“According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the worldwide demand for primary

energy increases by 55 per cent [sic] between 2005 and 2030 – 1.8 per cent hike per year on

average.”

(Dr. Rajagopalan, Billion Year Plan)

So where will this energy come from?

Space-Based Power

Space-Based Solar And Solar Wind

Presented By: Bobby Schneider

Oil Alternatives: Space-Based

PowerThe energy solution that is literally out of this world.

Just as space seems to be endless, so is the power that it has to offer. Providing energy 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, nations around the globe have found that space is a promising source of alternative

energy. With the necessary money and technology, a future of Solar power and Solar Wind from space could very well be the answer to

Earth’s seemingly unsolvable energy crisis.

Content:-Key Actors and Stakeholders-Space-Based Solar Power -What is it? -How it Works -History -Present-Day Project-Space-Based Solar Wind -What is it? -How it Works -History -Present-Day Project-Cons and Challenges Faced-Pros and Potential-What Lies Ahead-Questions

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://polizeros.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Space-based-solar-power.jpg&imgrefurl=http://polizeros.com/2011/03/26/space-based-solar-energy/&usg=__3ul8ozxeMuHJP9ltgTCei8VerKs=&h=267&w=335&sz=26&hl=en&start=201&zoom=1&tbnid=AkrCPQ74u9x0UM:&tbnh=148&tbnw=188&ei=DdGgTbvcKMTh0gG8qen7BA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dsolar%2Bpower%2Bin%2Bspace%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26biw%3D1440%26bih%3D799%26tbm%3Disch0%2C5353&um=1&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=406&oei=nNCgTa_jL6690QG44Yz7BA&page=9&ndsp=24&ved=1t:429,r:5,s:201&tx=74&ty=99&biw=1440&bih=799

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.sciencenewsforkids.org/articles/20050112/a642_1949.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.sciencenewsforkids.org/articles/20050112/Feature1.asp&usg=__tvBply7BS4SzPx94kf3bxmGcgLQ=&h=288&w=288&sz=19&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=kp5gEXzRuoo11M:&tbnh=157&tbnw=164&ei=XdCgTe_xOKTd0QGS0czRBQ&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsolar%2Bwind%2Band%2Bsails%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26biw%3D1440%26bih%3D799%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=410&oei=XdCgTe_xOKTd0QGS0czRBQ&page=1&ndsp=24&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0&tx=11&ty=55

Key Actors and Stakeholders (America)

Involvement:United States-Based National Space Society

Space Power AssociationInternational Energy Agency

United States Department of Energy (DOE)National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Johnson

Space Center(The Space Solar Power Exploratory Research Program)

U.S. Air ForceUnited States Pentagon’s National Security Space Office (NSSO)

The Planetary Society of the United StatesThe European Union and Astrium

Boeing Company, Sylmar, and Rockwell International JAXA (includes: NASDA, ISAS, NAL)

Key Actors, Stakeholders, Expertise:Space Energy Incorporated

PowerSat CorporationSolaren and other light/heat/electric companies

Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E)Aerospace Engineers, Physicists, and Astronauts

Technical Programmers/Laser Optics TechsScientists and Astronomers

Global Governments and Space AgenciesMankind

“A single kilometer-wide band of geosynchronous Earth orbit experiences

enough solar flux in one year to nearly equal the amount of energy contained within all

known recoverable conventional oil reserves on Earth today.”

(Berger, Space News)

What is Space-Based Solar Power?

Space-Based Solar Power (SBSP): “A proposed system for the collection of solar power in space, for use on Earth.” (Wikipedia)

- Time to Earth: ~8 minutes- 24 Hour energy (no rotation or weather)- 144% greater than that collected on surface (5 times stronger)- Equipment not as easily damaged- 90% light penetration

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://scienceblogs.com/startswithabang/upload/2010/11/the_physics_of_global_warming/EarthSun.jpeg&imgrefurl=http://scienceblogs.com/startswithabang/2010/11/the_physics_of_global_warming.php&usg=__k6YdAefTmndIxRdyI1TvqAp0QXQ=&h=299&w=394&sz=18&hl=en&start=26&zoom=1&tbnid=uAwWgFAs0tMtcM:&tbnh=148&tbnw=204&ei=J96gTeTJJOe70QHLwb2NBQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dsun%2Band%2Bearth%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26biw%3D1440%26bih%3D799%26addh%3D36%26tbm%3Disch0%2C844&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=582&vpy=432&dur=554&hovh=196&hovw=258&tx=189&ty=109&oei=Jt6gTYKRGcLs0gGxvJyaDQ&page=2&ndsp=24&ved=1t:429,r:20,s:26&biw=1440&bih=799

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Space_solar_power.svg

How it Works

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://martianchronicles.files.wordpress.com/2010/06/space-solar.jpg&imgrefurl=http://martianchronicles.wordpress.com/2010/06/20/our-burning-need-for-energ/&usg=__8c_2lNbdeLwmolBshiGDRud6fa0=&h=625&w=630&sz=78&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=5eoTmfT2YWti7M:&tbnh=156&tbnw=157&ei=xdugTZKkM4S90QHI8tn7BA&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dspace%2Bbased%2Bsolar%2Bpower%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26biw%3D1440%26bih%3D799%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=758&vpy=88&dur=415&hovh=224&hovw=225&tx=132&ty=131&oei=xdugTZKkM4S90QHI8tn7BA&page=1&ndsp=24&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:0

According to Wikipedia, there are 3 basic steps in the use of Solar power

form space:

1. “A means of collecting solar power in space” ex: solar cells, panels

2. “A means of transmitting power to earth” ex: infrared laser, microwaves

3. “A means of receiving power on earth.” ex: laser bases, microwave antennas (rectifying antennas or rectennas)

Sunsats

History

http://www.universetoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/05/soho_sun.jpg

1978-1981 - NASA and the United States Department of Energy perform their initial

“reference study”

1995-1997 - NASA’s “Fresh Look”

1997-2002 - SSP Exploratory Research and Technology (SERT)

1968 – Peter Glass introduces the concept of SBSP

2006 – Department of

Defense conducts studies

of SBSP

http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/iss_ovr/index.htm

1982 – Boeing designed a solar satellite power system for full energy supply in America

2008 – U.S. Air Force Research Lab heads “The State of Space

Solar Power Technology” workshop (Boeing, Wikipedia, and Open Energy Information)

Solar Power

http://www.physorg.com/news172224356.htmlhttp://www.physorg.com/news172224356.html

Japanese Solar Satellite Project

Price: Two Trillion Yen ($21 Billion)Planning: Japanese Government’s Institute of Energy Economics, Japanese

Trade Ministry, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Excalibur, Japanese Space Development and Utilization Ministry, Kyoto University

Funding: 16 companies (Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Mitsubishi Electric Corp., Sharp Corp., Tokyo-Based IHI Corp.)

Where: Geo-Synchronous orbit (~35,000 km above equator)Potential Power: ~300,000 homes

(Business Green, Physorg)

“A satellite with a 1,000-meter (3,280-foot) cable and a sail 8,400 kilometers (5,220 miles)

across . . . would generate one billion billion gigawatts of power. That’s Approximately 100 billion times the power Earth currently uses.”

(Bland, Discovery News)

What is Space-Based Solar Wind?Solar Wind: “A stream of energized, charged particles, primarily electrons

and protons, flowing outward from the Sun, through the solar system at speeds as high as 900 km/s and at a temperature of 1 million degrees (Celsius).” (Northwestern University)

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.thunderbolts.info/tpod/2006/image06/060227comet.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.thunderbolts.info/tpod/2006/arch06/060227comet.htm&usg=__nMShE-4zIAVG8xK5dtjnWm-AkE8=&h=519&w=648&sz=108&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=kYq5NmgoZcokXM:&tbnh=163&tbnw=190&ei=YN-gTbiMFeex0QHg0oCVBQ&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcomet%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26biw%3D752%26bih%3D670%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=460&vpy=139&dur=1017&hovh=201&hovw=251&tx=234&ty=118&oei=YN-gTbiMFeex0QHg0oCVBQ&page=1&ndsp=10&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:0

- Derives from the Sun’s Corona

- 900km/s = ~559 mi/s

- Averages 1,000,000 mph

- Time to Earth: ~4 days

- Tails of comets

- Northern Lights

- Limitless http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/space-environment/3-what-is-solar-wind.html

http://www.environmentalgraffiti.com/photovoltaic/news-ikaros-sailing-solar-wind-venus

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.trustedlog.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/06/northern-lights-f.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.trustedlog.com/2007/06/25/northern-lights-aurora/&h=1024&w=1280&sz=312&tbnid=hMfqPzn7OExuTM:&tbnh=120&tbnw=150&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnorthern%2Blights%26tbm%3Disch%26tbo%3Du&zoom=1&q=northern+lights&hl=en&usg=__gpSh7QA9gsKFOcrySpaXGLrziLE=&sa=X&ei=IoW_Tf6wLYPhiALOurmDAw&sqi=2&ved=0CEIQ9QEwBA

How it Works

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/images/magnetosphere.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/satellites/sms.asp&usg=__UJU3lR-Rs6zDW7TyWaamC3hzpPk=&h=464&w=600&sz=98&hl=en&start=32&zoom=1&tbnid=ZnmjWGDBBc-hLM:&tbnh=153&tbnw=230&ei=Kb2gTZOfAdKz0QHY7LCBBQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dsatellites%2Band%2Bearth%27s%2Bmagnetic%2Bfield%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26biw%3D1440%26bih%3D799%26tbm%3Disch0%2C902&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=156&vpy=380&dur=268&hovh=197&hovw=255&tx=175&ty=91&oei=Er2gTejrEsOU0QGJ4vGHBQ&page=2&ndsp=28&ved=1t:429,r:21,s:32&biw=1440&bih=799

Sun losses nearly 1

billion kg/s from solar

wind

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2005/earth/earth_mag_auro_illustration_label.jpg&imgrefurl=http://chandra.harvard.edu/resources/illustrations/solarsystem.html&usg=__M3VNSh7VKJPob0RT3CiPFGEyDYk=&h=612&w=792&sz=270&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=XAOR4l3Yy89a9M:&tbnh=147&tbnw=173&ei=r8SgTaLrLs-20QH9pMGjBQ&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dearth%2527s%2Bmagnetic%2Bfield%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26biw%3D1440%26bih%3D799%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=723&vpy=300&dur=356&hovh=147&hovw=190&tx=111&ty=85&oei=s8SgTbPjJ8Tz0gHO0sGxBA&page=1&ndsp=28&ved=1t:429,r:10,s:0

Sun’s rotation causes spiral

effect

Most reflected off, some moves

toward Earth

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.businessandleadership.com/fs/img/news/201010/rs-426x288/solar-power.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.businessandleadership.com/sustainability/item/25928-solar-wind-energy-is-more-t&usg=__dVeXJ5RAm_EJjfcMLcI0QPt3n_I=&h=288&w=388&sz=15&hl=en&start=124&zoom=1&tbnid=RHCYTvr2_QbazM:&tbnh=146&tbnw=250&ei=osmgTbCPA6aY0QG_zqCIBQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dsolar%2Bwind%2Bhitting%2Bsail%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26biw%3D1440%26bih%3D799%26tbm%3Disch0%2C3518&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=940&vpy=450&dur=389&hovh=188&hovw=254&tx=203&ty=84&oei=n8igTcGyKara0QHopL3kCw&page=6&ndsp=26&ved=1t:429,r:24,s:124&biw=1440&bih=799

Solar Sail at Bow

Shock can provide surplus energy

http://son.nasa.gov/tass/content/solarwind.htm

History

1971 – Pneuman and Knopp’s numerical Simulations

1958 – Eugene Parker coins the term “solar wind”

1990 – Ulysses Probe studies high solar latitude winds

1859 – Richard C. Carrington suggests stream of particles

1959 – Soviets launch Luna 1 Satellite mission

(Sourced From: Wikipedia and NASA)

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://twi-ny.com/cosmiccollisions.jpg&imgrefurl=http://twi-ny.com/twiny.06.07.06.html&usg=__Ho_uwaIfIBX0b-shTFzsSA6hB3A=&h=346&w=432&sz=33&hl=en&start=54&zoom=1&tbnid=aEYNOBL-4teUVM:&tbnh=145&tbnw=181&ei=43isTaq2O-3XiALb1MjvDA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dhistory%2Bof%2Bsolar%2Bwind%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26biw%3D1440%26bih%3D799%26tbm%3Disch0%2C1661&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=338&vpy=279&dur=298&hovh=201&hovw=251&tx=104&ty=73&oei=2XisTZ_lHsjn0QHvtdT5CA&page=3&ndsp=28&ved=1t:429,r:22,s:54&biw=1440&bih=799

2010 – Japan launches IKAROS using solar sail propulsion

1994 and 1995 – Ulysses passes the Sun’s poles

1962 – Mariner 2 detects slow and fast winds

Presently

1916 – Kristian Birkeland predicts negative and positive rays

2011 – NASA’s NanoSail-D unit deployed from FASTSAT and plans to launch LightSail-1

Solar Wind Power ProjectThe Dyson-Harrop Satellite

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_VyTCyizqrHs/TJzaH9ryrRI/AAAAAAAAJQ0/W7q8F7CY2BY/s1600/dysonharrop1.JPG&imgrefurl=http://nextbigfuture.com/2010/09/solar-wind-power-swp-satellites-could.html&usg=__zvyZaZAJqCLVVkmvuK_EfSr-NC0=&h=194&w=420&sz=10&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=_3sFHN8p2Vf9GM:&tbnh=91&tbnw=198&ei=cL6sTZF3gtXRAe-myJUL&prev=/search%3Fq%3Ddyson%2Bharrop%2Bsatellite%2Bdesign%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26biw%3D1440%26bih%3D799%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=1076&vpy=131&dur=418&hovh=144&hovw=314&tx=208&ty=98&oei=cL6sTZF3gtXRAe-myJUL&page=1&ndsp=24&ved=1t:429,r:5,s:0

From Freeman Dyson and Brooks HarropPrice: Less than that of a solar power project

Planning: Designed by scientists from Washington State University, NASA, DOE, NSSO.

Potential Funding: Government (DOE) grants/loans, Sharp (as in Japan), General Electric, and other smaller/private companies such as Pacific Gas &

Electric. Where: Higher latitude Sun-Synchronous orbit (with the Earth)

Potential Power: Depending on size,100 billion times more than Earth’s current usage.

http://a-el.blogspot.com/2011/01/solar-wind-energy-can-provide-100.html

(Discovery News, New Scientist)

Cons and Challenges FacedDevelopmental/Operational Challenges:- Cost (expensive, far from commercial usage) •reusable spacecraft to transport materials •moon launches may prove cheaper •currently, wind is cheaper than solar- Energy Transmission (Beam, wave, wire) •Microwave or laser for solar/ infrared laser for wind •Microwave beams could have a maximum 23 MW/cm², but U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) limits the amount to 10 MW/cm²- Technological Needs (Prototypes and research) •better robotics equipment, solar cell efficiency, etc. - Vulnerable to Other Threats/Dangers •solar storms, micrometeoroid impacts, rapid radiation/meltdowns- Location •distance causes construction difficulties

Arguments and Concerns: Debate

- Effects on the Atmosphere (exhaust released)

- Effects on Wildlife and Environment

- Human Exposure (Coating aircraft, preventing contact with beams)

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.thinkgeek.com/images/products/additional/large/b847_blue_violet_laser_pointer_beam.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.thinkgeek.com/clearance/on-sale/b847/images/&usg=__DiEhWDaSv6Ggy4IMVz5b9zLvpyo=&h=342&w=400&sz=8&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=72Qx6BKRll9bQM:&tbnh=165&tbnw=176&ei=T7isTbLLLqru0gHv4JWLCw&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dlaser%2Bbeams%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26biw%3D1440%26bih%3D799%26tbm%3Disch0%2C16&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=896&vpy=282&dur=816&hovh=208&hovw=243&tx=119&ty=69&oei=T7isTbLLLqru0gHv4JWLCw&page=1&ndsp=25&ved=1t:429,r:10,s:0&biw=1440&bih=799

(National Space Society, Wikipedia, Space News)

Space Power Pros and Potential

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://youronlineprivacy.googlepages.com/USA_Night.jpg&imgrefurl=http://youronlineprivacy.blogspot.com/&usg=__yi7Qs0adMG4KZML3gbF60rI2CGI=&h=326&w=535&sz=49&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=cP5XH28CC6lCSM:&tbnh=117&tbnw=192&ei=g_SgTavwEOSV0QG0r-CHBQ&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dworld%2Blit%2Bup%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26biw%3D752%26bih%3D670%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=737&vpy=106&dur=1012&hovh=175&hovw=288&tx=111&ty=91&oei=hPSgTfHMAcPB0QHwp82HBQ&page=1&ndsp=26&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:0

- National security- Unlimited, surplus energy supply •5 times stronger than on Earth- 24/7 sunlight and wind •equinox exceptions- No air, clouds, atmospheric dust, wind, weather. - No biological/terrestrial threats •plant growth, wildlife damages, corrosion, contamination- Little to no greenhouse gases, carbon emissions, or hazardous waste- Job creation and economic stimulation- No storage facilities needed- No dependence on fresh water, farm land, or unsafe mining/drilling (minimum terrestrial impact/space effective)- Distributive Transmission •military bases in desolate and poor regions- Non-ionizing transmission- Provide basis for development in batteries, fuel cells, and super capacitors

(National Space Society, Open Energy Information)

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.maozisrael.org/images/content/pagebuilder/27671.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.maozisrael.org/site/News2%3Fabbr%3Dmaoz_%26page%3DNewsArticle%26id%3D7869&usg=__9NUHt8PdnWLavjhHK1OXRvrnYz4=&h=405&w=500&sz=167&hl=en&start=86&zoom=1&tbnid=EEnxalhkhLQ88M:&tbnh=148&tbnw=183&ei=Voq_TcC4FsbngQePko3WBQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dpicture%2Bof%2Bamerica%2Bform%2Bspace%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26biw%3D1440%26bih%3D799%26tbm%3Disch0%2C2038&um=1&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=393&page=4&ndsp=29&ved=1t:429,r:19,s:86&tx=65&ty=78&biw=1440&bih=799

What Lies Ahead?

“To infinity and beyond…”

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.toystorywallpapers.com/wp-content/uploads/wallpapers/buzz_lightyear_flying_in_space_wallpaper_-_1440x900.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.toystorywallpapers.com/buzz-lightyear-flying-in-space-wallpaper-1440x900&usg=__CLjcRAEjczgvTs1ZShZ7zzn7QG0=&h=900&w=1440&sz=131&hl=en&start=142&zoom=1&tbnid=0pN6umfj0_IdOM:&tbnh=141&tbnw=203&ei=9bOiTdbEN8ma0QGQpZmSBQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dbuzz%2Blightyear%2Bin%2Bspace%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26biw%3D1440%26bih%3D799%26tbm%3Disch0%2C3346&um=1&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=418&oei=8bOiTbGEH8680QGJpfiPBQ&page=6&ndsp=25&ved=1t:429,r:20,s:142&tx=111&ty=60&biw=1440&bih=799

The question is not if, it’s when.

A Call-to-Action and Overall Opinion

Questions

?

“Space solar power can completely solve our energy problems long term. The sooner we start and the harder we work, the shorter ‘long term’

will be.”

(The National Space Society)