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greek architecture... a ppt on acropolis by ayushi jain of amity school of architecture and planning
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ACROPOLIS
BRIEF
• Acropolis means "highest city" in Greek. • These are the archaeological sites parched upon an
impressive rock• Area: 86 sq. km• For purposes of defense, early people naturally chose
elevated ground to build a new settlement, frequently a hill with precipitous sides.
• In many parts of the world, these early acropolis became the nuclei of large cities, which grew up on the surrounding lower ground, such as modernRome.
• The acropolis, Greek in origin, associated primarily with the Greek cities Athens,Argos, Thebes, and Corinth .
• The most famous example is the Acropolis of Athens,[2] which, by reason of its historical associations and the several famous buildings erected upon it (most notably the Parthenon), is known without qualification as the Acropolis.
• Although originating in the mainland of Greece, use of the acropolis model quickly spread to Greek colonies such as the Dorian Lato on Crete during theArchaic Period.
• The term acropolis is also used to describe the central complex of overlapping structures, such as plazas and pyramids, in many Mayan cities, including Tikal and Copán.
ACROPOLIS OF
ATHENS
1. Parthenon2. Old Temple of Athena3. Erechtheum4. Statue of Athena Promachos5. Propylaea6. Temple of Athena Nike7. Eleusinion8. Sanctuary of Artemis Brauronia or Brauroneion9. Chalkotheke10. Pandroseion11. Arrephorion12. Altar of Athena13. Sanctuary of Zeus Polieus14. Sanctuary of Pandion15. Odeon of Herodes Atticus16. Stoa of Eumenes17. Sanctuary of Asclepius or Asclepieion18. Theatre of Dionysus Eleuthereus19. Odeon of Pericles20. Temenos of Dionysus Eleuthereus21. Aglaureion
GENERAL FEATURES• The Acropolis of Athens or Citadel of Athens is the best known acropolis in the world.
• Area: 3 hectare• Rises 150 m (490 ft) above sea level• Although there are many other acropoleis in Greece, the significance of the Acropolis of Athens is such that it is commonly known as The Acropolis without qualification.
• The Acropolis was formally proclaimed as the pre-eminent monument on the European Cultural Heritage list of monuments on 26 March 2007.
• The Acropolis is a part of late cretaceous limestone ridge
• It was also known as Cecropia, after the legendary serpent-man, Cecrops, the first Athenian king.
PARTHENON
Plan
General features
• The temple of Athena Parthenos is designed by Phidias and built by Lctinus and Callicrates.
• The outer rectangle of the temple is divided in the ratio 4:9 and the inner is divided into 3:8.
• The dimensions of the base of the temple are 69.5m X 30.9m.
• The diameter of the shaft of the columns is 1.905m and the internal-axial distance 4.293m and are 10.4m high.
• The temple stands on the conventional three steps.
• The steps of height 508mm were too high to use so intermediate steps were provided at the center of each of the short sides.
• The cella consisted of two rooms end to end with hexastyle prostyle porches.
• the ceiling was of wood, with painted and gilded decoration.
Elevation
• Light was admitted, as normally in Greek temples through the doorway when the great doors were opened, but it is now known that there were also windows high in the walls on either side of the door.
• To the west, with its own porch, was a square chamber, the Parthenon or Virgin’s chamber, a depository for valuable offerings.
• Here the roof was probably supported by a group of four Ionic columns.
• The spaces between the antae and porch columns, at either end, were closed by metal grilles.
OLD TEMPLE OF ATHENA
PLAN
GENERAL FEATURES• The temple measured 21.3 by 43.15 m, on a west-east orientation.
• It was surrounded by a peristasis of 6 by 12 columns. • The difference between column axes was 4.04 m, narrowed by 0.31 m at the corners.
• The stylobate was slightly curved, whether this also applied to the superstructure remains unclear.
• In the pronaos and opisthodomus, two columns each stood between short antae.
• The cella was very short, in fact nearly square, and subdivided in three aisles by two rows of three columns each
• The back of the temple was subdivided into a wide rectangular opisthodomus followed by a pair of side-by-side rooms.
• The foundations were composed of various materials and constructed in varying techniques.
• While the load-bearing parts and internal supports were made of blue Acropolis limestone, the foundations of the surroundingperistasis were of poros limestone.
• The superstructure and decorative pieces also appear to have been made from a variety of materials, including 'poros' and Parian marble.
ERECTHEION
PLAN
General Features• The building is oriented east/west.• To the east it has a handsome ionic hexastlye façade in the purest classical style.
• Behind the six prostyle columns, the side walls of the cella are bare.
• Inside is the oblong naos dedicated to Athena, in which stood the cult statue.
• Because of the steep slope to the west of the plateau of the Acropolis, they were situated 4m above the rocky floor of the western room of the temple.
ELEVATION
• It’s dimensions do not exceed 22.76m in length 7 11.63m in width, which is very small when compared to the Parthenon.
• It has 6 tall and slender columns, which measures 7.63m in height, with a diameter of 0.28m, in other words a proportion of more than 1:9.
• The intercolumniation measures 3m.• The Caryatid Porch arrangement emphasizes the N-S axis.
• This porch is accentuated by 6 statues of young maidens or Korai .
It’s a 9 meter bronze statue
Its gilt tip could be seen as far as corinth an a clear day
Erected between 440 to 448 BCE
STATUE OF ATHENS PROMACHOES
PROPYLAEA
GENERAL FEATURES• A Propylaea, Propylea or Propylaia is any monumental gatewaybased on the original Propylaea that serves as the entrance to the Acropolis in Athens.
• The monumental gateway to the Acropolis, the Propylaea was built under the general direction of the Athenian leader Pericles, but Phidias was given the responsibility for planning the rebuilding the Acropolis as a whole at the conclusion of the Persian Wars.
• The building was designed by the architect Mnesicles. Construction began in 437 BCE and was terminated in 432, when the building was still unfinished.
TEMPLE OF ATHENANIKE
PLAN
GENERAL FEATURES• The Temple of Athena Nike is a tetrastyle (fourcolumn) Ionic
structure with a colonnaded portico at both front and rear facades (amphiprostyle), designed by the architect Kallikrates.
• This building was erected on top of the remains of an earlier sixth century temple to Athena, demolished by the Persians in 480 B.C.
• The total height from the stylobate to the acme of the pediment while the temple remained intact was a modest 23 feet.
• The ratio of height to diameter of the columns is 7:1, the slender proportions creating an elegance and refinement not encountered in the normal 9:1 or 10:1 of Ionic buildings.
• Constructed from white pentelic marble, it was built in stages as war-starved funding allowed.
ELEUSINION
The Eleusinion was the sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone and was situated southeast of the Agora. On the far right was the temple of Hephaestus
Sanctuary of Artemis Brauronia or Brauroneion
• The goddess gets her name from the village north to athens
• This one is considered as the protector of pregnant ladies
• In this goddess received offerings, often of woollen or silk garments, from the women of athens
• This is 2nd important sanctuary of the goddess artemis in brauronia
CHALKOTHEKE
PANDROSEION
ARREPHORION
Altar of Athena
Sanctuary of Zeus Polieus
Sanctuary of Pandion
Odeon of Herodes Atticus
Stoa of Eumenes
Sanctuary of Asclepius or Asclepieion
Theatre of Dionysus Eleuthereus
Odeon of Pericles
Temenos of Dionysus Eleuthereus