Accelerating the Industrial Revolution, 1800- 1850 More steel- steam engine and smelting Railroads-...
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Accelerating the Industrial Revolution, 1800- 1850 More steel- steam engine and smelting Railroads- First RR was built in 1823 to connect Manchester with
Accelerating the Industrial Revolution, 1800- 1850 More steel-
steam engine and smelting Railroads- First RR was built in 1823 to
connect Manchester with the nearby port of Liverpool Repeal of the
Corn Laws, Poor Laws, 1832-1846
Slide 2
Stockton-Darlington locomotive, 1825 American locomotive,
1850
Slide 3
Slide 4
Slide 5
Iron and railroads led to steel bridges and road
improvements
Slide 6
Chemicals: Gas lights, fueled by gas extracted from coal, were
installed in London, 1812-1820 Sulfuric Acid and Bleach for the
textile industry were developed in between 1790-1830 Portland
cement, and improvement over traditional concrete, was developed in
1824
Slide 7
SS Royal William, the first ship to cross the Atlantic under
steam-power, from Nova Scotia to Liverpool, 1833
Slide 8
Pollution Great Stink, 1858
Slide 9
Discontent and Organized Labor Luddites, Manchester, 1811- 12,
led a series of riots protesting the use of steam engines in
textile mills and the resulting unemployment. Workers Unions were
illegal in the UK until 1824. The Chartist movement of the 1830s
and 1840s represented the first real effort to build a labor union,
and organized the first wide-spread labor strike in 1846. In 1844,
Frederick Engels, the son of a textile factory owner, published his
Condition of the Working Class in England, one of the founding
works of Socialism.
Slide 10
Reform of Working Conditions Factory Acts of 1802, 1833-
1)Children under 8 cant work 2)Children 8-13 can only work 8 hours
per day, but only from 6AM to 9PM (max work week of 58 hours)
3)Children 13-18 can work twelve hours per day (max work week of 70
hours) 4) The employers of child-labor must send them to school at
least once per week for the first four years of their employment
(this was expanded to two hours per day). Factory Act of 1844-
Women and children (13-18) not allowed to work beyond 58 hours per
week.
Slide 11
Robert Owen (1771-1858) Great fan of reforming industrial labor
conditions Ran his own mill town of New Lanark, Scotland, as an
example of how fair treatment and investment in the lives and
education of workers could alleviate the social problems of
capitalism. Believed poverty could be solved by the creation of new
villages for the poor based on the old principle of commonly-held
lands.
Slide 12
Edwin Chadwick Member of Poor Laws Commission, but bitterly
rejected the reform of the Poor Laws in 1832 Published The Sanitary
Condition of the Labouring Population in 1842, complaining about
working and living conditions in London and other cities. Made
commissioner of the Metropolitan Sewer District, which built
Londons modern sewage system
Slide 13
Slide 14
Ireland: Britains First Colony Celtic, Catholic Partially
conquered by England in the twelfth century. Conquest completed in
the sixteenth century, English nobles settled as major land-owners
over the Irish peasants.
Slide 15
Ireland and Enclosures During the eighteenth century, English
and Irish- protestant landlords pursued a policy of increasing cash
rents or enclosures for sheep farming, dispossessing large swaths
of the Irish peasantry. Many moved to England, looking for
employment in the cities.
Slide 16
Ireland and Liberal Revolution In the late eighteenth century,
a group of Irish liberals, Protestant and Catholic, formed the
United Irishmen. The group soon attracted broad support from people
unhappy with British rule. Their goal was to set up an independent
Irish Republic. Inspired by French Revolution, United States, and
liberal principles
Slide 17
1798 Series of uprisings Most of the leadership arrested before
uprisings Tepid French support United Irishmen badly defeated
Slide 18
Ireland under British Liberalism Agricultural Revolution and
mono-crop agriculture; marginal land in the west of the country
Potato famine caused by fungus imported from America, 1845- 1849
Whig government was convinced that the repeal of the Corn Laws
would help, as the market would help drive down the price of food.
The opposite happened, and the government refused to interfere,
vaguely citing Malthusian theories. Trevelyan: The judgment of God
sent the famine to teach the Irish a lesson.