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ACIDS, BASES, AND PH
pp. 39-44
NEED TO MEMORIZE THE FOLLOWING ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS FOR YOUR QUIZ AND TEST!ELEMENTS H: hydrogen O: oxygen N: nitrogen C: carbon Na: sodium Cl: chlorine K: potassium S: sulfur
COMPOUNDSH2O: waterNaCl: sodium chloride/saltH2SO4: sulfuric acidHCl: hydrochloric acidNaOH: sodium hydroxideCO2: carbon dioxideO2: oxygen gas
ACIDS AND BASES
H2O = water
H+ = hydrogen ion
H2O + H+ H3O +
OH- = hydroxide ion
WHAT IS AN ACID?osolution that has an excess of H+ ions.
oIt comes from the Latin word acidus that means "sharp" or "sour".
oThe more H + ions, the more acidic the solution.
PROPERTIES OF AN ACID
oTastes SouroCorrosiveowhich means they break down certain substances. Many acids can corrode fabric, skin,and paper
USES OF ACIDSoAcetic Acid = Vinegar
oCitric Acid = lemons, limes, & oranges. It is in many sour candies such as lemonhead & sour patch.
oAscorbic acid = Vitamin C which your body needs to function.
oFertilizers, steel, paints, and plastics.
oCar batteries
WHAT IS A BASE?
osolution that has an excess of OH- ions. oAnother word for base is alkali.
PROPERTIES OF A BASE
oFeel SlipperyoTaste BitteroCorrosive
USES OF BASESoCleaning products
oThe OH- ions interact strongly with certain substances, such as dirt and grease.
oChalk and oven cleaner are examples of familiar products that contain bases.
PH
omeasures acidity (from 0-14) and how much OH-/H+ is present. The closer to 0, the more the H+
0 -6 = acid
7 = neutral
7-14 = base
oCan use indicators to tell the pH (phenol red, pH paper, litmus, red cabbage)
PH SCALEoA change of 1 pH unit represents a tenfold change in the acidity of the solution.
oFor example, if one solution has a pH of 1 and a second solution has a pH of 2, the first solution is not twice as acidic as the second—it is ten times more acidic.