MeC

asa:

A F

amily

Virt

ual S

pace

Ab

stra

ct

We

pre

sent

MeC

asa,

a t

ool fo

r co

nnec

ting f

amily

m

ember

s w

ho h

ave

bee

n g

eogra

phic

ally

sep

arat

ed.

MeC

asa

was

des

igned

with t

he

inte

nt

to a

ccom

plis

h

thre

e obje

ctiv

es:

1.

Incr

ease

the

emotion

al c

onnec

tion

bet

wee

n d

ispla

ced f

amily

mem

ber

s, 2

. M

imic

the

priva

cy p

rovi

ded

by

an a

ctual

hom

e, 3

. M

ake

the

inte

ract

ion f

un a

nd inte

rest

ing t

o u

se.

A m

id-f

idel

ity

pro

toty

pe

was

built

and t

este

d t

o m

eet

thes

e obje

ctiv

es.

Our

resu

lts

show

ed t

hat

MeC

asa

succ

essf

ully

bridged

the

emotional

dis

connec

t cr

eate

d

when

fam

ilies

phys

ical

ly d

rift

ed a

par

t.

Keyw

ord

s H

om

e; T

hre

shold

; Pr

ivac

y; F

amily

; Em

otional

Des

ign

AC

M C

lass

ific

ati

on

Keyw

ord

s H

.5.2

[In

form

atio

n I

nte

rfac

es a

nd P

rese

nta

tion (

e.g.,

H

CI)

]: U

ser

Inte

rfac

es –

Use

r-ce

nte

red d

esig

n;

Intr

od

uct

ion

The

idea

of

“fam

ily”

or

what

it

mea

ns

to b

e a

fam

ily h

as

nev

er b

een s

tatic.

Eco

nom

ic,

soci

al,

and t

echnolo

gic

al

fact

ors

hav

e co

nst

antly

shap

ed t

he

fam

ily d

ynam

ic

thro

ughout

the

world.

Now

more

than

eve

r, f

amili

es

hav

e bec

om

e in

crea

singly

fra

cture

d d

ue,

in p

art,

to a

m

ore

glo

bal

ized

eco

nom

y an

d t

he

tech

nol

ogic

al

adva

nce

s in

lon

g-d

ista

nce

tra

vel [2

].

Copyr

ight

is h

eld b

y th

e au

thor

/ow

ner

(s).

CH

I 2012,

May

5–10,

2012,

Aust

in,

TX,

USA.

ACM

978-1

-4503-1

016-1

/12/0

5.

Tyle

r D

avis

Mis

souri W

este

rn S

tate

Univ

ersi

ty

TD

avis

30@

Mis

souriW

este

rn.e

du

Cam

ie S

tein

ho

ff

Mis

souri W

este

rn S

tate

Univ

ersi

ty

CSte

inhoff1@

Mis

souriW

este

rn.e

du

Mari

carm

en

Tera

n V

ela

Mis

souri W

este

rn S

tate

Univ

ersi

ty

MVel

a@M

isso

uriW

este

rn.e

du

Hum

an F

acto

rs &

Usa

bili

ty T

esting

Mis

souri W

este

rn S

tate

Univ

ersi

ty

4525 D

ow

ns

Drive

St.

Jose

ph,

MO

64507 U

SA

Stud

ent D

esig

n C

ompe

titio

nC

HI 2

012,

May

5–1

0, 2

012,

Aus

tin, T

exas

, USA

1261

In a

dditio

n t

o t

hes

e fa

ctors

, a

par

adig

m s

hift

in m

any

wes

tern

culture

s has

tra

nsf

erre

d t

he

colle

ctiv

e fo

cus

from

the

fam

ily t

o t

he

indiv

idual

. In

centive

s, s

uch

as

a bet

ter

educa

tion,

mili

tary

wag

es,

or

hig

h p

ayin

g job in

the

city

is

enou

gh t

o e

nco

ura

ge

the

indiv

idual

to b

reak

aw

ay fro

m t

he

trad

itio

nal

idea

l of an

inta

ct n

ucl

ear

fam

ily [

4].

This

outc

om

e, w

hile

not

neg

ativ

e per

se,

is

oft

en r

esponsi

ble

for

a fe

elin

g o

f em

otional

dis

tance

th

at is

direc

tly

rela

ted t

o th

e phys

ical

dis

tance

of

fam

ily

mem

ber

s [6

].

Our

team

’s g

oal w

as t

o d

esig

n a

dig

ital

spac

e th

at

would

acc

om

modat

e fa

mili

es w

ith d

ispla

ced m

ember

s.

The

des

ign p

roce

ss b

egan

with a

use

r re

sear

ch p

has

e,

whic

h led

to t

he

crea

tion o

f th

ree

per

sonas

. Then

, a

mid

-fid

elity

pro

toty

pe

was

em

plo

yed for

usa

bili

ty

test

ing,

while

tw

o s

epar

ate

surv

eys

wer

e ad

min

iste

red

to g

ather

res

ults.

Fin

ally

, th

ese

resu

lts

wer

e in

terp

rete

d

and s

ugges

tions

wer

e m

ade

for

futu

re ite

rations

of th

e des

ign.

U

ser

Rese

arc

h

Our

insp

irat

ion for

this

des

ign c

ame

from

within

: an

in

tern

atio

nal

tea

m m

ember

was

exp

erie

nci

ng d

ifficu

lty

mai

nta

inin

g a

ric

h a

nd m

eanin

gfu

l re

lationsh

ip w

ith h

er

fam

ily in M

exic

o.

Ther

e w

ere

tools

ava

ilable

to h

er t

hat

del

iver

ed t

he

audio

and v

isual

com

ponen

ts o

f co

mm

unic

atio

n (

such

as

the

tele

phone

or S

kypeT

M),

but

thes

e w

ere

lack

ing in a

few

im

port

ant

area

s. P

rim

arily

, phone

conve

rsat

ions

did

not

pro

vide

the

visu

al c

ues

nec

essa

ry for

a r

ich e

mot

ional

connec

tion

, w

hile

priva

cy

conce

rns

mad

e Sky

peT

M a

n u

ndes

irab

le o

ption [

5].

In

ord

er t

o d

elve

dee

per

into

thes

e is

sues

, ou

r te

am m

ade

a co

nfe

rence

cal

l to

Mex

ico,

whic

h initia

ted o

ur

use

r in

terv

iew

phas

e.

The

dem

ogra

phic

ass

ort

men

t am

ongst

inte

rvie

w

subje

cts

was

inte

ntional

ly b

road

. Par

ents

, gra

ndpar

ents

, st

ep-p

aren

ts,

child

ren,

and a

ny

indiv

idual

that

fel

t an

em

otional

connec

tion t

o a

gro

up

of peo

ple

they

consi

der

ed “

fam

ily”

wer

e in

cluded

in t

he

rese

arch

. The

only

req

uirem

ent

from

the

subje

cts

was

th

at t

hey

be

geo

gra

phic

ally

sep

arat

ed fro

m a

fam

ily

mem

ber

by

a dis

tance

gre

ater

than

30 m

iles.

Aft

er

com

ple

ting t

he

inte

rvie

ws,

thre

e co

mm

on c

om

pla

ints

w

ere

iden

tified

:

The

emotional

connec

tion

fel

t w

eak

in t

he

avai

lable

com

munic

atio

n m

ediu

ms.

Fa

mily

mem

ber

s w

ere

unco

mfo

rtab

le s

har

ing

priva

te info

rmat

ion t

hro

ugh F

aceb

ookT

M o

r oth

er s

oci

al m

edia

pla

tform

s.

The

avai

lable

com

munic

atio

n m

ediu

ms

wer

en’t

fun t

o use

.

Idea

lly,

our

des

ign w

ould

hav

e to

addre

ss a

ll of th

ese

com

pla

ints

in o

rder

to b

e co

nsi

der

ed a

succ

ess.

An inte

rest

ing s

upple

men

tary

fin

din

g d

uring o

ur

inte

rvie

w p

has

e w

as t

he

shee

r div

ersi

ty in

circ

um

stan

ces

that

cre

ated

the

dis

loca

tion

of

fam

ily

mem

ber

s. U

nex

plo

red fac

tors

such

as

hea

lth iss

ues

, lo

ve,

or

som

etim

es just

a h

ealthy

sense

of ad

ventu

re

would

oft

en lea

d t

o s

epar

atio

n.

This

dis

cove

ry indic

ated

th

at t

he

rese

arch

pro

ble

m m

ay b

e m

ore

wid

espre

ad

than

initia

lly t

hought.

Pers

on

as

Bas

ed o

n t

he

beh

avio

r pat

tern

s obse

rved

thro

ugh o

ur

use

r re

sear

ch,

thre

e per

sonas

wer

e built

. Thes

e

Fig

ure

1.

Dat

a ac

quired

fro

m

inte

rvie

ws

during c

onte

xtual

inquiry.

Fig

ure

2.

A c

olla

ge

of in

tere

sts

use

d t

o f

lesh

out

the

Gra

nnie

Sm

ith p

erso

na.

Stud

ent D

esig

n C

ompe

titio

nC

HI 2

012,

May

5–1

0, 2

012,

Aus

tin, T

exas

, USA

1262

per

sonas

hel

ped

the

team

arr

ive

at a

conse

nsu

s ar

ound

the

pro

duct

fea

ture

s nec

essa

ry f

or t

he

des

ign [

3].

Am

élie

DuPo

nt

– I

nte

rnat

ional

Stu

den

t

Am

élie

is

very

adve

ntu

rous

studen

t. A

fter

tw

o

sem

este

rs a

t U

niv

ersi

te P

ierr

e et

Mar

ie C

urie,

sh

e dec

ided

to t

ransf

er t

o a

n A

mer

ican

U

niv

ersi

ty.

While

she

love

s th

e new

en

viro

nm

ent,

she

feel

s hom

esic

k ev

ery

now

an

d t

hen

. Am

élie

wis

hes

to p

rese

rve

an

emotion

al c

onnec

tion

with h

er fam

ily w

hile

3000 m

iles

away

fro

m h

ome.

Andy

Fullt

ime

– C

onst

ruct

ion w

ork

er/p

aren

t

Andy

work

s har

d a

nd h

as little

tim

e fo

r him

self.

His

tw

o so

ns

are

curr

ently

stat

ioned

in

Afg

han

ista

n.

He

trie

s to

cal

l th

em w

hen

ever

poss

ible

, but

the

tim

e diffe

rence

mea

ns

he

must

wai

t until 3 a

m b

efor

e he

can c

all his

so

ns.

Als

o,

he

is lee

ry o

f so

cial

net

work

s, a

s he

has

conce

rns

about

priva

cy.

Andy

would

lik

e a

way

to c

om

munic

ate

with h

is s

ons

that

does

not

require

losi

ng s

leep

or

per

sonal

in

form

atio

n.

Gra

nnie

Sm

ith -

Ret

ired

Gra

ndm

oth

er

G

rannie

’s c

onst

ant

bac

k pro

ble

ms

hav

e re

legat

ed h

er t

o a

nurs

ing h

om

e. F

amily

m

ember

s vi

sit

oft

en,

but

she

feel

s lik

e a

burd

en t

o t

hem

. G

rannie

, st

ill c

onsi

der

ed t

he

chef

of

the

fam

ily,

enjo

ys s

har

ing r

ecip

es w

hen

sh

e ca

n.

How

ever

, her

culin

ary

input

has

dra

stic

ally

dim

inis

hed

sin

ce h

er s

tay

at t

he

nurs

ing h

om

e beg

an.

Gra

nnie

would

pre

fer

to

keep

her

sta

tus

as t

he

fam

ily c

hef

, ev

en

though s

he

cannot

atte

nd a

ll fa

mily

eve

nts

.

N

ow

, w

ith t

he

goal

s of

the

targ

et a

udie

nce

in m

ind,

the

initia

l des

ign p

has

e co

uld

beg

in.

Po

ten

tial D

esi

gn

an

d T

ho

ug

hts

To m

eet

the

goal

s of

the

per

sonas

, a

bra

inst

orm

ing

sess

ion w

as c

alle

d.

From

this

ses

sion,

the

conce

pt

of

a “d

igital

hom

e” w

as forg

ed.

Usi

ng a

hou

se a

s a

met

aphor

for

the

des

ign,

room

s w

ere

des

ignat

ed t

o

carr

y out

the

various

funct

ions

of

the

dig

ital

hom

e. T

he

nam

e M

eCas

a w

as g

iven

to t

his

des

ign.

It w

as insp

ired

by

the

adag

e, “

Mi ca

sa e

s su

cas

a,”

with a

n inte

ntion

al

mis

spel

ling o

f M

e to

em

phas

ize

the

inte

ract

ive

nat

ure

of

the

des

ign.

The

room

s an

d t

hei

r fu

nct

ions

are

as

follo

ws:

Fr

ont

Door

The

hom

e sc

reen

for

MeC

asa.

Her

e th

e use

r w

ill e

nte

r th

eir

use

r nam

e an

d p

assw

ord

. This

lo

gin

pro

cess

is

to e

nsu

re t

he

pri

vacy

for

eve

ry

use

r. O

nce

logged

in,

MeC

asa

would

ensu

re

that

no p

erso

nal

info

rmat

ion w

ould

be

shar

ed.

Fig

ure

3. The

house

met

aphor

repre

senting o

ur

des

ign (

with

room

s in

cluded

).

Fig

ure

4. The

Front

Door

(hom

e sc

reen

) fo

r M

eCas

a.

Stud

ent D

esig

n C

ompe

titio

nC

HI 2

012,

May

5–1

0, 2

012,

Aus

tin, T

exas

, USA

1263

Livi

ng R

oom

The

mai

n r

oom

in M

eCas

a. A

chat

room

for

all

fam

ily m

ember

s is

the

prim

ary

funct

ion o

f th

is

room

. U

pon e

nte

ring t

he

Livi

ng R

oom

, th

e use

r w

ould

be

aske

d t

o indic

ate

thei

r em

otional

st

ate

by

sele

ctin

g f

rom

a lis

t of

“Per

maC

ons”

(o

r per

man

ent

emotico

ns)

, w

hic

h c

ould

be

alte

red a

t an

y poin

t during t

hei

r st

ay w

ithin

the

Livi

ng R

oom

. The

Perm

aCon

would

be

dis

pla

yed n

ext

to t

he

nam

e of

the

fam

ily

mem

ber

in t

he

chat

, in

ord

er t

o c

onst

antly

shar

e em

otional

dat

a am

ongst

fam

ily

mem

ber

s.

My

Bed

room

A p

erso

nal

spac

e w

ithin

the

dig

ital

hom

e.

Wher

eas

the

hom

e re

pre

sents

a t

hre

shold

bet

wee

n t

he

public

spac

e an

d p

riva

te s

pac

e,

one’

s bed

room

rep

rese

nts

a p

riva

cy t

hre

shold

w

ithin

the

hom

e itse

lf.

Her

e th

e use

r w

ould

be

able

to b

log t

hei

r ow

n t

houghts

in a

journ

al,

as

wel

l as

invi

te fam

ily m

ember

s to

hold

a p

riva

te

chat

. Kitch

en

The

kitc

hen

is

repre

sente

d b

y im

age

of

a re

frig

erat

or.

Her

e th

e use

r co

uld

per

form

thre

e fu

nct

ions.

They

could

post

rem

inder

s (P

ost

-it®

ic

on),

uplo

ad p

hoto

s or

artw

ork

(M

ona

Lisa

ic

on),

and a

ttac

h r

ecip

es t

o th

e re

frig

erat

or

(rec

ipe

book

icon).

All

fam

ily m

ember

s w

ould

hav

e ac

cess

to t

he

info

rmat

ion s

har

ed o

n t

he

refr

iger

ator

.

Gam

e Room

The

gam

e ro

om w

ould

pro

vide

use

rs t

he

option

to d

ow

nlo

ad g

amin

g a

pplic

atio

ns.

Her

e th

ey

would

com

pet

e in

rea

l tim

e ag

ainst

fam

ily

mem

ber

s. A

few

bas

ic g

ames

would

com

e st

andar

d w

ith M

eCas

a, s

uch

as

ches

s an

d

chec

kers

.

Att

ic

The

attic

would

act

as

a st

orag

e cl

oud o

f al

l th

e in

form

atio

n s

har

ed w

ithin

MeC

asa

(exc

ept

for

My

Bed

room

info

rmat

ion).

Spec

ific

info

rmat

ion

could

be

quic

kly

acce

ssed

thro

ugh t

he

use

of a

sear

ch e

ngin

e. A

lso,

info

rmat

ion c

ould

be

arra

nged

by

alphab

etic

al o

rder

, or

by

the

dat

e th

at it

was

shar

ed.

Our

per

sonas

direc

tly

info

rmed

our

des

ign in t

he

follo

win

g w

ays:

Am

élie

’s n

eed for

an e

mot

ional

co

nnec

tion insp

ired

the

Per

maC

on;

Andy’

s dis

trust

of

soci

al n

etw

orks

lea

d t

o t

he

secu

rity

pro

vided

by

the

Fron

t D

oor;

Gra

nnie

’s d

esire

to s

har

e her

rec

ipes

forc

ed

us

to t

hin

k of new

and c

reat

ive

way

s fo

r sh

arin

g

per

sonal

info

rmat

ion,

pro

vided

by

the

Kitch

en a

nd t

he

Gam

e Room

.

With a

concr

ete

des

ign in m

ind,

the

nex

t ta

sk w

as t

o

crea

te a

mid

-fid

elity

pro

toty

pe

to t

est.

Fig

ure

5. An e

xam

ple

of a

Perm

aCon (

left

). P

erm

aCons

are

alw

ays

availa

ble

to v

iew

during

chat

.

Fig

ure

6. The

Livi

ng R

oom

when

vie

wed

on a

mobile

dev

ice.

Stud

ent D

esig

n C

ompe

titio

nC

HI 2

012,

May

5–1

0, 2

012,

Aus

tin, T

exas

, USA

1264

Meth

od

s The

mid

-fid

elity

MeC

asa

pro

toty

pe

was

cre

ated

in

Pow

erPoi

nt.

The

pro

toty

pe

use

d h

yper

links

to a

llow

nav

igat

ion b

etw

een r

oom

s w

ithin

MeC

asa.

Als

o,

two

surv

eys

wer

e use

d for

test

ing.

The

firs

t su

rvey

was

use

d t

o g

auge

how

effec

tive

the

Per

maC

on

was

at

shar

ing e

motional

dat

a (w

hen

com

par

ed t

o a

gen

eric

phot

o of a

fam

ily m

ember

or

no p

hoto

at

all)

. This

surv

ey w

as a

dm

inis

tere

d b

efor

e te

stin

g o

f th

e m

id-

fidel

ity

pro

toty

pe.

The

seco

nd s

urv

ey a

dm

inis

tere

d w

as t

he

Sys

tem

U

sabili

ty S

cale

(SU

S)

ques

tionnai

re [

1].

This

surv

ey

rate

d u

sabili

ty c

rite

ria

on a

fiv

e poin

t Li

kert

sca

le.

It

was

adm

inis

tere

d a

t th

e en

d o

f te

stin

g.

Six

par

tici

pan

ts w

ho w

ere

dis

pla

ced fro

m t

hei

r fa

mili

es

(at

leas

t 30 m

iles

away

) w

ere

test

ed o

n t

he

pro

toty

pe.

The

monitor

and t

hei

r re

actions

wer

e re

cord

ed u

sing

Mora

eTM s

oftw

are.

At

the

sam

e tim

e, t

wo t

eam

m

ember

s w

itnes

sed t

he

par

tici

pan

ts’ per

form

ance

and

mad

e note

s during t

he

test

ing.

Aft

er t

esting w

as c

om

ple

te,

the

surv

eys,

note

s, a

nd

obse

rvat

ions

wer

e co

mpile

d.

R

esu

lts

The

resu

lts

from

the

firs

t su

rvey

wer

e use

d t

o a

sses

s th

e su

cces

s of th

e Pe

rmaC

on w

hen

com

par

ed t

o o

ther

ch

at r

oom

ava

tars

. Fi

ve o

ut

of th

e si

x par

tici

pan

ts

surv

eyed

indic

ated

that

the

Perm

aCon w

as a

bet

ter

avat

ar for

sendin

g a

nd r

ecei

ving e

mot

ional

dat

a th

an

eith

er a

gen

eric

photo

or

no

photo

at

all.

Tab

le 1

. This

tab

le indic

ate

s th

e par

tici

pan

ts f

avore

d

Perm

aCons

when

shar

ing e

motional

info

rmat

ion w

ith fam

ily

mem

ber

s.

The

seco

nd o

bje

ctiv

e of M

eCas

a w

as t

o c

reat

e a

spac

e th

at m

imic

ked t

he

priva

cy o

f an

act

ual

hom

e. A

ll par

tici

pan

ts fel

t se

cure

when

usi

ng M

eCas

a kn

ow

ing

that

the

dig

ital

dom

ain w

as o

pen

only

to fam

ily

mem

ber

s. F

urt

her

more

, par

tici

pan

ts h

ad p

osi

tive

co

mm

ents

reg

ardin

g t

he

additio

nal

lev

el o

f priva

cy

affo

rded

by

the

room

: M

y Bed

room

.

Var

ious

com

men

ts incl

uded

:

“I lik

e th

at I

can

tal

k to

who

I w

ant

withou

t an

y ou

tsid

e in

terf

eren

ce.

It’s

com

fort

ing”

“Oh…

ok,

I s

ee n

ow

. The

bed

room

is

like

my

ow

n s

pac

e fo

r w

hat

ever

I w

ant.

And I

ass

um

e th

is I

nvi

te b

utt

on

lets

me

call

peo

ple

up t

o t

alk,

cor

rect

?”

“It’s

a good idea

. Som

etim

es I

just

wan

t to

tal

k to

fa

mily

. I

like

that

I c

an d

o t

hat

with t

his

.”

The

final

obje

ctiv

e w

as t

o m

ake

the

inte

ract

ion w

ith

MeC

asa

fun.

The

Gam

e Room

and t

he

Kitch

en w

ere

spec

ific

ally

des

igned

to a

ddre

ss t

his

obje

ctiv

e. S

urv

ey

dat

a in

dic

ated

that

MeC

asa

was

fun a

nd e

asy

for

Perm

aCon

Photo

No P

hoto

83%

pre

ferr

ed

16%

pre

ferr

ed

16%

pre

ferr

ed

Fig

ure

7.

The

Gam

e Room

when

vie

wed

on a

mobile

dev

ice.

Fig

ure

8.

My

Bed

room

,

show

casi

ng t

he

Journ

al an

d

Invi

te b

utt

on.

Stud

ent D

esig

n C

ompe

titio

nC

HI 2

012,

May

5–1

0, 2

012,

Aus

tin, T

exas

, USA

1265

par

tici

pan

ts t

o u

se.

Rel

evan

t usa

bili

ty-s

urv

ey d

ata

is

pre

sente

d in T

able

2.

Tab

le 2

. This

tab

le c

onta

ins

mea

n p

artici

pan

t ra

tings

indic

atin

g h

ow

fun a

nd e

asy

MeC

asa

was

to u

se.

Thes

e m

ean

ratings

are

out

of 5 p

oin

ts p

oss

ible

(5 b

eing t

he

bes

t, 1

bei

ng

the

wors

t).

Reco

mm

en

dati

on

s The

mai

n c

om

pla

int

regar

din

g M

eCas

a co

nce

rned

nav

igat

ion iss

ues

. Spec

ific

ally

, th

e door

ico

ns

(loca

ted

in t

he

upper

lef

t han

d c

orn

er o

f a

scre

en)

did

not

succ

essf

ully

indic

ate

to w

hat

room

they

wer

e lin

ked.

In

futu

re ite

ration

s, w

e re

com

men

d m

odifyi

ng t

he

nav

igat

ion ico

ns

so t

hat

they

vis

ual

ly r

epre

sente

d w

hat

ro

om

they

wou

ld lin

k to

(e.

g.

a jo

urn

al p

age

would

re

pre

sent

My

Bed

room

, a

chec

ker

boar

d w

ould

re

pre

sent

the

Gam

e ro

om

, et

c.).

C

on

clu

sio

ns

MeC

asa

succ

essf

ully

cap

ture

s th

e des

ired

asp

ects

of

a hom

e: e

motion

al c

onnec

tion

with fam

ily m

ember

s, a

fe

elin

g o

f se

curity

, an

d fun.

Futu

re d

esig

ns

would

ad

dre

ss c

ompla

ints

and funct

ional

ity

issu

es.

The

nex

t st

ep f

or M

eCas

a is

the

imple

men

tation

of a

hig

h-f

idel

ity

pro

toty

pe.

Ack

no

wle

dg

em

en

ts

We

would

lik

e to

than

k al

l par

tici

pan

ts invo

lved

with o

ur

des

ign p

roce

ss.

Spec

ific

ally

, w

e th

ank

thos

e w

ho

gav

e th

eir

tim

e during t

he

inte

rvie

w a

nd u

sabili

ty t

esting

phas

es.

Refe

ren

ces

[1]

Bro

oke

, J.

(1996).

SU

S:

A “

quic

k an

d d

irty

” usa

bili

ty s

cale

. U

sabili

ty E

valu

atio

n in I

ndust

ry.

London:

Tay

lor

and F

ranci

s.

[2]

Cliq

uet

, R.,

D.

Avr

amov

(1998),

The

futu

re o

f th

e fa

mily

: A s

oci

obio

logic

al a

ppro

ach.

The

Fam

ily.

Conte

mpor

ary

Per

spec

tive

s an

d C

hal

lenges

. Fe

stsc

hrift

in

Hon

or

of W

ilfried

Dum

on.

Leuve

n:

Leuve

n U

niv

ersi

ty

Pres

s, 1

59-1

80.

[3]

Cooper

, A.,

Rei

man

n,

R.,

& C

ronin

, D

. (2

007).

About

face

3:

The

esse

ntial

s to

inte

ract

ion d

esig

n.

India

nap

olis

, In

: W

iley

Publis

hin

g.

[4]

Cre

ed,

G.W

. (2

000).

“Fa

mily

val

ues

” an

d d

om

estic

econom

ics.

Annual

Rev

enue

of Anth

ropolo

gy.

29,

329-

355.

[5]

Dupas

quire,

B.,

Burs

chka

, S.,

McL

aughlin

, K.,

Sak

ir,

S.

(2010).

Anal

ysis

of in

form

atio

n lea

kage

from

en

cryp

ted S

kype

conve

rsat

ions.

Inte

rnat

ional

Jou

rnal

of

Info

rmat

ion S

ecurity

. 9,

313-3

25.

[6]

Will

iam

s, L

. E.,

& B

argh,

J. A

. (2

007).

Kee

pin

g

one’

s dis

tance

: The

influen

ce o

f sp

atia

l dis

tance

cues

on a

ffec

t an

d e

valu

atio

n. Ps

ycholo

gy

Sci

ence

. 19(3

),

302-3

08.

“I t

hought

the

web

site

was

fun t

o

use

.”

“I t

hought

the

web

site

was

eas

y

to u

se.”

“I w

ould

im

agin

e

that

most

peo

ple

would

lea

rn h

ow

to

use

the

web

site

very

quic

kly.

”

4.0

4.1

6

3.8

3

Fig

ure

9. The

refr

iger

ator

icon

loca

ted in t

he

Kitch

en.

Stud

ent D

esig

n C

ompe

titio

nC

HI 2

012,

May

5–1

0, 2

012,

Aus

tin, T

exas

, USA

1266