Acquiring New Lands

Objective

� 1. Describe US involvement in Puerto Rico and in Cuba.

Luis Muñoz Rivera

� Puerto Rican

� Vocal activist for Puerto Rico’s

self rule.

� Spoke in the House of Reps for the future of Puerto Rico.

� Died in Puerto Rico and 3 months later US made Puerto Ricans citizens.

Controlling Puerto Rico

� PR’s feared they wouldn’t have the same level of self-rule they had under the Spanish

� Not all PR’s wanted independence

◦ Some wanted statehood

◦ Some wanted self governance as a territory

Military Rule and Civil Government

� During the S-A War US forces occupied the island of PR.

� Military rule lasted until congress decided otherwise.

� PR was strategically important to the US.

◦ Maintaining a presence in the Caribbean

◦ Protecting a future canal across Panama

Foraker Act 1900*

� Ended military rule.

� Set up a civil government in PR.

� US president could appoint the governors and members of the upper house.

� What was the significance of the Foraker Act?

Cuba and the United States

� US recognized Cuba’s independence

� Passed Teller Amendment saying the US had no intention of taking over Cuba.

American Soldiers in Cuba

� US troops occupied Cuba after the war

� Jose Marti feared the US would replace Spain

� His fear was somewhat true

� Same officials stayed in office

� On the other hand US gov. improved sanitation and medicine in Cuba.

◦ Reduced Yellow Fever.

Platt Amendment*

� US gov. insisted provisions be added to Cuban Constitution.

� 1. Cuba can’t make treaties that would limit their independence or allow another country to take over.

� 2. US can intervene in Cuba

� 3. Cuba can’t go into debt

� 4. US could put naval stations in Cuba

� Why do you think Cubans were upset over the Platt Amendment?

� Why did the US wish to attain a strong influence in Cuba?

Objective

� 2. Identify the causes and effects of the Philippine- American War.

Filipinos Rebel

� Outraged by the Treaty of Paris

� Emilio Aguinaldo, rebel leader vowed to fight for freedom

� US played the same role as Spain◦ Designated living zones

◦ Looked at the Filipinos as inferior

� 3 years to stop the rebellion

� Deaths: 20,000 Filipinos, 4,000 Americans

� Cost: $400 million

� Why did many Filipinos feel betrayed by the US?

Objective

� 3. Explain the purpose of the Open Door Policy in China.

Foreign Influence in China

� Philippines were a gateway to Asia

� China= huge market

� China weak from war and intervention, called the “sick man of Asia”

� Why did the Western powers seek to establish spheres of influence in China?

John Hay’s Open Door Notes

� US feared the Europe would divide up China and leave nothing for them

� John Hay wrote Open Door Notes that requested no one gov. could monopolize trade with China

� Leaders reluctantly agree.

� What were the Open Door notes?

Boxer Rebellion

� Europeans dominated most of China’s populated cities.

� Secret organizations formed to rid country of foreigners

� “Boxers” practiced martial arts. Killed missionaries, foreigners, and Chinese Christians

� Imperial govs. sent troops and ended the rebellion in 2 months.

Repercussions for the Rebellion

� China had to agree to

◦ Execute some officials

◦ To punish others involved

◦ Pay $332 million in damages

� US received $24.5 million

◦ Used $4 million and gave the rest back to China.

� Why would the US return the money to China?

After the Rebellion

� John Hay issued more Open Door notes

◦ US would safeguard trade in China

� Open Door Policy reflected 3 US beliefs

◦ 1. US economy depended on exports

◦ 2. US had the right to intervene to keep markets open.

◦ 3. The thought the closing of an area to US goods would threaten US survival

� This became US foreign policy

� What were the causes and consequences of the Boxer Rebellion?

Objective

� 4. Summarize the views regarding US imperialism.

The Impact of US Territorial Gains

� Anti-Imperialist League

◦ Grover Cleveland

◦ Andrew Carnegie

◦ Jane Addams

◦ Many leading writers like Mark Twain

� Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson would continue to exert US power around the world