pg. 1

ACTION PLAN FOR

REJUVENATION OF GARGA RIVER

IN JHARKHAND

JHARKHAND STATE POLLUTION CONTROL

BOARD, DHURWA, RANCHI JHARKHAND-834004

pg. 2

CONTENT

CHAPTER I

❖ BACKGROUND

❖ INTRODUCTION

❖ PHYSIOGRAPHY

❖ WATER RESOURCES & RAINFALL

❖ ANNUAL RAINFALL

❖ DEVIATION OF RAINFALL

❖ SEASONAL RAINFALL

❖ RAINFALL TREND IN RABI SEASON

❖ AVERAGE MOTHLY RAINFALL

❖ MOVING AVERAGE OF THE RAINFALL

❖ EXTREME EVENT ANALYSIS

❖ SURFACE WATER RESOURCES

❖ GROUND WATER RESOURCES

❖ DRAINAGE SYSTEM AND MAPS

❖ RIVERS AND RIVER BASINS

CHAPTER II - GARGA RIVER

❖ WATER QUALITY GOALS AS PER THE EXISTING PROVISIONS OR

GUIDELINES/ SPECIFICATIONS OF CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL

BOARD (CPCB)

❖ IDENTIFIED STRETCHES FOR REDUCING POLLUTION

CHAPTER III- VISION MISSION AND STRATEGY FOR GARGA RIVER

❖ VISION STATEMENT OF JHARKHAND STATE POLLUTION CONTROL

BOARD

❖ VISION STATEMENT FOR CLEAN RIVERS IN JHARKHAND

❖ MISSION STATEMENT FOR CLEAN RIVERS

pg. 3

CHAPTER IV-CURRENT STATUS AND TRENDS OF WATER QUALITY IN

JHARKHAND RIVERS

❖ IDENTIFICATION OF MONITORING LOCATIONS

❖ CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD'S NORMS FOR DESIGNATED

BEST USE

CHAPTER V- ACTION PLAN

❖ ACTION PLAN- SHORT TERM AND LONG TERM ACTION AND THE

IDENTIFIED AUTHORITIES FOR INITIATING ACTIONS AND THE TIME

LIMITS FOR ENSURING COMPLIANCE

❖ SHORT TERM AND LONG TERM ACTION PLANS FOR REJUVENATION

OF RIVERS AND THE IMPLEMENTING AGENCIES RESPONSIBLE FOR

EXECUTION OF THE ACTION PLANS AND THE TIME LIMITS ARE

GIVEN IN TABLE AS BELOW

❖ PROPOSED ACTION PLAN BY VARIOUS DEPARTMENT OF GOVT. OF

JHARKHAND

❖ PROPOSED ACTION PLAN FOR RESTORATION OF JHARKHAND

RIVERS

❖ ACTION PLAN AT VILLAGE LEVEL

❖ TIMELINES FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF MODEL RESTORATION PLAN

in 2019-2020 and 2020-2021

pg. 4

Chapter-1

JHARKHAND & ITS WATER RESOURCES

1.0 BACKGROUND:-Hon’ble National Green Tribunal passed the following orders in OA

No. 673/2018 & M.A. No. 1777/2018 titled News item published in “The Hindu “authored by

Shri Jacob Koshy titled “More river stretches are now critically polluted: CPCB on

20.09.2018 as per excerpts below.

“The issue taken up for consideration in this matter is abatement of pollution in 351 river

stretches in the country, identified as such by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB).

The said river stretches 2 are not meeting the prescribed standards of the water quality in

terms of Bio-chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). Existence of polluted river stretches is

evidence to show that the State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) have failed to perform

their statutory obligation to take appropriate action to achieve the objects of the Water

(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974.

Having regard to the importance of the issue and in the light of judgments of the Hon’ble

Supreme Court in M.C. Mehta Vs. Union of India & Ors.1, M.C. Mehta Vs. Union of India

And Ors.2 (Calcutta Tanneries' Matter), Vellore Citizen’ Welfare Forum Vs. Union of India3,

S. Jagannath Vs. Union of India & Ors.4, And Quiet Flows The Maily Yamuna5, Tirupur

Dyeing Factory Owners Association Vs. Noyyal River Ayacutdars Protection Association &

Ors.6 and TechiTagi Tara Vs. Rajendra Singh Bhandari & Ors.7 and of this Tribunal in

Manoj Mishra Vs. Union of India8, M.C. Mehta Vs. Union of India9, Mahendra Pandey Vs.

Union of India &Ors.10, Sobha Singh & Ors. Vs. State of Punjab & Ors. 11, Nityanand

Mishra Vs. State of M.P. & Ors12, Stench Grips Mansa’s Sacred Ghaggar River (Suo-Moto

Case)13, Doaba Paryavaran Samiti Vs. State of U.P. & Ors.14, Arvind Pundalik Mhatre Vs.

Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change & Ors.15, Meera Shukla Vs. Municipal

Corporation, Gorakhpur & Ors.16, Amresh Singh Vs. Union of India & Ors.17, Sudarsan

Das Vs. State of West Bengal & Ors.18, Satish Kumar vs. U.O.I & Ors.19, this Tribunal

noted 1 (1987) 4 SCC 463 ¶14 & (1988) 1 SCC 471 2 (1997) 2 SSC 411 3 (1996) 5 SSC 647

4 (1997) 2 SCC 87 5 (2009) 17 SSC 720 6 (2009) 9 SSC 737 7 (2018) 11 SCC 734 8 O.A. No.

6/2012, 2015 ALL(I) NGT REPORTER (1) (DELHI) 139 9 O.A No. 200 of 2014, 2017 NGTR

pg. 5

(3) PB 1 10 O.A. No. 58/2017 11 O.A.No. 101/2014 12 O.A. No. 456/2018 13 O.A. No.

138/2016 (TNHRC) 14 O.A. No. 231/2014 15 O.A. No. 125/2018 16 O.A. No. 116/2014 17

Execution Application No. 32/2016 in O.A. No. 295/2016 18 O.A.No. 173 of 2018 19 O.A No.

56 (THC) of 2013 3 the need for steps to check discharge of untreated sewage and effluents,

plastic waste, e-waste, bio-medical waste, municipal solid waste, diversion of river waters,

encroachments of catchment areas and floodplains, over drawal of groundwater, river bank

erosion on account of illegal sand mining. There is need for installation of Effluent Treatment

Plants (ETPs), Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs), Sewage Treatment Plants

(STPs), Solid Waste Treatment and processing facilities etc.

It was also noted that BOD was required to be less than 3.0 mg/l, Dissolved Oxygen more

than 5.0 mg/l and Faecal Coliform bacteria less than 500 MPN/100 ml”

1.1 Introduction

The State of Jharkhand was created as the 28th

State of the Indian Union by the Bihar Re-

organization Act on 15th November 2000, the birth anniversary of the legendary Bhagwan

Birsa Munda. It comprises of the forest tracts of Chhotanagpur plateau and Santhal Paragna.

It is bounded by Bihar on the North, Orissa on the South, Chhattisgarh on the west and West

Bengal on the East. Topography of the State is mostly undulating, hilly and sloping with

mountains, forests, river basins and valleys. It has a rich endowment of forests and mineral

resources. It has some of the richest deposits of coal and iron ore in the world. It is the largest

producer of coal, copper, kyanite and mica in the country. It is blessed with rich fauna and

flora.

The State is home to nearly a tenth of the country’s Scheduled Tribes1, who constitute 28% of

Jharkhand’s population. Another 12% of the population is from Scheduled Castes. Jharkhand

is mostly rural, with 77.77% of the State’s population in villages. The State has 24 districts,

38 sub-divisions, 260 blocks, 4118 panchayats and 32620 villages. For safeguarding and

protecting the interest of the Scheduled Tribes and for ensuring equity and social justice in

the planned process of development, the State is following Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP) approach in

12 districts fully and 2 districts partly, covering 112 blocks.

1 The main tribes in Jharkhand are Asur, Birhor, Birjia, Chik Baraik, Korba, Lohara, Mahali, Mal Paharia,

Kumarbhag Paharia, Souriya Paharia, Savar, Santal, Oraon, Munda, Ho and Kharia.

pg. 6

With an area of 79714 km2 which accounts for 2.42% of the country’s area, Jharkhand

supports a population of 32.97 million (2011) which constitutes 2.72% of the country’s

population. South Bihar, as it was called in the earlier dispensation, is a hill state comprising

ethnic groups (tribals), Hos, Mundas, Santhals and others ; The state needs intensive

development initiatives.

Jharkhand, literally meaning a forested region, is landlocked and is an integral part of the

north-eastern portion of the Peninsular Plateaus of India. As part of ancient Gondwanaland,

Jharkhand has rock formations ranging from the earliest Archean Era to the latest Post-

tertiary period. It is a region of diverse physical features consisting of a succession of

plateaus, hills and valleys, drained by several large rivers such as Damodar, Barakar,

Subarnarekha, Koel, Brahmani, Baitarani and Mahanadi. The northern part of Jharkhand

adjoining Bihar broadly comes under the Gangetic river basin.

The State has a sub-humid climate with average annual rainfall of 1,350 mm. However, due

to high variability of monsoon rains, low moisture holding capacity of soils, absence of

developed aquifers due to the hard rock substrate and high run-off due to the undulating

terrain, agriculture is fraught with high risks2. Paddy, the principal crop of the State sown

over 1.3 mha in 2001-023 had an average yield of only 1.11 ton/ha

4. Maize, minor millets and

pulses are the other principal crops and together occupy about 25% of the net sown area, with

similar low yields. Oilseeds production is negligible. Horticulture and floriculture is

undeveloped in spite of a suitable climate.

Jharkhand is a mineral rich state, contributing 40% of the nation’s mineral wealth. Yet, it had

little impact on local livelihoods outside the industrial enclaves. Even in the most

industrialized districts, such as East Singhbhum, Bokaro, Ranchi and Dhanbad, the

proportion of main workers engaged in mining and industry is less than 3%. Agriculture

remains the principal source of livelihoods for an overwhelming majority of the population.

About 48% of the State’s geographical area is cultivable. However, the net sown area is only

about 23% (all India 47%) of the geographical area and more than half of the cultivable land

remains fallow. Subsidiary farm-based activities like dairy, poultry, etc. generally follow

2 As per the categorization by Indian Meteorological Department, Jharkhand figures in the "drought corridor” of the country, which also includes Rajasthan, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh (drought prone districts of Rayalaseema

and Telengana regions), West Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh (including Chhatisgarh), Bihar and parts of West

Bengal adjoining Jharkhand. 3Planning Commission, ibid. 4 The average yield for India during the year was 1.9 ton/ha, with Tamil Nadu, having the highest average yield

at 3.2 ton/ha. Yields vary a great deal within Jharkhand due to the undulating topography and varying levels of

development of agriculture. Source: Fertilizer statistics 2002-03 New Delhi (Published in Jharkhand Agriculture

data book 2006)

pg. 7

growth in agriculture. These have not developed in the State in spite of increasing demand for

the products. The State has a large population of scrub cattle, kept principally for draught

power and manure.

In the last 13 years, since the creation of the State, the Government has done effective work

in extending primary education in the rural areas. Government’s priority to spread road

network in the rural areas is very important. Similarly, the health sector also needs serious

attention in the rural areas. Health services in rural areas need improvement, the people are

traditionally dependent on traditional medicine men. In terms of potential opportunities, some

of the considerations which require action to reduce poverty and enhance food security are:

▪ An overwhelming majority of the State’s population is rural and dependent on

agriculture and other natural resource based livelihoods.

▪ Less than half the cultivable land in the State is presently utilized.

▪ 85% of the net sown area is under mono-cropping.

▪ Potential of water resources is not adequately developed.

▪ Productivity of agriculture is significantly lower than potential.

▪ There is little diversity in the farm sector.

▪ The State is a net importer of food grains, oilseeds, milk and milk products and

poultry.

▪ Intensification of agriculture would in the long run call for improved land husbandry,

including use of organic inputs given the undulating and hilly terrain and relatively

low fertility of soils.

▪ Almost a third of the State is classified as forests.

▪ Forests have been a significant source of income (produce/materials required for

domestic use in general/during scarcity) for nearly 1/3 of the population.

▪ Livelihood infrastructure of extension services and input-output markets is not

adequately developed.

1.2 PHYSIOGRAPHY

Physiography of the State: Physiographically Jharkhand state consists of series of four

distinct plateaus, the highest plateau is formed by western Ranchi plateau or the pat region,

which is 800 to 1100 meters above the mean sea level. It covers the north-western part of the

Ranchi district and southern edge of Palamau district. The next plateau is known as the

pg. 8

Ranchi, except the pat region. This plateau is about 600 meters above mean sea level. The

Ranchi plateau is separated from the other surface of the same elevation by Damodar trough.

The third plateau has an elevation of 300 meters above mean sea level and may be termed as

the lower Chotanagpur plateau. The fourth plateau is a uniform surface formed by the river

valleys, plains and lower parts of the outer plateau lying between 150-300 meters above mean

sea level. Rajmahal hills and the Kaimur plateau belong to this category.

The soil in the state of Jharkhand has been formed from disintegration of rocks and stones.

The soil thus formed can be divided into various soil types including red soil, micacious soil,

sandy soil, black soil and laterite soil. Red soil is found mostly in the Damodar valley, and

Rajmahal area. The Micacious soil (which consist particles of mica) is found in the regions of

Koderma, Jhumeritilaiya, Barkagaon and areas around the Mandar hill. Sandy soil is

generally found in Hazaribagh and Dhanbad and black soil in Rajmahal area whereas the

lateritic soil is found in western part of Ranchi, Palamu, and parts of Santhal Parganas and

Singhbhum.

1.3 Water Resources & Rainfall

The state receives rainfall in the range of 1200-1300 mm per year against the national

average of 1000mm. Precipitation is rather variable. Winter season precipitation is meagre

and highly variable. About 60 percent of the rainy days have rainfall below 2.5 mm. On about

40 percent rainy days, evaporation level is more than 2.5 mm per day.

Jharkhand receives rain mainly from South Western monsoon wind. Generally, this

monsoon wind hits Jharkhand in the mid of June and continues up to the month of

September. The total precipitation during these months amounts to 90-95% of the total

rainfall. July and August are the peak month of the monsoon and are the backbone of

the agriculture in Jharkhand. The table given below shows that the state receives good

amount of rainfall. However, the erratic distribution of rainfall across monsoon months

(June to September) creates drought situation in the state. Graph showing the

distribution of rainfall across months (JSAC) is given below:

The erratic rainfall of 5 years, for instance, depicts the pattern well in the graph above.

During winter months the state receives winter rain (10-5% of the total rainfall). These small

rains become the deciding factors for rabi crops for many farms. The South Chhotanagpur

pg. 9

and Santhal Pargana Divisions receive higher rainfall whereas Palamu Division receives

lowest rainfall in the state.

Despite the fact that the state has a good rainfall, the surface water availability is not

sufficient especially for agriculture due to inadequate storage facilities etc. As far as the

status of ground water is concerned, it is also in the poor state due to little recharging of

ground water by natural process and the absence of artificial recharging facilities, as a result

the water level in the plateau goes down.

1.3.1 Annual Rain fall:

Rainfall data for the catchment area has been collected from the India water portal for the last

100 Years. It has been grouped and made arithmetic average to get the decadal average

rainfall. The normal rainfall has been assumed at 1200 mm and deviation has been calculated

based on the assumption and arithmetic average of the decadal rain fall.

Extreme events related to rain fall has been measured with the deviation in the rain fall and

number of times that it has exceeded or fall short of the normal rainfall. These deviations

have been depicted in the graphs.

Rainfall

Max Temp

Min Temp

pg. 10

1.3.2 Deviation of rainfall:

The deviation has been measured with reference to the normal rain fall and all data has been

taken from the IMD data which is accepted country wise. It has been taken from the year

1900 onwards. In the data it can be seen that in the last 10 Decades there has been seven

decades with positive rainfall and three decades have shown negative deviation.

If we see the deviation in the last 10 years there has been absolute reversal of the pattern and

out of the ten year only three years have positive deviation otherwise seven years have

negative deviation.

Rain Fall over last century

Rain fall deviation from normal

pg. 11

1.3.3Seasonal Rainfall:

The district receives maximum rain from the advancing north east monsoon. Through the

retreading south west monsoon district also receives some rainfall. District has been mainly

mono cropped and it has only 3% area under irrigation as compared to 11% under the

catchment area. It has been not because that the district receives less rainfall but it has been

mainly because land is undulating and it causes fast runoff in the area. The variations as said

above has been also high and it causes greater run off. It has also been noticed in recent years

that number of rainy days has been shrinking as evident from the wet day data on the web site

of India water portal.

There has been wide variation in the rainfall during the Khariff and Rabi season. It has been

put as graph and it shows that there has been decreasing rend over the last few years which

can lead to a significant decrease in the coming years. The highest rainfall in Kahriff has been

reported in the year 1990 at 1693 mm and lowest in the year 1992 at 688 mm. Number of

rainy days has decreased from 69 days /year to 63 days/year in the last decade.

Rainfall Deviation ibetween 2000-2010

pg. 12

1.3.4 Rainfall trend in Rabi season:

The state and district are by-enlarge remain mono cropped, however the red lateritic soil is

good for vegetables and hence rainfall in Rabi or irrigation facilities has a great bearing on

the cultivation in Rabi season. Over the last few years there has been significant decrease in

rainfall. Especially after 1996 the trend has been alarming.

The highest rainfall has been reported in the year 1919 at 138 mm and lowest rainfall has

been reported in the year 1999 at 37 mm. The trend has been showing that since 1992 in the

month of December there has been rarely rain while before 1992 there has been rain in the

month of December. Even in January there has been decreasing trend.

Kahriff rainfall and Moving average for same

Rainy days

pg. 13

1.3.5 Average Monthly Rainfall:

The data for the last 30 years has been collected to know the trends and deviations in the each

half of fifteen years. The data has been collected for last 50 years from the web site. The

trends have shown that there has been variation in average monthly rainfall and for some

decade starting from 1990 it has shown an increasing trend and then it has started showing a

decreasing trend for the district.

It has implications on the agriculture production and all livelihood activities based on land

and water. Even the allied livelihood activities of fisheries and animal husbandry are bound

to be affected by the changes in the precipitation regime.

pg. 14

1.3.6 Moving Average of the Rainfall:

It can be clearly seen that there has been a decreasing trend of rain fall indicted by the

moving average line. Post 1992 there has been decline in the average rain fall. The heaviest

rain has been received in the year 1994 at 1416.47 mm and lowest rainfall has been received

in the year 1992 at 732.61 mm. Rest of the years have received lesser rainfall and it varies

with the last two year receiving approximately 850 mm rainfall which is less than the average

rain fall received by the state and the district.

Ra

infa

ll i

n m

m

Average rainfall 72-86 Vs 87-01

72-86

87-01

Rainfall and Moving average rainfall

Rainfall

Moving average

pg. 15

1.3.7 Extreme event analysis:

As mentioned above that in the last century there has been three decades with deficit average

rainfall where as in the last decade only there has been three average rainfall year. This

indicates the absolute reversal of trends in the last decade.

There have been consecutive droughts in the year 2001-02-03, 2005-06 and 2009-10. It can

be seen that on average every third year there has been drought.

1.3.8 Surface Water Resources

Considering average annual rainfall of 1200 mm, the state receives 95,652 MCM rain water annually.

However, as per the Second Bihar Irrigation Commission’s Report (1994), the total availability of

water in the state of Jharkhand is 33,489 MCM, including downstream discharge from the basins.

1.3.9 Ground Water Resources

Groundwater constitutes a major and widely used resource in Jharkhand for drinking and domestic

purposes. However, it is not uniformly distributed due to the varied hydrogeology of the state. About

20% of the available ground water is used for irrigation mainly from privately owned dug well or

shallow tube wells. District-wise ground water balance data indicate high levels of ground water

withdrawal in certain urban agglomerations where groundwater potential developed is only a tenth of

the utilizable reserves.

Rainfall Deviation ibetween 2000-2010

pg. 16

Presently, the availability of water resource is only 287810 lakh m3, out of which 237890 lakh m3 is

from surface water and rest 49920 lakh m3 is from ground water. The total utilization of surface and

ground water in the state for irrigation purposes so far is only 47360 lakh m3, out of which 39640 lakh

m3 is surface water and 7720 lakh m3 is ground water.

Today, nearly 90% of the water supplied to rural areas is from ground water sources whereas about

30% of the water supply in the urban areas comes from ground water sources and the rest from over

ground reservoirs and rivers. In the last 25 to 30 years the villages have shifted to the utilization of

water from surface water to ground water through wells and hand pump for their domestic purposes.

Table1 : Surface Water Snapshot of Jharkhand (Surface Water Information)

Average annual rainfall 1200 mm

Total average annual precipitation 95652 MCM

River Basin Area 79,262 sq. km

Surface water availability 27,528 MCM

Ground water availability 5,251MCM

Surface water usage 6,965 MCM

pg. 17

The annual replenishable ground water resource in the state has been established at 5.58 BCM

(Billion Cubic Meters) and net annual ground water availability is estimated to be 5.25 BCM (Central

Ground Water Board, 2006). Altogether, the state puts to use 21% of its ground water resources.

Allocation of Water- Table II

Surface Water Ground Water

Irrigation purpose 41% 89.40%

Industry & Drinking 5321 MCM 538 MCM

Municipal Use 6% 10.60%

Industrial Use 13.76% Nil

1.4 Drainage systems and Maps

Jharkhand falls under the Chotanagpur Plateau from the North Eastern position of peninsular

plateaus of India. The entire state is drained into Bay of Bengal. Major rivers such as Son,

Damodar, Barakar, Subarnarekha, Brahmi and Baitarani and their sub drainage systems form

nine major catchments in the state. These drainage systems and catchments are depicted by

following two maps:

pg. 18

Demarcation of micro-catchment areas

The state of Jharkhand has 678 sub catchment areas, which has been further divided into

1952 mini catchment areas and finally broken up into 10,439 micro catchment areas5. The

Rural Development Department has sought support from Jharkhand Space Application

Centre (JSAC) under the aegis Department of Information Technology, Government of

Jharkhand. JSAC digitized all sub- catchment area, mini-catchment areas and micro-

catchment areas. These digitized maps are available for planning, review and monitoring.

Each micro-catchment area has been given a unique code along with broad features of the

catchment area. Below is the map showing micro- catchment areas in Jharkhand:

5 The area covered under a micro -catchement area varies from 60 hectares to more than 3,000 hectares

depending on the drainage outlet of that area.

pg. 19

JSAC has developed/ compiled information related to each of the catchment area with its code, boundaries and

other features, which are available in website (http://210.212.20.94:8081/rural_GIS/Default.aspx). SLNA and

PIAs are able to access the required maps, etc. for various purposes. A sample of coding of catchment area is

shown in the following picture:

pg. 20

1.5 Rivers & River basins: The State has following main rivers and river

basins:

Rivers : Subarnarekha, Damodar, Barakar, South Koel, North Koel, Shankh, Ajay,

Mayurakshi, Gumani, Kharkai, Ganga, Sone, Batane, Auranga, More, Karo and Bansloi;

River Basins : Subarnarekha, Damodar, Barakar, South Koel, North Koel, Mayurakshi,

Gumani, Ajay, Bilasi, Chandan Chir, Sone Stem with Kanhar, Punpun-Kiul, Harohar, Koa-

Bhena, Sankh, Dwarka mor.

The following map shows the broad division of the state with one side confluence towards

river Ganges in the north and north-east and the other part draining out towards south and

south-east meeting the Bay of Bengal.

pg. 21

Drought is a situation whereby the shortfall in the precipitation from monsoon becomes more

than 15% of the normal. The state receives an average annual rainfall of 1,200 mm. Rainfall

is concentrated during the four monsoon months from June through September. Over 80% of

the rain is received in the state during this period. Further, the quantum and distribution of

rainfall have a profound impact on the overwhelmingly rain-fed farming system. High

variability of monsoon rains, low moisture holding capacity of soils, absence of developed

aquifers due to the hard rock substrate and high run-off due to the undulating terrain make

agriculture fraught with high risks6. Even in years of normal monsoons with overall rainfall

around the long-term average, farmers are often faced with the spectre of total crop failure

due to long dry spells at critical junctures (such as Hathia rain failure) in the crop cycle

during the wet season when almost 90% of the crops are cultivated. This phenomenon is

observed almost regularly once in every 3 years.

6 As per the categorization by Indian Meteorological Department, Jharkhand figures in the "drought corridor” of

the country, which also includes Rajasthan, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh (drought prone districts of Rayalaseema

and Telengana regions), West Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh (including Chhatisgarh), Bihar and parts of West

Bengal adjoining Jharkhand.

pg. 22

Chapter 2

GARGA River

The Garga River:

The Garga,( 46.51km) a tributary of river Damodar that originates from Kasmar and flows through

Bermo and Chas.

Origin – Near Kasmar Village 'Kalaundi Baandh, Jharkhand

Total Length – 46.51km Garga flows through Bermo and Chas and discharge into Damodar

River near Telmuchu Bridge

It faces direct discharge of drain water of Chas Municipal Corporation areas and Bokaro Steel

City residential colonies.

State government to remove illegal hutments along the banks of Garga, especially in Chira

Chas locality, and set up a wastewater (sewage) treatment plants so that toxic water is not

discharged into the river.

We would also suggest Chas Municipal Corporation to construct soak pits for houses near the

riverbed so that direct discharge of sewage into the river can be prevented

The NGO functionary added that soil and sand were being illegally extracted from Garga

banks that would cause long-term ecological damage.

Water Quality Goals as per the existing provisions or guidelines/

specifications of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)

It is an important aspect for revival of River Subrnarekha, Nalkari, Garga, Shank, Damodar,

Jumar & Konar in context of their utility as streams are perennial rivers. The ultimate goal for

beneficial use of river will determine the level of actions to be taken for maintaining the

water quality. Under the present circumstances, it appears that River Subrnarekha, Nalkari,

Garga, Shank, Damodar, Jumar & Konar may serve the purpose of outdoor bathing

(organized) and for meet the outdoor bathing standards. The industrial effluents generated

from various industries in the catchment of River Subrnarekha, Nalkari, Garga, Shank,

Damodar, Jumar & Konar, which are ultimately falling and contributing to the pollution load

of the rivers shall be treated to meet the effluent discharge standards stipulated under

Schedule-VI of the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986 which is given as Annexure-I. The

river water quality for outdoor bathing (organized) requires more stringent conditions and

river water quality has to maintain adequate Dissolved Oxygen (DO) content. Suggested

criteria for outdoor bathing (organized) for River River Subrnarekha, Nalkari, Garga, Shank,

Damodar, Jumar & Konar are given in the following Table - IV.

pg. 23

Table IV:-

Sl. No. Parameters Class ‘B’ Water Quality Criteria for

Outdoor Bathing (Organized)

1. Ph 6.5 to 8.5

2. Dissolved Oxygen (DO) 5 mg/l or less

3. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (5

days, 200

C)

3 mg/l or less

4. Faecal Coliforms Organism 500 or less (MPN/100 ml)

1.8.4 Identified stretches for reducing pollution- Table IX

The different identified stretches across Subarnarekha for reducing pollution are

RIVER STRETCH SAMPLING POINT PROBABLE SOURCE

OF POLLUTION

Garga Along Talmuchu Near Talmuchu Bridge,

Bokaro

Discharge from BSL colony and

industrial area, Sewage from Chas

Municipal corporation, Effluent

discharge from Bokaro Dairy,

Sewage from Chira Chas Colony,

Agricultural Run off

pg. 24

Chapter-3

Vision Mission and Strategy for Garga River

3.0 Vision statement of Jharkhand State Pollution Control Board: Jharkhand State

Pollution Control Board aims at taking Jharkhand through the path of sustainable

development, equitable opportunities and appropriate governance by rigorous implementation

of environmental laws; by being pro-active in preventing and mitigating pollution; by

committing to the tenants of good governance; by enhancing involvement of all; and by

promoting self regulation and self certification among stake holders.

3.1 Vision statement for clean rivers in Jharkhand: Vision statement for Clean Rivers in

Jharkhand can be stated as – To achieve clean rivers, with safe drinking water to all its

inhabitants for sustaining and nourishing life and efficient use of water in irrigation using

micro-irrigation techniques and in industry by using water efficient technologies with

mandatory provision for treatment of waste water and reuse it for other purposes except for

drinking.

3.2 Mission statement for clean rivers:

3.2.1 To prepare and implement a comprehensive action plan for clean Rivers-:

Build holistic awareness among people, companies, farmers and other water users for

importance of rivers in identified patches with people centered monitoring mechanisms and

mitigating adverse impact of water pollution on health of people living in the different river

basin.

3.2.2 Strategy for clean rivers:

To achieve mission for clean rivers steps that will be necessary have been identified by the

JSPCB and has been communicated with the concerns for actions. This has been jointly

developed by the JSPCB and the different stakeholders in the chain. It has been done by

convening meetings and workshops for sharing the idea and then collating it for joint action

with defined timelines and expected results. The strategic steps are followings-

pg. 25

Identification of stake holders

Community in the river basin and especially in the polluted stretches:

Communities in the river stretches are mostly rural communities mixed with

cosmopolitan community Approximately 25 villages along with suburban areas falls

in the catchment of the proposed river stretch. The villages' houses close to 5046

families with a population size of 12521.

Municipal corporations in the identified stretches: There are two municipal

corporations in the catchment area of the river – Ranchi Municipal Corporation,

Community and private health care centers: As such there are no health care facilities

on the banks of the river which disposes medical waste in the river.

Main line departments like water resources, Agriculture, industries, Panchayati raj,

Rural development and others.

Nodal department

Convergence and Integration of departmental plans: The district level monitoring

committee will be responsible for convergence and dove tailing of the programmes

from different departments.

Monitoring of the action plans executed on regular intervals> it will be done by the

district level monitoring committee headed by District Collector.

pg. 26

Chapter-4

Current Status and Trends of Water Quality in Jharkhand Rivers

4.0 Identification of monitoring locations

4.0.1 River Garga:-

The water quality of river Garga is being monitored at1 locations, at Near Talmuchu Bridge,

Bokaro on monthly basis under National Water Quality monitoring Programme (NWMP) and

it will be monitored across all types of polluting sources like domestic and agriculture

pollution.

Discharge from BSL colony and industrial area

Sewage from Chas Municipal corporation

Effluent discharge from Bokaro Dairy

Sewage from Chira Chas Colony

Agricultural Run off

4.1 Central pollution control board's norms for designated best use :-

Central pollution control board has set certain norms for classifying water quality based on

the 8 defined para meters and these has been the guiding lines for setting up standards for

cleaning river water qualities.

Table: - X

Sl. No. Constituent

Parameters

Designated best uses classes

A B C D E BELOW

E

1 Total Coliforms

Organism,

MPN/100ml, Max

50 500 5000 - -

Not

meeting

A, B, C,

D

& E

criteria

2 pH value 6.5 to

8.5

6.5 to

8.5

6 to 9 6.5 to

8.5

6.5 to

8.5

3 Dissolved Oxygen,

mg/l,

Min

6 5 4 4

4 Biochemical Oxygen

Demand, mg/l, 5 days

2 3 3

pg. 27

20C,

Max

5 Free Ammonia (as N)

mg/l, Max

1.2

6 Sodium absorption

Ratio,

Max

26

7 Electrical

Conductivity at

25C micro mhos/cm,

Max

2250

8 Boron, mg/l, Max 2

Note:

Class A: Drinking Water Source without conventional treatment but after disinfection

Class B: Outdoor bathing (Organized)

Class C: Drinking water source after conventional treatment and disinfection

Class D: Propagation of Wild life and Fisheries

Class E: Irrigation, Industrial Cooling, Controlled Waste disposal.

pg. 28

Current status of quality of water in River Garga: - From the above table which shows results along different indicators shows that water

quality is improving on all parameters and hence it can be said that in the coming times it will further improve.

Water quality data as per designated best use excluding rainy season for Garga River near Telmucho Bridge sampling station

(August To October)

Parameters Designated best

use

2017-18 2018

-19

2017

-18

2018-

19

2017-

18

2018-

19

2017-

18

2018-

19

2017-

18

2018-

19

2017

-18 2018-19

Sl.

No

sampling

station pH

D.O

(mg/l)

B.O.D

(mg/l)

T.C

(MPN/100ml

F.C

(MPN/100ml) class

1

GARGA

RIVER

NEAR

TELMUCHO

BRIDGE

Maximum. 7.5 7.5 7.0 7.2 5.4 4.6 - - - - C C

Minimum 6.4 6.3 6.2 5.8 4.1 4.2 - - - - C C

Average. 6.63 6.96 6.63 6.46 4.85 4.41 - - - - C C

pg. 29

Chapter 5

ACTION PLAN WITH TIMELINE

A. Action Plan- Short Term and Long Term Action and the Identified

Authorities for initiating actions and the time limits for ensuring compliance

Sl.No. Action plan for rejuvenation of river Concerned

Dept.

Time Target

A Industrial Pollution Control

1 Compliance of industries located in catchment area with

respect to effluent discharge standards and its disposal as

per consent conditions

JSPCB Continuous

2 Inventorization of the industries in the catchment area of

Rivers covering assessment on aspects relating to Status

of Consents under Water & Air Acts and Authorization,

Effluent Generation, ETP capacities and final mode of

effluent discharges

JSPCB Continuous

3 Actions against the Identified industries in operation

without Consents under Water & Air Acts/Authorization

under the H& OW ( M & TM) Rules, 2016 as amended

JSPCB Continuous

4 Action against the industries not installed ETPs or ETPs

exist but not operating or ETP outlet or treated effluent is

not complying to the effluent discharge standards or

norms

JSPCB Continuous

5 Action against the red category industries for installation

of OCEMS and not transferring data to CPCB and

JSPCB

JSPCB Continuous

6 Small scale/tiny and service providing units located in

urban or semi-urban limits like Dairies, Auto Service

Stations to have minimum provision of O & G traps

Local

Authorities/

Municipal

Corporation

December

2019

pg. 30

7 Prohibition of burning of any kind of waste including

agro residues

State Govt. /

District

Administration

and Local

Authorities

& Agriculture

Department

Continuous

8 Directions to all the Industries which are observed to be

not in operation or closed or temporarily closed to

remain close till further orders from JSPCB.

JSPCB/

District

Administration

Continuous

9 Estimation of industrial effluent generation and the

existing CETP capacity and to arrive gap between the

industrial effluent generation and the existing treatment

capacity

State

Government ,

District/Local

Administration

September

2020

10 Channelization of industrial effluents to CETPs for

ensuring treatment to comply with the discharge

standards.

Identification of suitable site within industrial areas,

Execution and Commissioning of Adequate Capacity

CETPs.

State

Government ,

District/Local

Administration

December

2020

pg. 31

B. Short term and long term action plans for rejuvenation of rivers and the

implementing agencies responsible for execution of the action plans and the

time limits are given in table as below :-

Sl.No. Action Plan For Rejuvenation Of River Concerned

Dept.

Time

Target

A Sewage Treatment and Disposal Plan

1

District-wise estimation of total sewage generation,

existing treatment capacities, quantum of disposal

of sewage presently through drains and the gaps in

sewage treatment capacity.

State

Government,

UDD, Water

Resource Dept.,

District

Administration

and Local

bodies

March 2020

2

To undertake measurement of flow of all the drains

presently contributing pollution load in rivers and

to formulate detailed project report (DPR) for each

drain and corresponding town and submission of

DPR.

State

Government,

UDD, Water

Resource Dept.,

District

Administration

and Local

bodies

March 2020

3

Proper design, execution of STPs with full

utilization capacity

State

Government,

UDD, Water

Resource Dept.,

District

Administration

and Local

bodies

March 2020

4 Channelization including diversion of sewage

generated from household/town ships/villages to

State

Government, March 2021

pg. 32

sewer lines/interception of all the drains presently

carrying sewage and for ensuring proper treatment

through the upcoming STPs

UDD, Water

Resource Dept.,

District

Administration

and Local

bodies

5

Ensuring dairy/automobile service stations and

Hotels / Restaurants particularly located on road-

side should have a treatment system and levy of

fine in case found Violations

Local

authorities March 2020

B Ground water quality

1 Sealing of contaminated hand pumps and found to

be unfit for drinking purpose by the public

Rural drinking

water and

Sanitation

Department and

Local

authorities

September

2020

2 Supply of potable water to the affected

communities in the identified critical blocks

Rural drinking

water and

Sanitation

Department and

Local

authorities

March 2020

3

Carrying assessment of ground water survey for

quality and to identify over exploited and critical

blocks in the districts

Ground Water

Authority March 2020

4

To conduct periodic surprise inspection of the

industry to rule out any forceful injection of

industrial effluents into ground water resource

JSPCB &

Ground Water

Authority

Continuous

5

All the industry should be directed to obtain NOC

from the CGWB and action against the Units in

Operation without obtaining of NOC from CGWA

CGWB/ CGWA

and .Ground

Water

Continuous

(The

proposed

pg. 33

Authority

new

industries

will be

directed to

obtain NOC

from

CGWA)

6

To ensure rain water harvesting by the industrial,

commercial and other institutions and groundwater

recharging with only clean water be encouraged by

CGWB/CGWA

CGWA/

Ground Water

Authority/

JSPCB

March 2020

C. Proposed Action Plan by various Department of Govt. of Jharkhand

Phases Actions Required

through work break

down structure

Role

Pre- Planning Phase

(Recognition Phase)

Identification of

problem related to river

health

JSPCB

Assessment of drivers

and barriers for the

problem

JSCPB, Industries, WRD,

UDHD

Assessment of

catchment and valley

area bio-physical

properties

WRD

Stakeholder

consultations and

development of road

map

River Rejuvenation

Committee

pg. 34

Planning Phase

(Restoration Phase)

Formation of core team

– Management -

technical team-

Community

mobilization team

River Rejuvenation

Committee

Survey of the river sites

and prioritization of

restoration measures

WRD, Industries, JSPCB,

UDHD

Community

mobilization

Industry, JSPCB, UDHD,

District Administration

Preparation of detailed

project report

(Technical and

Financial)

River Rejuvenation

Committee

Implementation Phase

(Protection Phase)

Prioritization of

measures

River Rejuvenation

Committee

Implementation of

measures

UDHD, Industry, JSPCB,

District Administration

Monitoring/Regulation

of the implantation

measures

JSPCB (Regulate and

Monitor),

JSPCB to work in

coordination of UDHD,

Industries, District

Administration to execute

the measures

Documentation of

measures

JSPCB, UDHD and

Industries

Scaling Up Phase

(Improvement Phase)

Identification of lesson River Rejuvenation

Committee

Review and

consultation

River Rejuvenation

Committee

Planning for second

phase

River Rejuvenation

Committee

pg. 35

D. Achievable water quality goals with specific timelines

Sl.No. ACTION TO BE TAKEN TIMELINES

1 Identification and Cleaning of major drains directly

falling into Rivers of Jharkhand

September 2020

2

Cleaning all tributary drains of Jharkhand River, –

Setting up of decentralized sewage treatment plants

and allied works

September 2020

3 Trapping/ cleaning of remaining identified drains

directly falling into River

September 2020

4 Dredging of major drains and stretches of River

bed

September 2020/

continuous process

5 Laying of sewerage system in un-sewered areas Master Plan, September

2020/ continuous process

6 Rehabilitation & up-gradation of old sewerage

infrastructure

September 2020/

continuous process

7 Bio remediation & development of public space

along all major drains

September 2020

E. Proposed Action Plan For Restoration Of Jharkhand Rivers Regular cleaning of River Bed for removal of Eichhornia Vegetation.

Removal of encroachment (Slum areas) & restriction on Bathing /washing activity all

along the river Bed.

Provision of sanitation facility (Such as Sulabh Sawchalaya) near slum area & dense

populated area to avoid open defecation. Provision of STP for Cities.

Treated sewage of the city will have to be utilized for irrigation / gardening purpose.

The treated sewage after disinfection shall be used for gardening or could be

commercially sold to Industries.

Various Municipal Councils can undertake the river front beautification activities and

rainwater harvesting project along the stretch of the river. Rainwater harvesting can

help in attaining the minimum flow in the river water for scouring the sediments and

dilution water availability.

Scavenging of river beds will have to be undertaken before onset of monsoon

pg. 36

F. Action Plan at Village Level:-

For Zilla Parishad: Joint action need to take by Zilha Parishad, Irrigation & Agriculture

Departments. Agriculture Department shall undertake public awareness program to convey

that agriculture / horticulture by untreated river water is unhygienic. Instead bulk sewage /

sullage flowing in the rivers, nallas will have to be treated by artificial wet land systems.

Such systems rely on natural purification by photosynthesis and subsequent aeration by

“emergent macrophytes”. Pathogens are destroyed during the process. Such systems will be

suitable for small villages also. Effluent of artificial wet land system can be safely used for

agriculture because it will be free from pathogens. Zilla Parishad should pass a resolution that

it will spare appropriate land for artificial wet land system.

For Gram Panchayats: A resolution has to be passed by each Gram Panchayat of banks of

river that, they will not allow sewage / sullage from their respective villages to enter the river.

Further they should also provide sulabh shauchalay in villages to avoid open defecation.

Narrow-bore sewerage has been recommended for wastewater treatment. Water supply and

sanitation department of Govt. of Jharkhand should provide proto type designs for narrow-

bore sewerage followed by a stabilization pond.

G. Status of Flood Plain Zone and Environmental Flow (E-Flow)

Sl.No. Action plan for rejuvenation of river Concerned Dept. Time Target

A Flood Plain Zone (FPZ)

1 Plantation in Flood Plain Zone (FPZ)

Forest,

Environment &

Climate Change

June 2020

2 Checking encroachments in the FPZ of river District /Local

Administration Regular

3 Prohibition of disposal of municipal plastic and

bio- medical waste particularly in drains

Local

Administration

September

2020

4 Protection and management of flood plain zone State

Government/Water

Up to March

2020 and

execution of

pg. 37

Resource

Department

agreement by

October 2019

B Environmental Flow (E-Flow) and Irrigation Practices

1 Measurement of flow in the river and records

maintained

Water Resource

Department Regular

2

To conserve water and good irrigation practices

to be adopted by the farmers by organizing mass

awareness programmes and through media in

vernacular language.

Water Resource

Department/

Agriculture Dept.

Continuous

3 Completion of work for issues related to E-flow Water Resource

Department

Up to March

2020

execution of

agreement by

October 2019

4 Completion of work related ground water

recharge/rain water harvesting

Water Resource

Department

Up to March

2020

execution of

agreement by

October 2019

pg. 38

Annexure-III (To be revised, as monitoring and regulation to be done by JSPCB)

TIMELINES FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF MODEL RESTORATION PLAN in 2019-2020 and 2020-2021

YEAR 2019-2020 2020-2021

QUARTER QUARTER III QUARTER IV QUARTER I QUARTER II QUARTER III QUARTER IV

PHASES AND ACTION YEAR JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

Pre- Planning Phase: (Recognition)

Gathering of information of non-identified

polluted river stretch I

Reconnaissance survey sampling of river I

Assessment of water quality I

Planning Phase: (Restoration)

Identification of sources of pollution I

Preparation of Detailed Project Report I

In-situ bioremediation of drains II

Implementation Phase: (Protection)

Assessment of Treatment technologies,

available river flow, prevailing discharge

standards

II

Setting up of sewage treatment plants

(STPs)/Effluent treatment plants (ETPs)/

CETP

II

Complying the regulation under JSPCB for

existing industries, causing the pollution

based on survey data

I&II

Setting up tertiary level sewage treatment

facilities for grossly polluted stretches devoid

of perennial fresh water flow

II

Scaling Up Phase: (Improvement)

Augment river flow, if feasible II