ACIDS AND BASESACIDS AND BASES

BuffersBuffers

COMPARECOMPARE

AcidsAcids• Monoprotic - one Monoprotic - one

ionizable hydrogenionizable hydrogen• Diprotic - 2 ionizable Diprotic - 2 ionizable

hydrogenshydrogens• Polyprotic – many Polyprotic – many

ionizable hydrogensionizable hydrogens

BasesBases Monoacidic – yields Monoacidic – yields

one OHone OH--

Diacidic – yields two Diacidic – yields two OHOH--

Polyacidic – yields Polyacidic – yields many OHmany OH--

DEFINITIONS OF ACIDS AND BASESDEFINITIONS OF ACIDS AND BASES

Theory Acids Bases

Arrhenius Theory Any substance that release H+ in solution

Any substance that releases OH- in solution

Bronsted Theory Proton Donor Proton Acceptor

Lewis Theory Electron Pair Acceptor

Electron Pair Donor

BUFFERSBUFFERS

Substances that resist sudden changes in pHSubstances that resist sudden changes in pH

Composed of either a weak acid and its salt or a Composed of either a weak acid and its salt or a weak base and its saltweak base and its salt

Buffer capacity is affected by:Buffer capacity is affected by:

- B/A ratio – most efficient as ratio approaches 1- B/A ratio – most efficient as ratio approaches 1

- Concentration of acid and base components- Concentration of acid and base components