3
8/10/2019 Acid-soluble Pigments of Molluscan Shell Porphyrins With Particular Reference to Conchoporphyrin http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/acid-soluble-pigments-of-molluscan-shell-porphyrins-with-particular-reference 1/3 208 A. COMFORT I949 REFERENCES Comfort, A. (1948). Nature Lond., 162, 851. Comfort, A. (1949a). Biochem. J. 44, 111. Comfort, A. (1949b). Biochem. J. 45, 199. Fearon, W. R. Thompson, A. G. (1930). Biochem. J. 24, 1371. Herter, C. A. (1908). J. biol. Chem. 4, 2-53. Homer, A. (1915). J. biol. Chem. 22, 345. Kodzuka, T. (1921). Tohoku J. exp. Med. 2, 287. Krukenberg, E. (1883). Z. med. Wi88. 21, 785. Kriiss, G. Oeconomides, S. (1883). Ber. dt8ch. chem. Ge8. 16, 2051. Lederer, E. (1940). Biol. Rev. 15, 273. Lemberg, R. (1931). Hoppe-Seyl. Z. 200, 173. Nen¢ki, M. Sieber, N. (1882). J. prakt. Chem. 26, 333. Rimington, C., Holiday,E. R. Jope, E. M. (1946). Biochem. J. 40, 669. Schultz, F. N. (1904). Z. aUg. Physiol. 3, 91. Schultz, F. N. (1931). Biochem. Z. 236, 99. Schultz, F. N. Becker, M. (1931). Hoppe-Seyl. Z. 203, 157. Tixier, R. (1945). Ann. Instr. oc anogr. Monaco, 22, 343. Tixier, R. (1947). C.R.Acad. Sci., Pari8, 225, 508. Tixier, R. Lederer, E. (1949). C.R. Acad. Sci., Pari8, 228, 1669. Waldenstrom, J. (1937). Acta m e d .S c a n d . Suppl. no. 82. Watson, C. J. (1938). Proc. Soc. exp. Biol., N.Y., 39, 514. Watson, C. J. (1939). Proc. Soc. exp. Biol., N. Y., 41, 591. Acid-soluble Pigments of Molluscan Shells 4. IDENTIFICATION OF SHELL PORPHYRINS WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO CONCHOPORPHYRIN BY R. E. H. NICHOLAS AND A. COMFORT Department of Chemical Pathology, University College Hoapital Medical School, and Department of Physiology, London Hospital Medical School Received 13 December 1948) Particular interest has been attached to the nature of the porphyrins present in shells since Fischer Jordan 1930) reported the occurrence in the marine mollusc Pteria radiata of a porphyrin, containing five carboxyl groups, which they named concho- porphyrin, and which was the only pentacarboxylic porphyrin known in nature. Fischer Holt 1934) later compared it with a synthetically prepared pentacarboxylic porphyrin. Th e findings of other workers Fischer Haarer, 1932; Waldenstrom, 1937; Tixier, 1945) indicate, however, that only uroporphyrins I and III and traces of coproporphyrin are responsible for the pink fluorescence of molluscan shells. On e of us Comfort, 1949) hasrecorded anextensive survey ofthe pigments present in molluscan shells, and has noted the phylogenetic distribution of porphyrin. Having at our disposal a method of separating porphyrins, by partition chromatography, into groups depending upon the number of carboxyl functions in the molecule, (Nicholas Rimington, 1949; Rinington, 1949), we haveexamined as many porphyrin-containing shells of different species as possible, including Pteria radiata Lk., in the hope of confirming and extending Fischer Jordan s 1930) observations. We havealso had access to some of the original porphyrin material prepared by these authors (m.p. 270-273o) kindly provided by Prof. J. Waldenstrom of Uppsala, but we have obtained no evidence for the existence of a pentacarboxylic porphyrin. METHOD Porphyrins and other acid-soluble shell pigments are quantitatively adsorbed on talc;satisfactory separation of the individual porphyrins was not, however, achieved by this method. The acetic acid-ether technique for the extraction of ether-soluble porphyrins is difficult to apply to shell extracts on account of the large quantities of calcium salts. Talc adsorption chromatography was used in order to separatethe porphyrin as far as possible from the other shell pigments present, and finally the paper-partition method (Nicholas Rimington, 1949) for the separation of the individual groups of porphyrins. Technique of talc chromatography Preparations of columns. Talc powder(pharmaceutical) was shaken with excess of 2N-HCI, and the suspension poured througha funnel containing some glass beads (to remove bubbles) into glass tubes 20 x 2 cm., the lower end of eachbeing closed by a cotton-wool plug resting on a ceramic insulator. The suspension was then packed with the aid of suction. Extraction of 8he s8 The shells were broken and decalcified for 24 hr. in conc. HCI, or in a mixture of phosphoric acid (sp.gr. 1-75) with an equal volume of water. The extracts were filtered throughglass wool to remove debris, adjusted to containbetween 1 and 2-5N-acid by dilution withwater, and pouredinto the tubes.

Acid-soluble Pigments of Molluscan Shell Porphyrins With Particular Reference to Conchoporphyrin

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2 0 8 A . COMFORT I 9 4 9

REFERENCES

C o m f o r t ,A . ( 1 9 4 8 ) .N a t u r eL o n d . ,1 6 2 ,8 5 1 .C o m f o r t ,A . ( 1 9 4 9 a ) .B i o c h e m .J . 4 4 ,1 1 1 .C o m f o r t ,A . ( 1 9 4 9 b ) .B i o c h e m .J . 4 5 ,1 9 9 .F e a r o n ,W . R . T h o m p s o n ,A . G . ( 1 9 3 0 ) .B i o c h e m .J . 2 4 ,

1 3 7 1 .H e r t e r ,C .A . ( 1 9 0 8 ) .J . b i o l .C h e m .4 , 2 - 5 3 .H o m e r ,A . ( 1 9 1 5 ) .J . b i o l .C h e m .2 2 ,3 4 5 .K o d z u k a ,T . ( 1 9 2 1 ) .T o h o k uJ . e x p .M e d .2 , 2 8 7 .K r u k e n b e r g ,E . ( 1 8 8 3 ) .Z . m e d . W i 8 8 .2 1 ,7 8 5 .K r i i s s ,G . O e c o n o m i d e s ,S . ( 1 8 8 3 ) .B e r .d t 8 c h .c h e m .G e 8 .

1 6 ,2 0 5 1 .L e d e r e r ,E . ( 1 9 4 0 ) .B i o l .R e v .1 5 , 2 7 3 .L e m b e r g ,R . ( 1 9 3 1 ) .H o p p e - S e y l .Z . 2 0 0 ,1 7 3 .N e n ¢ k i ,M . S i e b e r ,N . ( 1 8 8 2 ) .J . p r a k t .C h e m .2 6 ,3 3 3 .

R i m i n g t o n ,C . ,H o l i d a y , E .R . J o p e , E . M . ( 1 9 4 6 ) .B i o c h e m .J . 4 0 , 6 6 9 .

S c h u l t z ,F . N . ( 1 9 0 4 ) .Z . a U g .P h y s i o l .3 , 9 1 .S c h u l t z ,F . N . ( 1 9 3 1 ) .B i o c h e m .Z . 2 3 6 ,9 9 .

S c h u l t z ,F . N . B e c k e r , M . ( 1 9 3 1 ) .H o p p e - S e y l .Z . 2 0 3 ,1 5 7 .T i x i e r ,R . ( 1 9 4 5 ) .A n n .I n s t r .o c a n o g r .M o n a c o ,2 2 ,3 4 3 .T i x i e r ,R . ( 1 9 4 7 ) .C . R . A c a d .S c i . ,P a r i 8 ,2 2 5 ,5 0 8 .T i x i e r ,R . L e d e r e r , E . ( 1 9 4 9 ) .C . R . A c a d . S c i . ,P a r i 8 ,

2 2 8 ,1 6 6 9 .W a l d e n s t r o m ,J . ( 1 9 3 7 ) .A c t am e d .S c a n d .S u p p l .n o .8 2 .W a t s o n ,C .J . ( 1 9 3 8 ) .P r o c .S o c .e x p .B i o l . ,N . Y. , 3 9 ,5 1 4 .W a t s o n , C . J . ( 1 9 3 9 ) .P r o c .S o c .e x p . B i o l . ,N . Y . , 4 1 ,

5 9 1 .

A c i d - s o l u b l eP i g m e n t so f M o l l u s c a nS h e l l s4 . IDENTIFICATION OF SHELL PORPHYRINS WITH

PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO C ONC HOP OR P HYR IN

BY R . E . H . NICHOLAS AND A . COMFORT

D e p a r t m e n to fC h e m i c a lP a t h o l o g y ,U n i v e r s i t yC o l l e g eH o a p i t a lM e d i c a lS c h o o l ,a n d D e p a r t m e n to fP h y s i o l o g y ,L o n d o nH o s p i t a lM e d i c a lS c h o o l

R e c e i v e d1 3 D e c e m b e r1 9 4 8 )

P a r t i c u l a r i n t e r e s th a s b e e n a t t a c h e dt o t h e n a t u r eo f t h e p o r p h y r i n sp r e s e n t i n s h e l l ss i n c e F i s c h e r

J o r d a n 1 9 3 0 )r e p o r t e dt h e o c c u r r e n c ei n t h e m a r i n em o l l u s cP t e r i a r a d i a t a o f a p o r p h y r i n , c o n t a i n i n gf i v ec a r b o x y lg r o u p s , w h i c h t h e y n a m e d c o n c h o -p o r p h y r i n ,a n d w h i c hw a s t h e o n l y p e n t a c a r b o x y l i cp o r p h y r i nk n o w n i n n a t u r e . F i s c h e r H o l t 1 9 3 4 )l a t e r c o m p a r e di t w i t h a s y n t h e t i c a l l y p r e p a r e dp e n t a c a r b o x y l i cp o r p h y r i n . Th e f i n d i n g s o f o t h e rw o r k e r s F i s c h e r H a a r e r , 1 9 3 2 ; W a l d e n s t r o m ,1 9 3 7 ; T i x i e r ,1 9 4 5 ) i n d i c a t e ,h o w e v e r , t h a t o n l yu r o p o r p h y r i n sI a nd I I I a nd t r a c e so f c o p r o p o r p h y r i na r e r e s p o n s i b l ef o rt h e p i n kf l u o r e s c e n c eo f m o l l u s c a ns h e l l s .

On e o f u s C o m f o r t ,1 9 4 9 )h a s r e c o r d e da n e x t e n s i v es u r v e yo f t h e p i g m e n t sp r e s e n t i n m o l l u s c a ns h e l l s ,a nd h a s n o t e d t h e p h y l o g e n e t i cd i s t r i b u t i o n o fp o r p h y r i n .

H a v i n ga t o u r d i s p o s a la method o f s e p a r a t i n gp o r p h y r i n s , b y p a r t i t i o nc h r o m a t o g r a p h y ,i n t og r o u p s d e p e n d i n gu p o n t h e n u mb e r o f c a r b o x y lf u n c t i o n s i n t h e m o l e c u l e ,( N i c h o l a s R i m i n g t o n ,1 9 4 9 ;R i n i n g t o n ,1 9 4 9 ) ,w e h a v ee x a m i n e da s m a n yp o r p h y r i n - c o n t a i n i n gs h e l l so f d i f f e r e n ts p e c i e sa sp o s s i b l e ,i n c l u d i n gP t e r i a r a d i a t aL k . ,i n t h e h o p eo fc o n f i r m i n ga n d e x t e n d i n gF i s c h e r J o r d a n s 1 9 3 0 )o b s e r v a t i o n s .We h a v ea l s oha d a c c e s s t osome o f t h e

o r i g i n a lp o r p h y r i n m a t e r i a l p r e p a r e d b y t h e s ea u t h o r s ( m . p .2 7 0 - 2 7 3 o ) k i n d l yp r o v i d e dby P r o f .

J . W a l d e n s t r o mo f U p p s a l a , b u t w e h a v e o b t a i n e dn o e v i d e n c ef o r t h e e x i s t e n c e o f a p e n t a c a r b o x y l i c

p o r p h y r i n .METHOD

P o r p h y r i n s a n d o t h e r a c i d - s o l u b l es h e l lp i g m e n t s a r eq u a n t i t a t i v e l ya d s o r b e do n t a l c ;s a t i s f a c t o r ys e p a r a t i o no ft h e i n d i v i d u a lp o r p h y r i n sw a sn o t ,h o w e v e r ,a c h i e v e db y t h i sm e t h o d .T h e a c e t i ca c i d - e t h e rt e c h n i q u ef o rt h e e x t r a c t i o no f e t h e r - s o l u b l ep o r p h y r i n s i s d i f f i c u l tt o a p p l yt o s h e l le x t r a c t so n a c c o u n to ft h e l a r g eq u a n t i t i e so f c a l c i u ms a l t s .

T a l c a d s o r p t i o nc h r o m a t o g r a p h yw a s u s e d i n o r d e r t os e pa r a t e t h ep o r p h y r i na s f a ra s p o s s i b l ef r o mt h e o t h e rs h e l lp i g m e n t sp r e s e n t ,a n d f i n a l l yt h e p a p e r - p a r t i t i o nm e t h o d( N i c h o l a s R i m i n g t o n ,1 9 4 9 )f o r t h e s e p a r a t i o n o f t h ei n d i v i d u a lg r o u p so f p o r p h y r i n s .

T e c h n i q u eo f t a l cc h r o m a t o g r a p h y

P r e p a r a t i o n so f c o l u m n s .T a l c p o w d e r( p h a r m a c e u t i c a l )w a s s h a k e n w i t h e x c e s s o f 2 N - H C I ,a n d t h e s u s p e n s i o np o u r e dt h r o u g ha f u n n e lc o n t a i n i n gs o m eg l a s sb e a d s ( t or e m o v eb u b b l e s )i n t og l a s st u b e s 2 0 x 2 c m . ,t h e l o w e re n do fe a c hb e i n gc l o s e db y a c o t t o n - w o o lp l u g r e s t i n go n a c e r a m i ci n s u l a t o r .T h e s u s p e n s i o nw a s t h e n p a c k e dw i t h t h e a i d o fs u c t i o n .

E x t r a c t i o no f8 h e s 8T h es h e l l sw e r eb r o k e na n d d e c a l c i f i e df o r2 4 h r . i n c o n c . H C I , o r i n a m i x t u r eo f p h o s p h o r i ca c i d( s p . g r .1 - 7 5 )w i t h a n e q u a l v o l u m eo f w a t e r . T h e e x t r a c t sw e r ef i l t e r e dt h r o u g hg l a s sw o o lt o r e m o v ed e b r i s ,a d j u s t e dt o c o n t a i nb e t w e e n1 a n d 2 - 5 N - a c i db y d i l u t i o nw i t h w a t e r ,a n d p o u r e di n t ot h e t u b e s .

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VSHELL PIGMENTSC h r o m a t o g r a p h y .T h e e x t r a c t sw e r e d r a w nt h r o u g h t h e

c o l u m n su n d e r s u c t i o n .Th e c h r o m a t o g r a m sw e r e e i t h e rd e v e l o p e dw i t h i n c r e a s i n gs t r e n g t h so f a c e t o n ei n a q u e o u s3 N - H C l ,o r d r i e d f o rs e v e r a lh o u r so v e rs u c t i o na n de x t r u d e db y a i rp r e s s u r e f r o mb e l o w , t h e f l u o r e s c e n tz o n e s b e i n g c u to u t w i t h a c o v e rs l i p ,o r w i t h a s p e c i a l l ymade g l a s sk n i f e .

P r e c a u t i o n s .T h e a d s o r p t i v ep o w e ro fv a r i o u ss a m p l e so f

t a l cs h o w e dc o n s i d e r a b l ev a r i a t i o n ,a n d t h e a c i d i t yo f t h es o l v e n ts h o u l d n o te x c e e d2 - 5N ; s t r o n g e ra c i d sl e a d t ob l u r r i n go f b a n d s a n d r e v e r s a lo f t h e i r o r d e r .P a c k i n g f r o m a c i ds u s p e n s i o nw a s f o u n d n e c e s s a r y ,e v e n w i t h a c i d - w a s h e dt a l c , t o a v o i d c r a c k i n g o f t h e c o l u m nw h e ns u c t i o n w a sa p p l i e d .

T h e d e t a i l e da p p e a r a n c eo f t h e c h r o m a t o g r a m sa n d t h es p e c t r a lc h a r a c t e r o f t h e n o n - p o r p h y r i nb a n d s h a s b e e nd e s c r i b e di n a p re v i o u s p a p e ro f t h i ss e r i e s C o m f o r t ,1 9 4 9 ) .T h e p o r p h y r i np r e s e n t w a s l o c a l i z e dt o o n e n a r r o wp i n kf l u o r e s c e n tb a n d , e x c e p ti nt h e c a s eo f P t e r i av u l g a r i 8 ,w h e r ed i v i s i o no f t h e p o r p h y r i nw a so b t a i n e dd u r i n gt h e s e p a r a t i o no f a b l u ep i g m e n t ;s p e c t r o s c o p yo f t h e p o r p h y r i nf r a c t i o n si na c i d s o l u t i o ns h o w e di n e a c h ,h o w e v e r ,a S o r e tb a n d c o n -

s i s t e n tw i t h u r o p o r p h y r i n( A= 4 0 5m , . i n 2 N - H C I ) .

P r e p a r a t i o no fp o r p h y r i nf o r p a r t i t i o nc h r o m a t o g r a p h y

T h e s e c t i o no f t h e t a l cc o l u m n sc o n t a i n i n gt h e p o r p h y r i n ,a s s h o w nb y u l t r a v i o l e tl i g h t ,w a s c u t o u t a n d p l a c e di na c e t o n ec o n t a i n i n g1 b y v o l u m eo f 3 N - H C I .T h i se l u t e da l lt h e p o r p h y r i nt o g e t h e rw i t h some o f t h e o t h e r p i g m e n t sa d j a c e n t t o i t o n t h e o r i g i n a lt a l cc o l u m n .T h e e l u a t ew a sf i l t e r e dt h r o u g ha s i n t e r e d - g l a s sf u n n e l t o r e m o v et h e t a l ca n d t h e l a t t e rw a s h e dw i t h H C l - a c e t o n es o l u t i o n . f t e rc o m b i n i n gt h e w a s h i n g sw i t h t h e f i r s te l u a t e ,t h e a c e t o n ew a s r e m o v e du n d e rr e d u c e dp r e s s u r e a t r o o m t e m p e r a t u r e .T h e s o l u t i o n ,w h i c hw a s h i g h l yf l u o r e s c e n ti n u l t r a v i o l e tl i g h t ,b u t v a r i e di n c o l o u rw i t h i n d i v i d u a ls h e l l sf r o mb r o w nt o v i o l e t ,w a s t h e n p a s s e dt h r o u g ha s m a l l t a l cc o l u m nt or e m o v et h e r e m a i n i n g n o n - po r ph y r i np i g m e n t sa n d t h ei n o r g a n i cs a l t sw h i c hi n t e r f e r ew i t h t h e p a r t i t i o nc h r o m a t o -g r a p h y .

T h i s c o l u m n ,3 x 0 - 5c m . , w a s p a c k e df r o ma s u s p e n s i o no ft a l ci n d i s t i l l e dw a t e r ; u n d e rt h e s e c o n d i t i o n st h e p o r p h y r i ni sa d s o r b e do n t h e t o p o f t h e c o l u m nw i t h t h e o t h e rp i g m e n t sb e n e a t hi t T h ec o l u m nw a s t h e n w a s h e dw i t h d i s t i l l e dw a t e ru n t i lt h e e l u a t ew a s f r e ef r o m CF A n y r e m a i n i n gn o n -f l u o r e s c e n tp i g m e n t sw e r e t h e n r e m o v e db y w a s h i n gt h ec o l u m nw i t h i n c r e a s i n gc o n c e n t r a t i o n s o fa q u e o u s N H . ,b e g i n n i n g

w i t h0 - 0 1N ,

t h ep o r p h y r i nb e i n gf i n a l l y

e l u t e dw i t hl O N - N H , ,i n w h i c hi t d e s c e n d sa s a n ar ro w b a n d a n dc a n b e

c o l l e c t e di n a p p r o x i m a t e l y0 - 1m l . o f s o l u t i o nw h i c h w a sa p p l i e dt o t h e p a p e r c h r o m a t o g r a m .

T h e s p e c i m e no f F i s c h e r sc o n c h o p o r p h y r i ne s t e r( m . p .2 7 0 - 2 7 3 ° ;F i s c h e r J o r d a n ,1 9 3 0 )w a s p r e p a r e df o rc h r o m a t o -g r a p h y b y h y d r o l y s i n gi t i n a p p r o x i m a t e l y7 N - H C If o r2 4 h r . a t r o o m t e m p e r a t u r e .T h e H C 1w a s r e m o v e di n av a c u u m d e s i c c a t o ro v e r KOH a n d t h e p o r p h y r i nr e s i d u ed i s s o l v e di n0 - 1m l .o f a q u e o u s1 N - N H 3 .

P a r t i t i o n c h r o m a t o g r a p h y

T h e p a r t i t i o nc h r o m a t o g r a m sw e r e r u n o n s t r i p so f

W h a t m a n n o . 1 f i l t e rp a p e r ( 6x 4 0 c m . )a t a t e m p e r a t u r eo f2 1 0 ,u s i n ga m i x t u r e o ft h e 2 : 4 -a n d 2 : 5 - d i m e t h y l p y r i d i n e s

( l u t i d i n e )a s s o l v e n t ,a n d i na n a t m o s p h e r es a t u r a t e dw i t ht h e s o l v e n ta n d w a t e r v a p o u r .

P o r p h y r i n sa r e s e p a r a t e du n d e rt h e s e c o n d i t i o n si n t os p o t sc l e a r l yv i s i b l eb y t h e i rp i n k f l u o r e s c e n c ei n u l t r a v i o l e tl i g h t .I t h a s b e e n s h o w nt h a t t h e R pv a l u e s o f t h e s p o t s b e a r a ni n v e r s e l i n e a rr e l a t i o n s h i pt o t h e n u m b e r o f c a r b o x y lf i m c t i o n si n t h e p o r p h y r i nm o l e c u l ew h i c ht h e y r e p r e s e n t

( N i c h o l a s R i m i n g t o n ,1 9 4 9 ) .T h e R p v a l u e s a t 2 1 0f o rr e p r e s e n t a t i v ep o r p h y r i n sa r er e c o r d e di n T a b l e 1 .

T a b l e R 1 v a l u e8 o fp o r p h y r i n 8i n l u t i d i n e a t2 1 0

P o r p h y r i n* U r o p o r p h y r i nC o p r o p o r p h y r i nP r o t o p o r p h y r i n a n do t h e r

2 - c a r b o x y l p o r ph y r i n s )P h y l l o e r y t h r i nA l le s t e r s

R pv a l u e s

0 - 0 7( 0 - 1 2 )0 - 50 - 7 5

0 - 8 70 - 9 8

N o . o fc a r b o x y lf u n c t i o n s

842

10

U r o p o r p h y r i nc h a r a c t e r i s t i c a l l yg i v e s t w o s p o t s .

I n o r d e rt o a v o i dm i s i n t e r p r e t a t i o nt h r o u g hs l i g h tc h a n g e si n R pd u e t o v a r i a t i o ni n c o n d i t i o n s ,known m a r k e r s w e r er u n o n t h e s t r i pi n e v e r yc a s e a l o n g s id e t h e m a t e r i a lu n d e ri n v e s t i g a t i o n .

RESULTS

Th e r e s u l t sw h i c h w e h a v e o b t a i n e d w i t h e i g h td i f f e r e n tt y p e s o f s h e l la nd w i t h F i s c h e r s c o n c h o -p o r p h y r i n F i s c h e r J o r d a n , 1 9 3 0 ) , s t a t e d t o b ed e r i v e df r o mP t e r i a r a d i a t a ,a r e r e c o r d e di n T a b l e 2 .

T a b l e 2 . 1 F v a l u e s a n d i d e n t i f i c a t i o no f p o r p h y r i n sp r e s e n ti n m a t e r i a l se x a m i n e d

T h e R pv a l u e i n b r a c k e t sr e p r e s e n t s t h e a d d i t i o n a lu r o -p o r p h y r i ns p o t . )

S h e l lF i s c h e r s c o n c h o -

p o r p h y r i n ( P t e r i ar a d i a t a )

P t e r i ar a d i a t af r o mS . C a r o l i n a

P i n e t a d av u l g a r i s( P t e r i av u l g a r i 8 )T r i v i ae u r o p o e a

B u l as p .P l a c u n as e l l aU m b o n i u ma u s t r a l eM a l l e u sv u l g a r i sG r i b b u l ac i n e r a r i a

R pv a l u e so fs p o t s o b t a i n e d

0 - 0 6( 0 - 1 1 )0 - 4 9

0 - 0 7 ( 0 - 1 2 )

0 - 0 7( 0 - 1 2 )0 - 4 9

0 - 0 7( 0 - 1 2 )0 - 0 8 ( 0 - 1 4 )0 - 0 5( 0 - 1 )0 - 0 8 ( 0 - 1 3 )0 - 0 6 ( 0 - 1 1 )0 - 0 7( 0 - 1 1 )

P o r p h y r i np r e s e n t

U r o p o r p h y r i na n dc o p r o p o r p h y r i n

U r o p o r p h y r i n

U r o p o r p h y r i na n d

c o p r o p o r p h y r i nU r o p o r p h y r i nU r o p o r p h y r i nU r o p o r p h y r i nU r o p o r p h y r i nU r o p o r p h y r i nU r o p o r p h y r i n

DISCUSSION

Th e r e s u l t sc o n f i r me a r l i e re v i d e n c et h a t t h e p o r -p h y r i np r e s e n ti n s h e l l si su r o p o r p h y r i n ,a c c o m p a n i e di n some c a s e sb ys m a l l e rq u a n t i t i e so f c o p r o p o r p h y r i n .

No e v i d e n c eh a s b e e n f o u n d f o r t h e e x i s t e n c e o f ap e n t a - o r h e p t a - c a r b o x y l i cp o r p h y r i n .

Vo I .4 5 2 0 9

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8/10/2019 Acid-soluble Pigments of Molluscan Shell Porphyrins With Particular Reference to Conchoporphyrin

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2 1 0 R . E . H . NICHOLAS ND A . COMFORT I 9 4 9Th e f a c tt h a t t h e u r o p o r p h y r i nd o e sn o t b e h a v ea s

a n e n t i t y o n t h e c h r o m a t o g r a m w o u l dp o i n t t o t h ep o s s i b i l i t yo f a s e v e nc a r b o x y lp o r p h y r i n( R 1 0 . 1 2 )b b i n g p r e s e n t . T h i s h a s b e e n e x c l u d e d o n t h e g r o u n d s :f i r s t , t h a t o t h e r s a m p l e s o f u r o p o r p h y r i no f n o n -m o l l u s c a no r i g i n ,c o n s i d e r e d p u r e b y a l l o t h e rs t a n d a r d s ,b e h a v ei d e n t i c a l l y ;a nd s e c o n d l y t h a t t h e s p o t o f R 1 0 -0 7 ,w h i c hr e p r e s e n t s t h e m a j o r i t yo ft h e p o r p h y r i n ,c a n b eshown t o d e c o m p o s ea g a i ni n t otwo s p o t s ( R .0 - 0 7a nd 0 . 1 2 )by r o t a t i n gt h e c h r o m a -t o g r a m t h r o u g h 9 0 ° a nd r e - r u n n i n g i n t h e ne wd i r e c t i o nw i t h t h e s a m e s o l v e n t .

T h e r e e x i s t sa n e l e m e n t o f d o u b t s u r r o u n d i n gF i s c h e r s i d e n t i f i c a t i o no f h i ss h e l lm a t e r i a l F i s c h e r J o r d a n , 1 9 3 0 ) ;h i sp u b l i s h e dp a p e r s d e a l s p e c i f i -c a l l yw i t h t w o s p e c i e s o f P t e r i a ,v i z .P t e r i a r a d i a t a ,d e s c r i b e d a s a V e n e z u e l a ns p e c i e s f r o m w h i c hF i s c h e r J o r d a n 1 9 3 0 ) o b t a i n e d c o n c h o p o r p h y r i n ,a n d P t e r i a v u l g a r i 8 ,n o w c a l l e dP i n c t a d a v u l g a r 8 s ,w h i c hi s w i d e l yd i s t r i b u t e di n t h e I n d i a nO c e a na ndu s e d i n t h e b u t t o n a n d f a n c yg o o d st r a d e u n d e rt h en a m e o f P e r s i a n l i n g a hs h e l l .

Th e s p e c i m e n so f P t e r i a r a d i a t a L k . * w h i c hw eh a v ee x a m i n e dw e r e f r o m S o u t hC a r o l i n aand t h e i ri d e n t i t y w a s k i n d l ye s t a b l i s h e db y Dr John Burch o fL o s A n g e l e sw h o s u p p l i e d t h e m . We h a v e a l s oe x a m i n e dc a r e f u l l yi d e n t i f i e dP i n c t a d a ( P t e r i a )v u l g a r i 8f r o m B a h r e i no n t h e P e r s i a n G u l f .T h e s ew e r eo b t a i n e df r o mt h e d e a l e r w h o s u p p l i e dF i s c h e rw i t h h i ss p e c i m e n so f P . v u l g a r i .

I n v i e wo f t h e u n c e r t a i n t y , b o t h c h e m i c a la n d

z o o l o g i c a l ,s u r r o u n d i n gF i s c h e r sm a t e r i a l , i t w o u l db e d i f f i c u l tt o e x p r e s s a d e f i n i t eo p i n i o na s t o t h ee x i s t e n c eo f h i s c o n c h o p o r p h y r i n ,b u t t h e f a c tt h a tw e f o u n dh i se s t e r m a t e r i a l , m . p . 2 7 0 - 2 7 3 ° ,t o b e am i x t u r eo f u r o p o r p h y r i na n d c o p r o p o r p h y r i n ,c a s t s

d o u b t su p o n h i sc l a i m s . C e r t a i n l yn o p e n t a c a r b o x y l i cp o r p h y r i ni s p r e s e n t i n a ny o f t h e s p e c i e s o f s h e l lw eh a v ee x a m i n e d .

Th e u n i f o r m i t y w h i c h w e f i n d b e t w e e n t h ep o r p h y r i n so f d i f f e r e n tg r o u p so f s h e l l sm i g h th a v eb e e n p r e d i c t e d i f i t i s a s s u m e dt h a t t h e y a r e e n dp r o d u c t so f a c l o s e l ys i m i l a r o r i d e n t i c a l m e t a b o l i cc y c l e .I t i s o f i n t e r e s tt h a t no p o r p h y r i n so f t h ec h l o r o p h y l ls e r i e sh a v eb e e ne n c o u n t e r e d .

A l t h o u g hw e h a v e n o t b e e n a b l e t o c o n f i r mt h ee x i s t e n c eo f c o n c h o p o r p h y r i n ,i t m a y b e m e n t i o n e dt h a t t h e t e c h n i q u eo f p a r t i t i o n c h r o m a t o g r a p h yh a sr e v e a l e di n o t h e r m a t e r i a l s t h ee x i s t e n c e o f p o r p h y -r i n sp r e s u m a b l yc o n t a i n i n gf l v ea nd s e v e nc a r b o x y lg r o u p sr e s p e c t i v e l y R i m i n g t o n ,p e r s o n a lcommuni-c a t i o n ) .

SUMM RY

1 . E x t r a c t s o f p o r p h y r i n - c o n t a i n i n gm o l l u s c a n

s h e l L sh a v eb e e ne x a m i n e db y a d s o r p t i o na nd p a p e r -p a r t i t i o n c h r o m a t o g r a p h y .

2 . Th e p r e s e n c e o f u r o p o r p h y r i na n d , i n o n es p e c i e s ,o f c o p r o p o r p h y r i nh a s b e e ns h o w n .

3 . No e v i d e n c eh a s b e e n f o u n df o rt h e e x i s t e n c ei n t h e s e s h e l l so f t h e p e n t a c a r b o x y l i cp o r p h y r i nd e s c r i b e d b y F i s c h e r J o r d a n 1 9 3 0 ) u n d e r t h en a m e o f c o n c h o p o r p h y r i n .

W e w i s h t o e x p r e s so u r t h a n k st o P r o f .C .R i m i n g t o nf o rh i sh e l pa n d e n c o u r a g e m e n ta n d f o ra c c e s s t o u n p u b l i s h e dd a t a ,t o P r o f .J . Wa l d e n s t r b mo f U p p s a l af o ra s p e c i m e no fF i s c h e r sc o n c h o p o r p h y r i n ,t o Dr E . M . J o p e M e d i c a

R e s e a r c hC o u n c i lS p e c t r o g r a p h i cU n i t ,L o n d o nH o s p i t a l ,f o ra s s i s t a n c ew i t h s p e c t r o g r a p h i cm e a s u r e m e n t sa n d t o M i s sA . B e n s o n ,f o rt e c h n i c a la s s i s t a n c e .T h e w o r kw a s f i n a n c e db y t h e Y a r r o wR e s e a r c hF u n d L o n d o nH o s p i t a l )a n d b y ag r a n t f r o m t h e M e d i c a lR e s e a r c hC o u n c i l .T h es u b s t a n c eo ft h i s ,a n d t h e f o r e g o i n gt h r e ep a p e r s o n m o l l u s c a np i g m e n t si n t h i ss e r i e s ,h a s b e e na p p r o v e da s p a r t o f a T h e s i sf o rt h ed e g r e eo f P h . D . i n t h e U n i v e r s i t yo f L o n d o n .

RE F E RE N CE S

C o m f o r t ,A . ( 1 9 4 9 ) .B i o c h e m .J . 4 4 ,1 1 1 .F i s c h e r ,H . H a a r e r ,E . ( 1 9 3 2 ) .H o p p e - S e y l .Z . 2 0 4 , 1 0 1 .

F i s c h e r ,H . H o l t , E . V . ( 1 9 3 4 ) .H o p p e - S e y l .Z . 2 2 7 ,1 2 4 .F i s c h e r ,H . J o r d a n , K . ( 1 9 3 0 ) .H o p p e - S e y l .Z . 1 90 ,7 5 .

N i c h o l a s ,R . E . H . R i m i n g t o n ,C . ( 1 9 4 9 ) .S c a n d .J . c l i n .l a b .I n v e 8 t . 1 , 1 2 .

R i m i n g t o n ,C .( 1 9 4 9 ) .B i o c h e m .S o c .S y m p .n o .3 , p . 7 2 .T i x i e r ,R . ( 1 9 4 5 ) .A n n .I n t . o c 6 a n o g r .M o n a c o ,2 2 ,3 4 3 .W a l d e n s t r o m ,J . ( 1 9 3 7 ) .A c t am e d .S c a n d .S u p p l . n o .8 2 .

A p h o t o g r a p ho f t h e s h e l lm a y b e o b t a i n e df r o m t h ea u t h o r s .