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Dalhousie University - School of Architecture ARCH 5212.03 section 3: From Principle to Detail M1 Technology | Simulations: From Passive Principle to Material Attribute Course Outline - Summer 2020 Classes: Wednesdays, 2.30pm-5:30pm Instructor: Brian Lilley Office and office hours: Thursday, 1:00 - 2:00 or contact brian.lilley@dal.ca Brightspace site: dal.brightspace.com [not assigned yet] Teams site: M1 Tech 20 - Lilley - Simulations Zoom meetings will be arranged by invitation. ACADEMIC INFORMATION Calendar Description This course advances the technological content of a concurrent design project or thesis. It focuses on the integration of building systems (e.g., structure, construction, environmental technology), beginning with an overview of principles, followed by a self-directed material exploration, and culminating in the production of a relevant building detail. Additional Course Description The Intention of this Technology Course is to examine Passive Principles of Phenomena flows as a positive strategy influencing architectural material selection, design, and assembly. Due to the pandemic conditions at this present time, shop activities will be replaced with readings, discussions, and simple experiments that act as simulations; that help reveal beneficial relationships between materials and environmental factors. Simulation: sɪm.jəˈleɪ.ʃən a model of a real activity, created for training purposes or to solve a problem: such as computer simulation, flight simulation, interactive simulation. Definition of simulation from the Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary © Cambridge University Press The course is structured over four 2-week periods that examine in turn solar power, air pressure, local hydrological cycles, and then combine into the well-balanced microclimate. Each Unit will consider the various scales of the phenomena, from larger climate to local site condition. The question of ‘how do we respond to these phenomena?’ will be answered by examining strategies of harvesting, shielding, and porosity. Further, we will be examining materials and assemblies in terms of attributes that directly respond to those strategies. Reacting to the question ‘How successfully can materials do this, before active systems become necessary?’ we will also be examining mixed mode strategies of integration. Each unit will pose a simple microclimate design problem, culminating with an analysis of a current studio design, of the student’s choice. In exploring and researching these topics, we will be starting with readings across scales, and looking at particular case studies and architectural translations. To understand the phenomena in general terms, there will be a number of experiments (Harvesting, Shielding, Porosity) based on

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readily available materials and utensils. There will also be the opportunity to consider scripting as it applies to the problem – both pseudo-scripting and grasshopper / Ladybug, for example. Learning Objectives

Rationale for the Course This course coincides with the first Design Studio in the graduate program, occurring in the summer term. As such it offers students an opportunity to work on a particular topic of design related to sustainable building: using simulation to develop translation with key material assemblies. This process is useful as a form of design research contributing to sustainable, comprehensive design. Assignment Description The main assignment is a process logbook that accumulates the term’s work consecutively over the term’s four units. As a guide for content, Exercises and Readings will be given for each Unit on a weekly or bi-weekly basis. The process log is a format document (to match your portfolio size) that captures the term's activities. All included material should be clearly and concisely labeled so that the document is self-explanatory. Further Assignment description will be given with the Introduction. Solar Power - Unit One Description Solar Energy is the light and energy driver across scales, along thermodynamic principles. Harvesting Solar Energy passively relies on orientation and duration, and usually means Thermal Mass storage and cavity walls. Mixed Mode includes solar convection, solar aquatics, and PV or Hotwater panels. Harvesting Light involves patterns of solid and void, transparent material, receptor material, and principles of reflectance and absorption. Assignment 1: Design an interior microclimate that has even daylight, is warm and dry, for a small library (assembly occupation) with variable air changes depending on (flexible) functions. The assignment will include a brief reading synopsis, a hypothesis, experimental results, and a conclusion with action points for architectural translation. Air Pressure - Unit Two Description Principles of Air Pressure drive global weather systems, and also affect individual buildings. Harvesting Air flow for energy is done with windmills, and for effective ventilation orientation and opening proportions are key elements. Passive strategies include Buoyancy and Stack effect; Mixed Mode includes plenums, heat recovery, and earth tubes; filtering of Air relies on capillary tunnels and absorptive material, with porosities aligned to dust particle sizes.

-Develop and refine an ability to research environmental factors and material attributes that contribute to design translation -Develop an understanding of key strategies and detail that in turn can inform comprehensive design - Develop and refine material detail modelling and simulation skills

Jinhua Ceramic Pavilion, Wang Shu >

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Assignment 2: Design an exterior microclimate in Nova Scotia that can be used for sports throughout the year. The assignment will include a brief reading synopsis, a hypothesis, experimental results, and a conclusion with action points for architectural translation. Moisture Hydrology - Unit 3 Description Hydrologic Systems provide a dynamic balance between large bodies of open water and filtered fresh groundwater. Harvesting involves rainwater retention through surface drainage, or through material permeability and groundwater reservoirs. Active systems include solar aquatics, hot-water panels, ocean-loop cooling, geothermal systems and water turbines. Assignment 3: Design an interior / exterior threshold with a microclimate that is bright / well-ventilated / and moderately humid for a kitchen garden and indoor / outdoor dining. The assignment will include a brief reading synopsis, a hypothesis, experimental results, and a conclusion with action points for architectural translation. A well-balanced Microclimate – Unit 4 Description To achieve balance, the materials and flows that compose a building need to achieve a synergistic metabolism, working together to achieve a microclimate that invites human occupation. Of necessity, a mapping of material attributes for different flows: of solar, air and moisture can then in combination regulate an environment’s temperature, light quality, air change capacity, and moisture content. Assignment 4: Describe one of the major spaces in your M1 Design Project in terms of Material Attributes and phenomena flow, and the resulting microclimate. The assignment will include a brief reading synopsis, a hypothesis, experimental results, and a conclusion with action points for architectural translation. Final Portfolio The Portfolio and assignment 4 will be presented in the last class of term and the portfolio will provide a coherent document for the term’s investigations. Weekly Hours For this three credit-hour course, an average of nine hours per week is expected for all course-related activities, including classes. If most of the students are spending substantially more time, please notify the instructor. Schedule Week Principles Strategies – Case

Studies Assemblies

Week 1 – 06 May 20 Unit 1: Solar Power

Readings Solar + Systems Degradation balance: Fahey

Arch case study tbd

Thermodynamics Light Spectrum

Feedback Script Cavity Wall, Perforation Shading, light shelves

Week 2 – 13 May 20 Unit 1: Solar Power

Experiment: Harvesting Shielding Porosity / Filter Assignment 1 due: 14 May, 1pm

reading synopsis, experimental result

Conclusion, action points

Unit 2 Intro

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Week 3 - 20 May 20 Unit 2: Air and Pressure

Readings Air Pressure Systems Ant Hills - Wall Gradient

Arch case study tbd

Stack, Buoyancy, Natural Cooling, Convection

Feedback script Solar Chimney, Louvres, Earth Tubes,

Week 4 – 27 May 20 Unit 2: Air and Pressure

Experiment: Harvesting Shielding Porosity / Filter Assignment 2 due: 28 May, 1pm

reading synopsis, experimental result

Conclusion, action points

Unit 3 Intro

Week 5 – 03 June 20 Unit 3: Moisture Hydrology and balances

Readings Hydrology On Weathering, Surfaces and Skins

Arch case study tbd

Drainage Planes, Condensation, Humidity

Feedback script Hydronics, Geothermal, Ocean loop, Solar Aquatic

Week 6 – 10 June 20 Unit 3: Moisture Hydrology and balances

Experiment: Harvesting Shielding Porosity / Filter Assignment 3 due: 11 June, 1pm

reading synopsis, experimental result

Conclusion, action points

Unit 4 Intro

Week 7 – 17 June 20 Unit 4: The well-tempered microclimate

Readings Building Metabolism Phase Change (Delta T) Phenomena mapping

Arch case study tbd

Low Carbon Feedback script Wall assemblies Week 8 – 24 June 20 Unit 4: The well-tempered microclimate

Experiment: Harvesting Shielding Porosity / Filter Assignment 4 due: 07 July, 1pm

reading synopsis, experimental result

Conclusion, action points

Final Pres. Prep

(No Canada Day class) Week 9 – 08 July 20 Final Presentation

08 July, 2.30 – 5.30pm Portfolio Presentation

10 July, 1pm Portfolio Submission

*Student ratings of instruction will be scheduled during the last class in Week 9, prior to review week.

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Class Format Teams studio site for shared information and daily co-ordination; Zoom whiteboard tutorials, experiments, and reviews. Brightspace for official announcements, assignment submissions, and grading. Integration with Other Courses No co-requisite courses. Required Reading (list will be expanded with assignment hand-outs) Ford, Brian; Schiano-Phan, Rosa; Vallejo, Juan A. The Architecture of Natural Cooling, Second Edition. New York: Routledge, 2019. Corner, Donald B., Fillinger, Jan C., Kwok, Alison G. Passive House Details: Solutions for High-Performance Design. New York: Routledge, 2017. Meyer, Shawna Michelle, Meyer, Christopher Michael, Hemmendinger, Daniel. Pamphlet Architecture 36: Buoyant Clarity. New Haven: Princeton Architectural Press, 2018 Yeang, Ken. Saving The Planet By Design, Reinventing Our World Through Ecomimesis. New York: Routledge, 2019. Hausladen, G., Saldanha, M., and Liedl, P. Building to suit the climate: A handbook. Basel: Birkhauser. 2012

Moe, Kiel. Thermally Active Surfaces in Architecture. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2010

City of Copenhagen Report on Cloudburst proofing – Natural Drainage strategies

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Further References System and Structure Bachman, Leonard. Integrated Buildings, The Systems Basis of Architecture. New York: Wiley, 2003 Detail Garcia, Mark, Guest Editor: AD July/August 2014. Future Details of Architecture. London: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. General Moe, Kiel. Convergence: an Architectural Agenda for Energy. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2013. Schafer, R. Murray. Our Sonic Environment and The Soundscape. New York: Knopf, 1977 McCullough, Malcolm. Digital Ground: Architecture, Pervasive Computing, and Environmental Knowing. Boston: The MIT Press, 2005. ASSESSMENT Components and Evaluation A short description of components and their weights that will count toward the final grade. For each component, details will be provided in a separate assignment outline. Assignment 1: Solar Power 20% individual evaluated by instructor Assignment 2: Air Pressure 20% individual evaluated by instructor Assignment 3: Moisture Hydrology 20% individual evaluated by instructor Assignment 4: Well-tempered Mclim 20% individual evaluated by instructor Assignment 5: Portfolio 20% individual evaluated by instructor Attendance or Participation Requirements Except by prior permission or SDA, attendance in each class is mandatory. There will be a brief meeting at the beginning of each class session for student feedback. Participation in all reviews is mandatory.

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Mid-term Standing Oral feedback will be delivered with assignment reviews; the students expected to take notes and submit to the instructor. Written feedback will be delivered if a student is borderline or failing at that point. Guidelines for Citing Sources Chicago Manual of Style: Humanities Style (Author-Date Style). For details, see: Chicago quick guide: http://tinyurl.com/chicago-quick-guide Chicago Manual full guide: http://tinyurl.com/chicago-full

Chokkura Plaza and Shelter – Tochigi, Japan Kengo Kuma & Associates Submission of Assignments For each assignment, a PDF of the work is to be submitted to the corresponding Brightspace folder. Assignments 1 through 3 are due on Thursdays at 1pm, on the 14 May, 28 May, and 11 June. Work for the summary assignment 4 (to include relevant work from the previous assignments) will submitted the day before the presentation, 07 July, 1pm. The final Portfolio submission is on the 10 July, 1pm. Criteria and Standards for Assessment Standards will rely on the general descriptions in "University Grade Standards" below, unless otherwise stated in the assignment description. Group Assignments No group assignments. Grading Format The Course Instructor will review the final portfolio, after the assignments are reviewed. Final comments on the coursework will be given by request. Assignment grades will be issued privately to students, not posted.

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University Grade Standards (Graduate) The graduate grades below apply to the final grade for the course. Grades for individual assignments can include grades in the C and D range. Grade Grade Point Percent Definition A+ 4.30 90–100 Considerable evidence of original thinking; demonstrated

outstanding capacity to analyze, translate, and synthesize; outstanding grasp of subject matter; evidence of extensive knowledge base.

A 4.00 85–89 A– 3.70 80–84

B+ 3.30 77–79 Evidence of grasp of subject matter, some evidence of critical capacity, analytical ability, and creative translation; reasonable understanding of relevant issues; evidence of familiarity with the literature.

B 3.00 73–76 B– 2.70 70–72

F 0.00 0–69 Insufficient evidence of understanding of the subject matter; weakness in critical capacity, analytical skills and creative translation; limited or irrelevant use of the literature.

INC 0.00 Incomplete W neutral Withdrew after deadline ILL neutral Compassionate reasons, illness COURSE-SPECIFIC POLICIES Late Assignments or Missed Tests With a Student Declaration of Absence, a late assignment normally is accepted without a penalty. Without an SDA, the grade deduction per weekday is a third of a letter grade, e.g., from A to A–. Weekend days are not deducted. Academic Integrity Students are expected to submit original work. CACB Student Performance Criteria The MArch program enables students to achieve the accreditation standards set by the Canadian Architectural Certification Board. They are described at https://tinyurl.com/cacb-spc-2017 (pages 14–17). This Dalhousie ARCH course addresses the CACB criteria and standards that are noted on the "Accreditation" page of the School of Architecture website: https://tinyurl.com/dal-arch-spc.

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M Pavillion, Melbourne - Sean Godsell Architects

University Policies and Resources This course is governed by the academic rules and regulations set forth in the University Calendar and the Senate. See the School’s “Academic Regulations” page (http://tinyurl.com/dal-arch-regulations) for links to university policies and resources:

• Academic integrity • Accessibility • Code of student conduct • Diversity and inclusion; culture of respect • Student declaration of absence • Recognition of Mi'kmaq territory • Work safety • Services available to students, including writing support • Fair dealing guidelines (copyright) • Dalhousie University Library

Brian Lilley April 2020