Acid and BasesChapter 10

Essential QuestionsHow are acids and bases defined and classified?

How do we classify a solution as a acidic, basic or neutral solution?

What is pH and what does it describe?

How does acid rain occur?

Acids and BasesAcid is from acidus which means “_________”

Bases taste ________and are _____________.

Bases are considered ____________which is from the Arabic word for _____________

Definition of Acid/BaseAcid is any chemical that _____________a

hydrogen ion.

Bases is any chemical that ____________a hydrogen ion.

Hydronium IonA water molecule with an _______________.

Hydroxide IonIs a water molecule with __________________atom.

Products of Acid/Base Reaction

Products of an acid-base reaction behave as ________or ____________.

An ammonium ion may ____________a hydrogen ion back to a hydroxide ion to _____________the original reactants.

Acid/Base Reactions cont’Forward and reverse acid-base reactions occur

at the _____________________

Water ReactionWater can act as a ____________, donating a

hydrogen to another ___________ molecule

Produces ____________ion and a _____________ion

The reverse reaction has hydronium ____________a hydrogen atom to the hydroxide ion to form __________

Identify the Acid/Base After Proton Donation

HNO3 NO3

-

H2SO4

HSO4-

HBr Br-

H2S HS-

Identify the Base After Accepting a Proton

NO3-

HNO3

OH-

H2O

NH3

NH3+

HSO4-

H2SO4

What is pH?The negative of the ________________of the

hydronium ion concentration.

pH = -log[______]

Acidic, Basic and Neutral Solutions

Acidic solutions have more ________________ions than _____________ions.

Basic solutions have less _______________ions than ________________ions.

Neutral solutions have equal numbers or ______________and _________________ions.

pHNotice the scale has the highest concentration

of hydronium ions at pH = -________with pH is the lowest at pH = ____________

High pH number means a very ___________solution.

Low pH number means a very ____________solution.

pH = 7 is a ____________solution

Product of Acid/Base Reaction

A salt is any ionic compound formed between a reaction of ______________________Examples of salt: KNO3, CaCl2, NaF

Acid-base reactions are a neutralization reactionPositive ion of salt comes from the ____________Negative ion of salt comes from the ___________

Water is usually in the product of a ________________reaction

Strength or Acids/BasesStrong acids easily donate ____________to water.

Very little of the original acid is ________________.

Weak acids have a less tendency to donate ____________ions to water.Much of the _______________is found in the water.

Bases behave the ______________. Strong bases readily _____________hydrogen ions.

Acid RainRainwater is acidic because of the presence of

CO2

CO2 comes _______________________________

CO2 + H2O H2CO3 (carbonic acid)

Carbonic acid _______________the pH of rainwater to __________

Acid rain occurs by presence of pollutants like SO2 (sulfur dioxide) from _____________________

2 SO2 + O2 2 SO3

SO3 + H2O H2SO4

Acid rain is the term for rain with a pH ____________

Lakes Sensitive to Acid Rain

• Rocks which contain ____________contain bases. Rocks which contain ___________contain very little bases.

• Red area = lakes __________to acid because the rocks are mostly ___________.

Smoky Mountains

Acid Rain Effects

Ocean vs. Fresh Water pHFresh water ______________and ______________CO2

pH is below 7 for freshwater lakes

Oceans _____________and _______________CO2

Considered a carbon dioxide ______________pH is approximately __________________

Greenhouse EffectOceans cannot _____________enough

___________to stop greenhouse effect

CO2 traps ____________ radiation which ____________up the surface of the Earth

pH of rain, ______________________and pH of oceans are interconnected

Buffer SolutionsBuffer solutions __________________changes in

pH

Need a __________acid and ___________of a weak acid

The strong acid _____________with the salt of a weak acid to produce a _____________and a _________

Buffer Solution with a Strong Base

A strong base interacts with the weak acid to produce a _________and _____________

pH does change in buffer solutionsA strong base would _____________slightly the pHA strong acid would _____________the pH slightly

Blood Buffer SolutionContains both _______________ acid and sodium

___________________

Carbonic acid ________________when you hold your breath or ____________the level of CO2 in your bloodstream

Hyperventilation causes CO2 to ____________your bloodstream and _________________sodium bicarbonate.