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bulletinA M E R I C A N C E R A M I C S O C I E T Y
e m e r g i n g c e r a m i c s & g l a s s t e c h n o l o g y
JuNE/JulY 2011
Ceramics Leadership Summit 2011 program preview •
MS&T’11 program preview •
2nd Advances in Cement-Based Materials meeting schedule •
Nominees for Society’s President-Elect, Board of Directors •
Student perspectives 2011: Education, careers and community
1American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 1American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
contentsJ u n e – J u l y 2 0 1 1 • V o l . 9 0 N o . 5
Ceramics in EnergySome U.S. battery companies responding to microhybrid demand – page 18
Student and education issueIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Outreach PCSA’s ‘Demonstration Kits’ project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Jaime George Scientific exploration for younger learners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Kirsten Brookshire
Influential instructors ‘The times they are a-changing,” and Olivia Graeve is helping it happen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 James P. Kelley A scientific adventure at Boise State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Steven Letourneau Penn State professor inspires students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Andrew Paul Thermodynamics professor takes a refreshing approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Kirsten Brookshire
International experience Life and higher education in Ukraine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Pavlo Rudenko
Grad student experiences Advice from a departing graduate student . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Stan Dittrick Research and teaching assistantship experiences: Two perspectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Student research briefs Metal oxide gas sensor arrays for detection of off-gasses in the steel industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Travis Busbee Die-castable ceramic-reinforced metal-matrix composites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 William Garrett Nonmetal anion doping of anatase. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Victoria Knox Percolated ceramic composites: Characterization and optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Tim Pruyn Better sound through cooperation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Salem Maud Targeted amorphous calcium phosphosilicate nanoscale drug delivery carriers . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Stephen Weitzner The value of undergraduate design courses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Erica Marden
Material Advantage students participate in congressional visits . . . . . . . . . . . 43 PCSA to host student symposium at EMA 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
ACerS activitiesCeramic Leadership Summit 2011 program preview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
General session speakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Schedule of events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Concurrent session speakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Hotel information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Materials Science & Technology 2011 program preview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51ACerS lectures and special events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52MS&T’11 exhibitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53MS&T’11 student activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54MS&T’11 short courses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Ceramics in the Environment Two advanced-engineered ceramic coatings provide better resistance to volcanic ash – page 13
cover storyStudent perspectivesEducation, careers and community – page 25
2 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
2nd Advances in Cement-Based Materials: Characterization, Processing, Modeling and Sensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
General information and Schedule of events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56Hotel information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
departmentsNews & Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4• Inamori Kyocera Museum of Fine Ceramics opens at Alfred University.
ACerS Spotlight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7• Meet the candidates for ACerS President-Elect and Board of Directors• Nominations open for Mueller, Bridge Building awards• 2011 Basic Science Division Secretary nominees named• In memoriam
People in the Spotlight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11• IGC awards Mauro and Conradt• Messing selected for Orton Award and Lecture• Singh named AAAS Fellow• APEGGA honors Nychka for educational work
Ceramics in the Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13• Engineered ceramic coatings provide resistance to volcanic ash• Ultrathin polymer–clay coating: flexible transparent gas barrierAdvances in Nanomaterials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 • SketchSET provides erasable transistors, circuits
Ceramics in Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Research Briefs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Randilynn Christensen
resourcesInt’l Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology preview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Int’l Journal of Applied Glass Science preview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59Calendar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Classified Advertising . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Display Advertising Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
contentsJ u n e – J u l y 2 0 1 1 • V o l . 9 0 N o . 5bulletin
AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
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American Ceramic Society Bulletin covers news and activities of the Society and its members, includes items of interest to the ceramics community and provides the most current information concerning all aspects of ceramic technology, including R&D, manufacturing, engineering and marketing.
American Ceramic Society Bulletin (ISSN No. 0002-7812). ©2011. Printed in the United States of America. ACerS Bulletin is published monthly, except for February, July and November, as a “dual-media” magazine in print and electronic format (www.ceramicbulletin.org).
Editorial and Subscription Offices: 600 North Cleveland Avenue, Suite 210, Westerville, OH 43082-6920. Subscription included with American Ceramic Society membership. Nonmember print subscription rates, including online access: United States and Canada, 1 year $75; international, 1 year $131.* Rates include shipping charges. International Remail Service is standard outside of the United States and Canada. *International nonmembers also may elect to receive an electronic-only, e-mail delivery subscription for $75.
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ACSBA7, Vol. 90, No. 5, pp 1–64. All feature articles are covered in Current Contents.
OfficersMarina Pascucci, PresidentGeorge Wicks, President-electEdwin Fuller, Past PresidentTed Day, TreasurerCharles Spahr, Executive Director
Board of Directors William G. Fahrenholtz, Director 2009-2012David J. Green, Director 2010-2013Michael J. Hoffmann, Director 2008-2011Linda E. Jones, Director 2009-2012William Kelly, Director 2008-2011William Lee, Director 2010-2013James C. Marra, Director 2009-2012Kathleen Richardson, Director 2008-2011Robert W. Schwartz, Director 2010-2013David W. Johnson Jr., Parliamentarian
3American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
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AnchorLoc3-ACS Directory 11/3/10 3:44 PM Page 1
American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 54
As ubiquitous as ceramic materials are in nearly every aspect of modern life, their full potential has not yet been reached, says Kazuo Inamori, founder and chairman emeritus of Kyocera Corp., one of the largest manufacturers of ceramic components in the world, at the dedication of the Inamori Kyocera Museum of Fine Ceramics at Alfred University, May 10, 2011.
“I have been involved in research and business development of fine ceramics for more than half a century,” Inamori told the more than 100 people gathered for the dedication and ribbon-cutting for the new museum, located in Binns–Merrill Hall on the AU campus.
“I started from scratch,” recalled Inamori, who founded the Kyoto Ceramics Corp., forerunner of Kyocera Corp. in 1959, when he was only 27 years old. “I devoted myself to develop-ing new products from fine ceramics.”
The term “fine ceramics” (also known as advanced or engineered ceramics) takes its meaning from the fact that the materials are designed atom-by-atom to produce certain char-acteristics or properties for many of today’s cutting-edge applications in sci-ence and industry.
The worldwide fine ceramics market has grown to about three trillion yen, or about $40 billion, a year, Inamori said.
“Even today, new products con-tinue to be developed,” he said. Those will lead to the “next generation” of information, communications, environ-mental and energy applications for the benefit of humankind.
AU President Charles M. Edmondson noted that a $10 million gift from Kyocera Corp. in honor of Inamori led to a $5 million grant from New York State as a match. The NYS funding was used for the renovations of
Binns–Merrill Hall and the creation of the museum.
The museum is the tangible evidence of Inamori’s “scientific vision, spiritual-ity and inspiration” to students, faculty and staff at AU, Edmondson said.
Alastair Cormack, who was the founding dean of the Inamori School of Engineering and who worked with Kyocera Corp. to create the museum, called it an “extraordinary facility. It is unique, much more than a collection of artifacts or specimens.”
It is, he said, an “educational facility in the truest sense of the word. It charts the historic development of ceramic components that are found in virtually every aspect of our lives today.
Cormack predicted that visitors will be “staggered by their pervasiveness.”
Doreen Edwards, dean of the school of engineering, said she anticipates museum visitors will include special-ists and scientists. “People who are involved in the manufacture of ceram-ics and related technologies will find this of interest, but there is also plenty to draw the general public,” she said.
AU also is opening the Discovery Lab next to the Inamori Museum. School officials say the lab will be AU’s center for outreach activities involving students (and their teach-ers) from kindergarten through 12th grade. University faculty members are developing educational programming, including demonstrations and hands-on activities.
The artistic side of ceramics is not totally left out of the picture. The uni-versity notes that its Schein–Joseph Museum of Ceramics has an exten-sive collection of ceramic art and is located adjacent to the new museum in Binns–Merrill Hall. “This is an absolute reflection of the College of Ceramics that joins both the School of Art & Design and the Inamori School of Engineering,” said AU’s Linda Jones. “From the inception of the College, it was recognized that creativity and technical understanding are essential to address the challenges of our time.”
Inamori’s relationship with AU dates back to the 1980s. The school awarded him an honorary Doctor of Science
news & trends
Alfred U.’s Inamori Kyocera Museum of Fine Ceramics opensKate Wilkins and Susan Kowalczyk were among the first to see the displays at the
new Inamori Kyocera Museum of Fine Ceramics. ▼
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▲ Kazuo Inamori, founder and chairman emeritus of Kyocera Corp., left, and Alfred University President Charles M. Edmondson, right, cut the ribbon at the new Inamori Kyocera Museum of Fine Ceramics at Alfred Univ.
5American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
Leading Thermal Analysis
www.hitemp2011.com
Tuesday, September 20 to Thursday, September 22, 2011Millennium Hotel Boston, MA
HiTemp 2011 is intended to foster discussion and debate regarding the most recent understanding of high temperature materials and the state of the art in their experimental studies, processes, and diagnostics for scientific and technological applications.
Experimental studies of high temperature materials
n 10 keynote lecturesn 28 contributed lecturesn 3 poster sessions
degree in 1988, recognizing his leadership in the field of advanced ceramic materi-als. He created the schools’s Inamori Scholarships, which assist deserving stu-dents studying art or engineering.
Visit www.alfred.edu n
Advanced materials opportunity: ARPA-E offers new $130M round of high-risk, high-reward funding
The DOE recently announced that it is adding five new technology programs to the ARPA-E portfolio and has cre-ated a $130 million fund to kick off these new programs.
Now that the Recovery Act monies
have been allocated, ARPA-E funding opportunities are going to be increas-ingly important for the development of advanced ceramic, glass and other mate-rials for energy-related applications.
The five new technology areas, and their acronyms, are
• Plants Engineered to Replace Oil ($30 million) — The DOE says the goal of PETRO is to find technologies that optimize the biochemical processes of energy capture and conversion to develop a new generation of energy-rich crops. ARPA-E wants to create biofuels for half their current cost.
• High Energy Advanced Thermal Storage ($30 million) — With HEATS, ARPA-E wants “revolutionary cost-effective thermal energy storage tech-
nologies.” The DOE announcement says it is particularly interested in four areas: new nonintermittent, cost-competitive solar thermal power plants; advanced nuclear power plants capable of respond-ing to peak demand; fuel produced from thermochemical reactions to store solar energy; and new HVAC systems for electric vehicles that use thermal storage to improve the driving range of electric vehicles by up to 40 percent. ARPA-E says it is interested “in all forms of ther-mal storage, such as sensible heating, phase change, supercritical systems and thermochemical storage.”
• Rare Earth Alternatives in Critical Technologies ($30 million) — Because of strategic-sourcing RE problems, ARPA-E is looking to REACT to
American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 56
news & trends
deliver early-stage technologies that provide substitutes or alternatives for electric vehicle motors and wind gen-erator applications. DOE says five RE elements – neodymium, dysprosium, terbium, europium and yttrium – are of great concern because of the role they play in energy production and the level of supply-interruption risk each faces. ARPA-E mentions interest in high-energy-density, low-rare-earth-content permanent magnetic materials; nonper-manent magnet motors coupled with high-permeability, low-loss soft mag-netic materials; and high-temperature superconductor generators.
• Green Electricity Network Integration ($30 million) — Included in GENI technologies are grid-related
control software and high-voltage hardware. ARPA-E specifically desires controls capable of managing a 10-fold increase in wind and solar power and “resil-ient power flow control hardware – or the energy equivalent of an internet router.”
• Solar Agile Delivery of Electrical Power Technology ($10 million) — These technologies are envi-sion as part of the DOE SunShot program.
Through Solar ADEPT, ARPA-E is seeking methods to extract and deliver solar power more efficiently through advanced magnetics, semiconductor switches and charge storage. ARPA-E mentions interest in magnetic materi-als with high operating flux densities (while achieving electrical resistivity exceeding 1 milliohm·centimeter and exhibiting high thermal conductivity); solid-state switch technologies and wide-bandgap devices (using materials such as SiC, GaN, GaN on silicon, dia-mond and ZnO); new circuit topologies and converter architectures; and charge storage devices with high power densi-ties and high reliability.
DOE notes that this is the fourth
round of ARPA-E funding opportuni-ties and that 121 projects in 30 states are receiving financial support. n
San Diego area getting new grid link, 150-megawatt concentra-ting photovoltaic system and manufacturer
San Diego area energy suppliers have been building a special electrical transmission line, called the Sunrise Powerlink, which is opening up pos-sibilities of creating utility-scale renew-able energy options in nearby but less-populated areas. For example, San Diego Gas and Electric recently signed a deal with energy developer Tenaska Solar Ventures to build a 150-megawatt solar facility in neighboring Imperial County.
Tenaska is bringing in a French company, Soitec, which has a propri-etary concentrating solar energy system that uses a multilayered photovoltaic array instead of the typical concentrat-ing solar power arrangements that use mirrors to focus sunlight on tubes or a single pylon.
The Tenaska/Soitec facility, dubbed the Imperial Solar Energy Center West, is scheduled to be completed in 2015, and it appears to be just one of several Soitec projects. The company says it will be building a manufacturing facil-ity in the San Diego area to make the units for ISEC West. The plant will have an annual production capacity of 200 megawatts, and Soitec says it will be marketing its concentrating pho-tovoltaic modules to other large-scale developers and investor groups.
Groundbreaking for ISEC West is planned for 2013, and it is supposed to supply enough power for 55,000 homes. It is not clear how many jobs ISEC West will add, but Soitec’s new plant can employ 450 at full manufacturing capacity.
Visit Sunrise Powerlink, www.sdge.com/sunrisepowerlink/index.html; and Soitec, www.soitec.com n
Business newsUnion Process manufactures dry grind-
ing attritor for ceramics (www.unionproc ess.com) … Schoelly Imaging’s high-temperature borescopes operate up to 2000°C (www.schoellyimaging.com) … New Gateway Analytical lab celebrates grand opening (www.gatewayanalytical.com) … Oil drilling, earnings boost Carbo Ceramics stock 15 percent (www. investors.com) … Asylum Research’s Cypher AFM achieves point defect atomic resolution in liquids (www.asylumre search.com) … Capital Refractories has new salesperson, Peruvian distributor
(www.capital-refractories.com) … Osram Sylvania adds solid-state lighting fixtures to its portfolio (www.sylvania.com) … American Piezo launches online forum (www.americanpiezo.com) … Kyocera supplies solar modules for Marine Corps’ largest PV installation (www.kyocera.com) … Murata appoints David M. Kirk as its new CEO (www.murata-northamerica.com) … Toyota Announces finalists in “Ideas For Good” challenge (www toyota.com) … MesoCoat breaks ground on cermet cladding and coating manufactur-ing plant (www.mesocoat.com) n
New alternatives
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7American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
acers spotlight
The election of ACerS Board of Directors and President-Elect, along with the election of division and class officers, will take place June 17 through July 16. The nine directors of the board are elected to staggered three-year terms. This year, three candidates are running for the three open seats. Voting and ballot informa-tion will be sent to ACerS members by email and regular mail. Members will be able to vote one of three ways: return a ballot by mail, return a ballot by fax or cast a vote online. Voting informa-tion also will appear online at www.ceramics.org.
Meet the candidates
President-Elect candidate Curators’ Professor of Ceramic Engineering and Senior Investigator of the Materials Research CenterMaterials Science & Engineering DepartmentMissouri University of Science & TechnologyRolla, Mo.
Candidate statementI have been a member of The American
Ceramic Society for more than 30 years. As a student at the NYS College of Ceramics, and then at Penn State, I appreciated the opportunities that the Society offered to extend my education and to create the beginnings of a professional network that I rely on today. It was through the Society that I became aware of the worldwide ceramic science and engineering community. Later, as a staff member at Sandia National Labs, I found great value in partici-pating in and organizing meetings for the Glass and Optical Materials Division. The GOMD is home to my closest professional colleagues and has been the source of much of what I know about glass science and technology. Now, as an educator in the ceramic engineering pro-gram at Missouri S&T, I again see how important the Society is for young engineers and scientists setting out on their own careers. I owe much of my professional success to The American Ceramic Society, and I appreciate this opportunity to now help ACerS meet the chal-lenges we face to ensure that we remain the professional home for the world’s ceramic science and engineering community. We can do this, I believe, by offering our members the highest quality information necessary for professional growth, through our meetings, publications and web-offerings, by promoting ceramic solutions to broader materials problems, and by strengthening our international ties to organizations and members with similar interests.
Biography:B.S. Degree, Ceramic Engineering, NYS College of Ceramics at Alfred
University, 1980M.S. Degree, Glass Science, NYS College of Ceramics at Alfred
University, 1982Ph.D., Ceramic Science, Pennsylvania State University, 1985Curators’ Professor of Ceramic Engineering and Senior Investigator of the
Materials Research Center, Materials Science & Engineering Department, Missouri University of Science & Technology, Current
Chair, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Missouri University of Science & Technology, 2004–2007
Chair, Department of Ceramic Engineering, Materials Science & Engineering Department, Missouri University of Science & Technology, 2001–2004
(continued on next page)
Richard K. BrowPresident-Elect
8 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
acers spotlight
Manager, Materials Science & Engineering Focus Area, URSNational Energy Technology Laboratory Albany, Ore.
Candidate statementIt was 1984 when I was first
introduced to the society as a graduate student. Since then, I have continually served the ACerS leadership in various capacities as a participant, member and now as a Fellow. ACerS has been a very important part of my per-sonal and professional life, and I am very apprecia-tive of the ACerS leaders and membership who have played a significant role in mentoring me for the last two decades. I will use my industrial research and development experience in addressing wide range materials issues in the nuclear and fossil energy systems coupled with a decade of manage-ment experience, to provide ACerS Board insights on strategically placing ACerS as a premier society for discussions and dissemination of energy-related research. As ACerS representative to the MS&T program committee, I worked to unify the pro-gramming ideas from the four societies for the very first MS&T 2005; followed by the MS&T 2006 as a program chair. I have worked through a large number of the technical programming and administrative issues to produce a program that was acceptable to all, while maintaining ACerS identity. I plan to work with Board and member-ship to further integrate MS&T programming. As your board member, I will use my ACerS experi-ence, coupled with the professional experience in the nuclear and fossil energy systems, to define the future direction of the ACerS.
BiographyJain is employed by URS Corporation as
Material Science and Engineering Focus Area Manager at the National Energy Technology Laboratory, Albany, Ore. He has more than 20 years of industrial research and development expe-rience, with 10 years in management, in addressing a wide range of nuclear and fossil energy issues.
Jain earned his bachelor’s degree from Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University,
Varanasi, India, his master’s and Ph.D. in Ceramics from New York State College of Ceramics at Alfred University, Alfred, N.Y. He received his MBA from St. Bonaventure University, St. Bonaventure, N.Y., and have published more than 60 papers and reports and coedited three confer-ence proceedings, to date. Among my honors are being recipient of the George Westinghouse Gold Award and a Westinghouse Signature Award.
As ACerS representative to the MS&T pro-gram committee, Jain worked to unify the program-ming ideas from the four societies for the very first MST 2005; followed by the MS&T 2006 as a program chair. He served as the Advisor to NET Division and participated in board meetings as a nonvoting member. As a chair of NET Division and ACerS Meetings Committee, he provided leadership to improve and enhance the society membership participation and set the direction for the growth of the ACerS meeting committee. In addition, he served as a member of two soci-ety leadership committees: Fellows Nomination Committee and Nomination Committee.
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Professor, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering DepartmentDirector of the Colorado Center for Advanced CeramicsColorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado
Candidate statementI am honored to be a candi-
date for the Board of Directors of The American Ceramic Society. During my Society membership for the past 25 years, I have experienced a range of involvement that includes student membership, divisional participation and meeting and confer-ence organization. I have gotten to know the Society staff, many of my comembers as well as the past and present leaders. As a listener and consen-sus builder, I will use this experience to do the best job in shaping the Society to the desired form of what the members want.
There have been many positive changes with-in ACerS in the past few years, including new executive leadership and new energy at the vol-unteer level that has created a society more adap-
tive to change and much better at responding to all the members. I interact with a large cross section of members and will do my best to bring the diverse needs to the decision-making process. With the growth of many new societies, the competition for membership and participation in technical meetings has grown significantly in the past decade. It is important to keep continually asking what the members want, and to keep in place a moldable system that responds.
As a Board member, I will do my best to represent your needs and do what is best for the Society to keep serving those needs, even as they may change. This includes an emphasis that is global, excites students and includes input from industry, national laboratories and academia.
BiographyReimanis earned his B.S. degree from Cornell
University and his M.S. from the University of California at Berkeley. He earned his Ph.D. in Materials Engineering in 1990 at the University of California at Santa Barbara. He was a post-doctoral fellow at the Max-Planck-Institut-für Metallforschung in Stuttgart from 1990 to 1992 and then at Los Alamos National Laboratory from 1992 to 1993.
Prior to his academic career, Reimanis worked at IBM at Yorktown Heights (1984 and 1986) and at Los Alamos National Laboratory as a Technical Staff Member (1993–1994) on a wide variety of ceramics-related projects, includ-ing armor and very high temperature ceramics. Reimanis joined the faculty in the Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department at the Colorado School of Mines in 1994 where he is now Full Professor and serves as Director of the Colorado Center for Advanced Ceramics. Reimanis was a Gledden Visiting Senior Fellow in 2002 at University of Western Australia. In 2007, Reimanis was awarded a U.S. Fulbright for Bangalore, India, at the Indian Institute of Science where he spent half an academic year with his family.
Reimanis has authored or coauthored about 100 technical papers, holds two patents and has coedited several conference proceedings. His primary fields of research include mechanical
Vijay Jain
Director candidates
Richard K. Brow, continued from page 7Curators’ Professor of Ceramic Engineering, University of Missouri-
Rolla, 2005–presentProfessor of Ceramic Engineering, University of Missouri-Rolla,
1998–2004Member of the Technical Staff, Sandia National Labs, Albuquerque,
N.M., 1985–1997My research interests are centered on aspects of glass chemistry and
physics, particularly on understanding composition–structure–property relationships for a variety of glass-forming systems. This research has gen-erated, to date, about 120 peer-reviewed articles in archival journals, 50 conference proceedings and book chapters, and 11 U.S. patents; Gottardi Prize from the International Commission on Glass, for “outstanding contributions to the field of glass science” (1996); named “Fellow” of the Society of Glass Technology’ in 2005; delivered the Scholes Lecture “for
significant contributions to the field of glass science” at Alfred University in 2008; received the Presidential Award for Research and Creativity from the University of Missouri in 2010; several “outstanding teaching awards” at Missouri S&T; member of the coordinating technical commit-tee of the International Commission on Glass (2007–present).
Affiliated with the Glass & Optical Materials Division of ACerS; past chair of the division (2002–2003) and member of the execu-tive committee (1996–2004); former member of the ACerS Board of Directors (2006–2009); past associate editor of the Journal (1997–2002) and current associate editor of IJAGS (2009–present); past chair and counselor of the New Mexico Section of ACerS; 1993 recipient of the Karl Schwartzwalder Professional Achievement in Ceramic Engineering Award from ACerS, awarded annually to “the nation’s outstanding young ceramic engineer”; 2004 recipient of the George W. Morey Award for “new and original work in the field of glass science and technology” from the GOMD; elevated to ACerS Fellow in 1997.
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9American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
behavior of ceramics, but in the past decade he has diversified his research to include synthesis and processing of transparent ceramics. He cur-rently has a diverse research portfolio sponsored by industrial and federal sources.
Reimanis is currently a member of the Basic Science Division, the Engineering Ceramics Division, and the Glass and Optical Materials Division. In 2006–2007, he served as Chair of the Basic Science Division. Reimanis is now finishing his multiyear term on the Subcommittee on Meetings, which he now chairs along with the MS&T11 Programming Coordinating Committee. He also serves on the Strategic Planning and Emerging Opportunities Committee. He is an associate editor for the Journal of the American Ceramic Society.
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––President, Du-Co Ceramics CompanySaxonburg, Pa.
Candidate statementLora has experience serving
on the Board of The American Ceramic Society as Treasurer from 2004 to 2006 as well as ser-vice on various boards for profit
and nonprofit organizations over the years. Lora has extensive business and leadership experience and a propensity for being an active participant who does not hesitate to voice her opinion.
During her leadership years at Du-Co Ceramics Company there have been many chang-es affecting U.S. manufacturers making it neces-sary for her to recognize them, and to develop and implement strategies to maintain a leadership position. In 2008 Du-Co shipped more than 200 million custom-made ceramic components to more than 650 worldwide customers from two plants located in the United States. We attribute success to our commitment to being the best at what we do, willingness to adjust ourselves to a changing world and treating our customers and employees with respect and integrity.
Lora believes ACerS is no exception to the reality that all organizations need to constantly assess and adjust their business plan if they want to remain viable. Lora believes the Board of ACerS needs to embrace the development of strategies for future services and products while retaining important traditions. She believes that any job worth doing is worth doing well and, if elected to the ACerS Board of Directors, would be fully engaged in the responsibilities of a board member.
BiographyLora Cooper Saiber is President of Du-Co
Ceramics Company, a manufacturer serving a wide variety of global customers by producing engineered parts from various ceramic materi-als. Lora has overseen the operation of Du-Co facilities located in Saxonburg, Pa., since 1990 and Monroe, N.C., since its acquisition from SCI Inc. in 2007. Lora also manages Cooper
Station Restaurant and the Cooper Charitable Foundation.
Lora’s intention was to pursue a career in accounting after graduation from the University of Pittsburgh in 1974, and she worked for Sauer, Ahlquist & Associates in Pittsburgh, Pa., and O. David Fischer in Morristown, N.J., until 1977 when her penchant for self employment led her and a partner to open for business in Morristown, N.J. She accepted the position of Controller at Du-Co in 1980 and served on the Board of Directors as treasurer from 1983 through 2007. Lora accepted the position of General Manager in 1991 and was promoted to President in 2007.
Lora has served as Treasurer of The American Ceramic Society (2006–2008) as well as trea-surer (1990’s) and president (2004–2006) of the American Association of Ceramic Component Manufacturers. She also was treasurer of her daughter’s high school cheerleading parent organization, which was by far her hardest assignment! Du-Co is an Engineering Division ACerS corporate member. Lora served on the board of Catalyst Connection (Pittsburgh, Pa.) for six years as well as on the boards of numer-ous community organizations and foundations. Having been a member of the 1980 Women’s Olympic Luge team, Lora remains a member of the Olympic Sixth Ring and has been a speaker
at various youth events over the years. She is a supporter of various youth programs, including Pennsylvania Special Olympics, Pennsylvania Free Enterprise Week and the ACerS President’s Council of Student Advisors. Lora was an invited speaker on behalf of AACCM at the 1st International Congress on Ceramics and a keynote speaker for Pennsylvania Free Enterprise Week. n
Call for book authorsACerS is seeking new authors or vol-
ume editors for textbooks, handbooks and reference books on ceramics and ceramics-related topics.
Examples of book topics include oxides, non-oxides, composites; envi-ronmental and energy issues; fuel cells; ceramic armor; nanotechnology; glass and optical materials; electronic/func-tional ceramic technology and applica-tions; advanced ceramic materials; bio-ceramics; ceramic engineering, manu-facturing, processing and usage; ceramic
Lora Cooper Saiber
10 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
acers spotlight
design and properties; and health and safety issues. Authors and editors of new, original books receive royalties on worldwide sales of their books, while editors of proceedings volumes receive complimentary copies of their books.
If you are an interested author or editor, or simply have an idea that you wish to share, please contact Anita Lekhwani at [email protected] or Greg Geiger at [email protected] n
Nominations open for Mueller, Bridge Building awards
The Engineering Ceramics Division invites nominations for its James I. Mueller and Bridge Building Awards. The deadline for submitting nomina-tions for both awards is July 15, 2011.
The James I. Mueller Award is given
in honor of the enormous contributions its namesake made to the division and to the field of engineering ceramics. The award recognizes the accomplish-ments of individuals who have made similar contributions. The main crite-ria used in selecting the recipient are long-term service to ECD, and work in the area of engineering ceramics that has resulted in significant industrial, national or academic impact. The award consists of a memorial plaque, certificate, and an honorarium of $1000. Visit http://bit.ly/jEsG9T for more information.
The Bridge Building Award recog-nizes individuals outside of the United States who have made outstanding contributions to engineering ceram-ics. The main criteria used in selecting the recipient are contributions to the
field of engineering ceramics, including expansion of the knowledge base and commercial use thereof, and contribu-tions to the visibility of the field and international advocacy. The award consists of a plaque, certificate, and an honorarium of $1000. Visit http://bit.ly/lUswIv for more information on sub-mitting a nomination. n
2011 BSD Secretary nominees named
Two ACerS members, Wayne D. Kaplan and Eduardo Saiz, have been nominated to serve as the 2011 Secretary for the Basic Science Division. All members of BSD are eli-gible to vote in the upcoming election that runs from June 17th through July 16th.
Kaplan is professor and dean in the Department of Materials Engineering at Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa Israel.
Saiz is professor and chair in Structural Ceramics in the Department of Materials at Imperial College, London, U.K.
All division members will be receiv-ing mailed ballots and can also vote online if preferred, and all are urged to review the candidates’ biographies and statements posted on the BSD webpage before voting.
Visit www.ceramics.org/divisions/basic-science-division. n
In Memoriam
Roy W. Rice Gunter Hermann
Some detailed obituaries also can be found on the ACerS website, www.ceramics.org/in-memoriam
TARGET YOUR SEARCH.POST JOBS FOR FREE.
careers.ceramics.org
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11American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
ICG awards 2011 Gottardi Prize to Mauro; Turner Award to Conradt
During the opening session of the International Commission on Glass annual meet-ing in Shenzhen, China, the com-mission leaders pre-sented the group’s Gottardi Prize to John Mauro of Corning Inc., and its Turner Award to Reinhard Conradt of Sheffield University, U.K.
The prize Mauro received, initiated in 1987 in memory of former ICG president Vittorio Gottardi, is awarded annually to young people with outstanding achieve-ments in the field of glass in research and development, teach-ing, writing, management or commerce.
Mauro, born in Hornell, N.Y., obtained his bachelor’s degree in 2001 and his Ph.D. in glass engineering at Alfred University in 2006. He has been a research associate in Corning’s Science and Technology Division since 2001.
In presenting the award, the ICG stated that Mauro “has established himself as one of the world’s leading authorities on the relaxation behavior of glass-forming melts and the phenom-enology associated with the supercooled liquid state and the glass transition.”
ICG inaugurated the Turner Award in 2002 in memory of W.E.S. Turner, its first president and founder of the Department of Glass Technology at Sheffield University. It is presented annual to an individual who has made a noteworthy contribution to the ICG Technical Committees.
Awardee Conradt received his diploma in physics and a Ph.D. in physical chemistry, and a habilitation at the RWTH Aachen University, Germany. Since 1997, he has been a pro-
fessor of glass and ceramic composites at Sheffield. The German Society of Glass Technology honored him with its 1986 Industry and Award its 2001 Otto Schott Research Award “for his conception of a highly versatile approach to thermody-namic modeling of oxide melts and glass based on constitutional relations of equilib-rium phases and for the pioneering results
people in the spotlight
John Mauro and ICG President Fabio Nicoletti during the presentation of the Gottardi Prize.
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people in the spotlight
achieved by this approach in the evalu-ation of physical and chemical proper-ties, particularly chemical resistance, of technical multi-component glass.”
Conradt serves as a member of the “Glass Melting” Technical Committee (TC18) and as chairman of the “Education and Training” Technical Committee (TC23). n
Messing selected for Orton Award, Lecture
The Society’s Edward Orton Jr. Memorial Lecture Award Committee recently announced that it has selected Gary Messing as its 2011 Orton Lecture awardee.
This award began in 1933 and recipi-ents are honored for their scholarly attainments in ceramics or related field. Messing is a Distinguished Professor of Ceramic Science and Engineering in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Pennsylvania State University. He also leads the Messing Research Group at Penn State, which focuses on sintering and engineered microstructures.
Messing received his B.S. in ceramic engineering at Alfred University and his Ph.D. in Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Florida. He was a founding direc-tor of the NSF Industry/University Cooperative Research Center on Particulate Materials and became director of the Materials Research Laboratory in 1997.
An ACerS Fellow and past president of the Society, Messing is currently editor-in-chief of the Journal of Materials Research. He has published more than 250 papers and coedited 13 books on solution synthesis, phase transformations, processing-microstructure relations, sin-tering and templated grain growth.
As part of the award, Messing will be giving an honorary lecture Oct. 18, 1–2
p.m., as part of ACerS Annual Meeting events that will run concurrently with Materials Science & Technology 2011 Conference and Exhibition in Columbus, Ohio. n
AAAS elevates Singh to FellowAmerican
Association for the Advancement of Science announced that Mrityunjay Singh, chief scientist of Ohio Aerospace Institute, NASA
Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio, has been made a Fellow of the organization.
Each year the AAAS council elects members whose “efforts on behalf of the advancement of science or its applications are scientifically or socially distinguished.”
AAAS is the world’s largest scien-tific society and the honor of Fellow of AAAS began in 1874.
Singh was honored for his pioneering and seminal contributions and global leadership in the field of science, engi-neering and applications of advanced ceramic and composite materials and technologies.”
Singh is a member of the Board of Governors of Acta Materialia Inc. and Academician of the World Academy of Ceramics, Italy. He is a Fellow of The American Ceramic Society, ASM International and the Institute of Mining, Minerals and Materials (U.K.). He is the recipient of more than 40 national and international awards, including four R&D 100 awards, FLC Technology Transfer Award, NASA Public Service Medal, NASA Silver Snoopy Award, Ishikawa International Carbon Prize, Japan Fine Ceramics Association International Prize and Gottfried Wagner Memorial Award from Japan, International Award from the European Ceramic Society and the Jacques-Lucas Award from ASM International.
Singh has been honored several times by ACerS, including the Society’s President, Richard M. Fulrath, Samuel Geijsbeek and James I. Mueller Awards.
He has edited/coedited 42 books and journal volumes, nine book chapters and published more than 235 papers in journals and proceedings. He currently serves on the advisory boards and com-mittees of more than a dozen highly respected international journals and technical publications. n
Nychka gains APEGGA education award
The Association of Professional Engineers, Geologists and Geophysicists of Alberta announced that it has bestowed its Excellence in
Education Award to John A. Nychka. Nychka is a professor in the
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering at the University of Alberta (Can.). He won the award “for exemplary contributions to teaching and learning.”
APEGGA says Nychka is “a leader in initiatives to improve the quality of undergraduate teaching. He exudes a passion for teaching and his innova-tive use of props and demonstrations strengthens his student’s understand-ing of materials science. His trademark ‘What’s in the box?’ demonstrations range from freezing rubber ducks to breaking guitar strings and are always sure to capture student interest through the explanation of difficult concepts in meaningful ways.
Nychka’s accolade was one of nine Summit Awards APEGGA presents annually to recognize excellence across a broad range of engineering and geo-science endeavors, particularly to those who have a significant positive impact upon Alberta. n
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Two advanced-engineered ceramic coatings provide better resistance to volcanic ash
The recent anniversary of the eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano in Iceland underlines the importance of the work by a group of researchers at Ohio State University, led by ACerS member Nitin Padture. The group says that two types of specially engineered ceramic coatings for turbine engines can withstand, within limits, some of the highly dam-aging spalling effects volcanic ash can have on hot jet engines.
Last year, air flight was curtailed as the plume of volcanic ash spread eastward toward Europe and then nearly as far south as the Iberian Peninsula before it started swirling back to the west, creating a widespread three-dimensional smear of ash clouds across many of the most active routes used by airlines and military aircraft.
Although at one point NBC was reporting that the airlines might be losing $200 million daily because of the disruptions in the European airspace, the New York Times reported that the European Union’s estimates of the total economic loss was closer to $1 to $2 billion. This does not include the costs of disruptions to various governmental and military activities.
Padture says that although much research has been done and knowledge gained about the effects of sand on turbine surfaces, the same hasn’t been true for effects of ash. Although both con-tain large amounts of silica and can be damaging, the two can act very differently. Also, while atmospheric sand is more per-vasive, it usually is found in lower concentrations than volcanic ash (in terms of milligrams per cubic meter).
One problem is that the science of measuring the amounts
ceramics in the environment
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Photograph of the Eyjafjallajökull ash cloud. OSU researchers have discovered that a new class of ceramic coatings could offer jet engines special protection against volcanic ash damage in the future.
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14 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
ceramics in the environment
of ash in the air is inexact, leading atmospheric researchers to lean heavily toward warnings issuing cautions when confronted with uncertainties in their data.
The desire to avoid the ash is under-standable. Ceramic engineers have developed thermal barrier coatings that are designed to protect the metallic turbine blades and interior surfaces from temperatures that can reach 1200°C. But ash can melt at these temperatures (the group says the Eyjafjallajökull ash melted around 1160°C) and, if ingested, can turn molten and adhere to the TBCs. Commonly, a yttrium-stabilized zirconia composition is used as a TBC, but the YSZ isn’t tough enough to stand up to the ash.
In a paper published in Advanced Materials (doi:10.1002/adma.201004783), Padture’s group warns, “This can result in a buildup of a molten-glass deposit that penetrates into the TBCs, causing them to spall-off, exposing the bare metal to danger-ously hot gases. In extreme cases where
the ash concentra-tion is very high, catastrophic engine failure can occur. …Thus, there is a growing need to build protective measures within modern jet engines against damage from a broad range of undesirable sili-cate deposits.”
The OSU researchers looked at the strain tol-erance of two particular ceramic coatings (applied via air plasma spray) to test their resistance to ash. One is a gadolinium zirconate-based coating (Gd2Zr2O7),
which Padture says is already commer-cialized and being used in some Pratt & Whitney engines. The other is a new zirconia–alumina coating developed by Padture.
In brief, the group prepared coated-metal samples of each and then used a furnace to see how they withstood exposure to ash samples for 24 hours at 1200°C in an air atmosphere. They then used electron microscopy to study cross sections of the materials.
With the Gd2Zr2O7 TBC, the group found by looking at the EM images that the molten ash reacts with the coating to form a stable, apatite-type solid that pre-vents all but the initial penetration of the ash, and thus provides a margin of safety.
Padture’s new composition showed similar positive results. His coating – YSZ additionally containing Al2O3 and TiO2 – reacts with the ash to from a layer of anorthite, which also is imper-vious and prevents further penetration of the molten ash.
One of the researchers, doctoral stu-dent Andy Gledhill, explains in a news
release that stopping the penetration of the molten ash is all about keeping the majority of the pores in the TBC open. ”The chemical reaction arrests the penetration of the ash into the coat-ings,” Gledhill says. “The unaffected pores allow the coating to expand and contract” and adjust to temperature changes.
The paper’s first author, Julie Drexler, says that the need for new coatings is in part driven by airborne contaminants, such as ash or sand, but she notes that the larger picture is that turbines – for flight and energy-gener-ation applications – are being pushed to higher operating temperatures. “We can get greater efficiencies at higher temperatures, and, at higher tempera-tures, standard TBCs will probably not be sufficient to protect metal compo-nents because ash and sand damage will increase,” says Drexler. “And, some of the new energy-related turbines will be exposed to fly ash and may also be less expensive to operate if they can run on less-than-pure syngas.”
The groups says the next step is to test the coatings in a new high-temper-ature component-testing rig to see how they withstand repeated thermal cycles, letting the material cool between blasts of heat, a pattern that more closely resembles the temperature stresses tur-bines face in real service.
“This study’s not going to solve all the problems of ash clouds and jet engines, but we are making progress, and we’ve learned a lot about the phys-ics of the situation,” Padture says.
He says that is good to learn that the Gd2Zr2O7 TBC provides significantly more resistance to ash than ordinary YSZ coatings, but notes that these engines are used only on some aviation routes. And as for his new coating, he notes that the United States military is interested in his work and helping to fund some of the research. This support may ultimately lead to broader com-mercial use of the YSZ+Al2O3 + TiO2 coating. n
Scanning electron microscope images (left) and correspond-ing maps of silicate ash penetration (right) for two materials used in the study. The cross sections show what happened when the typical coating (top) and the gadolinium zirconate coating (bottom) interacted with Eyjafjallajökull ash at high temperature.
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Become an ACerS Associate Member After Graduation!
Are You Graduating Soon and Wondering What To Do?
Sign up for a FREE year of membership in The American Ceramic Society!ACerS can help you succeed by offering you a FREE Associate Membership for the fi rst year following gradu-ation. By becoming an ACerS Associate Member, you’ll have access to valuable resources that will benefi t you now and throughout your career.
To join, contact Tricia Nicol, ACerS Membership Services Staff, at [email protected] more information, visit www.ceramics.org/associate.
• Young Professionals Network: includes resources for early career professionals, plus the chance to rub elbows with some of the most accomplished people in the fi eld
• Employment Services
• Online Membership Directory
• Networking Opportunities
• Free Online Access to the Journal of the American Ceramic Society (searchable back to 1918), the Interna- tional Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology and the
International Journal of Applied Glass Science
• Bulletin, the monthly membership publication
• ceramicSOURCE, Company Directory and Buyers’ Guide
• Discounted registration at all ACerS meetings and discounts on all publications
• Ceramic Tech Today: ACerS ceramic materials, applica- tions and business blog
• Ceramic Knowledge Center: includes a growing video gallery covering ceramic materials, applications, emerging technologies and people
With your complimentary membership, you will receive:
16 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
advances in nanomaterials
Good news, Moore’s Law: You are still not extinct. A group of research-ers recently announced the develop-ment of a single-electron transistor that is said to be the first of its type made entirely of oxide-based materi-als. Named SketchSET, the transistor device demonstrates an approach to making erasable electronics that require about one-thousandth the area used in Intel Pentium processors (i.e., at the 45 nanometer production node). Moreover, one of the researchers says it could lead to self-contained devices that can create, as needed, their own transistors as well as other electronic components and circuitry.
A news release from University of Pittsburgh describes the transistor as consisting of an island formation that can house up to two electrons. Accord-ing to the release, “the number of electrons on the island, which can be only zero, one or two, results in distinct conductive properties. Wires extend-ing from the transistor carry additional electrons across the island.”
This research, published in Nature Nanotechnology (doi:10.1038/nnano.2011.56), reports that the tran-sistor’s central component, an “island” only 1.5 nanometers in diameter, oper-ates with the addition of only one or two electrons. That capability would make the transistor important to a range of computational applications, from “ultradense nonvolatile memo-ries, nanoscale hybrid piezoelectric and charge sensors as well as building blocks in quantum information processing and simulation platforms.”
According to the Pitt release, the tiny central island also could be used as an “artificial atom” for developing new classes of artificial electronic materials, such as exotic superconductors with properties not found in natural materials.
The lead researcher, Jeremy Levy, is a professor of physics and astronomy at the University of Pittsburgh and a member of The American Ceramic Society. Other institutions involved
in the research include Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron, Brazil; Instituto de Física ‘Gleb Wataghin’, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Brazil; University of Wisconsin–Madison’s Department of Materials Science and Engineering; and Hewlett Packard Laboratories.
Short for “sketch-based single-elec-tron transistor,” SketchSET’s name was reportedly coined by Levy because the technique works like a microscopic Etch A Sketch, the drawing toy of Levy’s youth that inspired his idea. The tech-nique was originally developed in 2008.
Levy’s group leverages the proper-ties they find at the interface between a crystal of strontium titanate and a 1.2- nanometer layer of lanthanum alumi-nate. Using the conducting probe of an atomic force microscope, they can pre-cisely and reversibly toggle the metal–conductor transition in desired regions at the SrTiO3–LaAlO3 interface. They then use these techniques to create wires and transistors of nanometer dimensions. Explicit in this is another important characteristic: These electronic devices then can be “erased,” and the interface can be used again.
This work could represent a dis-ruptive technology, in terms of how electronic devices are fabricated. Levy says in a brief video on this topic (see below) that this work technology could
create a stark alternative to the cur-rent chip fabrication systems. He says instead of enormous chip fab plants, “In principle, what we are doing can be scaled down to the size of the object in which that system we create – the transistor system – would reside. So, in fact, you might imagine putting all the capabilities required to create these structures within the object, itself, something on the size of an (Apple) iPod Nano.”
The group’s research is supported in part by grants from DARPA, the Army Research Office, NSF and the Fine Foundation.
In addition to this research, Levy also is leading a $7.5 million, multi-institutional project to construct a semiconductor with properties similar to SketchSET. This five-year project is intended to overcome some of the most significant challenges related to the development of quantum informa-tion technology. Levy is working on this project with researchers from Cor-nell University, Stanford University, University of Michigan, University of Wisconsin–Madison and University of California, Santa Barbara. This project began in August 2010 and is funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research’s Multi-University Research Initiative.
Visit: http://epsilon.phyast.pitt.edu n
Super-small erasable SketchSET transistor, ‘artificial atom’ could lead to super-big payoff
An atomic-scale depiction of the SketchSET shows three wires (green bars) converging on the central island (center green area), which can house up to two electrons. Electrons tunnel from one wire to another through the island. Conditions on the third wire can result in distinct conductive properties.
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36TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION ON
ADVANCED CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES
January 22-27, 2012Hosted at Hilton Daytona Beach Resort and Ocean CenterDaytona Beach Florida, USA
Organized by The American Ceramic Society and The American Ceramic Society’s Engineering Ceramics Division
www.ceramics.org/daytona2012
Call for Papers Abstracts Due July 20, 2011
18 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
ceramics in energy
At least two companies based in the United States are getting into the market for microhybrid vehicles. Microhybrid vehicles are designed around relatively simple electric genera-tion and storage technology focused on brake–acceleration, start–stop cycles.
The first Axion Power International. Reuters news service recently ran a story about how Axion intends to dou-ble its New Castle, Pa., plant to make a special lead-based battery for the micro-hybrid market.
Axion, according to this news account, will be able to produce one million batteries per year using what it calls a “multicelled asymmetri-cally supercapacitive lead–acid–carbon hybrid battery.” Axion says this battery uses a proprietary five-layer (a carbon electrode, a corrosion barrier, a current collector, a second corrosion barrier and a second carbon electrode) cathode assembly.
The company, in business since 2003, is targeting car makers who cater to the European auto market. According to the Reuters story, interest in Axion batteries didn’t take off until the European Union passed regulations requiring that, beginning next year, 65 percent of new cars must achieve an average fuel economy of 42 miles per gallon, and that percentage and MPG climbs sharply each subsequent year.
Axion says it has been in talks with BMW and other car makers. Nearly every European car manufacturer has a microhybrid model on sale (there are none currently for sale in the U.S.). CEO Thomas Granville told Reuters that the company has added chem-ists, engineers and others, plus has been installing a robotic assembly line. Axion also is interested in working with some of the big lead–acid battery makers, saying on its website that its electrode system could easily be adapted to traditional battery assembly lines.
Another battery maker eyeing the microhybrid market is A123 Systems.
A story on the Green Car Congress website reports that A123 is offering to microhybrid makers its 12-volt AMP20 Prismatic Pouch Cell, originally designed for PHEV and EV applica-tions. A123 Systems company officials say this Li-ion battery will outperform absorbed glass mat lead batteries (in use by some microhybrid makers) in the areas of charge acceptance, lower alternator loads, better fuel economy, weight and lifetime.
The GCC story goes on to report that the company originally got pulled into offering a 12-volt product for a somewhat esoteric space in the battery market called “Starting, Lighting and Ignition” storage. However, the com-pany says it is working with at least one major-but-unnamed OEM on a micro-hybrid system.
The Reuters story on A123 Systems quotes Jeff Kessen, vice president of automotive marketing and communica-tions, as saying, “In the microhybrid space in particular, we have five cus-tomers that we’re currently working with, and one of those has already awarded us a production contract. … Most auto manufacturers are looking
at start–stop technology because it is arguably the most evolutionary in change from today’s technology and is the easiest to integrate. It doesn’t take long to engineer the vehicles, and they can take another step toward their fuel economy targets with comparatively modest investments.”
Microhybrids reportedly boost fuel economy by 15 to 25 percent. The compelling argument for microhybrids versus PHEVs seems to be the lower initial investment for car buyers com-pared with a PHEV and that, appar-ently, the systems can even be retrofit-ted to regular and even existing hybrids to provide significant fuel savings. Plus, conceptually, it might make more sense as a transitional technology until there is enough demand and incentives to flesh out the infrastructure for PHEVs.
The attitude toward microhybrids among U.S. car makers may be chang-ing. For example, it appears that manu-facturers, such as Ford, believe it isn’t very difficult to integrate this “milder” version of hybrid technology into their entire product and marketing strategy. n
Some U.S. battery companies responding to microhybrid demand
Peugeot 308 e-HDi microhybrid, just put on the European market.
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1 e-Booster1a Energy convertor1b Supercapacitor2 Battery3 Start & stop controller4 Reversible alternator5 HDi engine
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Energy storage is a growing concern in an ever-increasing battery-driven society. Batteries power everything from cell phones to computers to medical devices. Development of safer, smaller and longer-lasting batteries is in demand. Ion-conducting glasses are an important type of solid electrolytes that could be used to answer this need.
Unfortunately, many known ion-conducting glasses, such as binary lithium oxide glasses with conductivities in the 10–7 to 10–8 siemens per centimeter range, are not conductive enough for practical use.1 If ion-conducting glasses are to be used as commercial solid electrolytes, we must find a method of increasing the ionic conductivity of these glasses.
According to Deshpande,2 there are four methods of increasing ionic con-ductivity: increased modifier content; rapid quenching; salt addition; and use of mixed glass formers.
Alkali mixed glass-former glasses, such as Bi2O3 + B2O3 + LiO2 and Li2S + SiS2 + GeS2, exhibit increased alkali-ion conductivity up to two orders of magnitude. However, we are uncertain of the cause of this increase.3,4 This phenomenum is known as the mixed glass-former effect and is defined by a nonlinear, nonadditive change in ionic conductivity. Although MGFE has been reported in the literature, researchers have not found it to be universal in all MGF glasses. To the extent it has been
observed, it is seen as hav-ing negative or positive effects.5–8 However, the effect of decreased con-ductivity with increased modifier is observed when the amount of modifier is varied.
To engineer higher ion-conducting glasses by MGFE, we must find the cause of the effect. There-fore, we have undertaken a comprehensive study of the physical properties, struc-ture and effect of composi-tion on MGF glasses over multiple glass systems. This study attempts to determine the cause of the MGFE, to what extent that cause is universal and the ion conduction meth-od of the MGF glasses.
ExplorationWe explored the link
between physical proper-ties, structure and compo-sition of yNa2O + (1 – y)(xB2O3 + (1 – x)P2O5) glasses, where y = 0.35, 0.5 and x = 0, 0.1, 0.2 …, to determine the cause of MGFE (Fig. 1). We held the amount of modifier constant to eliminate the possibility that increased conductivity is simply a function of increased numbers of charge carriers. We exchanged the glass formers on a 1:1 molar basis to eliminate the pos-sibility that increased conductivity is a function of increased or decreased num-ber of moles of glass former.
Because MGFE is observed in the ionic conductivity physical property, we also examined other physical properties, such as density and glass transition tem-perature, for a mixed glass-former effect.
We provided all glasses with com-parable thermal histories by annealing them at 40°C below the glass transition point for 0.5 hour and cooling at 2°C per minute to room temperature. We then checked all glasses for crystallinity using X-ray diffractometry.
The densities of yNa2O + (1 – y)(xB2O3 + (1 – x)P2O5) glasses, where y = 0.35, 0.5 (Fig. 2) show a positive nonlinear and nonadditive change as a function of changing glass former. The increase in density indicates a more
research briefs
Mixed glass-former effect in sodium borophosphate glassBy Randilynn Christensen, Jennifer Byer, Garrett Olson, Steve W. Martin and Xu Shu
Fig. 1 Diagram of the ternary Na2O + B2O3 + P2O5 glass system.
Fig. 2: Density of yNa2O + (1-y)[xB2O3 + (1-x)P2O5] glass. Dotted lines are linear guides for the eye. The open circle at y=0.5, x=1 is an extrapolated value from the literature.
Fig. 3 Molar volume of yNa2O + (1-y)[xB2O3 + (1-x)P2O5] glass. Dotted lines are linear guides for the eye.
Editor’s note: Iowa State University Ph.D. candidate Randilynn Christensen is the lead author of this paper, which won the Glass & Optical Materials Division’s Norbert J. Kreidl Award for Young Scholars. The Kreidl Award, given annually in recognition of excellence in research by a graduate student based on an extended abstract of a nomi-nees’s work, was presented to Christensen in May 2011 at the GOMD annual meeting in Savannah, Ga.
20 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
research briefs
tightly packed structural network and corresponds to a decrease in molar vol-ume (Fig. 3).
Properties evaluatedThe glass transition temperatures
(Fig. 4) also show a positive nonlinear and nonadditive change as a function of composition. The increased glass transition temperature implies a more connected network. The maximum deviation from linear in the glass transi-tion temperature and density for the y = 0.35 and y = 0.5 systems occurs at x = 0.4. The density and glass transition temperature show the expected decrease in MGFE with increased modifier.
As the glass structure became more dense and connected, we expected that the ionic mobility would decrease, lead-ing to a negative MGFE. However, we found the ionic conductivity to deviate
from linearity in a positive nonadditive manner with a corresponding negative deviation in activation energy (Fig. 5). As we saw in the glass transition temperature and density data, the maximum devia-tion from linear occurred at x = 0.4.
Structures predictedThe properties of a glass
are controlled by the struc-ture, which in turn is con-trolled by the composition of the glass. Therefore, we investigated the structures of the glasses to explain the changes in density, glass transition temperature and ionic conductivity.
The binary glasses Na2O + B2O3 and Na2O + P2O5 are well studied in the literature.9-11 We used the information on these glasses to identify and predict the structure of yNa2O + (1 – y)(xB2O3 + (1 – x)P2O5) glasses. The literature shows that structural units are pres-ent in Na2O + B2O3 and
Na2O + P2O5 glasses (Fig. 6).9,12-14 For the purpose of this paper, we did not consider boron super-structures.
The literature states that 35 percent sodium, 65 percent phosphate glass is composed of approximately 45 percent P3 units and approximately 55 per-cent P2 units. Sodium phosphate glass with 50 percent modifier, 0.5Na2O + 0.5P2O5, is composed only of P2 units. Sodium borate glass with 35 percent modifier, 0.35Na2O + 0.65B2O3, is composed of approximately 55 percent tetrahedral units and approximately 45 percent trigonal units. Borate glasses with 50 percent modifier, 0.5Na2O + 0.5B2O3, are composed of approximately 60 percent trigonal units and approxi-mately 40 percent tetrahedral units.
We used Raman spectroscopy to identify the structures present in all
glasses. Phosphorous is a much stronger Raman scatterer than boron. There-fore, the resulting spectra are not quantitative. The binary glasses in the 0.35Na2O + 0.65(xB2O3 + (1 – x)P2O5) glass system (Fig. 7(a)) show evidence of P3 units (approximately 1,300 per centimeter), P2 units (approximately 1,160 per centimeter) and B3 and B4 units (approximately 770 per centime-ter).5,9,14 When x is increased, the P3 and P2 peaks shift to lower wave num-bers, which indicates changes in the surrounding network. In addition, new peaks grow in at 970 per centimeter and 1,065 per centimeter, which indi-cates the presence of P1 and possible P—O—B bridging.
Glasses in the 0.5Na2O + 0.5(xB2O3 + (1 – x)P2O5) system show the expected P2 unit peaks (approximately 1,170 per centimeter) in the x = 0 glass (Fig. 7(b)). The binary sodium borate equivalent cannot be made. As with the y = 0.35 system, the phosphorous peaks shift down in wave number with increased x, which indicates changes in the surrounding network. Peaks grow at approximately 935 per centimeter and approximately 1,020 per centime-ter, which indicates the presence of P0 and P1 units, respectively. P1 units appear in y = 0.35 glass and P0 units appear in y = 0.5 glass, which suggests that the glass structure is not based on fixed Na:P and Na:B ratios. We used magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance to quantify the number of atomic units present in the glasses. 11B MAS-NMR showed strong boron
Fig. 5 Ionic d.c. conductivity (open sym-bols) and calculated activation energy (closed symbols) of the 0.35Na2O + 0.65[xB2O3 + (1-x)P2O5] glass system.
Fig. 4 Glass transition temperatures of yNa2O + (1-y)[xB2O3 + (1-x)P2O5] glass. Error bars are smaller than sym-bols. Dotted lines are linear guide for the eyes
Fig. 6 Structural units for sodium phosphate and sodium borate glasses. Structural units with a negative charge form ionic bonds with +Na ions to become neutral.
21American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
modification in the phosphorous-rich regions (x = 0, 0.1 ...) of the y = 0.35 and y = 0.5 systems (Figs. 8(a) and 8(b)).13,15,16 The B4 peak shows a shift to lower concentration with increased phosphorous content and the growth of a new peak. Because the Raman spectra indicate B—O—P bonding, we suggest
it is probable that B4 units bridging to phosphorous units are the cause of this peak (Figs. 9(a) and 9(b)).
Numerical modelsWe created simple numerical models
to better understand the results of the 11B MAS-NMR data. We used Eq. (1)
to calculate the number of tetrahedral boron in a binary alkali borate glass. The same equation works for the P2 unit of phosphorous. We used Eqs. (2) through (6) to approximate a ternary glass as a binary glass and its modified units.
In Model 1, we assume that the Na:B ratio is constant over changing compo-sition (Eq. (2)).
In Model 2, we assume that the Na:B ratio is not constant but that boron is modified first (Eq. (3)). Phosphorous is modified with the remaining sodium (Eq. (4)).
In Model 3, we assume that the Na:B ratio is not constant but that phospho-rous is modified first (Eq. (5)). Then boron is modified with the remaining sodium (Eq. (6)).
Fig. 7 Raman spectroscopy of a) 0.35Na2O + 0.65[xB2O3 + (1-x)P2O5] glasses and b) 0.5Na2O + 0.5[xB2O3 + (1-x)P2O5] glasses.
(a)
Fig. 9 11B MAS-NMR spectra of the B4 peak in a) 0.35Na2O + 0.65[xB2O3 + (1-x)P2O5] glasses. b) 0.5Na2O + 0.5[xB2O3 + (1-x)P2O5] glasses.
(a)
Fig. 10 Fraction of boron atomic units based on numerical models for0.35Na2O + 0.65[xB2O3 + (1-x)P2O5] glasses. a) Model 1. b) Model 2. c) Model 3.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(b)
Fig. 8 Fractions of boron atomic units as calculated from 11B MAS-NMR in a) 0.35Na2O + 0.65[xB2O3 + (1-x)P2O5] glasses. b) 0.5Na2O + 0.5[xB2O3 + (1-x)P2O5] glasses.
(a) (b)
(b)
22 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
Models 1, 2 and 3 are shown in Figs. 10(a), 10(b) and 10(c), respec-tively, for 0.35Na2O + 0.65(xB2O3 + (1 – x)P2O5) glasses. When we compare Fig. 8(a) with the models in Fig. 10, we conclude that the Na:B ratio does not remain constant. We therefore suggest that the minor-ity glass former is more heavily modified than the majority glass for-mer.
When we exam-ined the models of the 0.5Na2O + 0.5(xB2O3 + (1 – x)P2O5) system, we found them to be in agreement with the conclusions of the y = 0.35 system.
Although 31P MAS-NMR results are needed for a complete picture, Raman spectroscopy supports the idea that phosphorous is highly modified when it is a minority glass former.
We see the structural units P1 and P0 in the Raman spectra when phosphorous is the minority glass former in y = 0.35 and y = 0.5 glass, respectively.
MGRE observedWe observed MGFE in all of the
physical properties studied in yNa2O + (1 – y)(xB2O3 + (1 – x)P2O5) glasses, where y = 0.35, 0.5. All data indicate that changing structure causes the MGFE. The structure is based on a changing modifier to glass-former ratio, which causes the minority glass former to be more heavily modified than the majority glass former. How the changing structure corresponds to increased ionic conductivity requires further anaylsis. Further studies also are needed to ascer-tain the method of ion conduction.
References1C.H. Lee et al., Solid State Ionics, 149, 59–65 (2002).2V.K. Deshpande, Ionics, 10, 2026 (2004).3A. Pradel, N. Kuwata and M. Ribes, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 15, S1561–S1571 (2003).4A. Agarwal et al., J. Alloys Compd., 377, 225–31 (2004).5D. Zielniok, C. Cramer and H. Eckert, Chem. Mater., 19, 3162–70 (2007).6P. Kluvanek, R. Klement and M. Karacon, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 353, 2004–2007 (2007).7L.F. Maia and A.C.M. Rodrigues, Solid State Ionics, 168, 87–92 (2004).8A. Pradel et al., Chem. Mater., 10, 2162–66 (1998).9S.W. Martin, Eur. J. Solid State Inorg. Chem., 28, 163–205 (1991).10E.I. Kamitsos and G.D. Chryssikos, J. Mol. Struct., 247, 1–16 (1991).11B.N. Meera and J. Ramakrishna, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 159, 1–21 (1993).12E.I. Kamitsos, A.P. Patsis, M.A. Karakassides and G.D. Chryssikos, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 126, 52–67 (1990).13G.E. Jellison Jr. and P.J. Bray, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 29, 187–206 (1978).14E.I. Kamitsos and M.A. Karakassides, Phys. Chem. Glasses, 30, 19–26 (1989).15R.K. Brow, R.J. Kirkpatrick and G.L. Turner, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 116, 39–45 (1990).16W. Strojek and H. Eckert, Phys. Chem., 8, 2276–285 (2006). n
research briefs
Electronic Materials and Applications 2012
Abstracts Due August 3, 2011
DoubleTree by Hilton Orlando at Sea World® in Orlando, FL
January 18-20, 2012
www.ceramics.org/ema2012
23American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
c o v e r s t o r ybulletinStudents solving
real-world materials
science problems
T oday’s materials science students are getting more out of higher education
than what the classroom alone can offer them. From solving problems and developing ideas in industry to K–12 outreach, these stu-dents are taking their education to another level through community involvement.
Through student programs, such as Material Advantage, Keramos and ACerS President’s Council of Student Advisors (PCSA), students participate in outreach pro-grams to inspire the next generation. In Jaime George’s article, “Making outreach easy with portable demonstra-tion kits,” you’ll discover how a group of PCSA delegates developed a set of simple demonstrations that fit into an easy-to-carry case. Also, Tricia Nicol sums up a trip by Material Advantage students to Washington D.C., where they advocated to raise awareness and support for sci-ence, math and engineering at the Science–Engineering–Technology Congressional Visits Day.
It’s never too early to start making connections in industry. Erica Marden discusses some of the different ways undergraduate students collaborate with industries to solve real-world problems in “The value of undergraduate design courses.” And, in “Better sound through coopera-tion,” Salem Maud discusses how a group of Virginia Tech students is helping industry-partner Taylor Guitars design a glass-ceramic saddle. In addition, MSE students are help-ing to develop better ways to cure cancer, such as Penn State sophomore Stephen Weitzner and his research group working on the development of nanoscale drug delivery carriers for pancreatic cancer treatment. (Also, be sure to check out Randilynn Christensen’s Kreidl-Award-winning paper in Research Briefs, page 19.)
With the help of student groups and inspiring teach-ers, MSE undergraduates and graduates are stretching the boundaries of the classroom. Dedicated, hard-working students are making important connections in the work-ing world early in their college careers, and many of them also are doing their part to teach the next wave of students about their love of this fascinating field. n
By Kate Baldwin, editor
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23American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
24 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
Demonstrationkits
As materials scientists, we understand the
importance of outreach in our field. Outreach efforts introduce many middle and high school students to the concept of materials engi-neering and are crucial in recruiting students into the major. These outreach efforts are often conducted by cur-rent students within the field, usually in conjunction with Keramos and Material Advantage chapters.
One of the most effec-tive ways of reaching high school students (and actual-ly getting them to listen) is to allow them to participate in demonstrations of materi-als science. While this may be easy at a university set-ting where there are labora-tories and an abundance of potential demonstrations on hand, it is much harder to take these demonstrations on the road.
The President’s Council of Student Advisors decided to make outreach easier by creating a small, portable kit that would contain materials sci-
By Jaime George
Portable demo kits make outreach easyScientific exploration for younger learnersAt an age in life where recess is the favored class (with lunch-time a close second) and scientific myths about cooties run-ning rampant through the hallways, taking a less serious look at science is a great way to capture the attention of our future scientists. As a physics student at Willamette Univer-sity a small liberal arts college in Oregon, I was given the challenge of captivating the attention of 40 distracted eight-to ten-year-old kids for two hours every week through the Willamette Science Outreach Program. William Webber, who had a strong passion for community enrichment and civic duty, founded the WSOP program.
The WSOP program provides a one-year Webber Scholarship to four undergradu-ate women students in science and math programs at Willamette University. Each year, the four students visit a local elementary school to get them excited about science and give them a first glimpse at the scientific method. The main goal of this program is not to focus on one area of science, but to spark the inter-est of young learners toward scientific discovery and exploration. Each lesson is structured around the scientific method: ask a question; construct a hypothesis; test the hypothesis; and draw a conclusion. Thus, it is not the task that is critical, but rather the development of critical thinking.
My favorite example of this is the “Marshmallow Catapult,” in which the students learn about levers. There is nothing like flinging marshmallows across a room in the quest for optimum catapult construction to get kids excited. This combination of learning, play and individual exploration through a structured method keeps science fun and children engaged.
In the end, after more than a dozen days shared with these students, I am sure no one remembered that a shower uses 2.5 gallons of water a minute, that the jelly bean game was actually a demonstration of invasive species or why exactly it was that a pumice stone floats, but they took away a new way of looking at the world. They now know a different way to question the things that are going on around them. They found out that science is more than just a bunch of confusing facts to memorize and long tests. Many of the students even boasted of plans to become a scientist in the future, too. It is so important to remember that science is fun and hands-on and exciting – especially in the eyes of the youngest learners. n
– Kirsten Brookshire
Brookshire helps elementary school students develop inter-ests in science as part of her school’s outreach program.
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25American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
ence demonstrations intended for high schools. Ideally, the kit would include a variety of demonstrations for ceramics, polymers, metals and glass as well as detailed instructions on the execution of each of the demonstrations, scientific background on the principle or prop-erty shown and instructions on how to replace items from the kit as they are used. The materials would be either reusable or easy to replace locally, and the kit would be small – perhaps in a portable case that one person could carry. And finally, the kit would be as inexpensive as possible.
The first order of business to get this idea started was to decide what demonstrations the kit would con-tain. The PCSA delegates started to ask students from different materials science programs what outreach dem-onstrations they did and which ones were the most effective. The submis-sions were sorted by the property or principle that was demonstrated and the feasibility of including it in the kit. Eventually, the list was narrowed down to 10 demonstrations that would teach different principles. The concepts that the PCSA delegates decided would be represented in the kits are strength improvement of tempered glass; ability of refractory ceramics to protect against
heat; annealing of metals to remove dislocations; superconducting ceramics; piezoelectricity and applications; effect of material composition on properties; how glass fibers are made; how micro-structure affects mechanical properties; how temperature affects materials; and shape memory effect.
For each of the demonstrations, a list was compiled of what materials would be needed, and the hunt began to find the best place to purchase the items. The next step in implement-ing the plan was to find funding. With the generous help of The American Ceramic Society, the National Institute of Ceramic Engineers and several other donors, the PCSA’s efforts have come to fruition. A prototype of the demo kit has been successfully assembled and several more will be assembled soon. These initial demo kits will be distrib-uted to selected schools that are cho-sen from an application process. The schools will use the kits for a trial peri-od and provide feedback to the PCSA, who will make adjustments to the kit if necessary. Following the adjustment stage, the demo kits will be available for student groups or individuals to pur-chase at the cost of the materials.
One demonstration that will be included in the kit will demonstrate
how safety glass, which is used in car windows, has improved mechanical properties over standard sheet glass. Sheet of tempered glass and standard glass are covered in contact paper, which keeps the pieces intact after the glass is broken. For the purpose of the demonstration, the glass sheets can be suspended between two blocks of wood. Students can stand on the safety glass and will see that it doesn’t break. Next, a steel ball can be dropped onto both sheets of glass, and the students will see that the safety glass survives, while the unstrengthened glass breaks (Figure 1).
The outreach volunteers can explain the concept of compression and tension layers and how this leads to increased strength. Finally, tile nippers can be used to make a cut in one corner of the safety glass sheet and the entire piece will break into small pieces. Once again, the idea of tension and compres-sion can be used to explain the differ-ence in how the pieces broke. Students from Missouri University of Science and Technology performed this demon-stration to a group of other university students and faculty at the Materials Science and Technology conference (Figure 2).
These kits will be effective in help-ing with outreach efforts and can be enjoyed by students of all ages. The demo kits provide the opportunity to garner interest in science and engineer-ing, introduce students and teachers to the field of materials science and help with university recruitment efforts. For more information about the demon-stration kits, contact Cory Bomberger, ACerS PCSA chair, at cory.bomberger @gmail.com or by phone at 570-447-3469.
About the authorJaime George received her B.S. in
biomedical materials engineering sci-ence from the Kazuo Inamori School of Engineering at Alfred University. She is currently a second year Ph.D. student at Missouri S&T, where she works on bioactive borate glasses. She has been active in Material Advantage and Keramos since 2006 and is serving her third year as a PCSA delegate. n
Fig. 2 These students are participating in one of the demonstrations that will be includ-ed in the kit. The students are learning the strength of safety glass, which is thermally tempered, compared with the strength of glass that hasn’t been tempered.
Fig. 1 After using tile nippers to break the safety glass, students can see the difference between how strengthened glass (front) and unstrengthened glass (back) break.
26 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
I have been attending Alfred University as a
ceramic engineering student off and on from 2002 until now, and the atmosphere has been excitingly dynam-ic. I have fond memories of many professors, now either retired or in positions else-where, who have touched the lives of many current and soon-to-be profes-sionals. While it is nice to think about good memories of past professors, it also is important to look forward. All of the faculty members who have left the school of engineering have opened a door for fresh minds and new ideas to enter. Alfred University has provided new opportunities by hiring new faculty, including the addi-tion of associate professor Olivia Graeve.
As a student, I embrace the changes that are being made at Alfred University, and I am excited about the new possibilities that have been emerg-ing. I was very enthused to hear that Graeve was forming the Nanomaterials Processing Laboratory at Alfred in 2008. While I was finishing my M.S. degree, I approached Graeve and discussed my future goals with her. Since then she has been helping me facilitate these goals.
I have taken one of my gradu-
ate courses with Graeve and learned not only a few things about electron microscopy, but also that she is a com-petent teacher. She is prepared for each class, organized, provides adequate information with practical examples and makes students work hard (a recipe for a great academic environment).
I have been excited about Graeve’s research from the time she interviewed for a faculty position at Alfred. I had been developing my interest in ceramic processing and in non-oxide ceramics.
I wanted to take my interests further and study the processing of nano-non-oxides, and Graeve had the perfect project for me to accomplish this.
The Nanomaterials Processing Laboratory focuses on the design and fundamental understanding of synthesis and sintering processes that have the potential for delivering nanostructured materials. Graeve’s research group has experience with nanopowder synthesis techniques, including reverse micelle synthesis, combustion synthesis, solvo-thermal synthesis, precipitation meth-ods, high-energy milling and variations of these techniques to synthesize mate-
rials such as lutetium oxyorthosilicate, alumina, barium aluminum silicate, hydroxyapatite, carbides, borides, zir-conia, titania, zinc oxide, metals and amorphous metal alloys. Graeve also is interested in spark plasma sintering to consolidate these materials.
I highly respect Graeve’s efforts as an advisor. She is intimately involved in her projects. As a group, we meet on a weekly basis to discuss research progress. She also encourages regular meetings with our research committees. I think
all of this is to be expected from an advisor, but it is going beyond this that makes working with Graeve a unique and pleasurable experience for me.
More than anything else, I appreci-ate the opportunities that Graeve has created for me and the encouragement she has given me to pursue research beyond my thesis work. I lead multiple projects and assist with other projects (teamwork). I have the opportunity to participate in writing a book chapter with her and to submit a patent appli-cation. She has given me many presen-tation opportunities directed at several audiences, and she encourages me to
‘The times they are a-changing,’ and Olivia Graeve is helping to make it happenBy James P. Kelly
Influentialinstructors
Left to right (standing): James Kelly, Brandon Williams, Mike Saterlie, Raghunath Kanakala, Kate Glass, and Olivia Graeve (seated).
26 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
27American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
apply for and participate in unique opportunities. Graeve, along with her colleagues, is bringing a new and refresh-ing perspective to Alfred University, and I am glad to be a part of it.
About the authorJames P. Kelly received his B.S.
and M.S. degrees in ceramic engineer-ing from Alfred University, graduat-ing cum laude and with institutional honors. He is currently working on his Ph.D. in ceramic engineering at Alfred University. He is a member of Material Advantage, Materials Research Society, Keramos Ceramic Engineering
Fraternity, Tau Beta Pi National Honor Society and the Honor Society of Phi Kappa Phi. His current research inter-ests include the synthesis, processing, consolidation and characterization of non-oxide ceramics and composites. n
I first met Rick Ubic when I joined the Boise
State Center for Materials Characterization in 2007, shortly after he arrived in Boise from the University of London. With an exten-sive background in elec-tron microscopy, Ubic has helped shape my future in crystallography and crystal chemistry using the trans-mission electron micro-scope.
Before pursuing my undergraduate degree, I had worked for three years in the semiconductor industry in a TEM analysis laboratory . Having a TEM background made me a great candidate to work with Ubic’s research on struc-ture–property relationships in dielectric materials. I first started working on a project investigating the influence of calcium on Sr2MgTeO6 doubled perovskites in collaboration with Ubic’s colleagues in India and Germany. My introduction to this field was exciting because of the complex problem solving needed to determine crystal symmetry. Electron diffraction is an especially powerful tool for investigating oxygen octahedral tilt systems in complex perovskites and can be combined with other types of diffraction techniques to solve for a complete atomic model.
This work improved my understanding of TEM analysis, and my knowledge of X-ray and neutron diffraction tech-niques. Determining crystal structures of such complex perovskites can be challenging because of the potential for cation ordering, which is a function of differences in ionic size and charge, cation displacements, and octahedral tilting – all of which are functions of composition.
Following a methodical approach to analysis under Ubic’s guidance has given me a better understanding of crystal systems as well as an epistemo-logical process for tackling all research and determining what can and cannot be proven unambiguously. Coauthoring two papers with him also has given me great exposure to publication writing as a student and has helped me generally in my course assignments.
Ubic’s influence in the college has greatly added to the availability and use of all electron microscopy tools. He created and still teaches the intro-duction and advanced TEM classes, encouraging graduate and undergradu-ate students to understand and use
the TEM. He also has been an integral part in the development of the BSCMC. In the past four years he has acquired $654,000 in funding for the Center in sample preparation instruments and ana-lytical tools as well as external funding for two postdoctoral research associates and several graduate and under-
graduate students. His relationship with students is very open, and he is always happy to chat with them about topics academic and social in nature. His openness is most apparent when he meets with students for class ques-tions. From personal experience, I have always found him to be very helpful when answering questions, because he helps each student through a problem until they fully understand the process for obtaining a solution.
About the authorSteven Letourneau grew up in
Madison, Wisconsin, where his interest in science began. After obtaining an associate’s degree in electron microsco-py from a Madison-area technical col-lege, he worked at Micron Technology Inc., a semiconductor company based in Boise, Idaho. He left to pursue his B.S. in materials science and engineer-ing at Boise State University, where he was employed in the Boise State Center for Materials Characterization. He plans to start his graduate studies at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign this fall. n
A scientific adventure at Boise StateBy Steven Letourneau
Rick Ubic, left, with Letourneau.
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Influentialinstructors
28 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
A s a young student in pursuit of a career in
materials science, my first priority was to delve into the research that is propel-ling the field forward. The numerous opportunities at Penn State University made the decision of which group to join difficult, but in the end, I decided to get involved with a new pro-fessor on campus, Roman Engel-Herbert.
Engel-Herbert began pursuing a degree in physics at Friedrich-Schiller University in Jena, Germany. He completed his graduate studies at the Paul-Drude Institute for Solid State Electronics and later received his Ph.D. in semiconductor physics from Humboldt University in Berlin. After being titled visiting scientist at the University of Waterloo in Canada and doing postdoctoral work at the University of California Santa Barbara, Engel-Herbert ventured to Penn State to advance his career and, most pas-sionately, his research.
Engel-Herbert’s current research goal is to improve the quality of complex oxide thin films. Synthesizing complex oxides requires a level of quality com-parable with the production of silicon. The research efforts undertaken by material scientists in the electronic industry and academia have driven sili-con to its intrinsic property limits, and oxide thin films may be the next alter-native. Because the stoichiometry of oxide thin films has been improved and their defect concentrations reduced, they have become a viable option. However, many techniques used to make these oxide thin films are highly
energetic and result in too many defects to make practical use of the material. Engel-Herbert’s method to reduce the point defect concentrations combines the applications of molecular beam epi-taxy with metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. These low-energy deposi-tion techniques show potential and have led to a more controlled growth of oxide thin films.
The instruments necessary for this research are undoubtedly exciting, but they have not arrived yet! The con-struction on the new lab housing these precious tools will be com-pleted in August. Now a new challenge comes barreling down onto our new professor at Penn State – organizing and assembling a new lab. Most students do not have the opportunity to be a part of the development of a new lab, and I am very privileged to be involved in this unique process. The organization and labor necessary to handle this daunting task is intense, and hopefully, I can relieve some stress that will fall on Engel-Herbert’s shoulders.
In conjunction with this opportunity that Engel-Herbert has provided me, I also am taking his course in solid-state materials. This course focus-es on solid structures and the manipula-tion of their electronic properties. This is the first class of its kind that I have taken, and it has raised many questions that retain my curiosity.
The class is a challenge for Engel-Herbert’s students and for him as well. One of the biggest challenges he faces is teaching students with varying knowledge of the subject. Sophomores to seniors participate in the classroom, and engaging the entire class can prove difficult, especially when there is no previously established course material. After every class, students line up to ask questions ranging from the basics of the day’s lecture to the potential
outcomes of the material covered. When asked what rewards warranted the time put into teaching the course, he responded, “The progression of the students and their ‘Aha!’ moments dis-covering new information motivates me to teach.”
I can see that his motivation also stems from his enthusiasm, which was first unveiled to me when I asked to get involved. Our first meeting lasted three hours! The dedication he had to teach me from the beginning amazed me. I never thought a professor would invest
that much time into an undergrad, and I immediately knew why Penn State chose him for the job. The excitement he shares with his students attests to his passion in discovering new techniques and processes to share with the scien-tific community. He is an inspiration to his students, and hopefully one day, I can be as successful in sharing my expe-riences with those around me.
About the authorAndrew Paul is a second year under-
graduate student pursuing a B.S. in materials science and engineering at the Pennsylvania State University. His interest is in the field of ferromagnetic materials. n
Penn State professor inspires studentsBy Andrew Paul
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B eginning a graduate program can be, and
was certainly for me, a scary endeavor. A new level of academic performance is expected, and, in my case, another chal-lenge was added because I chose a field very different from my undergraduate program. This left me with a background and academic foundation not perfectly suited to the new course work. Because of this, having outstanding professors to guide me and help me along the way was critical for my success. One particular professor, Bill Warnes, stands out in my academic career for his ability to engage students at all levels, maintain a fun class dynamic in even the most mun-dane and tiresome classes and continue to be current with the demands and learning styles of today’s students.
At Oregon State University, many of the materials science courses are known as “slash” classes. This means that graduate and undergraduate students are placed in the same learning dynamic and must be challenged simultaneously, and yet separately, in every class period. For me, taking thermodynamics for the third time did not seem like an excit-ing addition to my already overloaded schedule for the term. With the pros-pect of sitting alongside undergraduates who would be seeing most of this mate-rial for the first time, thoughts of the never-ending two-hour lectures from my past flashed back to me. However, I was pleasantly surprised to find that this wouldn’t be the case at all.
By the end of the first lecture, I was excited to see more. I already had learned new things and had been shown them in new ways. As I glanced around the room, I was surprised to see a class-room of fully engaged students across all academic levels. Warnes’ ability to blend the foundation of thermodynam-ics with more challenging concepts and problems left few underwhelmed, or overwhelmed, and I was hooked.
Beyond a seamless ability to blend two levels of learning into one lec-ture period, making thermodynamics fun brought a new excitement to this course. Yes, I actually used thermody-namics and fun in the same sentence! I remember walking into that stuffy, dreary lecture hall in September, bright and early, for my very first graduate course. The Flanders and Swann song “First and Second Law” was playing in the background, already setting the tone for the rest of the quarter.
When I asked Bill how he managed to get students excited about thermo-dynamics, a course simply tossed off as a necessary evil by most engineering types, he replied, “I am always surprised to read in my teaching evaluations that many students have enjoyed the class. … I try to keep the tone light and inject some humor and be aware that, especially for undergraduates, my course is not the only course they are tak-ing and is probably not even the most important to them.”
This attitude toward teaching was refreshing, because many professors tend to feel their class is the only class worth anything at a school. By understanding that we all are busy and quite possibly not as excited about thermodynamics as he is, Warnes was able to focus on infor-mation we would be able to apply to our own research or academic pursuits.
Many professors who have been teaching as long as Warnes – since the Bronze Age, as he would put it – now seem out of touch. Many lose sight of the changing dynamic of the demands placed on current students and the new modes of learning that are most effective in today’s academic environment. As he put it, “the average student has a very different set of pressures to deal with than was common when I was a student. For instance, I see many more students with families of their own and ones working part-time.” Understanding new pressures and not teaching despite them, but rather understanding and working with them, ensures all students will take away knowledge from the course – not merely a passing grade. He is also cogni-zant of the new technologies available as
lecture enhancements in the classroom. He incorporates various levels of multi-media, from simple PowerPoint images and plots to in-class demonstrations of Mathematica as a problem-solving tool. However, Warnes has not overdone it. There is much to be said about chalk-board and chalk lecturing. This slower method of teaching has helped me to excel in his courses. I find myself getting lost in classes where the professors have gone too far into the world of technol-ogy, flashing slide after slide of equations and notes without giving me a moment to absorb and reflect on the new infor-mation. I feel Warnes is aware of all learning styles (visual, auditory and hands-on), and his lectures reflect his desire to engage across all of these.
I am happy to have had the oppor-tunity to sit in his classroom and to be taught, in my opinion, by one of the best. We can learn a great deal from those who walked before us. When asked what advice he would give me as a student and future educator he said, “To know that the best way to learn anything is to teach it. Your graduate degree has taught you how to think and how to learn. Don’t be afraid to make mistakes (and admit your mistakes). The biggest satisfaction comes from recognizing that the light bulb has turned on for a student, and knowing that you at least showed them where the switch was hiding in the dark.”
About the authorKirsten Brookshire is a graduate stu-
dent at Oregon State University in the materials science and engineering pro-gram. Her research is in unipolar fatigue of PZT on highly (100) textured LNO seed layers. She has a B.A. in physics from Willamette University in Salem, Oregon. n
Thermodynamics professor takes a refreshing approachBy Kirsten Brookshire
29American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
Brookshire, left, and Warnes.
30 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
Internationalexperience
I still remember my first few steps on American
soil and the first awkward situation that happened involving a difference in culture. Right after land-ing at Seattle International Airport, I was preparing to take part in the final ritual of any long flight and went about checking several stalls in the restroom. I noticed that they all had unusually high water levels, making me think that they might all be broken. At some point in my restroom reconnais-sance, I came to the realiza-tion that the normal toilet
water levels in the United States were simply higher than in Ukraine. This is just one example of the many innocuous differences that we do not expect when we move somewhere new.
Educational systems also reflect the culture of a place (although the comparison to toilet water levels is not meant to reflect my thoughts on educa-tion). And now, more than five years later, being in my “all-but-dissertation” status, it is much easier to compare the two educational systems and to provide insight to the various challenges that such a transition might impose on some international students. It also might help to better explain some cultural dif-ferences.
While undergraduate school in Ukraine has similarities to the U.S. undergraduate system, it has its share of differences as well. The Ukrainian higher education system is greatly inherited from the former Soviet
Union and consists of separate student preparation programs. The class schedules are abso-lutely fixed inside of the pro-gram, and if students graduate with a certain specialization, they have taken all the classes listed for that specialization. So, unlike most American higher education programs, students never have to choose which classes to take, or won-der whether they have all the classes and credits needed to graduate. Additionally, in Ukraine, there are only two types of classes: lectures and practical classes that include problem solving sessions and laboratory courses.
For the first few years in a program in Ukraine, students
take core lecture classes from their department along with many other students with similar specializations. There are usually around 100–200 people in the same classroom. After those first two years, students have to pick a specialization. Following that decision, the lecture class size reduces substantially to groups of around 20 people who are all working on the same specialization.
Because classes are the same for everybody, scheduling is very simple. Every day there are four “pairs.” A pair consists of two 45-minute classes (5 minute shorter than classes in the U.S.). There is a 5-minute break in between the two classes in a pair, fol-lowed by a 15-minute break before the next pair begins. Every working day there are two pairs in the morning and two after an hour-long lunch break. Lectures are usually in the morning, with virtually no interaction with other students. Lectures have no graded assignments and the grade is defined only at final examination, which is at the end of the term. In a typical exami-nation, students enter the examination room and pull a “ticket,” on which there are two to four questions or problems. Students have some time to prepare their answer, and then they sit down with their lecturer, one-on-one, and present their solution or derive some equations. Typically, this is fol-lowed by additional questions from the lecturer. At the end of this test, stu-dents receive their grade for the whole semester.
Practical classes are always con-ducted in smaller groups and have a very high involvement level because students solve problems, and answer questions and present or work out solu-tions in front of the class. This method allows students to know how well they are performing, and exactly where they stand compared with other students. This is quite different from the U.S., where the grades or performance level
International student perspective: Life and higher education in UkraineBy Pavlo Rudenko
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of others is confidential. Practical classes also have graded homework or assignments, but these aren’t usually turned in until the end of the term. The assignments are pass/fail, and a passing grade permits the student to participate in the final examination.
One other big difference is that in Ukraine, all males have to serve in the military. However, if accepted to a uni-versity, male students qualify for a mili-tary profession with the title of “reserve officer,” provided that they agree to dedicate one weekday every week and two summer breaks to military training. Usually, the military training starts the third year (after choosing the program specialization). On the military train-ing weekday, there are still four pairs, but they are about whichever military profession the student chooses. As a reserve officer, it is presumed that the topics learned are secret information, so all notes must be kept in a separate case with a big white stripe on it, and they can never leave the military depart-ment. For two summers, students live in the barracks on a military base for three months of boot camp, where they get hands-on military experience. Daily drills are conducted to learn about the equipment and organization. If a stu-dent passes military training, he is then able to get an officer rank along with his college diploma. However, the test-ing and certification is completely sepa-rate from the university, and there is a different acceptance rate. If men do not pass military training, they will have to serve one and a half years as a private in the military. Achieving reserve offi-cer status is competitive and rewarding.
In the fourth and final academic year, students do their diploma thesis work with an advisor chosen by them, which is followed by an oral defense in front of peers and professors. The grade is then requested from a committee by the advisor. Typically, after graduation, the best students receive job place-ment and some receive offers to get a graduate degree. Graduate degrees in Ukraine do not have any classes asso-ciated with them and consist only of original research in the student’s cho-sen topic.
There is an exceptionally high level of interaction and openness between the students within their specializa-tion programs in Ukraine. By the time a student graduates, they get to know the others in their cohort very well, and many remain friends forever. It happened with me, and when my close friend suggested I apply to study in the U.S., I agreed to give it a fair chance, but that is another story.
About the authorPavlo Rudenko is a Ph.D. candi-
date in the Materials Science and Engineering department at Washington State University. He currently is work-ing on solid nanoparticle-based, envi-ronmentally friendly additives to lubri-cating oils. After graduation he plans to participate in a technology-based start-up. n
post your resume today atcareers.ceramics.org
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Alfred University is dedicated to studentcentered education, where our students’ personaland professional development is our #1 priority.Our research groups are small, meaning thatyou’ll be part of a close-knit, supportivecommunity where your ideas and aspirations arevalued. We have outstanding, state-of-the art facilitiesand strong, world-wide connections to enhanceyour educational experience.
MS PR O G R A M SBiomedical Materials Engineering Science
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PHD PR O G R A M SCeramicsGlass ScienceMaterials Science and Engineering
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Alfred University is dedicated to studentcentered education, where our students’ personaland professional development is our #1 priority.Our research groups are small, meaning thatyou’ll be part of a close-knit, supportivecommunity where your ideas and aspirations arevalued. We have outstanding, state-of-the art facilitiesand strong, world-wide connections to enhanceyour educational experience.
MS PR O G R A M SBiomedical Materials Engineering Science
Ceramic EngineeringElectrical EngineeringGlass ScienceMaterials Science and EngineeringMechanical Engineering
PHD PR O G R A M SCeramicsGlass ScienceMaterials Science and Engineering
AlfredUniversityOffice of Graduate AdmissionsAlumni Hall1 Saxon DriveAlfred, NY 14802Ph: 800.541.9229 Fx: 607.871.2198Email: [email protected]
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34 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
T he first thing that comes to mind about
being a graduate student is how different it is from being an undergraduate stu-dent. The major differences between undergraduate school and graduate school are focus and independence.
In my experience, it was a little overwhelming at first to find my focus, there are few guidelines. I ended up joining a group working on orthopedic implants and decided to anodize tantalum to form tantalum pentoxide in the form of nanotubes. I have had adhesion prob-lems with this approach. Figure 1 shows the top layer of tantalum pentoxide nanotubes coming apart like string cheese. My the-sis is titled “Understanding Wear Behavior of CoCrMo Coatings on Ti6Al4V and Tantalum Coating on Titanium for Load-Bearing Implants.”
Most graduate classes are more inde-pendent and have less busy work than
undergraduate classes. However, they do not have less work overall. Often there is more control over what the student wishes to work on, which allows for greater focus on the student’s interests. At the undergraduate level, professors have many students and a much more general curriculum. At the graduate level, they have just a few students or maybe only one. Professors spend more time hand crafting the graduate student’s education to fit his or her goals and research. Class requirements are more flexible, but students shouldn’t expect to have much of a social life in graduate school. I always had more to do than I could possibly finish.
Research is an intimate part of graduate life. It is important for students to find an advisor who is interested in the same things and who allows them to work on related research, but it is essen-tial to find one they can work well with. A good advisor for one person may not be a good advisor for another. The only way to find out is to talk with people. While it is important to interview advisors, talking to his or her gradu-ate students may be more informative when learning about the advisor’s style. Graduate students who work the hardest are more likely to be successful, so just because students are overworked does not necessarily mean they have a bad advisor. When searching for an advisor, keep in mind how self-motivated you are, and determine if you need someone to push you every step of the way or stand back and let you work. I chose my advisor, Amit Bandyopadhyay, after tak-ing one of his classes. He was available when I needed him, but encouraged me to be independent as well.
Research proceeds quickly some of the time and slowly most of the time. Usually, the obstacles are broken equip-ment and waiting for parts or supplies. Because it is impossible to anticipate most of these problems, the best solu-tion is to work on multiple projects
at once so there is always something to do when obstacles occur. To keep a consistent research schedule, I tried to set aside time for research even if I had other school deadlines to meet. If I did want to use my regularly sched-uled research time to work on other tasks, I would make up the time later. This kept me from putting off research unnecessarily.
An important part of staying on track with research is having regular meetings with your advisor. The way to get the most out of meetings with your advisor is to be prepared. Have recent data and results with you even if that is not nec-essarily the reason for the meeting. That way you can get feedback on what you are working on and won’t have to come back later for another meeting.
A major goal of graduate school is to write a thesis. Don’t take this lightly. Get serious about your thesis research right away. The sooner you start, the more you can learn, the better the project is and the more impressive your accomplishments will be out of gradu-ate school.
You can’t work on your research all day every day, and outside interests provide some balance to life. It is easy to find clubs for many different inter-
Advice from a departing graduate studentBy Stan Dittrick
Fig. 1 Top layer of tantalum pentoxide nano-tubes is coming apart like string cheese.
Grad student experiences
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ests on campus. These clubs are always looking for new members. While they take up valuable time, they help you keep your sanity. I was part of the local chapter of Material Advantage and enjoyed a number of their functions. In addition to having fun, I was able to make some business contacts with the regional group, and they paid my way to Washington, D.C., to speak with my
congressional representatives. In graduate school, I have learned
how to take the initiative and be suc-cessful. I have developed good contacts for the future, and my fellow group members and I have learned how to get funding to pursue our goals. There are always setbacks, but with the right advisor and some determination, those obstacles can be overcome.
About the authorStan Dittrick received his B.S. in
chemistry from Western Washington University. He is a departing graduate student in the materials science and engineering department at Washington State University. He is currently look-ing for work in the field of materials science. n
Research and teaching assistantship experiences: Two perspectivesTeaching and research assistant positions (TA/RA) can be fun and rewarding or just plain terrible. The key factors determining the quality of the position are the student and the professor. Other factors, such as the time required for grading papers, class preparation, lab setup/cleanup and actual teaching, can be unwanted tasks, or they can provide the background and experience to prepare a student for a career in research, industry or academia.
William Garrett, Colorado School of MinesWill Garrett, a Ph.D. student in materials science, says he was quite fortunate to be a foundry TA at the Colorado School of Mines. “Since most of my research happens in the foundry, being a foundry TA has not put too many inconvenient constraints on my time. The preparation for teaching the foundry course section on die casting helped me learn the basic science behind die casting and is closely related to my research. Thankfully I haven’t been cursed with a TA assignment where I need to grade papers or in a course unrelated to my research.” n
Anonymous, Colorado School of MinesAnother materials science graduate student at the Colora-do School of Mines (who wishes to remain unnamed) has not had such a positive TA experience. His position was
outside of his field and involved a lot of paper grading: “My TA assignments over the past few years have been primarily with classes and topics that have little bearing toward my research. In fact, what is supposed to be a three-hour assignment has often turned into a 10–15 hour per week commitment. I have spent a lot of time teach-ing topics without the solid knowledge base needed to be successful. This is part of graduate school – not all of the TA positions are going to fit the interests and research subjects of the available graduate students.”
Being a TA is a part of life for most graduate students. Your experience is bound to titillate and frustrate and hopefully provide some skills and knowledge to further your career. Take ownership and speak with the profes-sors and department personnel to ensure you get an assignment that fulfills your needs. n
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Student research briefs
A research team of undergraduate stu-
dents at The Ohio State University is working on a project developing thick-film metal oxide sensor arrays for detecting off-gases in the iron and steel industry. The team con-sists of five undergraduate students (Travis Busbee, Daniel Chmielewski, Mike Ramsdell, Steve Allen and Beth Yoak) is directed by graduate stu-dent Mark Andio and advised by Patricia Morris and Sheikh Akbar from the materials science and engineering department. The project was selected from the Ferrous Metallurgy Education Today Design Grant Program, which is
sponsored by the Association for Iron and Steel Technology. The goal of this program is to encourage more students to choose materials-science-related fields, and this project has a focus on ceramic research for a metallurgical application.
An array of chemiresistive gas sen-sors based on thick-film metal oxides is being developed for sensing reducing gases, such as carbon monoxide, which are abundant in the off-gas of steelmak-ing furnaces. The sensors consist of an alumina substrate with interdigitated platinum electrodes. The metal oxide particles provide the sensing film
between the electrodes. The metal oxides initial-ly being stud-ied include SnO2, NiO, ZnO, WO3 and Nb-doped TiO2.
Some of the impor-tant research being con-
ducted in this project includes investi-gation of the metal oxide film micro-structure for sensor performance and addition of glass frit to the oxide film to improve adhesion properties. The microstructure of the metal oxide film is important for the sensor response, and an open microstructure is benefi-cial. Screen printing is being used for the metal oxide deposition onto the sensor substrates to aid in the forma-tion of open porosity. To accomplish this, the metal oxide powders were incorporated into a paste that was opti-mized for compatibility with the screen printer. Solids loading and viscosity of the oxide-laden pastes were adjusted to produce a thick film. The sensors then were fired at the optimal temperature for each material. One obstacle was bal-ancing the firing temperature, glass frit addition and paste composition to suffi-ciently adhere the film to the substrate without compromising the performance of the sensor.
Characterization of the films was performed to investigate the micro-structure of the metal oxide films. X-ray diffraction was used to verify the phase and composition of the films. Scanning electron microscopy also was used to
Development of metal oxide gas sensor arrays for detection of off-gases in steel industryBy Travis Busbee
Group members (left to right): Dan Chmielewski, Mike Ramsdell, Steve Allen, and Travis Busbee (Beth Yoak not pictured).
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analyze the porosity, uniformity, and particle size of the films.
Currently, we are at the stage of the project in which the sensors will be tested to analyze gases. The resistance of the sensor will be measured as the gas concentrations and furnace tem-perature are varied in order to obtain information about the sensor sensitiv-ity, response/recovery time and satura-
tion point. The goal is to verify that we have successfully created an array of sensors that will stand up to the high-temperature environment while providing accurate reliable information about the concentrations of the gases we intend to measure.
About the authorTravis Busbee is a third-year under-
graduate student at The Ohio State University. He worked at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base for two years in the cell development and engineering group under Morley Stone. He recently received the SMART fellowship through the Department of Defense to continue this research after graduation. n
S elf-propagating high-temperature synthesis,
usually a solid-state combus-tion process, can be used to produce a wide variety of ceramics, intermetallics and composite materials.1 I have been using this process to make ceramic particulate reinforced aluminum composite materi-als for commercial die casting processes From a materials and processing perspec-tive, this research is capable of produc-ing recyclable, lightweight, net-shape composite materials on an industrial scale that competes with cast iron for mechanical properties. The SHS meth-od I use to produce these materials can be controlled to produce ceramic phases with narrow particle sizes and specific stoichiometries for many reinforcing phases.
Often, SHS materials are expensive, or the final product contains unwanted porosity, but our research group has found that aluminum–titanium carbide composites made by the SHS process can be cost competitive in transportation applications where a lightweight component can pay for itself in fuel sav-ings. My research is focused on the manufacturing process and mechanical properties of these composites, but other members of the research group are looking for lower cost precursor materials than what I am using. My combustion synthesis system reacts titanium and car-bon powders to reinforce the aluminum with titanium carbide, but it is possible to reduce the cost even further with reaction systems that use titanium oxide instead of titanium metal.
As a method, SHS is a useful tool for making ceramic and composite materials. With manufacturing technologies and capacity moving overseas, it is important to support research that stands to give
the North American die-casting industry a techni-cal edge and advance the state-of-the-art of under-utilized technologies, such as SHS.
References1. J.J. Moore and H.J. Feng, “Combustion Synthesis of Advanced Materials: Part I. Reaction Parameters,” Prog. Mater. Sci., 39, 243–73 (1995).
About the authorWilliam Garrett is currently a
Ph.D. student in materials science at the Colorado School of Mines in Golden, Colorado. He earned B.S. degrees in materials science and engi-neering and mechanical engineering from Washington State University in Pullman, Washington. Before beginning graduate school at Mines, he worked as a research scientist at Powdermet Inc., Euclid, Ohio, develop-ing metal injection molding processes for rhenium alloys, MOCVD processes for refractory metals, cermet ther-mal spray materials and preceramic polymer-derived composite materials. At the Colorado School of Mines, he works with Professors John Moore and Michael Kaufman on self-propagating high-temperature synthesis and metal-matrix composite materials processing. He expects to graduate this fall. n
Die-castable ceramic-reinforced metal-matrix compositesBy William Garrett
Some of Garrett’s work is at VForge Inc. in Denver, Colo, where induction heating is used to reheat the 55vol% TiC/45vol% Al composite cylinders to 1150°C for the die casting process.
Garrett is working on creating manufac-turing processes that incorporate SHS approaches.
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Student research briefs
T iO2, in the form of anatase, is the most
widely studied ceramic photocatalyst that also has been commercialized into a product. TiO2 is relatively inexpensive and abundant. TiO2 is an oxide semicon-ductor, which allows for alterations to the defect chemistry. This tends to give a boost to its proper-ties. The reason for the success of TiO2 relates to the band gap. This is the amount of energy that must be supplied to the material to boost an electron from the valence band of a lower energy across the forbid-den band gap to an empty conduction band of higher energy, which allows the electron to conduct electric-ity. The value for the band
gap of TiO2 is 3.2 electron volts, but it can be low-ered into the visible region by doping with nonmetal anions. Currently, much of the work with TiO2 has been centered on the altering of the defect chemistry of the material to enhance the band gap.
Doping of TiO2 with nonmetal anions, such as boron, carbon, nitro-gen, fluorine and sulfur, to shift the photocatalytic activity of the material into the visible region has been suc-cessful. However, doping with nitrogen has been the most effective nonmetal explored. One study found the band gap was reduced by 0.72 electron volts when doping anatase with nitrogen. In the same study, the nitrogen-doped sample exhibited complete methylene blue degradation after 2 hours. This compares well with a commercial stan-dard that completely degrades methy-lene blue between 1 and 1.5 h. Studies have explored reduction with NH3, oxidation with TiN, reaction with urea mixtures and various sol–gel synthesis methods. An interesting effect of non-metal anion doping in anatase is that the sample is white in its parent form and turns yellow upon doping, as shown in Figure 1. Figure 2 shows the anatase crystal structure.
In general, the increase in photo-
catalytic activity was attributed to a decrease in the size of the band gap of the material through a hybridization of N 2p states with O 2p states to make a mid-gap energy level just above the O 2p valence band maximum. However, it recently has been found that this also could be attributed to occupied states above the N 2p valence band. The electronic structure of this material is still highly debated among researchers and is being explored using X-ray pho-toelectron spectroscopy.
About the authorVictoria Knox completed a B.S.
in ceramics engineering at Alfred University and is currently a third-year graduate student at Alfred’s Inamori School of Engineering, pursuing a Ph.D. in ceramic engineering. She is a PCSA delegate. Knox’s research is concentrated around Aurivillius photo-catalysts. n
Nonmetal anion doping of anataseBy Victoria Knox
Fig. 1 (a) Anatase in the parent form. (b) Nitrogen treated anatase. Fig. 2 Crystal structure of anatase.
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T he use of ceramic and glass composites
with percolated segregated microstructures of conduc-tive filler have numerous industrial, electronic and military potential applica-tions, such as electromag-netic interference shielding. A problem with adding rigid filler to a ceramic pow-der compact is that it can often prevent full sintering from occurring.1 This will degrade many properties of the ceramic and prevent full use of the filler properties.
Our focus is to optimize the green state of ceramic compacts by minimizing the amount of conductive filler needed for percolation and having the compos-ite as close to the percolation threshold as possible before sintering. We evaluate the electrical response of ceramic com-pacts during dry pressing as a function of applied pressure. The effect of the par-ticle size of the matrix and the size ratios between the matrix and filler particles also are being evaluated.
Semiconductive SiC and insulating Al2O3 and borosilicate glass powders have been used for the experiments. To determine the influence of porosity in the ceramic powder compacts, a cus-tom-made die with an insulating outer
sleeve was used to conduct dc and ac measurements. A schematic of this die is shown in Figure 1(a). Measurements were performed in-situ as a function of loading and unload-ing compaction pressure. Direct-current measure-ments can detect only the combined response from the powders and the porosity. However, from the SiC impedance spec-troscopy data, at least two semicircles are observed in the complex impedance plot that allows separa-tion of the two processes.2 One of these semicircles represents the bulk mate-rial property, and the other is likely due to the void space and interfaces. The measured resistances determined from imped-ance spectroscopy are shown in Figures 1(b) and 1(c). The values in Figure 1(b), show that the resistance is the same for each pressure, even though the overall density of the compact is differ-ent. Figure 1(c)shows that the resistance is highly dependent on the overall density of the powder compact. The admittance, modulus and permittivity also were examined and showed behavior highly dependent on these two processes. The impedance behavior of the insulating materials is more sensitive to the compacted micro-structure and humidity, and it often displayed trends different from the semiconducting SiC com-pacted powder.
By understanding the
processes that are occurring during powder compaction, a percolated net-work of filler in the composite can be developed at very low thresholds and
Percolated ceramic composites: Characterization and optimizationBy Tim Pruyn
Impedance measurements
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can optimize the green state and the final sintered composite.
References1 E.A. Holm and M.J. Cima, “Two-Dimensional Whisker Percolation in Ceramic Matrix Ceramic Whisker Composites,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 72, 2, 303–305 (1989).
2T. Pruyn and R.A. Gerhardt, “Characterization of Ceramic Powders during Compaction Using Electrical Measurements”; in 35th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, in press.
About the authorTimothy Pruyn completed a B.S. in
ceramic engineering at Alfred University and is currently pursuing a Ph.D. at Georgia Institute of Technology in materials science and engineering. He is a PCSA officer and a SMART scholar. The focus of his research is the fabrica-tion and characterization of electronic ceramic composites. n
Student research briefs
T he glass-ceramics group in the Materials
Science and Engineering Department at Virginia Tech is attempting to create a reproducible glass-ceramic saddle for use on guitars. Through a relationship with Hartford University and industry partner Taylor Guitars, the Virginia Tech group is studying the effects of grain size on critical acoustic properties of lithium disilicate. Under the direc-tion of David Clark and Diane Folz, the goal for this project is to develop a rela-tionship between heat treat-ments and grain size as well as a relationship between stiffness, hardness and grain size. Stiffness is important
because it has a direct cor-relation with the dampen-ing coefficient, a critical property in guitar saddles. Hardness, on the other hand, relates to the saddle endur-ance, because a harder saddle will have a longer lifetime.
Current industry standard materials used to make saddles include bone and Tusq, a polymer material. The problem with bone saddles is that they are a natural material, which always has varia-tion. Polymers, on the other hand, are much more consistent, but they do not have a big enough damping coefficient and wear much more quickly. Glass-ceramics are a feasible alternative to current industry standards, because they offer the advantage of having similar mechanical properties to bone, while also being reproducible and easily mass produced.
Hartford University is helping with acoustic measurements in their anechoic chamber. These acoustic measure-ments are critical to the feasibility of the saddles, because they will determine whether the saddles can be used. Taylor Guitars has helped with consulting, let-ting the Virginia Tech group know what consumers want and what the industry would like to see. Some of the important factors include matching mechanical properties of currently used materials such as bone, the ability to create consis-tent samples and a lower cost basis.
The Virginia Tech team has incor-
porated these guidelines and created glass-ceramic saddles by developing a graphite mold, pouring lithium disilicate at 1500°C and then performing heat treatments of annealing, nucleation and crystallization. Annealing was performed at 480°C for at least 8 hours to remove thermal stresses, nucleation was done at 480°C, and crystallization was performed at 675°C.
Varying the grain size and measuring the changes in mechanical properties was approached from several angles. One approach was to vary the number of nuclei by changing the nucleation time. More nuclei should produce smaller grains and vice versa. However, we were unable to produce significant grain size variation with this method. Then we moved to a variation in crystallization time and were finally successful in iden-tifying a relationship between grain size and crystallization.
The Virginia Tech group then identi-fied changes in mechanical properties as a function of grain size. Also, more saddle samples were sent to Hartford University for additional acoustic test-ing. More work will be done to further optimize the project, including the pos-sibility of microwave processing, creating recipes for specific consumer needs and improving aesthetic appearance.
About the authorSalem Maud is a senior in the
Materials Science Department at Virginia Tech. After graduation, he plans to seek a commission in the Army and continue his studies in materials engineering. n
Better sound through cooperationBy Salem Maud
41American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
T he utilization of nanotechnology can
improve current drug deliv-ery approaches, especially to cancers.1 Patients diag-nosed with advanced stage pancreatic cancer would greatly benefit from such technologies, because, in its later stages, treatment efficacy is greatly depressed and the chance of survival is decreased accordingly. The current survival rate for pan-creatic cancer is extremely low, at 5.6 percent, com-pared with 26.0 percent for stomach cancer and 65.0 percent for colon and rectal cancer.2 Pancreatic cancer has classically been treated with the antimetabo-lite 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). However, through prolonged exposure and repetitious treatment regiments, 5-FU can act as a systemic toxin and may lead to patient debilitation.3 Needless to say, pancreatic cancer is an extremely challenging dis-ease to treat for doctors and patients.
The toxic nature of 5-FU and the dif-ficultly associated with drug delivery to
the pancreas4 serve as a major impetus for the design of an effective drug deliv-ery system. Such a drug delivery system could operate by shielding 5-FU in tar-geted nanoscale drug delivery vehicles. Therefore, the amount of 5-FU deliv-ered to pancreatic cancer cells could be increased and an increase in treatment efficacy might be observed. Drug encap-sulation also presents the unique oppor-tunity to potentially reduce the toxic effects of 5-FU and provide patients with a more effective and less debilitating treatment option.
Much of my work in the Adair group has been oriented toward the encap-sulation of 5-FU in a novel calcium phosphosilicate nanoparticle (CPSNP) system developed at The Pennsylvania State University. The CPSNPs have been used to successfully encapsulate and deliver a variety of organic mol-ecules,5 and bioconjugation approaches have been developed to target pancre-atic cancer cells with this system in in-vitro and in-vivo studies.6 However, it is not known if the efficacy of pancreatic cancer treatments will increase by utiliz-ing drug-carrying CPSNPs for delivery. Under the guidance of my supervising graduate student, Amra Tabakovic, I set out to encapsulate the antineoplastic drug 5-FU with CPSNPs and compare its effects in-vitro to free 5-FU in a pancreatic cancer cell line. The results of this study will refine our knowledge of encapsulating chemotherapeutics in CPSNPs, in addition to providing some insight into how to improve 5-FU bio-availability.
Currently, 5-FU encapsulation stud-ies are underway, and we have begun to employ basic characterization methods to determine the resultant CPSNP solu-tion’s colloidal stability and mean particle size. Similarly, a mass-spectrometry-based characterization method for the CPSNP system is being developed to measure the quantity of drug encapsulated. Depending
on the results of the initial encapsulation trials, the CPSNP synthesis method may be revisited to optimize the system for 5-FU encapsulation.
References1B. Sumer and J. Gao, Nanomedicine, 3, [2] 137–40 (2008).2 S.F. Altekruse et al. (Eds.), SEER Cancer Statistics Review 1975–2007. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Md., (2010).3E.E. Vokes and H.M. Golomb (Eds.), Oncologic Therapies, Springer, Heidelberg, Germany, 2003.4X. Yu et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1805, [1] 97–104 (2010).5T.T. Morgan et al., Nano Letters, 8, [12] 4108–15 (2008).6B.M. Barth et al., ACS Nano, 4, 3, 1279–87 (2010).
About the authorStephen Weitzner is a sophomore
materials science and engineering student at The Pennsylvania State University. His main research interests are in the study of nanomaterials for medical and energy applications, and he intends to pursue a Ph.D. in mate-rials science after graduating in the spring of 2013. n
Targeted amorphous calcium phosphosilicate nanoscale drug delivery carriers for pancreatic cancer treatmentBy Stephen Weitzner
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42 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
All undergraduate students pursuing a ma-terials science and engi-neering degree accred-ited by the Accreditation Board for Engineering & Technology are required
to complete a “capstone project.” Some programs fulfill this requirement through senior theses, but most schools have students participate in what are known as “design projects.” Design projects give students the opportunity to work in teams, design and accomplish a plan and interact with industry.
Working well in a team is one of the most important skills for any successful engineer to have. However, most under-graduate ceramics courses are not able to incorporate a lot of opportunities for extensive collaboration between students. Design project courses allow students to work together for an entire semester or year along with a faculty advisor. Devel-oping effective group dynamics, dividing tasks and learning to trust and depend on members of the group are all skills acquired through working with a design team (Figure 1). Working with students that have different interests or material focuses also provides a good learning experience. Design projects allow students to interact differently with faculty. Most programs assign each team a faculty mentor who serves as an advisor and project supervisor.
To successfully complete a design project, a thorough plan and schedule must be established and maintained. There are a variety of tools available to help develop and track group progress toward attaining goals. Gantt charts, interactive calendars and Google Docs are just a few of the commonly used organizational tools. De-veloping planning skills, such as drawing diagrams, can help students work through problems and implement design ideas (Figure 2). Most materials science and en-gineering programs also require students to address the financial aspect of the design. Tracking finances and taking into
account costs associated with a project are considerations not usually discussed in other ceramics courses. Therefore, design courses often introduce business and finance principles.
Most design courses rely on local indus-tries or alumni connections to provide problems currently faced by industries. Ceramics industries working on piezoelec-tric materials, solar cells, energy-efficient building supplies, drug delivery systems and sensors are just a few of the projects that recently have been addressed by ceramics students. Learning how industry and academia can collaborate from the start of one’s career can help build strong relationships with companies and propel new research initiatives.
The best part of taking a design course is pulling together knowledge from all of the undergraduate materials science and engineering courses. Most MSE courses focus on specific thermodynamic, kinetic, crystallization, characterization or failure mechanism principles. Materials selec-tion for a specific design consideration requires students to pull together informa-tion from their entire undergraduate expe-rience. Examples of some recent ceramic design projects include the investigation of
the cause and control of resistor cracking, fixing electrode delamination in ferroelec-tric ceramics, designing to compensate for differential thermal expansion in photovol-taic components, designing the adhesion of a ceramic lead zirconate titanate sensor to a steel gas line pipe and selecting appropriate materials for an environmen-tally sustainable home. These are just a few examples of the hundreds of design problems tackled each year by materials science students across the country.
Each school has a unique perspective on the capstone design project. Some programs focus more heavily on the busi-ness perspective, some focus on materials selection, some focus on literature review and others focus on actual construction and testing. Virginia Tech requires MSE students to market their design and find corporate sponsors to back their research and construction. Penn State’s design course focuses on materials selection. The University of California Berkeley has a cul-minating course that focuses on lab work, such as constructing and characterizing materials used in semiconductors or test-ing the impact of corrosion on mechani-cal properties. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute’s senior design course focuses
The value of undergraduate design coursesBy Erica Marden
Fig. 1 Penn State students meet to discuss the progress on their design project.
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on designing against yielding, fracture, fatigue, creep and other properties versus designing specific products. University of Washington has a year-long design course that even covers topics such as quality control. Each school and program puts a unique spin on the design course, but ultimately every student hopes to attain similar skills.
A common theme for all programs is the additional development of profes-sional skills. Engineers must be effective communicators to convince sponsors to fund research, delegate project tasks and present conclusions or sell a new material. Learning to give strong presentations and improve writing skills is an extremely important aspect of tackling a design project. Interacting professionally with industry collaborators provides experience with making a strong impression and convinc-ing other respected profession-als to support your ideas.
Finally, one of the crucial educational benefits of a design course is learning how to consider the guidelines that all engineers agree to follow. As scientists and engineers, we often are trusted with projects
that can have huge impacts on others’ livelihoods. ABET outlines economic, envi-ronmental, sustainability, manufacturability, ethical, health and safety, social and political impacts as crucial aspects to consider when approaching a new problem. It is easy to get caught up in exciting research or, after spending a long time on a project,
to lose sight of some of the most important guidelines we must follow. Learning to solve a problem with a multifaceted approach and to look at possible solutions from a variety of perspectives allow students to gain an appreciation for the societal responsibility we take on as engineers.
New social engineering courses and outreach design projects are an excel-lent opportunity for materials science and engineering students to tackle important problems. Students with a strong ceramics background could prove to offer invaluable advice when working on creating cheaper alternatives to clean water initiatives or offering technology in rural regions. Social and sustainable engineering design projects are becoming increasingly popular, and soon more materials science and engineering programs may integrate problems that simultaneously address industrial and social concerns into the capstone design projects.
About the authorErica Marden is a senior in the materials
science and engineering department at Penn State University and is taking an op-tion in ceramics. She is the vice president of her college’s student council, secretary of her Keramos chapter and serves as the chair of the Communications Commit-tee for the PCSA. She is doing her thesis research on amylose polymers. n
Students planning the specifics of their design project by using a schematic diagram.
Material Advantage students participate in congressional visitsBy Tricia L. Nicol, ACerS liaison to the Material Advantage Student Program
D ozens of Material Advantage student
members from around the nation attended the Science-Engineering-Technology Congressional Visits Day events on April 6 and 7, 2011, in
Washington, D.C. CVD is actually a two-day event hosted by the SET Working Group, which brings scien-tists, engineers, research-ers, educators, technology executives and students to Washington, D.C., to raise awareness and sup-port for SET. The underly-
ing objective of CVD is to underscore the long-term importance of those fields to the nation through meet-ings with congressional decision makers. Uniquely designed to have multisec-tor and multidisciplinary involvement, the CVD is coordinated by coalitions of
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Congressional Visits Day
companies, professional societies and educational institutions.
Even though the threat of a govern-ment shutdown at the time loomed on Capitol Hill, 39 students and faculty from 15 universities attended this year’s SETCVD event. Their experience began with a brunch Wednesday morn-ing that included a fun role-playing session led by Dave Bahr (Washington State University) and Iver Anderson (Iowa State University and Ames National Lab). Some “CVD veter-ans” joined in the role play, includ-ing Robert Shull (NIST) and Kevin Hemker (Johns Hopkins University).
This warm-up event also was a valu-able time for the students and professors from around the country to meet and share their perspectives and motiva-tions for raising the funds needed to travel and conduct face-to-face meet-ings with their elected officials, some-thing many of the participants would be doing for the first time. The students also received a packet of information that contained, among other things, talking points and a one-page leave-
behind document to give to congressio-nal office staff.
After the brunch, the group joined the 30 plus other societies that make up the SET Working Group at the Reserve Officers Association Minuteman Memorial Building for briefings from administration officials and congressio-nal staff, focusing sharply on the 2011 and 2012 budgets and congressional perspectives. Speakers during this after-noon briefing were
• Kei Koizumi, assistant director, Federal Research and Development, Office of Science and Technology Policy;
• Patrick Clemens, director of AAAS Research and Development Budget and Policy Program;
• The Honorable Sherwood Boehlert, former chair of the House Science Committee;
• Chris Martin, AAAS Science and Engineering Policy Fellow, Science and Space Subcommittee, Senate Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee;
• Dahlia Sokolov, minority staff
director, Subcommittee on Research and Education, House Committee on Science, Space and Technology;
• Julia Jester, majority staff direc-tor, Subcommittee on Technology and Innovation, House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology; and
• Jonathan Epstein, majority counsel, Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee.
Wednesday events concluded with the 2011 George E. Brown Jr. SET Leadership Award Reception and Exhibit. This award, given to a mem-ber of Congress who has shown active leadership in the determination of SET policy, has strongly advocated in support of a role for the federal govern-ment in research and has taken specific actions to advance SET public policy. This year, the award was presented to two members of Congress: U.S. Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison (Texas) and U.S. Rep. Daniel Lipinski (Illinois).
Thursday activities began with a breakfast where four members of Congress spoke to SETCVD par-ticipants. The speakers were U.S.
Congressional Visits Day
Material Advantage students and advisors hit Capitol Hill for their CVD meetings.
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Representatives Paul Tonko (New York), Judy Biggert (Illinois), Donna Edwards (Maryland) and Frank Wolf (Virginia). Their presentations helped motivate participants for their upcom-ing meetings. At the conclusion of the breakfast, participants began their scheduled visits with legislators and staff members on Capitol Hill.
Prior to the SETCVD event, orga-nizers gave student participants the responsibility to contact the offices of their representatives and senators, and to arrange appointments for their groups. The students appeared to have taken this assignment seriously, as many important and productive meetings were held. In fact, the three students from Iowa State managed to secure meetings with both of Iowa’s senators and all five representatives, a feat that rarely had been accomplished before.
Many of the other groups also were very active, and our Material Advantage groups held more than 50 office meetings before the SETCVD was concluded. Students reported that they preferred setting up their own appointments, because it allowed them to take ownership of their trip to Washington.
Based on feedback from this year’s participants, the 2011 SETCVD was a great success. As Mahmood Shirooyeh, graduate student at the University of Southern California, said, “The CVD program provided me with a unique opportunity to meet with our senators and representatives on Capitol Hill. It let me point out to them how crucial the strong federal investment in scien-tific research and technology, in the midst of deep budget cuts, is in creating jobs and building a better future.”
Travis Graham-Wright, undergradu-ate student from Colorado School of Mines, added, “All three staff people were very excited to meet with us. They were pleasantly surprised that a group of students would take time out of their busy schedules to meet with them. It definitely left an impression that we thought funding for research was important enough to merit taking a trip to D.C., especially getting toward
the end of the semester where things get even busier with finals just around the corner. One [staff member] men-tioned that it definitely opened his eyes to a new perspective of where federal funding goes and was very appreciative to talk to people directly affected by that funding.”
Iowa State’s Anderson reported, “I think that the sense of empowerment that came from each student group arranging their own congressional meetings gave this SETCVD event a special enthusiasm that I have not seen before. I also found that my students from Iowa State spoke with a great deal of professional polish at their visits and made an excellent impression on all of the offices that we visited.”
Other universities that participated in SETCVD 2011 included Drexel University; Florida International University; Lehigh University; Michigan Technological University; Pennsylvania State University; San Jose State University; University of California, Santa Barbara; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; University of Tennessee Knoxville; and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
Besides ACerS, the partner soci-eties in the Material Advantage Student Program are the Association for Iron and Steel Technology, ASM International and the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society. n
ACerS President’s Council of Student Advisors will host a student symposium entitled “Highlights of Student Research in Basic Science and Electronic Ceramics” at the Electronic Materials and Applica-tions 2012 conference Jan. 18–20, 2012, in Orlando, Fla.
PCSA’s EMA 2012 topics include, but are not limited to:
• Nanostructured materials;
• Interfacial effects;
• Novel processing;
• Characterization;
• Electronic materials; and
• Energy materials.
Students working on qualifying topics should continue their research through the summer and prepare an abstract for the Aug. 3, 2011, deadline. Excellent student-written abstracts will be selected for the lunch-hour honor sessions and the students will receive travel grants to attend conference proceedings. Student abstracts can be submitted through the EMA 2012 website at www.ceramics.org/ema2012.
The PCSA symposium at the EMA 2012 conference is hoping to highlight ceramic
research from student projects, inde-pendent research and design groups. Showcasing undergraduate and gradu-ate student research can help lead to innovation and student involvement in the ceramics community.
The PCSA’s symposium offers a unique opportunity for students to present re-search at a more specialized conference. Electronic ceramics encompass such a wide range of fields and applications that the EMA conference provides students with a broader perspective on the range of research possibilities. Students who attend the conference can look forward to these many exciting professional and research developments.
Other student activities and profes-sional development opportunities will be featured at the EMA conference as well, promising a great networking and educational conference for undergraduate and graduate students.
Finally, students traveling to the sympo-sium also can look forward to the diverse EMA symposia with topics ranging from material applications for energy to ferro-electric and nanocomposite materials. n
PCSA to host student symposium at Electronic Materials and Applications 2012
46 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
The Ceramic Leadership Summit 2011 is a unique and powerful meeting, focusing on the most important strategic challenges confront-ing the ceramic and glass materials communities. CLS 2011 is open to all and especially beneficial for business executives, research & develop-ment professionals, product managers, entrepreneurs, university admin-istrators, government agency policy makers and ACerS leaders. Unlike purely technical meetings, CLS 2011 fosters a participative environment that delivers the opportunity to listen, learn and get involved. Register before July 1st to save $125.
Tuesday, augusT 2, 2011
GenerAL SeSSion 1
10:00 a.m. – noon
advancing Materials Technology in a Complex WorldTwo corporate leaders provide their perspectives on the global eco-nomic, technological and environmental challenges and opportunities facing the ceramic materials and technologies community. each talk will be followed by a facilitated dialogue with Summit participants.
advanced Ceramics for sustainability – View from siemens Corporate Technology
Predicted megatrends including, climate change, population growth, demographic change and scarcity of resources, require more sustainable global develop-ment. Sustainability is a highly demanded property and is a powerful innovation driver for technologies. Within this context advanced materials are expected to provide new solutions for the environment, economy and
society. Advanced ceramics can contribute to achieving higher sustain-ability by improving the efficiency, functionality and lifetime of technical systems. Stimulated by their multidisciplinary character, ceramic materials can open options for new solutions in power generation, energy saving and energy storage, or self-adapting components using more ‘intelligent’ materials.
Speaker: Wolfgang rossner, Technology Leader Ceramics, Siemens AG Corporate Technology
emerging applications and Challenges in using Ceramics at general electric
Ceramics play a critical role in the performance of many energy systems, including gas turbines, batteries and SoFCs. Ceramic-matrix composites can lead to improved performance of gas turbines, for land-based and aircraft engines, because of their lighter weight and higher temperature capability. Key components of SoFCs are ceramics, such as the yttria-stabilized
zirconia electrolyte and the perovskite cathode. High-energy-density sodium-metal halide battery is another emerging application, relying on a b-alumina electrolyte and other ceramics. Two of the major challenges in commercializing these applications are component life and cost. This presentation will discuss applications and challenges in the use of ceramics in these three applications, focusing on CMCs.
Speaker: Krishan L. Luthra, Technology Leader, Ceramics & Metal-lurgy, Ge Global research
GenerAL SeSSion 2
1:30 – 3:15 p.m.
entrepreneurial Case studiesStart-up businesses are an integral part of the ceramic and glass materi-als community. Many entrepreneurs have started with a research focus and successfully transitioned into launching/managing a business. Three tech-savvy leaders will provide case studies on building businesses, fol-lowed by a facilitated panel discussion.
Case study IFounded in 2001, A123 Systems has developed a revolutionary new Li-ion cell technology based on a novel nanophosphate chemistry. By selecting a material with intrinsic safety and stability, A123 Systems worked with MiT to create a nanoscale cathode material with high intrinsic power density. Subsequent work at A123
Systems resulted in the development and commercialization of a new class of Li-ion cell products that were ideally suited for high-power applications, such as power tools, hybrid electro vehicles and certain grid storage applications.
Speaker: Bart riley, CTo, Cofounder, A123 Systems
Wolfgang rossner
Bart riley
SummitCeramic Leadership
Summit
RegisteR Now to save!August 1–3, 2011
BAltimore, md.
www.ceramics.org/cls2011
Krishan L. Luthra
47American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
GenerAL SeSSion 2 (continued)
1:30 – 3:15 p.m.Case study 2Mo-Sci Corporation began in 1985 as a spin-off from Missouri University of Science and Technology. Through-out its history, Mo-Sci has been handed many challenges that small companies normally face and has weathered them well. After 26 years in business, it has grown into a worldwide-recognized small business serving the majority of the Fortune 500 on a sole supplier basis. Mo-
Sci’s unique business philosophy–using partnering as its main focus in business relationships–has served the company well. Mo-Sci now serves more than 1,500 customers in 50 countries worldwide.
Speaker: Ted Day, President, Mo-Sci Corporation
Case study 3Ceranova is a privately held company founded in 1992 as a developer and manufacturer of ceramic superconduc-tors. Since then, the company has grown into a leading innovator of ceramic processing solutions and engi-neered components for high technology systems. Today Ceranova’s major focus is on fine-grained, transparent ceramics (monolithic, composite and fibers) that are
essential for an increasing number of military, industrial and commercial products. Ceranova’s experienced staff and well-equipped facility make it well positioned to provide contract technology development and small-scale manufacturing when it may not be economically viable internally at other firms.
Speaker: Marina Pascucci, President, Ceranova Corporation
GenerAL SeSSion 3
3:45 – 5:15 p.m.
Business Opportunities and strategies in emerging Markets This session showcases two real-world case studies from business devel-opment leaders at two ceramics-related companies. each case study will be followed by a facilitated dialogue with CLS participants.
Case study I: a small u.s. Company’s approach to Chinait’s a challenge for a $20M revenue company to expand into China. This case study summarizes the five-year effort of Minco inc. before it was purchased by Ceradyne inc. Minco produced fused silica with a proprietary process and had proprietary products used in the precision investment casting industry. The study details how classes, books and
consultants were used to prepare and execute the plan of finding a Chinese partner, structuring and financing the enterprise, beginning sales and build-ing a plant.
Speaker: Thomas A. Cole, VP, Business Development, Ceradyne inc.
Case study 2: exploring emerging Markets and the advanced Materials IndustryThere are several emerging markets where advanced materials will play a significant role. Bray will describe the analysis and approach that a larger, diversified materials company is taking to capitalize on these new markets – energy production (solar and wind), energy storage, energy conservation, soldier survivability and electronics.
Speaker: Donald J. Bray, Business Director, nP Aerospace inc. (a Morgan Crucible Company)
Marina Pascucci
Ted Day
Thomas A. Cole
Donald J. Bray
Schedule of eventS Concurrent sessions: energy Innovations (eI), Business of Ceramics (BC) and Innovative applications for Ceramic Materials (Ia)
Monday, auguST 1, 2011 5:00 to 7:00 p.m. – Welcome Reception and Networking event
TueSday, auguST 2, 20119:00 to 9:45 a.m. – Coffee
9:45 to 10:00 a.m. – Opening Remarks
10:00 a.m. to noon – general session 1
Noon to 1:30 p.m. – Networking Lunch
1:30 to 3:15 p.m. – general session 2
3:15 to 3:45 p.m. – Coffee
3:45 to 5:15 p.m. – general session 3
7:00 to 9:00 p.m. – Conference dinner
WedneSday, auguST 3, 2011 7:30 to 8:30 a.m. – Coffee
8:30 to 9:25 a.m. – Concurrent sessions
– advances in solid-state Batteries (eI)– emerging Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology applications, Industry Trends and Current and Future Markets (BC)– ultrahigh Temperature Ceramics for extreme environmental applications (Ia)
9:30 to 10:25 a.m. – Concurrent sessions– Ceramic Components for Fuel Cells and Other energy applications (eI)– Raw Materials Trends Impacting the Ceramics and glass Community (BC)– Bioengineering soft Tissue with Ceramics (Ia)
10:25 to 10:45 a.m. – Coffee
10:45 to 11:40 a.m. – Concurrent sessions– solar energy developments (eI)– The Market Outlook for energy-Related Technologies (BC)– advances in glass strength and Its Impact on society (Ia)
11:40 a.m. to 12:45 p.m. – Networking Lunch
1:00 to 1:55 p.m. – Concurrent sessions– small Modular Reactors (Ie)– Business Valuation, Part 1 (BC)– Ceramic applications in the automotive Industry (Ia)
2:00 to 2:55 p.m. – Concurrent sessions
– Material Needs in alternative & Renewable energy for the automotive Industry (eI)– Business Valuation, Part 2 (BC)– Raw Materials scarcity and Its Impact on the u.s. advanced Ceramic Technological development2:55 to 3:15 p.m. – Coffee
3:15 to 5 p.m. – Closing general session
48 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
WedNesday, augusT 3, 2011
8:30 – 9:25 a.m.
energy Track: advances in solid-state BatteriesThe solid-state battery market is currently around $50M or 1 percent of the total Li-ion battery (LiB) market. Without changes in the cost of manufacturing or the materials used, it is difficult to envision the solid-state battery market exceeding $500M. recently, a new method of inexpensive, nonvacuum electroless deposition has been developed by Planar energy to fabricate solid-state batteries using a roll-to-roll approach. This
process has been combined with a new solid thio-LiSiCon electrolyte and novel approaches to the cathode and anode to produce solid-state batteries with greatly increased capacity. These recent developments offer the potential development of low-cost solid-state LiBs for use in electric drive vehicles (eDVs). This presentation will review solid-state LiB technology from the first viable microbatteries to the current technology being developed for use in eDVs and future applications.
Speaker: Kevin S. Jones, Professor MSe, University of Florida, Co-Director, Software & Analysis of Advanced Materials Processing Center and Collaborator with Planar energy
Business Track: emerging Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology applications, Industry Trends and Current and Future Markets
With large-scale current and potential use of nanostruc-tured materials in applications, such as chemical mechani-cal polishing, magnetic recording and ferro fluids, sunscreens, catalysts, biodetection/labeling, cancer treatment, imaging, conductive coatings, optical fibers, FeDs, chips and nanocomposites, the nanotechnology industry is taking off with commercial markets. This presentation will provide an overview of the markets for
nanomaterials and nanotechnology segments, such as nanoelectronics, nanophotonics, nanomagnetics, nanopatterning and lithography, nano-medicine, nanoenabled packaging, energy generation and storage devices.
Speaker: Thomas Abraham, President, innovative research and Products inc.
applications Track: ultrahigh Temperature Ceramics for extreme environmental applications
Ultrahigh temperature ceramics, which include the diborides of hafnium and zirconium, have seen a resurgence in research and development interest. There is particular interest in these materials for aerospace applications, especially leading edges for entry vehicles. Theses materials are refractory and have attractive thermal properties. However, they are brittle and oxidize. efforts to improve these properties are underway in many institutions. This talk
will give some background on these materials and describe their application. The majority of the presentation will discuss progress being made toward improving the mechanical and oxidation-resistance properties.
Speaker: Sylvia M. Johnson, Chief Materials Technologist, entry Vehicle and Systems Division, nASA Ames research Center.
9:30 – 10:25 a.m.energy Track: Ceramic Components for Fuel Cells and Other energy applications
Since 1960, the planet has changed because of increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Similar increases over the next 50 years will reach a level beyond that which is comfortable for all species. At the same time, the global demand for energy, water and food will soar. Today’s commercialization efforts of fuel cell technology and other advanced energy methods can be an important piece of the overall solution to provide more clean energy. Ceramic
components are becoming increasingly important in the cleantech market space, providing means for ion transport, thermal management, catalysis of gases and liquids, power generation, energy storage, hydrogen purification and storage generation of light, and energy from waste processes.
Speaker: John olenick, Ceo and President, enrG inc.
Business Track: Raw-Materials Trends Impacting the Ceramics and glass Community
We currently live in a technologically rich culture where the existence and operation of reliable infrastructure and devices are, for the most part, taken for granted. With what might be considered as the reluctant acceptance of climate change and the effect our species is having on our own environment, society has become aware of the need for sustainable solutions to the choices we make and the industries we support. Many raw materials neces-
sary to support our critical technologies are imported, and, therefore, there exists a risk as to their long-term supply and availability. Current initiatives to ensure supply chain security and how technology might better be used to deliver a sustainable tomorrow will be discussed.
Speaker: Mark Patterson, Director research initiatives, College of engineering, University of Arizona
CLs 2011 features three concurrent tracks: energy innovations; Business of Ceramics; and innovative Applications for Ceramic Materials. Leaders from a variety of organizations will present opportunities and challenges in the ceramics and glass materials community. Register at www.ceramics.org/cls2011 before July 1st to save $125.
Kevin S. Jones
Thomas Abraham
John olenick
Mark Patterson
Sylvia M. Johnson
corporate SponSorShipProvide general conference support at one of three levels
Platinum $5,000 gold $3,500 Silver $2,000
Contact Pat Janeway for details at 614-794-5826 or [email protected]
CLs 2011 features three concurrent tracks: energy innovations; Business of Ceramics; and innovative Applications for Ceramic Materials. Leaders from a variety of organizations will present opportunities and challenges in the ceramics and glass materials community. Register at
Ceramic Leadership Summit 2011
49American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
WedNesday, augusT 3, 2011
9:30 – 10:25 a.m.applications Track: Bioengineering soft Tissue with Ceramics
For much of the past 40 years, a hydroxyapatite-based material or a bioactive glass that formed hydroxyapatite in-vivo was thought to be the ideal material for an orthopedic implant. Forming an appropriate end material in-vitro or in-vivo and the material’s ability to stimulate bone cells were the main areas of study. A new way of looking at regenerative materials is not just focusing on bone-specific criteria, but also understanding the role
soft tissue plays in the healing process. Connective tissue heals in a similar fashion. Therefore, understanding how to stimulate soft tissue growth (i.e., angiogenesis) with implant materials can be used to enhance healing in hard and soft tissue applications.
Speaker: Steve Jung, Senior research & Development engineer, Mo-Sci Corporation.
10:45 – 11:40 a.m. energy Track: solar energy developmentsThe conversion of solar power to electricity can take place by photovol-taic or solar cells as well as by use of solar power plants. This session will explore new developments in solar energy technology. Check www.ceramics.org/cls2011 for an updated description of this session.
Speaker: Coming Soon
Business Track: The Market Outlook for energy-Related Technologies
emerging markets provide great opportunity for materials suppliers and researchers, because they spur the growth of new supply chains for novel applications. Here we review the drivers creating opportunities for ceramic materials in several areas, including electric vehicles, advanced coatings and composites, and water treatment. The presentation will sort through the hype surrounding these markets, examine trends in each of these areas and discuss the economic,
regulatory and technical factors that affect adoption now and in the future.
Speaker: Kevin See, Analyst, Lux research
applications Track: advances in glass strength and the Impact on society
Glass is prized for its ability to transmit light, be formed into miraculous shapes and resist chemical corrosion. Today’s commercial glass fails to tap 99.5 percent of its theoretical strength and has one major flaw – it breaks. The vision of the Usable Glass Strength Coalition is to bridge the gap between the lab strength of glass and the usable commercial strength of glass, enabling dramatic
innovations in design and sustainability. The presentation will discuss the challenge of forming a precompetitive research coalition of industry, university and government agencies to support a fundamental research agenda to improve usable glass strength.
Speaker: Louis Mattos Jr., Senior Scientist, The Coca-Cola Company
1:00 – 1:55 p.m.energy Track: small Modular Nuclear Reactors
The small modular reactor concept is changing paradigms in nuclear power by providing small, grid-appropriate reactors with enhanced features, including passive safety controls. Additionally, SMrs are generally shop-fabricat-ed, greatly reducing capital costs and opening new opportunities in the manufacturing sector, including materials manufacturing. The presentation will discuss these opportunities and cover recent SMr developments.
Speaker: Terry Michalske, Laboratory Director, Savannah river national Laboratory
1:00 – 2:55 p.m.
Business Track: Business ValuationBusiness owners and entrepreneurs will get practical tools and learn how to package their business to make it attractive to a buyer; how to maximize the future potential of the business; how to increase sales through marketing/market research; how to make an organiza-tional plan; how to substantiate goodwill; and more. in addition, the step-by-step process will cover practical aspects of the sale-of-business process; how to transfer
a business to family and employees using an eSoP; how to target and attract suitable buyers; how to negotiate an increase in price on the basis of favorable deal structuring; and practical examples on the sale-of-business process.
Speaker: Allen oppenheimer, President, A.M. oppenheimer inc.
Terry Michalske
Kevin See
Louis Mattos Jr.
hyatt regency Baltimore300 Light street, Baltimore, Md 21202402-592-6464 | 888-421-1442
Room ratessingle/double/Triple/Quad– $199.00 plus taxgovernment– $161.00 (access code: aCsgOV0711)
discount cut-off date: July 8, 2011Make reservations at www.ceramics.org/cls2011.
Steve Jung
Allen oppenheimer
Know someone at your company, institution or university who is a rising star? Nominate that person to be a part of the Future Leaders Program at the Ceramic Leadership summit. To nominate young professionals or for more information, contact Megan Bricker at [email protected].
50 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
1:00 – 1:55 p.m.applications Track: Ceramic applications in the automo-tive Industry
Ceramic materials are widely used in the automotive industry as structural or functional components, such as pump seals, catalyst supports, particulate filters, spark plugs, sensors or piezoelectric actuators. other ceramic parts have been developed but never used in mass production, because of high costs, insufficient reliability or only minor benefits to system performance. To open new markets for ceramic components, feasibility studies and prototypes are required
to demonstrate the potential of an enhanced efficiency. The presentation will cover potential uses of engineering ceramics for local strengthening of light-weight metal parts with porous ceramic preforms or for corrosive and tribologically highly stressed pump components. The current status of piezoelectric actuators for fuel injection systems and PTC heaters, as well as the challenges for alternative materials to lead containing compounds also will be discussed.
Speaker: Michael J. Hoffmann, Professor and Head of the institute of Ceramics for Mechanical engineering, Karlsruhe institute of Technology
2:00 – 2:55 p.m.energy Track: Materials Needs in alternative & Renewable energy for the automotive Industry
Great progress has been made in recent years relative to battery technology. Primary concerns associated with lithium-ion batteries and high-volume traction applications are associated with cost, life (cycle and calendar) and performance over a wide temperature range. Despite these concerns, it is well recognized that soon lithium-ion batteries will be used in a variety of electrified vehicles, spanning from engine start/stop applications to hybrid electric vehicles to
pure electric vehicles. Hence, it is critically important to understand phenomena governing the durability of lithium-ion cells within the context of traction applications and to identify improved electrode materials. The presentation will focus on (1) the combined mechanical and chemical degradation of lithium-ion electrode materials, including recent theoretical and experimental methods to clarify the governing phenomena; (2) new materials offering promising high-energy/high-power applications; and (3) how global energy challenges, trends in personal transportation and electrochemical energy storage technologies relate.
Speaker: Mark Verbrugge, Director, Chemical Sciences and Materi-als Systems Lab, General Motors research & Development Center
Business Track: Raw Materials scarcity and Its Impact on the u.s. advanced Ceramic Technological development, an Industrial Perspectiveraw-material considerations play a considerable role in the engineering activities of many U.S. corporations manufacturing ceramic products. Such considerations play a central role in the technology development roadmaps and how they are implemented. The impact of current raw-
materials scarcity issues, such as indium and the rare-earth elements, are central considerations for a number of advanced technology applications. Data will be presented that can serve as a predictive model for the supply and demand for various raw materials in the 5 to 30 year time frame. Various approaches taken by industries and governments around the world to address these issues will be reviewed. Finally, proactive strategies
will be discussed on handling scarcity issues with an emphasis on aligning research and development activities to address current and potential future issues involving the supply of critical raw materials.
Speaker: Michael Hill, Technical Director, research and Development, Trans-Tech inc.
CLoSinG GenerAL SeSSion
3:15 – 5:00 p.m.Connecting Research, Technology and Manufacturing research and innovation are critical to development of technology that can transform the world. This session features presentations from two leaders from organizations within the United States and europe that help connect research, technology and manufacturing. each presentation will be followed by a facilitated dialog with Summit participants.
Case study IThe national Science Foundation is the primary source of support for basic research and education in science and engineering throughout the U.S. academic community. At nSF, the Directorate for engineering has historically occu-pied a unique and interesting space within the Foundation, and today is no different. Similar to other directorates, most of enG investments support basic research and dis-
covery. But a portion of the enG portfolio of investments directly addresses the important translation of the fruits of successful basic research into products and processes of societal benefit. What can one federal agency (the nSF) reasonably do to stimulate innovation and economic development through strategic investments in our nation’s colleges and universities?
Speaker: Thomas W. Peterson, Assistant Director for engineering, national Science Foundation
Case study 2Advanced ceramics have enormous potential for high-tech markets, such as energy and environmental technology. Several case studies of Fraunhofer projects and of industrial partners will show how technology transfer can be expedited within the Fraunhofer model. one important feature of those projects is that r&D is done along the whole value chain, including proof of
principle up to prototyping as well as up-scaling to preseries production. This approach leads to shorter time to market and reduces risks, such as retentivity costs. As examples, fuel cell storage and filtration applications will be covered.
Speaker: Alexander Michaelis, Director, Fraunhofer institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems
Alexander Michaelis
Mark Verbrugge
Michael Hill
Michael Hoffman
Thomas W. Peterson
Ceramic Leadership Summit 2011
Organized by: Sponsored by:Organized by: Organized by: Sponsored by:Sponsored by:
Program Previewwww.matscitech.org
Materials Science & Technology2011 Conference & Exhibition
®
OctOber 16–20, 2011 | cOlumbus, OhiO usA
Program PreviewThe leading forum
addressing structure,
properties, process-
ing and performance
across the materials
community.
across the materials
across the materials
across the materials
community.
community.
community.
Join us for ACerS 113th Annual Meeting!
52 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
®
Materials Science & Technology 2011 Conference & Exhibition
ACerS Lectures and Special Events
Sunday, October 16
5:00 – 6:00 p.m. Frontiers of Science and Society Rustum Roy LectureDeborah L. Wince-Smith, president and CEO of the Council
on Competitiveness
Monday, October 17
8:00 a.m. – Noon Plenary SessionSubra Suresh, director of the National Science Foundation, will discuss the importance of the U.S.’s science & technol-
ogy work force, followed by several prominent speakers on related topics.
2:00 – 5:20 p.m. ACerS Cooper Award Session on Glass Relaxation“The Physics of Iso-Structural Viscosity,” Prabhat Gupta, Ohio State
University
“Relaxation of Density Fluctuations in Glass,” John C. Mauro, Corning Incor-porated
“Automatic and Robust TNM Model Parameter Estimation from Multirate DSC Data,” Robert G. Erdmann, University of Arizona
“Investigation of Dynamic Processes in Chalcogenide Glasses by Modulated DSC,” Pierre Lucas, University of Arizona
2:00 – 4:40 p.m. ACerS Richard M. Fulrath Award Session Japanese Academic: Junichi Tatami, Yokohama National University
Japanese Industrial: Eiichi Koga, Panasonic Electronic Devices Co.; and Atsushi Omote, Panasonic Corp.
American Academic: Roger Narayan, University of North Carolina and NorthCarolina State University
American Industrial: Sujanto Widjaja, Corning Incorporated
Tuesday, October 18
8:00 – 9:00 a.m. ACerS Arthur L. Friedberg Memorial Lecture“Processing Dielectric Oxides – New Opportunities and Chal-lenges,” Clive A. Randall, Pennsylvania State University
1:00 – 2:00 p.m. ACerS Edward Orton Jr. Memorial LectureGary Messing, Pennsylvania State University
Wednesday, October 19
1:00 – 2:00 p.m.ACerS Robert B. Sosman Lecture“Interface Structure Dependent Microstructural Evolution in Ceramics,” Suk-Joong L. Kang, KAIST
Sunday, October 16, 2011 Welcome Reception 6:00 – 7:30 p.m.Network with your colleagues, meet new people and learn about the exciting membership offerings of the organizing societies.
Monday, October 17, 2011 ACerS 113th Annual Meeting 1:00 – 2:00 p.m. Newly elected officers take their positions, and the Annual Membership Meeting is held. All ACerS members and guests are welcome.
Women in Materials Science and Engineering Reception 5:30 – 6:30 p.m.Enjoy the chance to network with professionals and peers in a relaxed environment.
ACerS Annual Honors and Awards Banquet 7:30 – 9:30 p.m.Enjoy dinner, conversation and the presentation of Society awards. Purchase tickets for $80 via the registration form.
Special Events
53American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
OctOber 16–20, 2011 | cOlumbus, OhiO usA
MS&T’11 Exhibitors (as of 04/29/11)
Booth# Company
632 Across International736 AdValue Technology LLC518 Agilent Technologies824 Aldrich Material Science725 Alfred University705 Allied High Tech Products Inc.717 American Stress Technologies Inc.618 Analytical Reference Materials International506 Angstrom Scientific Inc.719 Anter Corporation724 Applied Test Systems Inc.604 Avure Technologies Inc.627 Bose Corporation432 Brook Anco Corporation825 Buehler721 Carbolite504 Carl Zeiss MicroImaging505 Carl Zeiss SMT620 Centorr Vacuum Industries inc.733 Cilas Particle Size510 CM Furnaces Inc.818 CompuTherm LLC527 CSM Instruments516 Dialog LLC414 EDAX Inc.645 Elsevier515 Engineered Pressure Systems Inc. (EPSI)524 Evans Analytical Group815 FEI Company836 Fluid Imaging Technologies608 Gasbarre Products Inc. (PTX-Pentronix)411 Goodfellow Corporation610 Granta Design609 Harrop Industries Inc.710 High Temperature Materials Laboratory404 Hitachi High Technologies America Inc.814 Horiba Scientific621 Innov-X605 JEOL USA Inc.508 LAEIS GMBH805 LECO Corporation633 Metal Samples Company625 Metcut Research Inc.720 Micromeritics Instruments Corporation750 Microtrac737 MTI Corporation715 MTS Systems Corporation637 Nanovea704 Netzsch Instruments North America LLC704 Netzsch Premier Technology LLC614 NIST415 NSL Analytical Services Inc.611 Oxford Instruments407 PANalytical514 Proto Manufacturing Inc.745 Sente Software Ltd.626 Spectro Analytical Instruments Inc.615 Struers Inc.
Booth# Company
521 TEC804 Tescan USA810 Thermcraft Inc.509 Thermo Scientific606 Thermo-Cal Software745 Thermotech820 UES Inc.405 Union Process Inc.708 Wiley
Contact Pat Janeway to reserve your booth space at MS&T’11.
54 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
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mAteriAls science & technOlOgy 2011 cOnference & exhibitiOn
MS&T’11 Student Activities
MS&T’11 Student Chapter Travel GrantsThe Material Advantage Student Program offers $500 travel grants to student chapters in support of attending AISTech, the TMS annual meeting, or the ACerS and ASM annual meetings held at MS&T.
The student chapter may determine how the grant is spent, either to cover many students’ hotel costs or to cover one or two students traveling from afar. The grants are restricted to one grant per chapter per academic year. All grants are issued in check form to the chapter advisor and will be sent after the event upon verification that the chapter was in attendance. If a chapter has special circum-stances that require the checks to be issued prior to the meeting, exceptions can be made on a case per case basis. Travel grants will be awarded on a first come, first served basis, so act early!
Chapters must be active and in good standing to be eligible for a travel grant. For more information, contact Candace Cunningham at [email protected] or by phone at 1-800-336-5152, ext. 5527.
Deadline for travel grant applications is October 3, 2011.
Student MonitorsStudents may partially defray expenses by serving as session monitors. Monitors assist session chairs, record session attendance statistics, assist with audio/visual equipment, etc. Monitor positions are limited and are assigned on a first come, first served basis. Interested students should contact Marla Boots at [email protected].
Saturday, October 15 Chapter Leadership Workshop (Date & time subject to change)Network and share best practices. This workshop provides a detailed introduc-tion to the Material Advantage Student Program for chapter officers. Registration for this workshop as well as MS&T conference registration is required. This workshop is for Material Advantage Chapter Officers only. Contact Candace Cunningham at [email protected] for more information.
Sunday, October 16 Undergraduate Student Speaking ContestMS&T hosts the national semifinal and final rounds of the Material Advan-tage Undergraduate Student Speaking Contest, organized by the Ceramic Educational Council. Each Material Advantage Chapter is encouraged to hold local contests on campus prior to MS&T. Local contest winners will advance to the semifinal/final rounds. The presentation subject must be technical but can relate to any aspect of materials science and engineering. Participants receive a $300 travel grant awarded at the end of the semifinal/final rounds. Winners of the finals receive cash prizes. For contest rules, contact Tricia Nicol at [email protected]. National contestants must be reported to Kristen Brosnan at [email protected] by September 23, 2011.
Undergraduate Poster ContestStop by the Greater Columbus Convention Center to view all the submissions to the 2011 undergraduate poster contest. The posters will be displayed from Sunday, October 16, to Wednesday, October 19. For more information about this poster contest for undergraduates or to enter a poster abstract, contact Ed Sabolsky at [email protected]. Deadline for poster abstracts is Sept. 23, 2011.
Career ForumDiscuss career options with professionals in industry, academia and govern-ment. Get insight into the value of professional memberships, make industry connections and learn about career opportunities from those with experience.
Graduate School Information Students interested in graduate school will benefit from discussing pros and cons with graduate students at this session. Hear directly from university rep-resentatives about the process for applying to and selecting a graduate school program.
Art of NetworkingImprove your networking skills and learn how to meet and talk with people who may be able to impact your future!
Student Networking MixerJoin in this relaxed, casual and fun atmosphere designed for students, Material Advantage Faculty Advisors and society volunteer leaders. Students are encour-aged to wear their school colors. Music will be provided.
Monday, October 17ACerS Student Tour (Time and location to be determined)Students have the great opportunity to attend a tour, organized by ACerS Presi-dent’s Council of Student Advisors, during MS&T’11 in Columbus, Ohio. Bus transportation will be provided to and from the tour. Space is limited. Stay tuned for more information in the near future. Contact Tricia Nicol at [email protected] for more information.
AIST Student Plant Tour 12:30 p.m. – 4:00 p.m.Take advantage of this great opportunity to see a steel mill in action. Whether you are already interested in steel or would like to learn about the industry, sign up for this tour. Contact Chris McKelvey for more information and to register at [email protected].
AIST Steel Industry Student Recruiting Reception 7:00 – 9:00 p.m. Students are invited to meet and talk with representatives from the steel industry about the high technology required in today’s steel industry. Find out what great career opportunities are available. Be sure to bring your résumé for internships and job leads. RSVP to Chris McKelvey at [email protected].
Tuesday, October 18 Professional & Student Recruitment & Career PavilionStop by the new Professional Recruitment & Career Pavilion in the expo hall on Tuesday and Wednesday during regular exhibit hall hours. Visit booths, talk with company reps and view job postings in the Career Pavilion while you explore the exhibit hall. This is your chance to make valuable contacts with potential employers. Admission to the Career Pavilion is included in your conference registration fee.
Mug Drop ContestMugs fabricated by students from ceramic raw materials are judged on aesthet-ics and breaking thresholds. Mugs are dropped from varying levels until the breaking threshold is reached. The mug with the highest successful drop dis-tance wins! To compete, register no later than Oct. 7, 2011, by contacting Greg Hilmas at [email protected].
Putter ContestTeams of four students compete using putters and balls they fabricated. Each team member must have his or her own putter and ball, which are judged prior to the contest. Prizes are awarded on aesthetics, closest putt, and best putting team (the team achieving the shortest combined distance from the hole). To register your team of four, contact Greg Hilmas at [email protected] no later than Oct. 7, 2011.
Student Awards Ceremony Congratulate the winner’s of this year’s contests: Material Advantage Chapters of Excellence; Student Speaking Contest; Graduate and Undergraduate Poster Contests; Mug Drop Contest; Putter Contest; TMS Superalloys Awards; ASM Materials Design Competition; AIST/AISI Scholarships; and Keramos National Chapter Awards.
Wednesday, October 19 Professional & Student Recruitment & Career PavilionStop by the new Professional Recruitment & Career Pavilion in the exhibit hall on Tuesday and Wednesday during regular exhibit hall hours. Visit booths, talk with company reps and view job postings in the Career Pavilion while you explore the exhibit hall. This is your chance to make valuable contacts with potential employers. Admission to the Career Pavilion is included in your confer-ence registration fee.
Register at www.matscitech.org today!
55American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
OctOber 16–20, 2011 | cOlumbus, OhiO usA
MS&T’11 Short Courses
Sunday, October 16
9 a.m.–5 p.m.Modern Statistics, Data Analysis and Specimen/Structural Reliability ModelingInstructors: Jeffrey T. Fong, P.E., National Institute of
Standards & Technology and Stephen W. Freiman, Freiman Consulting Location: The Columbus RenaissanceDescription: This course is ideal for practicing engineers and engineering students. Some basic knowledge of statistics is necessary. It would be particu-larly helpful if each student had a reliability problem of their own that could be addressed in the class.
Thursday, October 20
8:30 a.m.–5:30 p.m.Achieving Your Goals through Effective CommunicationInstructor: Larry Wagner
Location: Hyatt Regency ColumbusDescription: What if you could influence others to gain support and resources, resolve inevitable conflicts with professional confidence and give and receive important feedback that will lead to continuously improving business and building stronger business relationships? Learn the techniques of effective communication ranging from one-on-one situations to presenting information to large groups. This course is structured so that attendees can immediately begin developing these important skills through practice in small group settings. At the completion of this course, the attendee will be able to •Confirmtheirperceptionofothersperspectivesthroughactivelistening skills; •Providefeedbackfocusedonachievingpositiveresults; •Receivefeedbackandmodifytheirapproachtoimproveperformance; •Understandthemultipleperspectivesofkeydecisionmakersanddevelop an effective influencing strategy; •Manageconflictusingoptimizedapproaches;and •Modifytheircommunicationstyledependingonthetargetaudienceand technology used.
Thursday, October 20Friday, October 21
8:30 a.m.–5:30 p.m. and 8:30–11:30 a.m.Fundamentals of Glass Science and Technology, Fractography LabInstructor: Arun K. Varshneya, Saxon Glass TechnologiesLocation: Crowne PlazaDescription: The course covers basic glass science and
technology in order to broaden or improve one’s foundation in the understand-ing of glass as a material of choice. Topics include glass science (commercial glass families, glassy state, nucleation and crystallization, phase separation, glass structure); glass technology, batch calculations; glassmelting and glass forming; glass properties and engineering principles; and elementary fracture analysis. At the end of the course, the attendee should be able to •Knowthevariouscommercialoxideglassfamilies,theirnominalchemical composition and their key properties that are important for applications; •Understanditsphysicalrelationshiptoliquidsandsolids; •Haveageneralideaofkeyphysicalandchemicalpropertiesthatleadto common applications; and •Knowthebasicsofglassmeltingandglassforming,includingannealingof the more common commercial glass products.
Thursday, October 20Friday, October 21
8:30 a.m.–5:30 p.m. and 8:30–11:30 a.m.Sintering of CeramicsInstructor: Mohamed N. Rahaman, Missouri University of Science and TechnologyLocation: Crowne PlazaDescription: The course covers (1) a review of sintering
basics: characterization of sintering (methods used to measure/monitor the progress of sintering); driving forces; diffusion and defect chemistry; solid-state and viscous sintering; microstructure development and control; liquid-phase sintering; (2) special topics: effect in homogeneities on sintering; constrained sintering of composites, adherent thin films and multilayers; solid solutions additives (dopants); reaction sintering; viscous sintering with crystallization; (3) sintering practice: (4) “how to do” sintering; effect of various materials and processing parameters on sintering; and (5) case studies. The attendee will develop sufficient background in the principles and practice of sintering to be able to •Dosinteringtoachievespecifiedtargetmicrostructures; •Understandthedifficultiesencounteredinpracticalsintering;and •Takepracticalstepstorectifytheproblemsencounteredinproducing required target microstructures.
Register at www.matscitech.org
today!
56 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
July 24–26, 2011 Nashville, Tn, USAwww.ceramics.org/cements2011
2nd Advances in Cement-Based Materials: Characterization, Processing, Modeling and Sensing
Register by June 24, 2011, to save $125.
Register now to attend Cements 2011, hosted July 24–26, 2011, by Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tenn. The meeting is co-organized by the Cements Division of ACerS and the Center for Advanced Cement-Based Materials.
TutorialThis year’s tutorial is “Geochemical speciation modeling and transport processes applied to cement-based ma-terials” and will feature Barbara Lothenbach from EMPA, the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology.
LectureThe Della Roy Lecture, sponsored by Elsevier, will be given by Karen Scrivener, professor and head of the Laboratory of Construction Materials at Ecole Polytech-nique Fédérale de Lausanne (Switzerland) and founder of the Nanocem Consortium.
Sunday, July 24, 2011
Registration Noon to 6:00 p.m. FGH AtriumTutorial 1:00 to 4:30 p.m. FGH AuditoriumPoster Session & Reception 4:30 to 6:00 p.m. FGH Atrium
Monday, July 25, 2011
Registration 7:30 a.m. to 6:30 p.m. FGH AtriumTechnical Session 8:30 to 10:00 a.m. FGH AuditoriumBreak 10:00 to 10:30 a.m. FGH AtriumTechnical Session 2:00 to 3:30 p.m. FGH AuditoriumCements Division General Business Meeting 3:30 to 4:30 p.m. FGH AuditoriumDella Roy Lecture & Reception 4:30 to 6:30 p.m. FGH Auditorium & Atrium
Tuesday, July 26, 2011 Registration 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. FGH AtriumTechnical Session 8:30 to 10:00 a.m. FGH AuditoriumBreak 10:00 to 10:30 a.m. FGH AtriumTechnical Session 10:30 a.m. to Noon FGH AuditoriumTechnical Session 2:00 to 3:30 p.m. FGH AuditoriumBreak 3:30 to 4:00 p.m. FGH AtriumTechnical Session 4:00 to 4:45 p.m. FGH Auditorium
Technical ProgramAuthors will present oral and poster presentations on• Cement chemistry and nano/microstructure. Hydration of cement, aqueous thermodynamics and high-temperature chemistry, supplementary cementi-tious materials, structure and properties of C–S–H and C–S–H composites, and microstructure evolution.
• Advances in multiscale material characterization. New developments regarding experimental techniques for characterizing hydration, nano/microstructure, early age properties, rheology, hardened properties, dura-bility and other physical and chemical phenomena of cementitious materials and cement-based composites.
• Alternative cementitious materials and material modification. Manufacture of next-generation cements, including low energy/”green” cements, geopolymers and other novel binders. Addition of nanosized and nanostructured materials, including organic additives
SponsorshipFor Corporate Sponsorship opportunities, contact Patricia Janeway at [email protected] or 614-794-5826.
Schedule of EventsFGH = Vanderbilt University’s Featheringill Hall
57American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
and their interactions in cementitious systems.
• Multiscale concrete durability. Properties of ce-ment pastes governing durability, concrete deterioration mechanisms, methodology for testing durability, trans-port processes and service life predictions.
• Advances in computational material science and chemo/mechanical modeling of cement-based ma-terials. New developments in modeling the behavior of cement-based materials, including chemical, mechani-cal and physical behavior as applied to durability and interaction of cementitious materials with the environ-ment; hydration kinetics and microstructural evolution modeling.
• Smart materials and sensors. Advances in sensor technology for monitoring fresh, hardened properties and physical and chemical degradation processes.
Meeting OrganizationFlorence SanchezProgram ChairVanderbilt UniversityAssociate Professor, Civil & Environmental Engineering615-322-5135 Jason WeissCo-ChairPurdue UniversityProfessor, Civil Engineering and Director Pankow Materials Laboratory765-494-2215
Kyle A. RidingCo-ChairKansas State UniversityAssistant Professor, Civil & Environmental Engineering785-532 1578
Jeff ChenCo-ChairLafarge Centre de RechercheGroup Leader+33 4 74 82 84 02
ACerS Cements Division LeadershipDivision Chair: Zachary C. Grasley, Texas A&M UniversityChair-Elect: Paramita Mondal, University of IllinoisSecretary: Benjamin Mohr, Tennessee Technological UniversityTrustee: Joseph J. Biernacki, Tennessee Technological University
ACBM LeadershipDirector: Surendra P. ShahAssociate Director: Jason Weiss
Hotel Information Marriott Nashville at Vanderbilt University 2555 West End Avenue Nashville, TN 37203 Phone: 615-321-1300/1-800-285-0190 Fax: 615-340-5142
To make reservations online for the Marriott Nashville at Vanderbilt University, visit www.ceramics.org/cements2011. When making a reservation by phone, mention The American Ceramic Society room block. Secure your room by June 24, 2011, to ensure the discounted rate.
Rate: $139.00 Single/Double Occupancy
Discount cut-off date: June 24, 2011
58 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
resources
All ACerS members are provided free online access to the International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology. Go to www.ceramics.org, enter your username and password and then go to the “Publications & Resources” menu. Print subscriptions to this journal (not free to members) are sold online by Wiley–Blackwell Publishing, www.wiley.com.
New papers are posted to the “Online Early” page as soon as they are ready for publication, even before the issue is printed. Below are samples of what’s coming.
High Performance Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Fabricated with Ni–Yttria Stabilized Zirconia Anode Prepared by Electroless TechniqueMadhumita Mukhopadhyay, Jayanta Mukhopadhyay, Abhijit Das Sharma and Rajendra N. Basu
This CSIR (India) research team used a 28-volume-percent-nickel–8-mole-percent-yttria-stabilized zirconia cermet and an electroless technique to prepare a solid oxide fuel cell anode that was used as the anode support and anode active layer. The anode was used in a high-per-formance cell that exhibited a significantly low degradation rate during long-term testing.
Fabrication of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia-Based Honeycomb BiofiltersGorka Gallastegui, Ana Elías and Juan Carlos Ruiz-Morales
This Spanish team of researchers used yttrium-stabilized zirconia and NOMEX™ mesh to fabricate honeycombs for biofiltration of toluene in air. The team reports that the structures were stable and allowed the attachment of biofilms with no evidence of deterioration. Moreover, the biofilters can be incinerated and reused if the removal effi-ciency decreases, and they can be fabricated from aged solid oxide fuel cell yttrium-stabilized zirconia.
Bonding SiC to SiC Using a Sodium Silicate SolutionAlix Preston and Guido Mueller
Preston and Mueller used only a small amount of sodium silicate solution to bond several pairs of SiC materials that had various surface roughnesses. They thermally cycled the bond and cut the bonded pieces to test the durability of the adhesion process.
Effect of Graphite Pore-Forming Agents on the Sintering Characteristics of Ni/YSZ Composites for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ApplicationsRyan M.C. Clemmer and Stephen F. Corbin
Canadians Clemmer and Corbin studied the effect on porosity by the addition of graphite to tape-cast nickel oxide and yttria-stabilized zirconia composites. They attrib-uted the sintering anisotropy to the delamination of the tape cast layers caused by the large volume of exit gases formed during graphite burnout.
A New Highly Bioactive Composite for Bone Tissue RepairDevis Bellucci, Valeria Cannillo and Antonella Sola
This Italian research team reports that it has sintered BioK glass–hydroxyapatite-based composites at low temper-ature, which preserved the amorphous nature of the glass. The team further reports the composites exhibit excellent bioactivity properties and preserve their local mechanical properties during immersion in body fluids.
Fabrication of Thin-Films Composed of ZnO Nanorods Using Electrophoretic DepositionYukihiro Hara, Jeffrey R. S. Brownson and Marc A. Anderson
These researchers from the University of Wisconsin–Madison and Pennsylvania State University used template-free electrophoretic deposition to fabricate thin films com-posed of ZnO nanorods on transparent conductive oxide glasses. They then used the ZnO nanorod thin films and ZnO nanopowder thin films to construct photoelectrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells. They report that the cells con-structed of ZnO nanorods displayed higher efficiency.
Biological and Mechanical Properties of Nanohydroxyapatite-Containing Carbon/Carbon CompositesDanuta Mikociak, Stanislaw Blazewicz and Jerzy Michalowski
This research team from Poland prepared carbon/carbon composites from pitch precursors modified with hydroxyap-atite nanopowder. The team reports that the hydroxyapa-tite-nanopowder-modified composites have good mechani-cal properties and improved bioactivity in simulated body fluid compared with the pure carbon.
Int’l Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology preview
59American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
All ACerS members are provided free online access to the International Journal of Applied Glass Science. Go to www.ceramics.org, enter your username and password and then go to the “Publications and Resources” menu. Print subscriptions (not free to members) also are sold online by Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, www.wiley.com.
New papers are posted to the “Online Early” page as soon as they are ready for publication, even before the issue is printed. Below are samples of what’s coming.
Homogeneity of Inorganic Glasses: Quantification and RankingMartin Jensen, Long Zhang, Ralf Keding and Yuanzheng Yue
This team of Danish and Chinese researchers describes a simple approach using image processing to quantify and rank the homogeneity of various glass products based on optical intensity and striation dimensions of the glasses obtained. The team reports that this new method has a wider detection range and a lower statistical uncertainty than the refractive index method.
Inward and Outward Diffusion of Modifying Ions and Its Impact on the Properties of Glasses and Glass-CeramicsMorten M. Smedskjaer and Yuanzheng Yue
Aalborg University researchers Smedskjaer and Yue report inward and outward diffusion processes in glasses and glass-ceramics caused by redox reactions by mapping diffu-sion depth and thermal reduction temperature and time in a three-dimensional diagram as well as correlation among the glass composition, structure, topology and the diffusion process in the polyvalent elements containing glasses. They suggest diffusion approaches are potential tools for tailoring surface performances of bulk glasses and glass fibers.
Nanoindentation of Soda-Lime-Silica Glass: Effect of Loading RateArjun Dey, Riya Chakraborty and Anoop Kumar Mukhopadhyay
This research team from India conducted many nanoin-dentation experiments on a thin commercial soda-lime-sil-ica glass using a Berkovich tip at a constant load as a func-tion of variations in the loading rates. The team reports that the nanohardness of the glass increased as the loading rate increased and that the presence of serrations in load–depth plots and deformation band formations inside the nanoindentaion cavities were more vividly observed in the
nanoindentation experiments conducted at lower loading rates than at higher loading rates.
Correlation of Structure and Photoelastic Response in Tin Phosphate GlassVincent Martin, Ulrike Werner-Zwanziger, Josef W. Zwanziger and Richard A. Dunlap
These Canadian researchers tested an empirical model established to predict the photoelastic response of a glass (in this case (SnO)x(P2O5)1−x) based on its composition and the crystalline structure of its constituents. They report that, although the model based on data on the pure components predicted the composition of the zero stress optic glass to within about 15 mole percent, inclusion of data on mixed systems, more reflective of the true glass structure, gave substantial improvement of the prediction.
Gas Solubility in Glasses: Principles and ApplicationsJames F. Shackelford
University of California researcher Shackelford reviews numerous practical applications of the solubility of gases in glass. He focuses on gas solubility in rigid glasses below the glass transition temperature, but recognizes the related problem of gas solubility in glassmelts, a problem of sub-stantial commercial interest.
Preventing Sodium Poisoning of Photocatalytic TiO2 Films on Glass by Metal DopingMurat Erdem Kurtoglu, Travis Longenbach and Yury Gogotsi
This American and Turkish research team compared photocatalytic activities on glass and SiO2-precoated glass to determine the effects of silver, cobalt, copper, gallium, molyb-denum and tantalum doping on the prevention of sodium poisoning of sol–gel TiO2 films. The team reports that molyb-denum- and tantalum-doped TiO2 films showed significantly reduced sodium poisoning compared with undoped films.
Molded Glass-Ceramics for Infrared ApplicationsMathieu Rozé, Laurent Calvez, Mathieu Hubert, Perrine Toupin, Bruno Bureau, Catherine Boussard-Plédel and Xiang-Hua Zhang
This research team from France investigated the feasi-bility of making molded glass-ceramics transparent in the second and third atmospheric window. The team reports that as-prepared glass-ceramics containing GeGa4Se8 nanocrystals demonstrated wide infrared transparency and high resistance to thermal and mechanical shock.
International Journal of Applied Glass Science preview
resources
60 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
resources
Calendar of eventsJune 20115–7 Society of Manufacturing Engineers Annual Conference – Hyatt Regency, Bellevue, Wash.; www.sme.org/
5–8 Fractography of Glasses and Ceramics VI – Jacksonville, Fla.; www.fractographyvi.com/index.html
8–10 ACerS Southwest Section Annual Meeting – Omni Mandalay Hotel, Las Colinas (Dallas-Irving), Texas; www.ceramics.org/sections/southwest-section
19–23 12th Conference of the European Ceramic Society – City Conference Center, Stockholm, Sweden; www.ecers2011.se
23–24 NanoSEC 2011: Nano Science and Engineering for Better Ceramics – MRC Auditorium, Indiant Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; www.incers.org/
26–July 1 7th Int’l Dendrimer Symposium 2011 – Gaithersburg, Md.; www.mrs.org/meetings
27–July 1 Semiconductor Technology for Ultra Large Scale Integrated Circuits and Thin Film Transistors – Hong Kong, China; www.engconf.org/11ax.html
24–28 ECCM15, the 15th European Conference on Composite Materials – Lido, Venice, Italy; www.eccm15.org
July 201110–14 PACRIM9: The 9th Int’l Meeting of Pacific Rim Ceramic Societies – Cairns, Australia; www. austceram.com/pacrim9.asp
10–14 9th Int’l Conference on Advances in the Fusion and Processing of Glass (held in conjuction with PACRIM9) – Cairns, Australia; www. austceram.com/pacrim9.asp
21–24 27th Convention of Mexican Ceramics Industry – Cancun Palace Hotel, Cancun, Mexico; www.soceram-norte.com.mx/
24–26 Cements Division/Center for Advanced Cement-Based Materials Annual Meeting – Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn., www.ceramics.org/ divisions/cements-division
28–29 NSF Ceramic Materials PI Workshop 2011 – Arlington, Va.; www.ceramics.org/nsfworkshop
August 20111–3 Ceramic Leadership Summit 2011 – Hyatt Regency, Baltimore, Md.; www.ceramics.org/cls2011
7–11 Int’l Workshop on Piezoelectric Materials and Applications 2011 for Clean Energy Systems & 3rd Annual CIMSS Conference – Hotel Roanoke, Roanoke, Va.; www.cpe.vt.edu/ehw
21–25 7th Int’l Conference on Borate Glasses, Crystals and Melts – Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; www.regonline.com/borate7
28–Sept. 1 Sintering 2011, Korean Ceramic Society and Korean Powder Metal Institute – Jeju Island, Korea; www.sintering2011.org
September 201112 ACerS Pittsburgh Section Annual Golf Outing – Lenape Heights Golf Course, Ford City, Pa., Las Colinas (Dallas-Irving), Texas; www.ceramics.org/sections/pittsburgh-section
12–14 WASTES: 1st Int’l Conference on Waste Solutions, Treatments and Opportunities – University Minho, Guimaräes, Portungal; www.wastes2011.org
12–14 imX Interactive Manufacturing Experience – Las Vegas Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nev.; www. imxevent.com
13–14 Nanopolymers 2011 – Radisson Blu Scandinavia Hotel, Düsseldorf, Germany; www.ismithers.net/confer-ences/XNAN11/nanopolymers-2011
20–22 Hi Temp Conference (Netzsch North America Instruments) –Millennium Hotel, Boston, Mass.; www. hitemp2011.com
20–24 Cersaie – Bologna, Italy.; www.cersaie.it
October 20112–7 EPD 2011: 4th Int’l Conference
on Electrophoretic Deposition – CasaMagna Marriott Hotel, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico; www.engconfintl.org/11ab.html
16–20 MS&T’11: Materials Science & Technology 2011 Conference and Exhibition – Greater Columbus Convention Center, Columbus, Ohio; www.matscitech.org
16–20 ACerS Annual Meeting and Awards Banquet – Renaissance Downtown Hotel, Columbus, Ohio; www.ceramics.org
12–22 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials & Devices – Suzhou, China; www. engconf.org/11an.html
19–20 54th Annual Int’l Colloquium on Refractories – Aachen, Germany; www.feuerfest-kolloquium.de or www. ecref.eu
24–26 LEDs 2011 – San diego Resort, San Diego, Calif.; www.led-sconference.com
30–Nov. 2 ACTSEA-2011: 3rd Int’l Symposium on Advanced Ceramics and Technology for Sustainable Energy Applications – Howard Beach Resort Kenting Hunchun Town, Pingtung, Taiwan; www.mse.ntu.edu.tw/~actsea2011
30–Nov. 2 UNITECR 2011: Unified Int’l Conference on Refractories, 12th Biennial Worldwide Congress – Kyoto International Conference Center, Kyoto, Japan; www.unitecr2011.org
November 20114–7 CICC-7: 7th Int’l Conference on High Performance Ceramics – Xiamen, China; www.ccs-cicc.com
8–10 Hi-Tech Build 2011 – Expocenter Pavilion 1, Moscow, Russia; www.hitechbuilding.ru
Dates in RED denote new entry in this issue.
Entries in BLUE denote ACerS events.
denotes meetings that ACerS cosponsors, endorses or other- wise cooperates in organizing.
61American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
Career Opportunities
PROOFof your advertisement for insertion in the
FEBRUARY issue
If any changes or corrections are needed, please call or fax within 48 hoursDebbie Plummer—Advertising Assistant
Phone (614) 794-5866 • Fax (614) 891-8960
PROOFAmerican Ceramic Society
Approved By: ________________________________________Signature Required
� Corrections Needed
� Approved as is, no corrections
Please FAX back approvals with a signature.Fax # 614-891-8960
QUALITY EXECUTIVE SEARCH, INC.Recru i t ing and Search Consu l tants
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This is a tremendous opportunity for a dynamic, bold, and enterprising individual possessing the right mix of skills.
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This is a tremendous opportunity for a dynamic, bold, and enterprising individual possessing the right mix of skills.
Qual i f i cat i ons & Requir ements: The successful candidate will possess five-years experience as a production manager along with solid organizational skills; be conscientious and detail oriented; with strong management skills; three to five years experience; an effective & efficient management technique; and ample experience with ISO & OSHA. Associates or bachelor degree with a working Ceramics background are definite plusses. Competent using Microsoft Excel, Access and Word programs. Dut ies & Responsibi l i t ies: Maintains product inventory; provides for efficient and effective scheduling and balancing of raw materials, production, and workforce. Directly manages a workforce of up to two dozen. Interacts positively with all levels of management & supervision.
Qual i f i cat i ons: Bachelor’s degree with course work in ceramics, physics, chemistry, and metallurgy. R efractory pressing exper i ence i s requir ed.
Responsibi l i t ies : Develop new ceramic products. Study and provide advice on the development of processing techniques concerned with the manufacture of ceramic products. Test physical, chemical, and heat-resisting properties of refractory materials. Analyze test results to determine the combination of materials that will improve quality and reduce costs. Investigate processing methods, including the forming and firing of refractory materials, to develop improved ceramic products. Design equipment and apparatus for forming, firing and handling ceramic products. Advise on testing of finished products for texture, color, durability, glaze and refractory properties. Troubleshoot process/product problems as they arise. A typical day for a ceramics engineer will vary. Some days may be spent in the office whereas others may work primarily in the manufacturing areas performing trials and DOE. LECO CORPOR ATION is an established world leader, with over a 75 year history, in the development, manufacture, of state of the art ceramics consumable product lines for industry, industrial monitoring and analysis. LECO is dedicated to ceramics research, development and manufacturing in both analytical and combustion applications employed by the investment castings industry, such as open and bottom pour ladles used to pour various grades of steel and aluminum. LECO provides a comprehensive benefit package; salary, relocation, training, benefits (vacation, 401(k), medical, and life insurance) and more for employees. Must be a U.S. Citizen or possess a valid unrestricted work authorization to work in the United States. For confidential consideration, please send a detailed resume including; work, salary history, and salary requirements.
Qualifications: Bachelor’s degree with course work in ceramics, physics, chemistry, and metallurgy. Refractory pressing experience is required.
Responsibilities: Develop new ceramic products. Study and provide advice on the development of processing techniques concerned with the manufacture of ceramic products. Test physical, chemical, and heat-resisting properties of refractory materials. Analyze test results to determine the combination of materials that will improve quality and reduce costs. Investigate processing methods, including the forming and firing of refractory materials, to develop improved ceramic products. Design equipment and apparatus for forming, firing and handling ceramic products. Advise on testing of finished products for texture, color, durability, glaze and refractory properties. Troubleshoot process/product problems as they arise. A typical day for a ceramics engineer will vary. Some days may be spent in the office whereas others may work primarily in the manufacturing areas performing trials and DOE.
LECO CORPORATION is an established world leader, with over a 75 year history, in the development, manufacture, of state of the art ceramics consumable product lines for industry, industrial monitoring and analysis. LECO is dedicated to ceramics research, development and manufacturing in both analytical and combustion applications employed by the investment castings industry, such as open and bottom pour ladles used to pour various grades of steel and aluminum.
LECO provides a comprehensive benefit package; salary, relocation, training, benefits (vacation, 401(k), medical, and life insurance) and more for employees. Must be a U.S. Citizen or possess a valid unrestricted work authorization to work in the United States. For confidential consideration, please send a detailed resume including; work, salary history, and salary requirements.
LECO Corporation
HR Dep artment – DP 3000 Lak e v i ew Av enue S aint Joseph, MI 49085
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Visit us at: www.leco.com Ma n dat ory: Su b stan ce Test i n g / Backgr o u n d
C heck & E-Ver ify
This is a tremendous opportunity for a dynamic, bold, and enterprising individual possessing the right mix of skills.
Qual i f i cat i ons & Requir ements: The successful candidate will possess five-years experience as a production manager along with solid organizational skills; be conscientious and detail oriented; with strong management skills; three to five years experience; an effective & efficient management technique; and ample experience with ISO & OSHA. Associates or bachelor degree with a working Ceramics background are definite plusses. Competent using Microsoft Excel, Access and Word programs. Dut ies & Responsibi l i t ies: Maintains product inventory; provides for efficient and effective scheduling and balancing of raw materials, production, and workforce. Directly manages a workforce of up to two dozen. Interacts positively with all levels of management & supervision.
Qual i f i cat i ons: Bachelor’s degree with course work in ceramics, physics, chemistry, and metallurgy. R efractory pressing exper i ence i s requir ed.
Responsibi l i t ies : Develop new ceramic products. Study and provide advice on the development of processing techniques concerned with the manufacture of ceramic products. Test physical, chemical, and heat-resisting properties of refractory materials. Analyze test results to determine the combination of materials that will improve quality and reduce costs. Investigate processing methods, including the forming and firing of refractory materials, to develop improved ceramic products. Design equipment and apparatus for forming, firing and handling ceramic products. Advise on testing of finished products for texture, color, durability, glaze and refractory properties. Troubleshoot process/product problems as they arise. A typical day for a ceramics engineer will vary. Some days may be spent in the office whereas others may work primarily in the manufacturing areas performing trials and DOE. LECO CORPOR ATION is an established world leader, with over a 75 year history, in the development, manufacture, of state of the art ceramics consumable product lines for industry, industrial monitoring and analysis. LECO is dedicated to ceramics research, development and manufacturing in both analytical and combustion applications employed by the investment castings industry, such as open and bottom pour ladles used to pour various grades of steel and aluminum. LECO provides a comprehensive benefit package; salary, relocation, training, benefits (vacation, 401(k), medical, and life insurance) and more for employees. Must be a U.S. Citizen or possess a valid unrestricted work authorization to work in the United States. For confidential consideration, please send a detailed resume including; work, salary history, and salary requirements.
~LECO® is an Equal Opportunity Employer~
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consulting/engineering servicesBusiness Services
62 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
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63American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
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drei Kleinanzeigen, 02/2011:
NETZSCH InstrumentsNorth America, LLC37 North AvenueBurlington, MA 01803Email: [email protected]: 781-272-5353www.netzsch.com
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64 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5
bulletinJUNE/JULY 2011
Advertiser Page No.
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Richard E. Mistler Inc. 62 800-641-1034 [email protected]•www.drblade.com
Sem-Com Co. 63 419-537-8813 [email protected]•www.sem-com.com
Sonic Mill 62 505-839-3535•www.sonicmill.com
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Unifrax Corp. 3 716-278-3800 [email protected]•www.unifrax.com
U.S. Silica 11 800-243-7500•www.u-s-silica.com
VIOX Corp. 63 206-763-2170 [email protected]•www.viox.com
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Zircar Zirconia Inc. 62 845-651-3040 [email protected]•www.zircarzirconia.com
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