ACCELERATOR R&D ACTIVITIES

IN IHEP, CAS

Yunlong Chi

Accelerator Center, IHEP, CAS

NOV.22, 2013

Outline

BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF IHEP

BEPC (Beijing e- & e+ Collider) & BEPCII

CSNS (China Spallation Neutron Source)

ADS (Accelerator Driven Subcritical System)

FUTURE ACCELERATOR

Institute of High Energy Physics

(IHEP) Institute of Modern Physics: established at 1950

Institute of High Energy Physics: independent Institute for Particle

physics at 1973

Comprehensive and largest fundamental research center in China

1250 employees, 2/3 of them are physicists and engineers,

450 PhD Students and post-doctors

Goal of IHEP: multiple discipline research center based on large

scientific facilities.

IHEP Major research fields

Particle physics:

Charm physics @ BEPCII LHC exp. Yangbajing cosmic ray observatory particle astrophysics

n physics: Daya Bay reactor n exp.

Accelerator technology and applications

High Lumi. e+e- collider: BEPCII High power proton accelerator

Radiation technologies

Synchrotron radiation source and applications Spallation neutron source and application

IHEP Large scientific facilities

Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPCII / BSRF)

The Daya Bay Neutrino Experiment

Cosmic ray physics and high energy astrophysics lab

China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS)

Accelerator Driven Subcritical system (ADS)

Beijing Advance Light Source (under R&D)

IHEP Organization Chart

Mission of Accelerator Center

One of the key divisions

in IHEP.

Develop accelerator

physics and technology.

Main force on large

scientific facility

construction since

BEPC.

Supporter of the future

projects in IHEP.

Outline

BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF IHEP

BEPC (Beijing e- & e+ Collider) & BEPCII

CSNS (China Spallation Neutron Source)

ADS (Accelerator Driven Subcritical System)

FUTURE ACCELERATOR

BEPC & BEPCII

Beijing Electron Positron Collider :

Constructed: 1984-1988 BESI: run from 1989-1998 BESII: run from 1999-2004

Upgraded (BEPCII ):

2004-2008 BESIII: run from 2008

BEPCII LINAC (e- an e+)

(1984 construct, BEPCII 2004 upgrade) LINAC Design Measured

Energy (e+ / e-) ( GeV ) 1.89 / 2.3 1.89 / 2.5

Current ( e+ ) ( mA ) 37 61

Current ( e- ) ( mA ) 500 > 500

Emittance（e+）( 1 σ, mm-mrad） 0.40 (37 mA) 0.39~0.41 (40~46

mA)

Emittance (e-) ( 1 σ, mm-mrad） 0.10 (500 mA) 0.09~0.11 (600 mA)

Pulse Repe. Rate （Hz） 50 50

Energy Spread ( e- ) （%） ± 0.50 (500

mA) ± 0.44 (600 mA)

Energy Spread ( e+ ) （%） ± 0.50 (37 mA) ± 0.50 (≥37 mA)

Positron Source Design Measured

e- Beam spot radius（mm） 2.5 1.0 – 1.5

e- Beam energy (MeV) 240 210

Flux pulse magnetic field（T）

@ 12 kA pulse current 4.5 – 0.5 5.3 – 0.5

Flux pulse magnetic field（T）

@ operation current 10.2 kA 4.5 – 0.48

Solenoid magnetic field （T）

@ 350 A driving current 0.5 T 7 m 0.5 T 7 m

Solenoid magnetic field （T）

@ operation current 320 A 0.48 T 7 m

e+ current @ solenoid exit (mA) 88 100

e+ energy @ solenoid exit (MeV) 80 - 100 100

e+ yield @ solenoid exit（e- /e+(GeV)) 4.3 7.6

BEPCII: High Luminosity Double Ring e- e+

Collider

Beam energy range 1–2.3 GeV

Optimized beam energy region 1.89GeV

Luminosity @ 1.89 GeV 110 33 cm-2s-1

Injection from linac Full energy injection: Einj=1.55-1.89GeV

Positron injection rate > 50 mA/min

Dedicated SR operation 250 mA @ 2.5 GeV

Design Goals:

charm energy region world best collider

Keep Collider and Light source operation

BEPCII: High Luminosity Double Ring e- e+

Collider

SC RF Cavity

12漫散射

XAFS

衍射

光电子能谱

4B9A

3B1A

3W1A

荧光分析

高压

LIGA

1W1B

生物大分子

生物大分子

1W2

1W1

4w14B9

4W

2

3B

1

4W1B

4W1A

4B9B

X-射线成像

BEPCII

小角散射

光刻

3W1软

X射线

中能束线

4B8

4B7

VUV

1W1A

1W2B

IV

III II

I

BEPCIIBEPCII光束线光束线和实验站和实验站

Double Ring Beam Line

BESIII

Cryogenic System of BEPCII

13 13

BEPCII

Storage Ring

Cryogenic Plant

500MHz SC Cavity

SC Magnet

Commissioning, and operation of BEPCII

0

2

4

6

8

1月

23日

2月

1日

2月

15日

3月

10日

3月

21日

5月

3日

12月

9日

12月

14日

12月

17日

12月

23日

12月

24日

1月

12日

4月

8日

Lu

min

osit

y (

×1

0 3

2c

m-2

s-1)

0

2 0 0

4 0 0

6 0 0

8 0 0

Be

am

cu

rren

t (mA

)

Luminosity e+ beam current

e- beam current

Outline

BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF IHEP

BEPC (Beijing e- & e+ Collider) & BEPCII

CSNS (China Spallation Neutron Source)

ADS (Accelerator Driven Subcritical System)

FUTURE ACCELERATOR

The phase-I CSNS facility consists of an 80-MeV H- linac, a 1.6-GeV RCS,

beam transport lines, a target station, and 3 instruments.

Linac

Project Phase I II

Beam Power on target [kW] 100 500

Proton energy [GeV] 1.6 1.6

Average beam current [μA] 62.5 312.5

Pulse repetition rate [Hz] 25 25

Linac energy [MeV] 80 250

Linac type DTL +Spoke

Linac RF frequency [MHz] 324 324

Macropulse. ave current [mA] 15 40

Macropulse duty factor 1.0 1.7

RCS circumference [m] 228 228

RCS harmonic number 2 2

RCS Acceptance [mm-mrad] 540 540

Target Material Tungsten Tungsten

CSNS Design

LINAC & LRBT

Target RTBT

RCS

Experiment hall

Fast Neutron

Total long-term construction site area is

about 0.67km2.

0.27km2 has been occupied for phase-I

construction.

The remaining land is planned for future

expansion for new project.

Facility buildings, including Linac, RCS,

transport line, target, have a total area of

30,431m2. Auxiliary buildings, including

administration office, test halls, occupy a

total area of 36,258m2.

Civil Design

20

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0-order CPM

Groundbreaking on 20 Oct. 2011

20

May 2009

Civil Construction

21

April 2013

Civil Construction

Linac Design

Ion Source RFQ DTL

Input Energy（MeV) 0.05 3.0

Output Energy(MeV) 0.05 3.0 80

Pulse Current (mA) 20/40 20/40 15/30

RF frequency (MHz) 324 324

Chop rate (%) 50 50

Duty factor (%) 1.3 1.05 1.05

Repetition rate (Hz) 25 25 25

2.5 MW

klystron ea.

H — IS RFQ

3 MeV

DTL

80 MeV

LLRF LLRF LLRF LLRF LLRF LLRF LLRF

Solid State

Amplifier Klys.

MEBT

Buncher1

LLRF

Solid State

Amplifier

Buncher2

LLRF

Solid State

Amplifier

Debuncher

LRBT

Klys. Klys. Klys. Klys.

RING

2.5 MW

klystron ea.

H — IS RFQ

3 MeV

DTL

MeV

LEBT

LLRF LLRF LLRF LLRF LLRF LLRF LLRF

Solid State

Amplifier Klys.

MEBT

350kW*2

Tetrode

Buncher1

LLRF

Solid State

Amplifier

Buncher2

LLRF

Solid State

Amplifier

Debuncher

LRBT

Klys. Klys.Klys. Klys.Klys. Klys.Klys.

RING

MOD MOD MOD MOD

LLRFLLRF Klys.Klys. MODLow Level RF Klystron Modulator

4616 4616

4616 4616 Tetrode

RF Amplifier HVPS

High Voltage

Power Supply

HVPS HVPS

EMQ option in FFDD lattice

Electrostatic chopper in LEBT

• H- ion source

A Penning source has been set up. It is

now under beam extraction test. The first

extracted H- beam reached 20 in May.

• LEBT with a chopper

Space charge neutralized LEBT with an

electrostatic deflector as a chopper at

the entrance of the RFQ. A prototype of

the chopper reaches a fast rise time less

than 17ns in a proton beam test.

Front-end

• RFQ

A four-vane type RFQ at 324 MHz

composed of two coupled resonators.

Four modules have been brazed for

assembly and field tuning.

• RF Power

Two sets of Burle 4616 Tetrode feed

530 kW total RF power to the RFQ. In

the power test, the source can reach

400 kW pulse power with pulse length

of 700μs at 25 Hz, better than

specification.

RF power couplers

Vacuum pumps

Front-end

• Tank and drift tube

The DTL linac is composed of 4

tanks with a total length of 35 m.

Each tank is about 9m long and

assembled with 3 technical

modules. EMQs in FFDD lattice

provide focusing in equipartioning

design.

• The first tank is under fabrication.

Tank is made of a carbon steel

tube with copper plated on the

inner surface. A feature of the DTL

is the use of OFC in all parts of

DTs. SAKAE coil is adopted for the

quadrupole.

DTL

• RF Power

RF power source for DTL is 324 MHz

klystron from CPI, with maximum

output power of 3 MW. Two sets of

400 Hz AC series resonance high

voltage power supply is under

manufacture.

• LLRF

A full digitalized LLRF system was

tested with amplitude and phase

variations in the cavity less than

±0.25% and ±0.35° with beam

loading, much better than the

requirements of ±1% in amplitude

and ±1° in phase. ±0.25 ,

<±1.00, required

±0.20%,

<±1.00%, required

DTL

RCS Design

Lattice of 4-fold symmetry, triplet.

227.92m circumference.

Four long straight sections for

injection, acceleration, collimation

and extraction.

24 main dipoles with one power

supply.

48 main quadrupoles with 5 power

supplies.

Ceramic vacuum chambers for the

AC & pulsed magnets.

8 RF ferrite loaded cavities to

provide 165 kV.

• RCS Main Dipole

Two prototypes were fabricated to

address the issue of laminate crack.

Based the successful experience we

started the mass production at IHEP

workshop.

• RCS Main Quadrupole

Overcome crack trouble of the coil

epoxy resin. Contracted with IHEP

workshop and the first one has been

manufactured. 72 hours test run has

been conducted without any crack.

Field measurement show a satisfactory

results.

RCS Hardware prototype

Power supply

White resonant circuit is chosen as the

power supply to provide AC+DC current

to the main magnets.

Power source and choke are now

under mass production.

To compensate for the field deformation

due to the magnet core nonlinearity,

harmonic injection technology is

successfully introduced into the power

supplies in the test of the prototype.

Ring RF

Ferrite loaded cavity’s resonant

frequency shifts from 1.02 MHz to 2.44

MHz in 20 ms by a bias current supply.

Cavity design is improved, under mass

production.

Control and

interlock module Anode DC

power supply

Electricity

switchboard

Heat

exchanger 8 sets of 500 kW transmitter

have been in mass production.

Power

supplies and

drive

amplifier

Tube amplifier

Bias supply

RF

Cavity

Ceramic Chamber

31

Mass production of the

ceramic chambers for RCS

main Q and D magnets has

started.

A curved magnetron

sputtering facility for TiN

coating has be set up at

IHEP and glow discharge

has been got in the first test

for the prototype dipole

ceramic chamber.

N2/Ar inlet

Left cathode(7.5)

Right cathode(7.5)

The stripping foil facility has been

manufactured with 20 carbon foils on a

rotating frame.

One of the two injection pulsed bump power

supplies of 9,000A made in R&D phase can

be directly used.

8 kicker magnets have been put into mass

production and the first one will be accepted

in August. Their power supplies are now

under fabrication and the first one is

scheduled in Sept. 2013.

RCS Injection & Extraction

Outline

BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF IHEP

BEPC (Beijing e- & e+ Collider) & BEPCII

CSNS (China Spallation Neutron Source)

ADS (Accelerator Driven Subcritical System)

FUTURE ACCELERATOR

China ADS Road Map

Phase I：

key tech. R&D

Acc. & target & reactor

prototype

(~10 MWt, ~2023)

Phase II：

Exp. Facility (~100 MWt, ~2030)

Phase III：

Demo Facility

(~1000 MWt, ~2037)

ADS Proton Beam Requirement

Particle Proton

Energy 1.5 GeV

Current 10 mA

Beam power 15 MW

Frequency 162.5/325/650 MHz

Duty factor 100 %

Beam Loss <1 (0.3) W/m

Beam trips/year

<25000

<2500

<25

1s<t<10s

10s<t<5m

t>5m

Layout of the ADS Proton Linac

The proton accelerator is being built by IHEP and IMP together.

This project has begun from early 2011, supported by

“Strategic Priority Research Program” by CAS。

Design of Injector I

Frequency (MHz) 325

ECR Source Voltage (keV) 35

RFQ Energy (MeV) 3.2

Injector I Energy (MeV) 10

Number of Spoke012 Cavity 14

Number of solenoid 14

Number of cold BPM 14

Number of CM 1+1

8%/ 5%/5%

Design of Injector II ECR LEBT RFQ 4-5m MEBT SC-segment HWR C.M.

2*Sole. 4-5parts . FDF-B-FDF-B

35keV 2.1MeV 2.1-10MeV

=0.087 =0.067 g~0.09

Frequency(MHz) 162.5

ECR Voltage(KeV) 35

RFQ Energy(MeV) 2.1

Injector II Energy (MeV) 10

Number of HWR010 Cavity 12

Number of solenoid 12

Number of cold BPM 10

Number of CM 1+1

Design of Main Linac

Cavity type β Frequency Vmax

(MV)

Emax

(MV/m)

Bmax

(mT)

Number of

Cavity

S-spoke 0.21 325 1.64 31.14 65 36

S-spoke 0.40 325 2.86 32.06 65 56

5-cell Ellip. 0.63 650 10.26 37.72 65 36

5-cell Ellip. 0.82 650 15.63 35.80 65 95

Lattice structures for the main linac sections RMS beam envelope along the main linac

IS and LEBT Parameters Required Status

Ion type proton

Energy (KeV) 35 35

Peak Current (mA) 10 (RFQ) ~35

Discharge Power (kW) < 2 < 0.9

Microwave Frequency (GHz) 2.45 2.45

Operated Mode CW CW or Pulsed

α 2.4

β(cm/rad) 7.7

ε (nRMS) (π.mm.mrad) 0.2 ~0.2

CH3为DCCT测试CW引出束流信号

35keV@19mA

CH4 Beamstop测试引出束流信号35keV@15mA

LEBT传输效率约79%

RFQ for injector I and II

Frequency 162.5 325 MHz

Injection energy 35 35 keV

Output energy 2.1 3.2 MeV

Beam current 10 10 mA

Beam duty factor 100 100 %

Beam transmission 99.6 98.7 %

Inter-vane voltage V 65 55 kV Average bore radius r0 5.731 2.775 mm Vane tip curvature 4.298 2.775 mm

Maximum surface field 15.7791 28.88 MV/m

Input norm. rms emittance (x,y,z) 0.3/0.3/0 0.2/0.2/0 πmm.mrad

Output norm. rms emittance (x/y/z) 0.31/0.31/0.92 0.2/0.2/0.50 πmm.mrad/keV-ns Vane length 419.2 467.75 cm Accelerator length 420.8 469.95 cm

Superconducting Cavities

Parameters Cavities Units

HWR010 S012 S021 S040 E063 E082

Frequency 162.5 325 325 325 650 650 MHz

Epeak/Eacc 5.90 4.54 3.88 3.30 2.60 2.12

Bpeak/Eacc 12.1 6.37 8.13 8.34 4.73 4.05 mT/(MV/m)

R/Q 153 142 206 244 304 514 Ω

G 28.4 61.0 87.0 104 193 235 Ω

Q0 4.0 E+08

Vertical test result of Spoke012

Q0=5.8x108@6MV/m, 4K; Q0=3.4x108@7MV/m, 4K.

Vertical test results of HWR010

Cavity type Frequency (MHz) Power (kW) Qext Connecting type

RFQ 162.5

325 80,CW,TW ~5670 WR2300

HWR 162.5 15,CW,TW ~7.0E5 Coaxial waveguide,

YX50-105-1

Spoke 325 10~20, CW,TW ~7.0E5 Coaxial waveguide,

,50

Elliptical 650

High Power Input Coupler

Frequency（MHz） Output Power（kW）

CW Klystron RFQ I 325 600 1 80kV，18A PSM

CW Tetrode RFQ II 162.5 200 4

CW SSA

Spoke 325 10 / 20 / 40

HWR 162.5

Elliptical 650

LLRF Digital LLRF (mTCA)

RF Source

ADS Injector Beam Test Schedule

Injector I Injector II

2013.11 ECR & LEBT Commissioning Cryogenics ready

2014.01 RFQ Conditioning

2014.02 ECR+LEBT+RFQ Conditioning

2014.03 ECR+LEBT+RFQ Beam Commissioning

2014.05 Cryogenics ready 5 MeV Beam Commissioning

2014.10 1st Cryomodule Horizontal Test

2014.12 5 MeV Beam Commissioning

2015.03 2nd Cryomodule Horizontal Test

2015.05 10 MeV Beam Commissioning

Outline

BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF IHEP

BEPC (Beijing e- & e+ Collider) & BEPCII

CSNS (China Spallation Neutron Source)

ADS (Accelerator Driven Subcritical System)

FUTURE ACCELERATOR R&D

BAPS(Beijing Advanced Photon Source)

ILC

CEPC+SppC

MOMENT

49

A 5-GeV light source,

with very small

Emittance；

and the possibility to

have ERL and X-FEL

in the future.

Beijing Advanced Photon Source

Parameters Unit Value

Elentron beam energy GeV 5

Circumference m 1296

Current mA 200~300

Horizontal emmittance nm·rad 0.46（0.1/0.01）

Electron beam length ps/mm ~ 8.0/2.4

Photon energy(Ec) keV 10.65(main bend)

83.1(5T SC Wig.)

Peak luminosity Photons/s/mm2

/mrad2/0.1%BW 大于1021

• Some key accelerator technologies and accelerator

physics need R&D, including

Accelerator physics study

High-precision quadrupoles and sextupoles

Pulsed sextupole for injection

SC wiggler and low temperature undulator

Some beam diagnostics components

Mechanics and girder

Stability study including mock-up tunnel

RF power source and 5-cell cavity

Beijing Advanced Photon Source

51

DC- and 5 MeV injector (2 x 2-cell CW SC cavity)

RF Gun and 20 MeV injector for the FEL

ERL ring

L-band CW SC Linac: (2 x 7-cell CW SC cavity) ；

2 TBA arcs , 2 straight sections ；

ERL -THz beam lines (from CSR or Oscillator).

Compact TF-- 35 MeV-10 mA

ERL Test Facility is being proposed

500kV Photocathode DC-Gun development

at IHEP

GaAs photocathode

preparation system

500kV HVPS

Titanium gun body

and ceramic insulator

Drive laser

Beam diagnostics

Beam dump Parameter Value

HV 350 ~ 500 kV

Cathode GaAs:Cs

QE 5-7%(initial),1%

Life Time 20 h

Driven laser 2.3W，530nm

Repetition rate 100MHz, 1.3GHz*

Nor. emittance (1~2)mm.mrad ,(77pC)

(0.1~0.2)mm.mrad,(7.7pC)

Bunch length 20ps

Beam current (5~10) mA

•Two operation modes:

1). 100MHz-7.7mA-77pC,

2)1300MHz-10mA-7.7pC.

The Gun’s preliminary design is ready and its funding is approved by

IHEP, the main purpose:

To develop a prototype of DC-Gun for ERL

To develop a test bench for advanced beam diagnostics

Key SC Accelerator Technologies for ILC

1.3GHz 9-cell cavity (IHEP-01)

IHEP first Large-grain low-loss shape, 20MV/m

Input coupler

12 m Cryomodule for Euro-XFEL PXFEL1 in FLASH; 58 ordered for XFEL

Long-term projects oriented research -

CEPC+SppC

• A circular e+/e- collider as Higgs Factory has been studying at IHEP.

If it can be built in 10 years from now, it will put China as one of the

key players in high-energy physics. The machine can be converted

into a proton-proton collider for tens TeV high-energy frontier.

ee+ Higgs Factory

pp collider

CEPC：240 – 250GeV

SppC：50 – 90 TeV

Long-term projects oriented research -

MOMENT

After neutrino experiments at Daya Bay and JUNO which both

are based on reactor neutrinos, a longer term project based on

accelerator neutrinos is also under study at IHEP.

MOMENT (MuOn-decay Medium baseline NeUTrino beam

facility) is a dedicated machine to measure leptonic CP violation.

Summary

• The Accelerator Center is developed along with the

development of accelerator physics and technology, for

both high energy physics and user application.

• Operation, construction large scientific facilities are the

main tasks of the Accelerator Center.

• There are many common interest in developing high

power accelerator between IHEP and ESS.

• Look forward more fruitful collaboration with ESS.

Thanks for

your attention!

57