Upload
others
View
1
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
ACTIVE AGEING INDEX, NEW
EMPHASIS WITHIN THE SAME
METHODOLOGY
EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00017
Sustainable, intelligent and inclusive
regional and city models
Éva Berde – Izabella Kuncz
SECOND INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON THE
ACTIVE AGEING INDEX
Bilbao, 27–28 September 2018
• Introduction
• Role of the ICT
• Weights of the ICT
• Outlook (Quality of the ICT)
• Results
OUTLINE EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00017 –
Sustainable, intelligent and
inclusive regional and city
models
AGEING IN EUROPE AND IN OTHER
COUNTRIES – WELFARE QUESTIONS
EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00017 –
Sustainable, intelligent and
inclusive regional and city
models
• Questions regarding life quality of the elderly → surveys
are generally focusing on older people’s financial state,
health and satisfaction level. Active Ageing Index (AAI)
• AAI was published first in 2012, since then it has been
constructed in every 2 years. We have figures on AAI
2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018, respectively
• AAI is a composite index, based on expert weights.
• Most of the composite indices are created with expert
weights, having been severely criticized → In our opinion
it represents immanent potential of ageing basically well,
giving sound direction to the politicians.
3
ROLE OF THE INTERNET IN AAI
EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00017 –
Sustainable, intelligent and
inclusive regional and city
models
Altogether
1.4%
4
Employment
(35%)
Participation in
society
(35%)
Independent,
healthy and secure
living
(10%)
Capacity and enabling
environment for
active and healthy
ageing
(20%)
Employment rate 55-59
(25%)
Voluntary activities
(25%)
Physical exercise
(10%)
Remaining life
expectancy at age 55
(33%)
Employment rate 60-64
(25%)
Care to children,
grandchildren
(25%)
Access to health and
dental care
(20%)
Share of healthy life
expectancy at age 55
(23%)
Employment rate 65-69
(25%)
Care to older adults
(30%)
Independent living
(20%)
Mental well-being
(17%)
Employment rate 70-74
(25%)
Political participation
(20%)
Financial security
(30%)
Use of ICT
(7%)
Physical safety
(10%)
Social connectedness
(13%)
Lifelong learning
(10%)
Educational
attainment
(7%) Source: Zaidi et al. (2013)
THE INTERNET HAS BEEN GAINING
IMPORTANCE IN EVERY ASPECT OF LIFE
EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00017 –
Sustainable, intelligent and
inclusive regional and city
models
• Large number of services have become available
online
• Sources of supplementary income can be reached
• Financial transactions and buying goods can be
managed from home
• Making appointment at doctor is pretty simple
• Finding virtual company became easy (then
finding real company)
• Etc.
5
THE USE OF THE INTERNET IS
INCREASING QUICKLY
EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00017 –
Sustainable, intelligent and
inclusive regional and city
models
6
The rate of EU 28 internet users from the 25-54 and 55-74 age groups who use the
internet at least once a week. Source: Eurostat (2018).
57 63
68 73
76 78 80 83 85
88 89
24 28
32 36
39 43
46 50
53 57
60
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
%
25-54 years 55-74 years
• Djurovic et al. (2017): statistical estimation method (Composite
I-distance Indicator, CIDI)
• Our five-domain case: Use of ICT is in a separate 5th domain
with higher weights, relative weights of the rest of the variables
and domains were unchanged
WEIGHTS OF THE INTERNET
EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00017 –
Sustainable, intelligent and
inclusive regional and city
models
7
Original
weights
Djurovic et al.
(2017)
Five-domain
case
Weights of ICT 20%∙7%= 1.4% 33%∙22%=7.26% 20%
COUNTRY RANKINGS IN 2018 EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00017 –
Sustainable, intelligent and
inclusive regional and city
models
Original
weights
Djurovic
et al.
(2017)
Five-
domain
case
Original
weights
Djurovic
et al.
(2017)
Five-
domain
case
Sweden 1 1 1 Latvia 15 21 15
Denmark 2 2 2 Malta 16 13 14
Netherlands 3 3 3 Italy 17 18 18
United Kingdom 4 5 4 Spain 18 14 16
Finland 5 4 5 Lithuania 19 24 21
Germany 6 7 7 Portugal 20 17 22
Ireland 7 6 11 Slovakia 21 20 19
France 8 9 8 Bulgaria 22 22 25
Estonia 9 12 10 Slovenia 23 19 23
Belgium 10 8 9 Poland 24 25 24
Czech Republic 11 15 13 Hungary 25 23 20
Austria 12 11 12 Romania 26 27 27
Cyprus 13 16 17 Croatia 27 26 26
Luxembourg 14 10 6 Greece 28 28 28
Year Djurovic et al. (2017) Five-domain case
2010 3.36 2.36
2012 2.36 2.43
2014 2.14 2.21
2016 2.07 1.79
2018 1.93 1.50
DECREASING AVERAGE ABSOLUTE
DIFFERENCES
EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00017 –
Sustainable, intelligent and
inclusive regional and city
models
𝑅 =1
𝑀 |𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑟𝑒𝑓 𝐶𝐼𝑐 − 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑘(𝐶𝐼𝑐)|
𝑀
𝑐=1
Average shift in country rankings:
OUTLOOK – OR SOME RESULTS
AFTER HANDING OUT THE PAPER
EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00017 –
Sustainable, intelligent and
inclusive regional and city
models
Remarks
• Does the internet use really matter when we
have many other categories?
• If internet usage will become like literacy, does it
count whether people use it?
• See the purpose of internet usage!
COUNTRY RANKINGS WITH
SIMULATED ICT VALUES
EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00017 –
Sustainable, intelligent and
inclusive regional and city
models
Original weigths Weigths of Djurovic et al.
(2017)
• Internet activities from Eurostat ICT Survey
– Job search
– Learning
– Online banking
– Etc.
• Higher standard deviation, higher differences
between countries
QUALITY OF ICT EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00017 –
Sustainable, intelligent and
inclusive regional and city
models
• Weights have to adjust to the changes in
everyday life of the elderly.
• Weights of ICT should be increased in AAI.
– Expert weights
– Statistical methods
• More attention should be paid to quality of
internet usage.
CONCLUSIONS EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00017 –
Sustainable, intelligent and
inclusive regional and city
models
THANK YOU FOR YOUR
ATTENTION!
EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00017 – Sustainable,
intelligent and inclusive regional and city models
REFERENCES
EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00017 –
Sustainable, intelligent and
inclusive regional and city
models
15
Djurovic, I., Jeremic, V., Bulajic, M., & Dobrota, M. (2017). A
Two-Step Multivariate Composite I-Distance Indicator Approach
for the Evaluation of Active Ageing Index. Journal of Population
Ageing, 10(1), 73–86.
Eurostat (2018): Eurostat Database. Retrieved June 8, 2018,
from http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database
Zaidi, A., Gasior, K., Hofmarcher, M. H., Lelkes, O.,Marin, B.,
Rodrigues, R, Schmidt, A., Vanhuysse, P., & Zolyomi, E. (2013).
Active ageing index 2012: concept, methodology and final
results. report produced in collaboration with UNECE (Geneva)
and European commission’s DG for employment, social affairs &
inclusion, (Brussels).
REFERENCES
EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00017 –
Sustainable, intelligent and
inclusive regional and city
models
16
AAI (2018). Active Ageing Index, UNECE Statistics. Retrieved April 2, 2018, from
https://statswiki.unece.org/display/AAI/Active+Ageing+Index+Home
Bandura, R. (2008). A survey of composite indices measuring country
performance: 2008 update. New York: United Nations Development Programme,
Office of Development Studies (UNDP/ODS Working Paper).
Dobrota, M., Bulajic, M., Bornmann, L., & Jeremic, V. (2016). A new approach to
the QS university ranking using the composite I-distance indicator: uncertainty
and sensitivity analyses. Journal of the Association for Information Science and
Technology, 67(1), 200–211.
EU (2007). Ageing well in the information society: action plan on information and
communication technologies and ageing. Retrieved March 8, 2018, from
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=LEGISSUM%3Al24292
Ivanovic, B. (1973). A method of establishing a list of development indicators.
Paris: United Nations educational, scientific and cultural organization.
REFERENCES
EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00017 –
Sustainable, intelligent and
inclusive regional and city
models
17
Jeremic, V., Bulajic, M., Martic, M., & Radojicic, Z. (2011). A fresh approach to
evaluating the academic ranking of world universities. Scientometrics, 87(3),
587–596
OECD (2008). Handbook on constructing composite indicators. Methodology
and user guide. Paris: OECD Publications
São José, J. M., Timonen, V., Amado, C. A. F., & Santos, S. P. (2017). A
critique of the Active Ageing Index. Journal of aging studies, 40, 49-56.
WHO (2002). Active ageing - a policy framework. The contribution of the world
health organization to the second united nations world assembly on ageing,
Madrid, Spain, April 2002.
Yang, L. (2014). An inventory of composite measures of human progress.
Occasional paper on methodology. UNDP Human Development Report Office.