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Achieving Change through Open Data
Andrew Stott UK Transparency Boardformerly Director, data.gov.uk
Zagreb, Croatia28 Sep 2012
Open Data in the UK: The Policy Drivers
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Policy Drivers for Open Data
Economic growth and social value
Improve public services
Transparent Government
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Labour Coalition
UK Policy Drivers
New economic and social value
June 07 Mar 11
4
Feb 09
Economic Value of Open Data
Open Gov Data in EU would increase business activity by up to €40 Bn with total annual benefits of €140 Bn
Spanish study found ~€600m of business from open data with >5000 jobs
Australian study found ROI of ~500% from open dataDeloitte study for EU found open data was reused 10-
100 times more than charged-for dataReleasing addressing data as Open Data in Denmark
gave $21m/yr benefits and 2200% ROIOpen Weather Data in US has created 400 companies
employing 4000 people
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Labour Coalition
UK Policy Drivers
New economic and social value
Jul 11
Improve public services
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Mar 09
Open Data improving public services
Publishing the UK’s 240 cardiac surgeons’ individual clinical outcomes reduced deaths by 1000 a year
1000s of apps delivering public transport information in the United States – 68 in New York alone
UK released data on location of 300,000 bus-stops; OpenStreetMap corrected 18,000 of them, improving official data accuracy.
Sharing Open Data within public agencies in Manchester (city of 2.6m people) saves US$14m/yr
Open Data on public agency purchasing has allowed a “whole of government” view to get best prices and performance from key suppliers
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Labour Coalition
Jun 09
UK Policy Drivers
New economic and social value
May 10
Improve public services
Transparent & Accountable Government
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Open Data in Transparency
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UK Government Transparency Data
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For every Ministry:-ExpenditureSenior staff salariesExpensesOfficial credit cardsContractsTendersOrganisation chartsLocal service & performance dataMeetings
Financial Transparency: Macro Level
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Holding government accountable
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Financial Transparency: Transaction level
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Pressure to justify and restrain costs
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Pressure to justify and restrain costs
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Financial transparency: Contract Level
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Links to the documents
Contracts: A great example from Slovakia
17http://www.otvorenezmluvy.sk/
Original text of contract from Gov website
“Rate this contract”
Key details and links
Fair-Play Alliance
Transparency of Hospital Performance
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12+ WeeksMRSA-free
Good C-DiffrecordLow
Mortality
2 recentMRSA
Bloodclots
Patientratings
Crime Data
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Crime: Data Engagement
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Local team
Telephone, website, Facebook and Youtube ….
Local police
Twitter feed
How YOU can get involved
It’s very local
Accessible data on crime
Attract Inform Engage Action
Open Data for Accountability
Open Data exposed CAN$3.2bn misuse of charitable status in tax code in Canada
Publishing UK Senior Civil Servants’ expenses reduced claims by ~40-50%
Open Data exposed racial discrimination in water supply in Zanesville, United States – victims won $10.9m compensation
UK civil service pay data exposed people paid twice as much as the Head of the Civil Service and three times as much as the Prime Minister
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A dataset can serve multiple objectives
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Lessons learned
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Top-level political support essential
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“Public information does not belong to Government, it belongs to the public.”
“Greater transparency will enable the public to hold politicians and public bodies to account”
Strong civil society “demand-side” essential
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Passionate team important too!
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Deliver incrementally
Release interesting & useful data
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Ensure clear, common, licensing
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Don’t accept “no” — work out “how”
It’s held separately by n different organisations, and we can’t join it up It will make people angry and scared without helping them It is technically impossible We do not own the data The data is just too large to be published and used Our website cannot hold files this large We know the data is wrong We know the data is wrong, and people will tell us where it is wrong We know the data is wrong, and we will waste valuable resources
inputting the corrections people send us People will draw superficial conclusions from the data without
understanding the wider picture People will construct league tables from it It will generate more Freedom of Information requests It will cost too much to put it into a standard format It will distort the market Our IT suppliers will charge us a fortune to do an ad hoc extract
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Manage expectations, prepare for mistakes
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“We’re making a small start next week. But eventually, it’s going to make a big difference.”
“The information we’re publishing next week won’t be perfect, and I’m sure there’ll be some mistakes. But I want to get on with it.”UK Prime Minister 29 May 2010
Photos: @memespring, @MadLabUK, @paul_clarke
Continuously engage with developers
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.. and highlight applications, not data
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Government is a data user too
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… and the biggest lesson of all
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Overcome obstacles practically by doing,
not debating
Overcome obstacles practically by doing,
not debating
Open Data, Privacyand
Freedom of Information
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Open Data v. Privacy
Open Data and Freedom of Information
Why did the UK FOI Act not give Open Data?FOI practice has focussed on Requests for Information, and ignored Proactive PublicationExemptions give many grounds to withholdLong-winded process to challenge refusalsNo “right to reuse” in FOI responses (fixing)No requirement for re-usable formats (fixing)Cost thresholds – inefficient Ministries are less transparentUncertainty and time delays are barriers to innovation
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Birmingham Parking Tickets: Data obtained by FOI
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FOI: Parking Tickets
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Wide range of excuses:It will cost too much: It’s too big to email, therefore we must print itIt is personal informationYou must be working for an organisation. We have passed it on to our technical team
FOI did not enable re-use
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Too much data?
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“But the Con-Lib government’s claim that it heralded openness was met with some scepticism, as the database is too vast and unusable for anyone but computer and data experts to decipher.”
One Day Later
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Two Days Later
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Conclusion
Open Data a key enabler – but its value is in its use
Important to grow open data “ecosystem” in civil society
Data should engage rather than just inform
Government must be prepared to listen and act
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Questions?
46
End
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