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ACIDS , BASES and SALTS. My numbering system. Slide title: A, B, C… - Points on a slide: 1, 2, 3, - How to find it on your note handout: A1, A2, B1, B2…. A. What you need to know?. A1. What is a/an acid, base, salt? A2. How to name them A3. Acid, base, salt properties - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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ACIDS, BASES and SALTS
My numbering system
Slide title: A, B, C…
- Points on a slide: 1, 2, 3,
- How to find it on your note handout: A1, A2, B1, B2…
A. What you need to know?A1. What is a/an acid, base, salt?A2. How to name themA3. Acid, base, salt propertiesA4. Identify at least 3 products that are acids, bases, and salts used in daily life
B. Common AcidsName Formula
Organic(= Carbon-containing) acids
acetic acid (vinegar) HC2H3O2
citric acid HC6H7O2
ascorbic acid HC6H7O6
lactic acid HC3H5O3
acetylsalicylic acid HC9H7O4
Inorganic (=no carbon) acids
sulfuric acid H2SO4
carbonic acid H2CO3
phosphoric acid H3PO4
nitric acid HNO3
hydrochloric acid HCl
hydrobromic acid HBr
hydrofluoric acid HF
C. What is an acid?
C1. An acid is a compound that accepts a pair of electrons. Usually, most acid have proton (H+) in their chemical formula
D.How to name acidD1. Binary acids containing no oxygen
Hydro(element root)ic acid
e.g.
HF Hydrofluoric acidHCl Hydrochloric acidHBr Hydrobromic acidHI Hydroiodic acid
How to name acid (cont.)D2. Oxoacids (oxygen-containing acids):
(Non-ate part)ic acid
Oxoacids Non-ate part Names
HClO3 Chlor- Chloric acid
HNO3 Nitr- Nitric acid
H2CO3 Carbon- Carbonic acid
HBrO3 Brom- Bromic acid
HIO3 Iod- Iodic acid
HC2H3O2 Acet- Acetic acid
How to name acid (cont.)D3. Oxoacids that are slight exceptions to the naming rules of:
(Non-ate part) + ic acid
Oxoacids Non-ate part Names
H2SO4 Sulf- Sulfuric acid
H3PO4 Phosph- Phosphoric acid
Try again
RULE 1: hydro(element root)ic acid
Naming binary acid
Examples:HCl is hydrochloric acid
HBr is hydrobromic acid
HI is hydroiodic acid
HF is hydrofluoric acid
Naming oxoacid
Polyatomic ion Corresponding acid
C2H3O2- is acetate HC2H3O2 is acetic acid
NO3- is nitrate HNO3 is nitric acid
ClO3- is chlorate HClO3 is chloric acid
BrO3- is bromate HBrO3 is bromic acid
IO3- is iodate HIO3 is iodic acid
SO42- is sulphate H2SO4 is sulphuric acid
CO32- is carbonate H2CO3 is carbonic acid
PO43- is phosphate H3PO4 is phosphoric acid
RULE 2: -ATE becomes -IC acid
E. Common Acid Properties
• E1. Sour• E2. Corrosive• E3. Water-soluble• E4. Good electricity conductors
F. Acids in everyday life
F2.Citric acidAlso, ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)
F1.Phosphoric acid (H3PO4)
F. Acids in everyday life
F5.Sour milk (lactic acid)
F3. Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)
F4. Cheese (lactic acid)
F6. Sorbic Acid: a preservative
G1.Heartburn:Caused by HCl from the stomach comes back up the esophagus
G. Acids in the body
H. Bee Sting and Formic Acid
Formic Acid
BASES
I. Common BasesName Formula
Sodium hydroxide NaOH
Potassium hydroxide KOH
Aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3
Ammonium hydroxide NH4OH
Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3
Potassium sulfite K2SO3
J. What is a base?
J1. A base is a compound which donate a pair of electrons. Usually, most bases are made up of a metal ion and a hydroxide (OH-) in their chemical formula
K-How to name bases?
Metal name first+ hydroxide
e.g
LiOH Lithium hydroxideMg(OH)2 Magnesium hydroxide
Ca(OH)2 Calcium hydroxide
Fe(OH)2 Iron (II) hydroxide
L. Common Acid PropertiesBases:• L1. are bitter• L2. feel slippery• L3. are water-soluble• L4. are good electricity conductors
M. Bases in everyday life
M1.Drain cleaners contains NaOH
M2. Windex (NH3)
M3. Baking soda(NaHCO3)
N. What would you do if?
N1.Your car battery acid (H2SO4) is spilled?
SALTS
O. What is a salt?O1. Salts are ionic compounds composed of a metal ion and a non-metal ion
O2. A salt is formed when acid react with base
E.g. CuSO4
P. Applications of Salts
P1. Soaps and Detergents
P2. Fertilizer (e.g. Ammonium sulfate, magnesium sulfate)
P. Applications of Salts (cont.)
Q. Salt and our Canadian’s weather
Q1. Why put salt on the sidewalk when it snows?
Q. Salt and our Canadian’s weather
Q1. Road salt helps reduce the freezing point of snow
R. A Cultural Look at Food Preservation
Table salts
• What are the most 2 interesting things you find out about ACIDS today?
• What are the most 2 interesting things you find out about BASES today?
• What are the most 2 interesting things you find out about SALTS today?