Access Programming

8/18/2019 Access Programming

1/142COPYRIGHT © INFOTECH 1999

INFOTECH TRAINING CENTRE 229066 , 214824 , 246006 1

INFOTECHTRAINING CENTRE

MS-ACCESS

PROGRAMMING




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e!aring 3aria-e*######################################################################################################################################### ##:8A**igning an( Retrie



INFOTECH TRAINING CENTRE 229066 , 214824 , 246006 $

Creating an Application

Ater ;"% -e!"'e a'iiar &it/ t/e i!r"*"t A!!e** intera!e an( earn /"& t" !reate ta-e*, >%erie*, "r'*, an(rep"rt*, ;"% !an 'ae ;"%r (ata-a*e ea*ier t" %*e -; t;ing t/e*e "-=e!t* t"get/er in an appi!ati"n# T/i* !/apter

epain* &/at a i!r"*"t A!!e** appi!ati"n i* an( pre*ent* an "%erie*, 'a!r"*, an('"(%e*# Y"% -%i( t/e "r'* an( "t/er "-=e!t* in t/eir re*pe!ti




it/ i!r"*"t A!!e**, t/e "-=e!t* 'anage t/e'*e



INFOTECH TRAINING CENTRE 229066 , 214824 , 246006 :

Designing a Startup Form

One ee!ti%er;# T/en ;"% !anatta!/ t/e 'a!r" t" a 'en% !"''an( "r a !"''an( -%tt"n, "r *pe!i; it a* t/e e




Tip /en ;"% na'e t/e ta-e*, ie(*, an( "t/er "-=e!t* in ;"%r (ata-a*e, eep in 'in( t/at ;"%@ %*e t/e*ena'e* t" reer t" t/e "-=e!t* e*e&/ere in ;"%r appi!ati"n# At/"%g/ (e*!ripti



INFOTECH TRAINING CENTRE 229066 , 214824 , 246006

&it/in ;"%r appi!ati"n t" (" *i'iar ta** "n (ierent "r'* in *i'iar &a;*# Here are *"'e !"''"n na




"n; !"''an(*# In t/i* re*pe!t, !"''an( -ar* !an -e t"" ei-e# A




T" !reate an e'pt; !"''an( -ar an( *et it* pr"pertie*

1 On t/e 3ie& 'en%, p"int t" T""-ar*, an( t/en !i! C%*t"'i?e#

2 On t/e T""-ar* ta-, !i! Ne

$ In t/e T""-ar Na'e -", t;pe a na'e "r t/e ne& !"''an( -ar, an( t/en !i! O#

i!r"*"t A!!e** !reate* an e'pt;, "ating !"''an( -ar, &/i!/ ;"% !an *pe!i; t" -e a t""-ar, 'en% -ar, "r*/"rt!%t 'en%#

4 In t/e C%*t"'i?e (ia"g -", !i! Pr"pertie* t" (i*pa; t/e T""-ar Pr"pertie* (ia"g -"#

: In t/e T;pe -", !i! t/e in( " !"''an( -ar ;"% &ant t" !reate+

T" !reate a 'en% -ar, !i! en% )ar#

T" !reate a t""-ar, !i! T""-ar#

T" !reate a */"rt!%t 'en%, !i! P"p%p#

N"te T/e P"p%p *etting " t/e T;pe pr"pert; i* %*e( "r a */"rt!%t 'en% -e!a%*e in t/e !"''an( -ar "-=e!t'"(e, 'en%* B"n -"t/ 'en% -ar* an( t""-ar*, *%-'en%*, an( */"rt!%t 'en%* are a " t/i* t;pe# H"&e




1 I t/e C%*t"'i?e (ia"g -" i*n@t "pen, p"int t" T""-ar* "n t/e 3ie& 'en%, an( t/en !i! C%*t"'i?e#

2 I t/e 'en% -ar, t""-ar, "r */"rt!%t 'en% ;"% &ant t" &"r &it/ i*n@t (i*pa;e(, "pen it#

N"te T" (i*pa; a !%*t"' */"rt!%t 'en%, *ee!t t/e ./"rt!%t en% !/e! -" in t/e T""-ar* i*t " t/e

C%*t"'i?e (ia"g -"# On t/e ./"rt!%t en% t""-ar, !i! C%*t"' an( t/en !i! t/e na'e " ;"%r !%*t"'*/"rt!%t 'en%#

$ In t/e C%*t"'i?e (ia"g -", !i! t/e C"''an(* ta-#

4 In t/e Categ"rie* -", !i! Ne& en%#

Ne& en% appear* in t/e C"''an(* -"#

: rag Ne& en% r"' t/e C"''an(* -" t" ;"%r 'en% -ar "r t""-ar+

T" !reate a t"p7e




: rag t/e 'en%, 'en% !"''an(, -%tt"n, "r "t/er !"ntr" ;"% &ant r"' t/e C"''an(* -" t" t/e appr"priate"!ati"n "n ;"%r !"''an( -ar#

T" a(( t/e !"''an( "r !"ntr" t" a 'en% "r *%-'en%, (rag it an( /"( t/e '"%*e "




(ieren!e*# it/ a it* i'pr"%ire pr"gra''ing in "t/er (ata-a*e *;*te'*# .", &/en (" ;"% t%rn t" 3i*%a )a*i! It (epen(* "n &/at ;"% &ant t"("#

/; *e 3i*%a )a*i!

Y"%@ &ant t" %*e 3i*%a )a*i! in*tea( " 'a!r"* i ;"% &ant t" (" an; " t/e ""&ing+

ae ;"%r appi!ati"n ea*ier t" 'aintain )e!a%*e 'a!r"* are *eparate "-=e!t* r"' t/e "r'* an( rep"rt* t/at%*e t/e', an appi!ati"n !"ntaining a arge n%'-er " 'a!r"* t/at re*p"n( t" e%ire *"'e 3i*%a )a*i! !"(e "r /an(ing err"r*#

Create "r 'anip%ate "-=e!t* In '"*t !a*e*, ;"%@ in( t/at it@* ea*ie*t t" !reate an( '"(i; an "-=e!t in t/at"-=e!t@* e*ign



INFOTECH TRAINING CENTRE 229066 , 214824 , 246006 1$

A!!e** !an a%t"'ati!a; !"n




Y"% &rite 3i*%a )a*i! !"(e in %nit* !ae( pr"!e(%re*# A pr"!e(%re !"ntain* a *erie* " 3i*%a )a*i! *tate'ent*t/at per"r' an "perati"n "r !a!%ate a



INFOTECH TRAINING CENTRE 229066 , 214824 , 246006 1:

1 Ci! t/e F"r' 3ie& -%tt"n "n t/e t""-ar t" *&it!/ t" F"r'




4 In t/e C%*t"'i?e (ia"g -", !i! t/e C"''an(* ta-#

: In t/e Categ"rie* -", !i! Fie an( t/en (rag t/e C%*t"' !"''an( r"' t/e C"''an(* -" t" ;"%r!"''an( -ar#

6 Rig/t7!i! t/e ne& !"''an( "n ;"%r 'en% "r t""-ar, an( t/en !i! Pr"pertie*#

i!r"*"t A!!e** (i*pa;* t/e C"ntr" Pr"pertie* (ia"g -"#

In t/e Capti"n -", (eete t/e !%rrent na'e, an( t;pe t/e ne& na'e "r ;"%r !"''an(#

Tip Y"% !an !reate an a!!e** e; "r ;"%r !"''an( *" t/at %*er* !an a!!e** it &it/ t/e e;-"ar(# T" (" *", t;pean a'per*an( BK in r"nt " t/e etter ;"% &ant t" %*e# F"r ea'pe, t" %*e I a* t/e a!!e** e; "r a Print In




2 I t/e 'en% -ar, t""-ar, "r */"rt!%t 'en% t/at !"ntain* t/e !"ntr" ;"% &ant t" &"r &it/ i*n@t (i*pa;e(, "penit#

Rig/t7!i! t/e !"ntr" t/at /a* t/e i'age ;"% &ant t" %*e, an( t/en !i! C"p; )%tt"n I'age# Rig/t7!i! t/e!"ntr" &/"*e i'age ;"% are !%*t"'i?ing, an( t/en !i! Pa*te )%tt"n I'age#

C"p; an( pa*te an i'age r"' a grap/i!* pr"gra'Open t/e i'age ;"% &ant t" !"p; in a grap/i!* pr"gra'# .ee!t an( !"p; t/e i'age Bpreera-; a 16 16 piei'age "r p"rti"n# .&it!/ -a! t" i!r"*"t A!!e**# Rig/t7!i! t/e !"ntr", an( t/en !i! Pa*te )%tt"n I'age#E(it t/e !"ntr"@* !%rrent -%tt"n i'ageRig/t7!i! t/e !"ntr", an( t/en !i! E(it )%tt"n I'age# In t/e )%tt"n E(it"r (ia"g -", ;"% !an !/ange t/e!""r an( */ape " t/e i'age, a(=%*t t/e i'age@* p"*iti"n "n t/e !"ntr", an( pre




T/e /ep ie t/at !"ntain* t/e /at@* T/i* Tip t"pi! *pe!iie( -; t/e Hep C"ntetI pr"pert;#

Hep C"ntetIT/e !"ntet I " t/e t"pi! t" (i*pa; a* a /at@* T/i* Tip "r t/i* !"''an(#

Para'eter An "pti"na *tring a**"!iate( &it/ t/e !"ntr" t/at ;"%r appi!ati"n !an reeren!e "r *et# F"r ea'pe, t/e 3i*%a)a*i! F%n!ti"n pr"!e(%re *pe!iie( in t/e On A!ti"n pr"pert; !an reer t" t/e Para'eter pr"pert; t" (eter'ine/"& it &"r*, "r t/e Para'eter pr"pert; !an -e %*e( t" *t"re in"r'ati"n a-"%t t/e !"ntr", '%!/ ie t/e Tag

pr"pert;# T/e Para'eter pr"pert; i*n@t genera; %*e( -; -%it7in 'en% an( t""-ar !"ntr"*# H"&e




2 Open t/e "r' "r rep"rt in e*ign




.tep One+ Create t/e !%*t"' t""-ar Create a !%*t"' t""-ar "r t/e Or(er* "r' t/at in!%(e* a -%tt"n t/at r%n*t/e PrintIn




@ .et pr"pertie* " t/e ne& !"''an(# it/ !t #)eginGr"%p Tr%e

#Capti"n PriKnt In




enter a 'et/"( "r pr"pert;, i!r"*"t A!!e** a%t"'ati!a; (i*pa;* a i*t " t/e 'et/"(* an( pr"pertie* t/atapp; t" t/e "-=e!t# BY"% %*e 'et/"(* t" per"r' "perati"n* "n an "-=e!t# Y"% %*e pr"pertie* t" (eter'ine "r!/ange !/ara!teri*ti!* " an "-=e!t#

T" !"'pete t/e *tate'ent ;"%@re t;ping, ;"% !an eit/er !i! an ite' in t/e i*t "r !"ntin%e t;ping ;"%r !"(e# I

;"% !"ntin%e t;ping !"(e, t/e i*t (i*pa;* t/e !"*e*t 'at!/ t" &/at ;"%@




Na%are in t/e et 'argin " t/e "(%e &in("& in(i!ate* t/at ;"%r -""'ar i* *et#

T" ret%rn t" -""'ar* in a '"(%e, p"int t" )""'ar* "n t/e E(it 'en%, an( t/en !i! Net )""'ar "rPre




T/i* *e!ti"n */"&* ;"% /"& t" !reate a *i'pe %n!ti"n t/at !a!%ate* t/e (ate " t/e ir*t (a; " t/e net '"nt/#Y"%@ %*e t/i* %n!ti"n t" *et t/e




)e"re ;"% !an r%n a pr"!e(%re ;"%@




$ .et it* C"ntr"."%r!e pr"pert; t" t/e ""&ing epre**i"n+

Fir*tONet"nt/B

N"&, &/en an "r(er taer -egin* t" enter a ne& "r(er, t/e )iingate tet -" a%t"'ati!a; (i*pa;* t/e ir*t(a; " t/e '"nt/ t/at ""&* t/e !%rrent '"nt/ "n t/e !"'p%ter@* *;*te' !"!#

N"te /en ;"% %*e a %n!ti"n in t/e pr"pert; */eet, ;"% nee( t" in!%(e t/e parent/e*e* ater t/e %n!ti"n na'e#I t/e %n!ti"n /a* re>%ire( arg%'ent*, ;"% '%*t in!%(e t/e' in*i(e t/e parent/e*e*# F"r '"re in"r'ati"n, *eet/e ""&ing *e!ti"n, .%pp;ing Arg%'ent* t" Y"%r F%n!ti"n#

.%pp;ing Arg%'ent* t" Y"%r F%n!ti"n

F%n!ti"n* "ten tae "ne "r '"re arg%'ent*




In a *i'pe appi!ati"n, ;"% 'a; nee( t" %*e 3i*%a )a*i! "n; t" !reate e




T/e*e are .%- pr"!e(%re* t/at app; t" a *pe!ii! "-=e!tD t/e; r%n in re*p"n*e t" a %*er "r *;*te' e




.%- pr"!e(%re* per"r' "perati"n*, -%t t/e; ("n@t ret%rn a



INFOTECH TRAINING CENTRE 229066 , 214824 , 246006 $0

%ti)eep int)eep*+$

/en ;"% pa** '%tipe arg%'ent* -; na'e, ;"% !an in!%(e t/e' in an; "r(er ;"% &ant# F"r '"re in"r'ati"n"n pa**ing arg%'ent* -; na'e, *ear!/ t/e Hep in(e "r na'e( arg%'ent*#

F%n!ti"n Pr"!e(%re*

T/e *;nta "r a F%n!ti"n pr"!e(%re i*+

Pri




In t/e ""&ing ea'pe, i a




)e!a%*e "r' an( rep"rt '"(%e* are a*" !a** '"(%e*, ;"% !a a pr"!e(%re in a "r' "r rep"rt '"(%e in t/e*a'e &a;# T" !a a pr"!e(%re in a "r' "r rep"rt '"(%e, *pe!i; t/e na'e " t/e "r' "r rep"rt '"(%e a"ng&it/ t/e pr"!e(%re na'e# T/e na'e " t/e "r' "r rep"rt '"(%e in!%(e* t/e >%aii!ati"n F"r'J "r Rep"rtJ""&e( -; t/e na'e " t/e "r' "r rep"rt# F"r ea'pe, t" r%n a .%- pr"!e(%re !ae( i*pa;Re!"r(* t/at@*

*t"re( &it/ t/e Or(er* "r', %*e t/e ""&ing !"(e+

F"r'JOr(er*#i*pa;Re!"r(*

Aternati



INFOTECH TRAINING CENTRE 229066 , 214824 , 246006 $$

)egin &it/ a etter#

C"ntain "n; etter*, n%'-er*, an( t/e %n(er*!"re !/ara!ter BJD p%n!t%ati"n !/ara!ter* an( *pa!e* aren@t a"&e(#

)e n" "nger t/an 2:: !/ara!ter*#

C"ntain n" e;&"r(*#

A e;&"r( i* a &"r( t/at 3i*%a )a*i! %*e* a* part " it* ang%age# T/i* in!%(e* pre(eine( *tate'ent* B*%!/ a* I an( 5""p, %n!ti"n* B*%!/ a* 5en an( A-*, 'et/"(* B*%!/ a* C"*e an( Fin(Fir*t, an( "perat"r* B*%!/ a* Or an("(#

C"ntr"ing Ee!%ti"n

3i*%a )a*i! /a* *e%i




T/e ir*t arg%'ent, a!F"r', i* a i!r"*"t A!!e** intrin*i! !"n*tant *pe!i;ing t/at t/e "-=e!t t" -e !"*e( i* a"r'# i!r"*"t A!!e** a%t"'ati!a; (e!are* a n%'-er " intrin*i! !"n*tant* t/at ;"% !an %*e t" repre*ent a



INFOTECH TRAINING CENTRE 229066 , 214824 , 246006 $:

pr"!e(%re# F"r ea'pe, ;"% !an %*e t/e C"''an( )%tt"n i?ar( t" !reate a -%tt"n t/at "pen* a "r', an( t/en;"% !an e(it t/e e




H"&e




F"r ea'pe, ater a %*er *ee!t* a !%*t"'er "r an "r(er, ;"% 'a; &ant t" i in t/e !"ntr"* t/at !"ntain t/e*/ipping a((re** &it/ t/e !%*t"'er@* a((re**# Y"% (" t/i* -; a**igning




/en ;"% %*e t/e Parent pr"pert; t" reer t" t/e 'ain "r' r"' an e




/en ;"% %*e t/i* te!/ni>%e, i!r"*"t A!!e** *%*pen(* ee!%ti"n " t/e !"(e "r 'a!r" %nti t/e (ia"g -""r' i* /i((en "r !"*e(#

Tip I ;"% *i'p; &ant t" (i*pa; a */"rt 'e**age t" t/e %*er "r pr"'pt t/e %*er "r */"rt tet inp%t, t/e ea*ie*tappr"a!/ i* t" %*e a 'e**age -" "r inp%t -" in*tea( " a p"p7%p "r'# F"r '"re in"r'ati"n "n (i*pa;ing a

'e**age in a 'e**age -", *ee *ing a e**age )" t" i*pa; a e**age ater in t/i* !/apter# F"r '"rein"r'ati"n "n (i*pa;ing an inp%t -" t" pr"'pt t/e %*er "r tet inp%t, *ear!/ t/e Hep in(e "r Inp%t)"%n!ti"n#

Creating a P"p7%p F"r' t" i*pa; etai* A-"%t an Ite' in a .%-"r'

T/e Or(er* "r' in t/e Or(er* *a'pe appi!ati"n in!%(e* a !"''an( -%tt"n na'e( etai* t/at "pen* a "r'*/"&ing (etai* a-"%t t/e !%rrent pr"(%!t in t/e *%-"r'#

)e!a%*e ;"% &ant %*er* t" -e a-e t" !"ntin%e iing "%t an "r(er &/ie an*&ering !%*t"'er*@ >%e*ti"n* a-"%t t/e pr"(%!t, ;"% nee( t/e "r' "pene( -; t/e etai* -%tt"n t" *ta; "n t"p " t/e Or(er* "r'#

.tep One+ Create t/e p"p7%p "r' *e t/e F"r' i?ar( t" !reate t/e p"p7%p "r', *pe!i;ing t/e pr"(%!t,

*%ppier, an( !ateg"r; in"r'ati"n ;"% &ant t" (i*pa;# Na'e t/e "r' Pr"(%!t*P"p%p#

.tep T&"+ .et t/e "r'@* pr"pertie* Open t/e "r' in e*ign




N"rt/&in( *ae* repre*entati%ent; print an in%er; t/at (i*pa;* t/e appr"priate r"&*# Create a >%er; !ae( Or(er5i*t t/at in!%(e* t/ree ie(*r"' t/e C%*t"'er* an( Or(er* ta-e*, a* */"&n in t/e ""&ing i%*trati"n#

.tep T&"+ Create t/e (ia"g -" an( t/e i*t -" Create a -an "r' an( a(( an %n-"%n( i*t -" t" it %*ing t/e5i*t )" i?ar(# .pe!i; t/e Or(er5i*t >%er; a* t/e r"& *"%r!e "r t/e i*t -", an( in!%(e a t/ree ie(* a*!"%'n* in t/e i*t -"# .ee!t Or(erI a* t/e i*t -"@* -"%n( !"%'n# A(=%*t t/e !"%'n &i(t/* *" t/e (ata in at/ree !"%'n* i*




.tep Fi




*g)" T/e "r(er i* *a




App; FiterM."rt

Re'"




I ;"% &ant t" (i*pa; a 'e**age "r tae "t/er a!ti"n &/en a %*er appie* "r !/ange* a iter, &rite an e




Pri




Or(erI F"r'*QPrintIn%er;, *"'eti'e* !ae( a iter >%er;, !an reer t" t/e !"ntr"* "n ;"%r (ia"g -" t" get it* !riteria#

*ing t/i* appr"a!/, ;"% iter t/e re!"r(* in a "r' "r rep"rt -; *etting t/e iterna'e arg%'ent " t/e OpenF"r'"r OpenRep"rt 'et/"( "r a!ti"n t" t/e na'e " t/e iter >%er; ;"% !reate# T/e iter >%er; '%*t in!%(e a t/eta-e* in t/e re!"r( *"%r!e " t/e "r' "r rep"rt ;"%@re "pening# A((iti"na;, t/e iter >%er; '%*t eit/er in!%(ea t/e ie(* in t/e "r' "r rep"rt ;"%@re "pening, "r ;"% '%*t *et it* O%tp%tAFie(* pr"pert; t" Ye*#

F"r ea'pe, t" !reate a iter >%er; "r t/e In%er; a* "ng a* ;"% in!%(e a t/e ta-e* t/at !"ntain ie(* "n t/e rep"rt#

Ater ;"% !reate an( *a%er; ;"%@ %*e a* a iter, *et t/e iterna'e arg%'ent " t/e OpenRep"rt 'et/"( "r a!ti"n t" t/e na'e " t/e iter >%er;# T/e iterna'e arg%'ent appie* t/e *pe!iie( iter >%er; ea!/ ti'e t/eOpenRep"rt 'et/"( "r a!ti"n r%n*#

*ing a >%er; a* a iter t" *et t/e !riteria /a* a(%er; in*tea( " t/r"%g/t/e arg%'ent* " t/e OpenF"r' "r OpenRep"rt 'et/"( "r a!ti"n# F"r ea'pe, in*tea( " reerring t" t/e !"ntr""n t/e PrintIn




Ater a "r' "r rep"rt i* "pen, ;"% !an !/ange t/e iter "r *"rt "r(er in re*p"n*e t" %*er*@ a!ti"n* -; *etting "r'an( rep"rt pr"pertie* in 3i*%a )a*i! !"(e "r in 'a!r"*# F"r ea'pe, ;"% 'a; &ant t" pr"




En( I # # #En( .%-

Ea!/ ti'e a %*er !/ange* re!"r(* in t/e *%-"r', t/e pr"!e(%re re*et* t/e Fiter pr"pert; " t/e p"p7%p "r',!a%*ing it t" (i*pa; t/e !"rre*p"n(ing re!"r(#

0opulating Controls on a Form

Y"% !an p"p%ate Bi in an( %p(ate t/e




.tep T&"+ A**ign a !"ntr" a



INFOTECH TRAINING CENTRE 229066 , 214824 , 246006 :0

t/e Or(er* ta-e, i!r"*"t A!!e** %*e* A%t"5""%p t" a%t"'ati!a; "" %p t/e in"r'ati"n in t/e C%*t"'er*ta-e an( (i*pa; it in t/e tet -"e*# I %*er* !/ange t/e (ata in t/e !%*t"'er ie(*, t/eir !/ange* are *a%er; t/at in!%(e* a t/e ie(* r"' t/e Or(er* an(C%*t"'er* ta-e*# T/en, !reate a "r' -a*e( "n t/e >%er; an( a(( t/e ie(* r"' -"t/ ta-e*#

A((iti"na;, ;"% !an %*e A%t"5""%p e




.et (-* C%rrent- .et r*t (-*#OpenRe!"r(*etB./ipper* r*t#A((Ne& r*tC"'pan;Na'e Ne&ata r*t#p(ate

Re*p"n*e a!ataErrA((e( @ Re>%er; t/e !"'-" -" i*t# E*e Re*p"n*e a!ataErri*pa; @ Re>%ire t/e %*er t" *ee!t

@ an ei*ting */ipper# En( I r*t#C"*eEn( .%-

A((ing a R"& t" t/e C"'-" )"@* 5i*t "n t/e Or(er* F"r'

/en taing a ne& "r(er in t/e Or(er* *a'pe appi!ati"n, a %*er, t;pi!a; a *ae* repre*entati




C%*t"'erI#.etF"!%* @ Ena-e t/e "t/er !%*t"'er in"r'ati"n !"ntr"*# A((re**#Ena-e( Tr%e Cit;#Ena-e( Tr%e Regi"n#Ena-e( Tr%e

Cit;#Ena-e( Tr%e P"*taC"(e#Ena-e( Tr%e C"%ntr;#Ena-e( Tr%e C"nta!tNa'e#Ena-e( Tr%e C"nta!tTite#Ena-e( Tr%e P/"ne#Ena-e( Tr%e Fa#Ena-e( Tr%e *g)" Enter t/e ne& !%*t"'er@* I, a((re**, an( !"nta!t in"r'ati"n# @ C"ntin%e &it/"%t (i*pa;ing (ea%t err"r 'e**age# Re*p"n*e a!ataErrC"ntin%e E*e @ i*pa; t/e (ea%t err"r 'e**age# Re*p"n*e a!ataErri*pa;

En( I E*e @ *er /a* area(; pi!e( a !%*t"'erD (i*pa; a 'e**age an( %n(" t/e ie(# *tr*g T" '"(i; t/i* !%*t"'er@* !"'pan; na'e, e(it t/e na'e in t/e *tr*g *tr*g K -" -e"& t/e )i T" !"'-" -"# T" a(( a ne& !%*t"'er, *tr*g *tr*g K !i! n(" Re!"r( "n t/e Re!"r(* 'en% an( t/en t;pe t/e *tr*g *tr*g K ne& !"'pan; na'e in t/e )i T" !"'-" -"# *g)" *tr*g )iT"#n(" @ C"ntin%e &it/"%t (i*pa;ing (ea%t err"r 'e**age# Re*p"n*e a!ataErrC"ntin%e En( I En( .%-

In t/i* !"(e, ;"% %*e t/e *g)" %n!ti"n t" a* i t/e %*er &ant* t" a(( a ne& !%*t"'er# I t/e %*er !/""*e* Ye*,t/e e



INFOTECH TRAINING CENTRE 229066 , 214824 , 246006 :$

Pri%er;En( .%-

Tip I ;"%r !"'-" -" i*t in!%(e* a arge n%'-er " r"&*, re>%er;ing t/e i*t e




Rig/t7!i! t/e ta-, an( t/en !i! In*ert Page, eete Page, "r Page Or(er "n t/e */"rt!%t 'en%#

Y"% !an a*" in*ert a page -; !"p;ing an( pa*ting an ei*ting page# T/i* !"pie* t/e entire page, in!%(ing t/e!"ntr"* "n it# Y"% !an a*" (eete a page -; !i!ing t/e page, an( t/en pre**ing E5ETE#

C/ange t/e ta- "r(er " !"ntr"* "n a page

Rig/t7!i! t/e page an( !i! Ta- Or(er "n t/e */"rt!%t 'en%#

C/ange t/e "nt na'e, "nt *i?e, "r "nt *t;e B&eig/t, itai!, an(M"r %n(erine " a page*

Rig/t7!i! t/e -"r(er " t/e ta- !"ntr", !i! Pr"pertie* "n t/e */"rt!%t 'en%, an( t/en *et t/e appr"priate pr"pertie*# T/e pr"pert; *etting* ;"% *ee!t app; t" t/e "nt* "n a page* " t/e ta- !"ntr"#

N"te T/e "nt !""r i* (eter'ine( -; t/e C""r *etting "r $ O-=e!t* *pe!iie( "n t/e Appearan!e ta- " t/ei*pa; Pr"pertie* (ia"g -", &/i!/ i* a



INFOTECH TRAINING CENTRE 229066 , 214824 , 246006 ::

.pe!iie* t/e &i(t/ " ta-* in in!/e*# /en *et t" 0, ea!/ ta- i* &i(e en"%g/ t" it it* !"ntent* an(, i t/ere i* '"ret/an "ne r"& " ta-*, t/e &i(t/ " ea!/ ta- i* in!rea*e( *" t/at ea!/ r"& " ta-* *pan* t/e &i(t/ " t/e ta- !"ntr"#I t/e *etting i* greater t/an 0, a ta-* /a




Page1#Capti"n Fir*t Page

N"te I a %*er "r !"(e !/ange* a page@* PageIn(e pr"pert;, t/e reeren!e t" t/e page@* in(e an( t/e page@* p"*iti"n in t/e page "r(er !/ange# In t/i* !a*e, i ;"% &ant t" 'aintain an a-*"%te reeren!e t" a page, reer t" t/e

page@* Na'e pr"pert;#

T/e Page* !"e!ti"n /a* "ne pr"pert;, C"%nt, t/at ret%rn* t/e n%'-er " page* in a ta- !"ntr"# N"te t/at t/i* pr"pert; i* n"t a pr"pert; " t/e ta- !"ntr" it*e, -%t " it* Page* !"e!ti"n, *" ;"% '%*t epi!it; reer t" t/e!"e!ti"n# F"r ea'pe, t" (eter'ine t/e n%'-er " page* in Ta-C"ntr"1, %*e t/e ""&ing *tate'ent+

Ta-C"ntr"1#Page*#C"%nt

Reerring t" an( C/anging t/e C%rrent Page

A ta- !"ntr"@* (ea%t pr"pert; i* 3a%e, &/i!/ ret%rn* an integer t/at i(entiie* t/e !%rrent page+ 0 "r t/e ir*t page, 1 "r t/e *e!"n( page, an( *" "n# T/e 3a%e pr"pert; i* "n; a




*a'e "r'# Y"% !an reer t" !"ntr"* "n a ta- !"ntr" page -; %*ing t/e *a'e *;nta %*e( "r !"ntr"* "n a "r'&it/"%t a ta- !"ntr"# F"r ea'pe, a %; >%aiie( reeren!e t" t/e H"'eP/"ne tet -" "n t/e Per*"na In" ta-" t/e E'p";ee* "r' in t/e N"rt/&in( *a'pe appi!ati"n &"%( rea( a* ""&*#

F"r'*E'p";ee*H"'eP/"ne

)e!a%*e ea!/ !"ntr" "n a "r' /a* it* "&n C"ntr"* !"e!ti"n, ;"% !an a*" reer t" t/e !"ntr"* "n a ta- !"ntr"a* 'e'-er* " it* C"ntr"* !"e!ti"n# F"r ea'pe, t/e ""&ing !"(e en%'erate* Bi*t* a t/e !"ntr"* "n t/eta- !"ntr" " t/e E'p";ee* "r' in t/e N"rt/&in( *a'pe appi!ati"n# )e!a%*e t/e E'p";eeNa'e tet -" int/e /ea(er *e!ti"n " t/e "r' i* n"t a 'e'-er " t/i* !"e!ti"n, it i*n@t i*te(#

.%- 5i*tTa-C"ntr"C"ntr"*B @ e!are "-=e!t




i' %e &it/in t/e *a'e *!"pe#

Y"% %*e t/e "pti"na A* t;pe !a%*e in t/e i' *tate'ent t" (eine t/e (ata t;pe " t/e r .>rB(-Te'pEn( F%n!ti"n

Here, ;"% /a




T" a




); (ea%t, a '"(%e7e




*g)" F"r'*F"r'1#int @ *g)" */"&* t/e




%*e( -; t/e "!a




Cent%r; 20 En( I En( F%n!ti"n

In t/e *a'e &a; t/at ;"% !an %*e t/e I*N%'eri! %n!ti"n t" (eter'ine i a 3ariant




Y"% !an a**ign a N%




i' int A* Integer, (-A't A* "%-ei' *trNa'e A* .tring, !%r)i*Pai( A* C%rren!;i' %erie*# F"r in"r'ati"n "n t/e*e (ata t;pe*, *ear!/ t/eHep in(e "r AN.I .5 (ata t;pe*#

I a




i' *trAn; A* .tring

Y"% !an t/en a**ign *tring* t" t/i*




@ A(( a !/arge*#" nti r*tC/arge*#EOF !%rA't !%rA't L r*tC/arge*BA'"%nt#3a%e r*tC/arge*#"




e!are t/e arg%'ent -; %*ing t/e );3a e;&"r( t" *pe!i; t/at t/e arg%'ent i* pa**e( -; %ire( (ata t;pe# T/e *i'pe*t &a; t" t%rn a




Creating Your Own Data T&pes

Y"% !an !"'-ine




nge'"r; A* 5"ng *tri*ri




(-*Pa;R"A!!"%nt A* ata-a*eEn( T;pe

Tip )e!a%*e t/e 3ariant (ata t;pe !an *t"re 'an; (ierent t;pe* " (ata, a 3ariant arra; !an -e %*e( in 'an;*it%ati"n* &/ere ;"% 'a; epe!t t" %*e a %*er7(eine( t;pe# A 3ariant arra; i* a!t%a; '"re ei-e t/an a %*er7

(eine( t;pe, -e!a%*e ;"% !an !/ange t/e t;pe " (ata ;"% *t"re in ea!/ ee'ent at an; ti'e, an( ;"% !an 'aet/e arra; (;na'i! *" t/at ;"% !an !/ange it* *i?e a* ne!e**ar;# H"&e




A C"n*t *tate'ent !an repre*ent a 'at/e'ati!a "r (ateMti'e >%antit;# F"r ea'pe+

C"n*t !"nPi $#141:926:$:899P%-i! C"n*t !"naPanet* 9

C"n*t !"nReea*eate 1M1M9:

Y"% !an a*" %*e t/e C"n*t *tate'ent t" (eine *tring !"n*tant*+

P%-i! C"n*t !"n3er*i"n 0#10#AC"n*t !"nC"(eNa'e Enig'a

Y"% !an pa!e '"re t/an "ne !"n*tant (e!arati"n "n a *inge ine, i ;"% *eparate t/e' &it/ !"''a*+

P%-i! C"n*t !"nPi $#14, !"naPanet* 9, !"n"r(P"p 6EL09

T/e epre**i"n "n t/e rig/t *i(e " t/e e>%a *ign B i* "ten a n%'-er "r itera *tring, -%t it !an a*" -e anepre**i"n t/at re*%t* in a n%'-er "r *tring a* "ng a* t/e epre**i"n ("e*n@t !"ntain !a* t" %n!ti"n*# Y"% !an

e




N"te Y"% !an@t (eine a p%-i! !"n*tant in a "r' "r rep"rt '"(%e, "n; in a *tan(ar( '"(%e# Y"% !an,/"&e




A t/e ee'ent* in an arra; /a




%ti(i'en*i"na Arra;*

it/ 3i*%a )a*i!, ;"% !an (e!are arra;* " %p t" 60 (i'en*i"n*# F"r ea'pe, t/e ""&ing *tate'ent (e!are*a t&"7(i'en*i"na 107-;710 arra; &it/in a pr"!e(%re+

.tati! (-atriB9, 9 A* "%-e

Eit/er "r -"t/ (i'en*i"n* !an -e (e!are( &it/ epi!it "&er -"%n(*+

.tati! (-atriB1 T" 10, 1 T" 10 A* "%-e

Y"% !an eten( t/i* t" '"re t/an t&" (i'en*i"n*, a* in t/e ""&ing ea'pe+

i' int%tiB$, 1 T" 10, 1 T" 1: A* Integer

T/i* (e!arati"n !reate* a t/ree7(i'en*i"na 47-;7107-;71: arra;# T/e t"ta n%'-er " ee'ent* i* t/e pr"(%!t "t/e*e t/ree (i'en*i"n*, "r 600#

N"te )e!a%*e t/e t"ta *t"rage nee(e( -; t/e arra; in!rea*e* (ra'ati!a; &/en ;"% *tart a((ing (i'en*i"n* t"it, -e *%re t" %*e '%ti(i'en*i"na arra;* &it/ !are# )e e*pe!ia; !are% &it/ 3ariant arra;*, -e!a%*e 3ariantarra;* are arger t/an arra;* !"ntaining "t/er (ata t;pe*#

*ing 5""p* t" anip%ate Arra;*

5""p* "ten pr"



INFOTECH TRAINING CENTRE 229066 , 214824 , 246006

T" !reate a (;na'i! arra;

1 e!are t/e arra; &it/ a P%-i!, Pri




)%t ;"% !ann"t %*e t/e ""&ing !"(e+

Rei' Pre*er%erie*, "r'*, rep"rt*, an( 'a!r"* &it/"%t&riting an; 3i*%a )a*i! !"(e# I ;"%r nee(* are '"re *"p/i*ti!ate(, /"&e




Organi?ati"n " O-=e!t* an( C"e!ti"n*

Ea!/ appi!ati"n t/at *%ppie* "-=e!t* t" i!r"*"t A!!e** pr"




T/e 3i*%a )a*i! "r Appi!ati"n* "-=e!t i-rar; pr"




%er;e*C%rrent Pr"(%!t 5i*tQ

*e t/e "perat"r t" *eparate t/e na'e " t/e !"e!ti"n r"' t/e na'e " t/e parti!%ar "-=e!t &it/in it# A*", it/e na'e " t/e "-=e!t !"ntain* *pa!e*, ;"% '%*t en!"*e it in -ra!et*# Fina;, eep in 'in( t/at t/e F"r'*!"e!ti"n in!%(e* "n; "r'* t/at are !%rrent; "pen# I t/e E'p";ee* "r' i*n@t "pen &/en ;"% r%n t/e !"(e in

t/e pre!e(ing ea'pe, an err"r "!!%r*# T/e *a'e i* tr%e "r t/e Rep"rt* !"e!ti"n#

In '"*t !a*e*, ;"%@ n"& t/e na'e " t/e "-=e!t t" &/i!/ ;"%@re reerring, an( ;"% */"%( %*e t/i* *;nta#O!!a*i"na;, /"&e




F"r'*E'p";ee*5a*tNa'e

Y"% !an a*" %*e t/e % reeren!e t" t/e !"ntr", a* */"&n in t/e ""&ing ine " !"(e+

F"r'*E'p";ee*#C"ntr"*5a*tNa'e

ata-a*e*

Declaring an" Assigning Obect $ariables

T/e pre!e(ing *e!ti"n* /a




%ai; t/e "-=e!t &it/ t/e na'e " it* !"e!ti"n# I t/at !"e!ti"n -e"ng* t" an"t/er "-=e!t,;"% '%*t >%ai; t/e !"e!ti"n &it/ t/e na'e " t/at "-=e!t, an( *" "n#

/en ;"% !reate an "-=e!t




.et t( (-*#Ta-ee*E'p";ee* @ Print "%t a ie(* in t/e ta-e# F"r Ea!/ ( In t(#Fie(* e-%g#Print (#Na'e Net (

.et (-* N"t/ingEn( .%-

En%'erating t/e O-=e!t* in a C"e!ti"n

T/e pre




AO "-=e!t* an( i!r"*"t A!!e** F"r', Rep"rt, an( C"ntr" "-=e!t* a !"ntain a Pr"pertie* !"e!ti"n# Ea!/Pr"pert; "-=e!t in t/e Pr"pertie* !"e!ti"n !"rre*p"n(* t" a pr"pert; " t/e "-=e!t# Y"% !an %*e an "-=e!t@*Pr"pertie* !"e!ti"n eit/er t" (eter'ine &/i!/ pr"pertie* app; t" a parti!%ar "-=e!t "r t" ret%rn t/eir *etting*#F"r ea'pe, t/e ""&ing pr"!e(%re ""p* t/r"%g/ t/e pr"pertie* t/at app; t" t/e ata-a*e "-=e!t, &/i!/

repre*ent* t/e !%rrent (ata-a*e, an( t" t/e E'p";ee* F"r' "-=e!t# T/e pr"!e(%re (i*pa;* t/e na'e " ea!/ pr"pert; in t/e e-%g &in("

.%- i*pa;Pr"pertie*B @ e!are




!'-#3i*i-e Tr%e .et !'- N"t/ingEn( .%-

N"te In "r(er t" %*e "-=e!t* in t/e i!r"*"t Oi!e 8#0 "-=e!t i-rar; r"' 3i*%a )a*i!, ;"% '%*t ir*t *et a

reeren!e t" t/e "-=e!t i-rar;# /en ;"% *et a reeren!e t" an "-=e!t i-rar;, ;"% n"ti; 3i*%a )a*i! t/at ;"% 'a;&ant t" %*e t/e "-=e!t* in t/at i-rar;# T" *et a reeren!e t" t/e i!r"*"t Oi!e 8#0 "-=e!t i-rar;, "pen a '"(%ean( !i! Reeren!e* "n t/e T""* 'en%# T/en *ee!t t/e i!r"*"t Oi!e 8#0 O-=e!t 5i-rar; !/e! -" in t/eA




O-=#5i*tNa'e*

Y"% !an




)e!a%*e a !"e!ti"n i* a*" an "-=e!t, ea!/ !"e!ti"n in i!r"*"t A!!e** /a* it* "&n pr"pertie* an( 'et/"(*#Y"% !an *et "r rea( t/e pr"pertie* " a !"e!ti"n, "r app; it* 'et/"(*, in t/e *a'e 'anner t/at ;"% &"%( "r an;"-=e!t#

.etting an( Rea(ing Pr"pertie*

3i*%a )a*i! pr"




@ Pa!e t/i* pr"!e(%re in a *tan(ar( '"(%e#.%- C/angeetaiC""rBr' A* F"r' r'#.e!ti"nBa!etai#)a!C""r RG)BRn( W 2:6, Rn( W 2:6, Rn( W 2:6En( .%-

@ Pa!e t/i* pr"!e(%re in t/e "r' '"(%e a**"!iate( &it/ t/e E'p";ee* "r'#Pri




Pri


91/142




Y"% !an *pe!i; a %rt/er re*p"n*e t" an e%i!;# F"r '"rein"r'ati"n, *ee Opti'i?ing F"r' 5"a(ing an( Paging in C/apter 1$, Opti'i?ing Y"%r Appi!ati"n#

T/e 'a!r"* an( 3i*%a )a*i! !"(e t/at i!r"*"t A!!e** r%n* in re*p"n*e t" e




anaging E%en!e+

1# /en t/e "r' "pen*, -%t -e"re t/e ir*t re!"r( i* (i*pa;e(, t/e Open e




I t/ere are n" a!ti%en!e " e




Re*p"n(ing t" e;*tr"e*

/en ;"% pre** a e;, i!r"*"t A!!e** trigger* t/e e;"&n, e;Pre**, an( e;p e




a !/ara!ter in a tet -" -; pre**ing t/e E5ETE e;, i!r"*"t A!!e** trigger* t/e ""&ing *e>%en!e "e%ent (ata 'anip%ati"n* "perate (ire!t; "n -a*e7ta-e (ata# A ta-e7t;peRe!"r(*et !an -e "pene( "n "n; "ne ta-eD it !ann"t -e "pene( "n a %ni"n >%er; "r a *ee!t >%er; &it/ a ="in#

One " t/e -igge*t a(%er; t/at ="in* ta-e*# It@* a!t%a; a *et " reeren!e* t" re!"r(* in "ne "r '"re ta-e*# it/ a (;na*et, ;"% !anetra!t an( %p(ate (ata r"' '"re t/an "ne ta-e, in!%(ing ine( ta-e* r"' "t/er (ata-a*e*# Heter"gene"%*%p(ata-e ="in* are a %ni>%e eat%re " (;na*et* t/e; ena-e ;"% t" %*e %p(ata-e >%erie* again*t ta-e* in

(ierent t;pe* " (ata-a*e*#

One " t/e 'ain -eneit* " t/i* t;pe i* t/at a (;na*et an( it* %n(er;ing ta-e* %p(ate ea!/ "t/er# C/ange* 'a(et" re!"r(* in t/e (;na*et are a*" 'a(e in t/e %n(er;ing ta-e, an( !/ange* 'a(e -; "t/er %*er* t" (ata in t/e%n(er;ing ta-e* &/ie t/e (;na*et i* "pen are ree!te( in t/e (;na*et# T/e (;na*et i* t/e '"*t ei-e an(

p"&er% t;pe " Re!"r(*et "-=e!t, at/"%g/ *ear!/e* an( "t/er 'anip%ati"n* 'a; n"t r%n a* a*t a* &it/ a ta-e7t;pe Re!"r(*et#

A *nap*/"t7t;pe Re!"r(*et "-=e!t i* a *tati! !"p; " a *et " re!"r(* a* it ei*t* at t/e ti'e t/e *nap*/"t i*!reate(# A *nap*/"t7t;pe Re!"r(*et "-=e!t !an !"ntain ie(* r"' "ne "r '"re ta-e* in a (ata-a*e# Y"% !an@t%p(ate a *nap*/"t#




T/e 'ain a(


98/142




On; (;na*et7 an( *nap*/"t7t;pe Re!"r(*et "-=e!t* are a




Y"% !an !reate a Re!"r(*et "-=e!t -a*e( "n a i!r"*"t A!!e** "r'# T" (" *", %*e t/e Re!"r(*etC"ne pr"pert;" t/e "r'# T/i* !reate* a (;na*et7t;pe Re!"r(*et t/at reer* t" t/e *a'e %n(er;ing >%er; "r (ata a* t/e "r'# Ia "r' i* -a*e( "n a >%er;, reerring t" t/e Re!"r(*etC"ne pr"pert; i* t/e e>%i




(-*#Ta-ee*#Appen( t( @ Create a (;na*et7t;pe Re!"r(*et "r t/e ta-e#.et r*tTa-eata t(#OpenRe!"r(*etB

Y"% !an a*" "pen a Para(" ta-e (ire!t; -; ir*t "pening t/e Para(" (ata-a*e#

*ing an In(e "n a Ta-e7T;pe Re!"r(*et O-=e!t

Y"% !an "r(er re!"r(* in a ta-e7t;pe Re!"r(*et "-=e!t -; *etting it* In(e pr"pert;# An; In(e "-=e!t in t/eIn(ee* !"e!ti"n " t/e Re!"r(*et "-=e!t@* %n(er;ing ta-e (einiti"n !an -e *pe!iie( &it/ t/e In(e pr"pert;#

T/e ""&ing ea'pe !reate* a ta-e7t;pe Re!"r(*et "-=e!t -a*e( "n t/e C%*t"'er* ta-e, -; %*ing an ei*tingin(e !ae( Cit;+

i' (-* A* ata-a*e, r*tTa-eata A* Re!"r(*et.et (-* C%rrent-.et r*tTa-eata (-*#OpenRe!"r(*etBC%*t"'er*, (-OpenTa-e@ "%er;# T/e pre




N"te /en ;"% !reate a Re!"r(*et "-=e!t -; %*ing an .5 *tring "r a *t"re( >%er;, ;"%r !"(e ("e*n@t !"ntin%er%nning %nti t/e >%er; ret%rn* t/e ir*t r"& in t/e Re!"r(*et#

Sorting an" Filtering Recor"s

ne** ;"% "pen a ta-e7t;pe Re!"r(*et "-=e!t an( *et it* In(e pr"pert;, ;"% !an@t -e *%re re!"r(* &i appear inan; *pe!ii! "r(er# H"&e%er; in an OpenRe!"r(*et 'et/"( i* t/at it /a* t" -e re!"'pie( e%er; para'eter* t" (eter'ine t/e *"rt"r(er an( iter !riteria# F"r '"re in"r'ati"n, *ee *ing Para'eter %erie* ater in t/i* !/apter#

Re!reating a %er; r"' a Re!"r(*et O-=e!t

Y"% !an a*" %*e a Re!"r(*et "-=e!t "pene( r"' a %er;e "-=e!t a* a te'pate t" re7!reate t/e %er;e"-=e!t# T" (" t/i*, %*e t/e C"p;%er;e 'et/"(# T/i* i* %*e% in *it%ati"n* &/ere a Re!"r(*et "-=e!t %er; an( p"**i-; '"(i; it#

"(i;ing a %er; r"' a Re!"r(*et O-=e!t

Y"% !an %*e t/e Re>%er; 'et/"( "n a (;na*et7 "r *nap*/"t7t;pe Re!"r(*et "-=e!t &/en ;"% &ant t" r%n t/e%n(er;ing >%er; again ater !/anging a para'eter# T/i* i* '"re !"n%i%er; 'et/"( t" r%n t/e '"(iie( >%er;#




.%- A((%er;B i' (-* A* ata-a*e i' >( A* %er;e i' r*t.ae*Rep* A* Re!"r(*et

.et (-* C%rrent- .et >( (-*#Create%er;eB.ae*Rep%er; >(#.5 .E5ECT W FRO E'p";ee* HERE Tite @.ae* Repre*entati(#OpenRe!"r(*etB @ Ca t/e %n!ti"n t" a(( a !"n*traint# A((%er;Fiter r*t.ae*Rep*

@ Ret%rn (ata-a*e t" "rigina# (-*#%er;e*#eete .ae*Rep%er; r*t.ae*Rep*#C"*eEn( .%-F%n!ti"n A((%er;FiterBr*t A* Re!"r(*et i' >( A* %er;e i' *trNe&Fiter A* .tring, *trRig/t.5 A* .tring

.et >( r*t#C"p;%er;e @ Tr; 5a*tNa'e 5IE @W@# *trNe&Fiter Inp%t)"BEnter ne& !riteria *trRig/t.5 Rig/tB>(#.5, 1 @ .trip !/ara!ter* r"' t/e en( " t/e >%er;, @ a* nee(e(# " /ie *trRig/t.5 Or *trRig/t.5 D Or *trRig/t.5 (#.5, 5enB>(#.5 7 1 *trRig/t.5 Rig/tB>(#.5, 1 5""p >(#.5 >(#.5 K AN K *trNe&Fiter K D r*t#Re>%er; >( @ Re>%er; t/e Re!"r(*et#

r*t#"%er; "t/er t/an a !r"**ta- >%er;again*t ta-e* in a i!r"*"t A!!e** (ata-a*e# Y"% !an@t re*tart .5 pa**7t/r"%g/ >%erie*# Y"% 'a; "r 'a; n"t -ea-e t" re*tart >%erie* again*t ine( ta-e* in an"t/er (ata-a*e "r'at# T" (eter'ine &/et/er a Re!"r(*et "-=e!t!an rer%n it* >%er;, !/e! t/e Re*tarta-e pr"pert;# F"r '"re in"r'ati"n "n t/e Re*tarta-e pr"pert;, *ear!/ t/eHep in(e "r Re*tarta-e pr"pert;#

T/e AO ."rt an( Fiter Pr"pertie*

An"t/er appr"a!/ t" *"rting an( itering Re!"r(*et "-=e!t* i* t" *et t/e AO ."rt an( Fiter pr"pertie* "n anei*ting Re!"r(*et, an( t/en "pen a ne& Re!"r(*et r"' t/e ei*ting "ne# H"&e%er; 'et/"(# T/e AO ."rt an( Fiter pr"pertie* are %*e% &/en ;"% &ant t" a"& a %*er t"*"rt "r re*tri!t a re*%t *et, -%t t/e "rigina (ata *"%r!e i* %na


104/142




*g)" Err"r K Err K + K Err"r, %er;#

ete!ting t/e 5i'it* " a Re!"r(*et O-=e!t

In a Re!"r(*et "-=e!t, i ;"% tr; t" '"




At t/e '"'ent ;"% !reate "r "pen a Re!"r(*et t/at !"ntain* at ea*t "ne re!"r(, t/e ir*t re!"r( i* t/e !%rrentre!"r(, an( -"t/ )OF an( EOF are Fa*e#

I t/e ir*t re!"r( i* t/e !%rrent re!"r( &/en ;"% %*e t/e "




Err"rHan(er+ .ee!t Ca*e Err Ca*e 0 Eit F%n!ti"n Ca*e E*e

*g)" Err"r K Err K + K Err"r,




On Err"r G"T" Err"rHan(er *tr%er; .E5ECT W FRO E'p";ee*D .et (-* C%rrent- .et r*tE'p";ee* (-*#OpenRe!"r(*etB*tr%er;, (-Open;na*et it/ r*tE'p";ee*

I #EOF T/en @ I n" re!"r(*, eit# Eit F%n!ti"n E*e *tr*g Pr"!e**ing E'p";ee* ta-e### intRet .;*C'(Ba!.;*C'(Initeter, *tr*g, 100 En( I " nti #EOF I Hireate \ 1M1M9$ T/en #E(it N"te* N"te* K D K .eni"r .ta #p(ate En( I I #Per!entP"*iti"n \X 0 T/en

intRet .;*C'(Ba!.;*C'(p(ateeter, #Per!entP"*iti"n En( I #"




Inserting Records

/en ;"% enter (ata in a ne& re!"r( -; &a; " t/e %*er intera!e, i!r"*"t A!!e** trigger* a )e"reIn*ert e




T/e ta-e arg%'ent i* t/e ta-e7t;pe Re!"r(*et "-=e!t ;"%@re *ear!/ing t/r"%g/# T/e !"'pari*"n arg%'ent i* a*tring t/at (eter'ine* t/e in( " !"'pari*"n t/at i* -eing per"r'e(# T/e ""&ing ta-e i*t* t/e !"'pari*"n*tring* ;"% !an %*e &it/ t/e .ee 'et/"(#

Greater t/an t/e *pe!iie( e;




i*pa;* t/e ""&ing (ia"g -" ater t/e )e"reeC"nir' e




N"te N" e


113/142




T/e Ca* (ia"g -" i*t* a t/e a!ti




3i*%a )a*i! pr"




I N"t -nEpr T/en *g)" *tr*g, , A**erti"n En( I En( .%-.%- APr"!e(%reBint A* Integer

I e-%g T/en A**erti"n int \ 10000 an( int X 0, Arg%'ent "%t " range En( I @ T/e !"(e !an n"& a**%'e t/e !"rre!t




T/e Err O-=e!t, t/e Err"r* C"e!ti"n, an( t/e Err"r F%n!ti"n

i!r"*"t A!!e** pr"




err"r 'e**age in t/e Fin( /at -", an( t/en !i! Fin( Fir*t# Y"% !an a*" -a*e a >%er; "r rep"rt "n t/e ta-e, "r*"rt t/e Err"r .tring !"%'n#

T/e Err O-=e!t, t/e Err"r* C"e!ti"n, an( t/e Err"r F%n!ti"n

i!r"*"t A!!e** pr"




1# Generate* err"r !"(e $101, in(i!ating a -r"en ta-e ="in#

2# R%n* t/e F"r'JErr"r pr"!e(%re, a**igning err"r !"(e $101 t" t/e ataErr arg%'ent#

T/e pr"!e(%re (e!are* t/e !"n*tant !"nErr)r"enS"in, &/i!/ repre*ent* err"r !"(e $101, "r t/e -r"en ="inerr"r#

T/e I *tate'ent t/en %*e* t/i* !"n*tant t" te*t &/et/er t/e ataErr arg%'ent 'at!/e* t/i* err"r !"(e# I it ("e*,t/e pr"!e(%re trap* t/e err"r an( (i*pa;* a !%*t"' (ia"g -" *" t/e %*er !an !"rre!t t/e pr"-e' -; entering a




I ;"%r appi!ati"n ("e*n@t /an(e 3i*%a )a*i! r%n7ti'e err"r*, %*er* 'a; -e *%rpri*e( i a r%n7ti'e err"r*%((en; /at* t/e appi!ati"n# It@* e*pe!ia; i'p"rtant t" /an(e 3i*%a )a*i! err"r* i ;"%@re !reating a r%n7ti'e




En( F%n!ti"n

T/i* !"(e %*e* pr"pertie* " t/e Err "-=e!t t" ret%rn t/e err"r !"(e n%'-er an( t/e 'e**age *tring a**"!iate( &it/t/e r%n7ti'e err"r t/at "!!%rre(#

/en 3i*%a )a*i! generate* t/e err"r i* n"t rea(;, t/e FieEi*t* %n!ti"n (i*pa;* a 'e**age teing t/e%*er t" !i! "ne " t&" -%tt"n*, O "r Can!e# I t/e %*er !i!* O, t/e Re*%'e *tate'ent ret%rn* pr"gra'!"ntr" t" t/e *tate'ent at &/i!/ t/e err"r "!!%rre( an( atte'pt* t" r%n t/at *tate'ent again# T/i* *tate'ent*%!!ee(* i t/e %*er /a* !"rre!te( t/e pr"-e'D "t/er&i*e, t/e pr"gra' ret%rn* t" t/e err"r7/an(ing !"(e#

I t/e %*er !i!* Can!e, t/e Re*%'e Net *tate'ent ret%rn* pr"gra' !"ntr" t" t/e *tate'ent ""&ing t/e "ne at&/i!/ t/e err"r "!!%rre(, in t/i* !a*e, t/e Eit F%n!ti"n *tate'ent#

I t/e e




Y"%@ %*%a; in!%(e err"r7/an(ing !"(e at t/e en( " a pr"!e(%re, -e"re t/e En( F%n!ti"n "r En( .%-*tate'ent# Enter an Eit F%n!ti"n, Eit .%-, "r Eit Pr"pert; *tate'ent at t/e en( " t/e 'ain pr"!e(%re !"(e, -%ti''e(iate; pre!e(ing t/e err"r /an(er@* ine a-e# T/i* pre




F%n!ti"n i




Err#Rai*e N%'-er+intErrN%' @ Regenerate t/e err"r# En( .ee!t @ T/i* =%'p* -a! t" t/e .tartHere a-e *" t/e %*er !an

@ tr; an"t/er ie na'e# Re*%'e .tartHere

En( F%n!ti"n

I a ie 'at!/ing t/e *pe!ii!ati"n i* "%n(, t/e %n!ti"n ret%rn* t/e ie na'e# I n" 'at!/ing ie i* "%n(, t/e%n!ti"n ret%rn* a ?er"7engt/ *tring B# I "ne " t/e anti!ipate( err"r* "!!%r*, a 'e**age appr"priate t" t/e err"r i* a**igne( t" *g an( ee!%ti"n -ran!/e* t" t/e .tartHere ine a-e# T/i* gi




t/e -eginning "r t/e 'i((e# H"&e




En( I @ T/e ir*t 'at!/ /a* area(; -een "%n(, *" %*e t/e Fin(Net 'et/"( t" in( t/e @ net re!"r( *ati*;ing t/e !riteria# intIn(e 0 " nti r*tOr(er*#EOF

r*tOr(eretai*#Fin(Net Or(erI K r*tOr(er*Or(erIQ I r*tOr(eretai*#N"at!/ T/en intIn(e intIn(e L 1 Rei' Pre*er




@ .et a -""'ar at t/e ir*t re!"r( !"ntaining t/e Categ"r;I# %er;# H"&e




.et (-* C%rrent-@ Create t/e ir*t Re!"r(*et#.et r*tOrigina (-*#OpenRe!"r(*etBOr(er*, (-Open;na*et@ .a




In*tea( " re!"r( n%'-er*, AO pr"



INFOTECH TRAINING CENTRE 229066 , 214824 , 246006 1$0

>(#Para'eter*BateFr"' *trateFr"' >(#Para'eter*BateT" *trateT" @ Open a "r&ar(7"n; *nap*/"t "n t/e >%er;# .et r*tOr(er* >(#OpenRe!"r(*etB(-Open.nap*/"t, (-F"r&ar(On; @ 5"a( a t/e Or(erI* in t/e >%er; int" an arra; t/at t/e !aer

@ " t/e %n!ti"n !an %*e# intI 1 /ie r*tOr(er*#EOF Fa*e Rei' ngOr(erI*B1 T" intI ngOr(erI*BintI r*tOr(er*Or(erI intI intI L 1 r*tOr(er*#"(C/angeTite* A* %er;e .et (-* C%rrent-.et >(C/angeTite* (-*#Create%er;eB

>(C/angeTite*#.5 PATE E'p";ee* .ET Tite @A!!"%nt Ee!%ti%er;#

Y"% !an repa!e t/e entire .5 *tring in t/i* ea'pe &it/ a *t"re( para'eter >%er;, in &/i!/ !a*e t/e pr"!e(%re&"%( pr"'pt t/e %*er "r para'eter %er;+

i' (-* A* ata-a*e, >(C/angeTite* A* %er;e i' *tr.5p(ate A* .tring, *trO( A* .tringi' *trNe& A* .tring.et (-* C%rrent-*tr.5p(ate PARAETER. O( TiteQ Tet, Ne& TiteQ TetD J

K PATE E'p";ee* .ET Tite Ne& TiteQ HERE Tite O( TiteQD@ Create t/e %er;e "-=e!t#.et >(C/angeTite* (-*#Create%er;eB, *tr.5p(ate@ Pr"'pt "r "( tite#*trO( Inp%t)"BEnter "( ="- tite@ Pr"'pt "r ne& tite#*trNe& Inp%t)"BEnter ne& ="- tite@ .et para'eter*#>(C/angeTite*#Para'eter*BO( Tite *trO(>(C/angeTite*#Para'eter*BNe& Tite *trNe&@ In




N"te A (eete >%er; i* '"re ei!ient t/an !"(e t/at ""p* t/r"%g/ re!"r(* ""ing "r re!"r(* t" (eete,e*pe!ia; &it/ (ata-a*e* !reate( in i!r"*"t A!!e** "r in("&* 9: "r ater#

"(i;ing an Ei*ting Re!"r(

Y"% !an '"(i; ei*ting re!"r(* in a ta-e7 "r (;na*et7t;pe Re!"r(*et "-=e!t -; %*ing t/e E(it an( p(ate'et/"(*#

T" '"(i; an ei*ting re!"r( in a ta-e7 "r (;na*et7t;pe Re!"r(*et "-=e!t

1 G" t" t/e re!"r( t/at ;"% &ant t" !/ange#

2 *e t/e E(it 'et/"( t" prepare t/e !%rrent re!"r( "r e(iting#

$ ae t/e ne!e**ar; !/ange* t" t/e re!"r(#

4 *e t/e p(ate 'et/"( t" *a%er; t/at !"'-ine* ie(* r"' t/e Or(er*an( Or(er etai* ta-e*# Genera; *peaing, ;"% !an@t !/ange




(-In!"n*i*tent

/en ;"% %p(ate an in!"n*i*tent (;na*et, ;"% !an ea*i; (e*tr"; t/e reerentia integrit; " t/e (ata in t/e(;na*et# Y"% '%*t tae !are t" %n(er*tan( /"& t/e (ata i* reate( a!r"** t/e "ne7t"7'an; reati"n*/ip an( t"%p(ate t/e



INFOTECH TRAINING CENTRE 229066 , 214824 , 246006 1$$

t/e net re!"r( ;"% '%*t %*e t/e "%er; 'et/"( "r re7!reate t/e Re!"r(*et "-=e!t#

I ;"% a(( a re!"r( t" a ta-e7t;pe Re!"r(*et, t/e re!"r( appear* p"*iti"ne( a!!"r(ing t" t/e !%rrent in(e, "r att/e en( " t/e ta-e i t/ere i* n" !%rrent in(e# )e!a%*e i!r"*"t Set




Y"% !an %*e t/e (;na*et7t;pe Re!"r(*et t" !reate a "!a !a!/e "r O)C (ata# T/i* et* ;"% retrie%e*te(, an( 'ae* '%!/ -etter %*e " ;"%r *er



INFOTECH TRAINING CENTRE 229066 , 214824 , 246006 1$:

.et &rC%rrent )Engine#"r*pa!e*B0 .et (-*.ae* Openata-a*eBN"rt/&in(#'(- .et r*tE'p (-*.ae*#OpenRe!"r(*etBE'p";ee*, (-OpenTa-e &rC%rrent#)eginTran* " nti r*tE'p#EOF

I r*tE'pTite .ae* Repre*entati%antit; " tran*a!ti"n (ata a* arge a* t/e a'"%nt " ree *pa!e "n ;"%r (i* (ri




(ata-a*e "-=e!t




%ent !a* t" t/e GetR"&* 'et/"( i '"re re!"r(* are a%e*te(, it ("e*n@t ret%rn t/at r" F"r ea'pe, it/e it/ re!"r( !ann"t -e retrie%er;t/at ret%rn* =%*t t/e ie(* t/at ;"% nee(# T/i* i* e*pe!ia; i'p"rtant "r O5E O-=e!t an( e'" ie(*#

*ing Fie( O-=e!t*




T/e (ea%t !"e!ti"n " a Re!"r(*et "-=e!t i* it* Fie(* !"e!ti"n# T/i* !"e!ti"n in!%(e* a *inge Fie( "-=e!tt/at !"rre*p"n(* t" ea!/ ie( B"r !"%'n in t/e Re!"r(*et# Ea!/ Fie( "-=e!t /a* a *et " pr"pertie* t/at %ni>%e;i(entiie* t/e ie( na'e, (ata t;pe, an( *" "n, a* &e a* t/e




Or(inaP"*iti"n pr"pert; t" an; p"*iti%e reeren!ei(entii!ati"n#




N"te T/e GI (ata t;pe i* a*" %*e( in t/e ata-a*e "-=e!t@* Repi!aI pr"pert; t" i(enti; a repi!a# F"rin"r'ati"n "n repi!a*, *ee C/apter 20, *ing Repi!ati"n in Y"%r Appi!ati"n#

T/e Tet ata T;pe

F"r Fie( "-=e!t* (e!are( a* t;pe Tet, ;"% '%*t *et t/e .i?e pr"pert;, &/i!/ in(i!ate* t/e engt/ " t/e "nge*t*tring t/at !an -e *t"re( in t/e ie(# A "t/er t;pe* " Fie( "-=e!t* /a%e; i(enti; re!"r(*# F"r ea'pe, ;"%'a; &ant t" *tart !%*t"'er "r(er re!"r(* at "r(er n%'-er 1 an( -egin !"%nting %p&ar(#

i!r"*"t A!!e** !an a%t"'ati!a; in*ert %ni>%e n%'-er* in a ie(, *a%e i(entiier* t" -e %*e( &it/in a pri'ar; e; ie(# T" tae a(%er; ta-e* !"ntaining arge




A *nap*/"t7 "r "r&ar(7"n;7t;pe Re!"r(*et "-=e!t "pene( again*t arge


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Ca*e 0 Eit F%n!ti"n Ca*e E*e *g)" Err"r K Err K + K Err"r,

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