Abstracts of UTM-Emerging Scientist Conference 2018 (UTM ... · Nor Raihan Mohamad Asimoni, Nurul Farahain Mohammad, Abdul Rahman Mohd Kasim and Sharidan Shafie 4 The independence

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Abstracts of UTM-Emerging Scientist Conference 2018 (UTM-ESCon2018)

Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Foreword

Foreword by Dean of Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

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Welcoming Remarks by Chairperson, 1st UTM-Emerging Scientist Conference 2018 (UTM-ESCon2018)

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Welcoming Message by Director, 1st UTM-Emerging Scientist Conference 2018 (UTM-ESCon2018)

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2 1st UTM-ESCon2018 Committee

Organizing Committee vi

Scientific Committee viii

3 About 1st UTM-ESCon2018 ix

4 1st UTM-ESCon2018 Conference

Keynote Speakers x

Workshop Speaker xii

List of Abstracts xiii

Abstracts 1-63

5 Acknowledgement

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FOREWORD from Patron

First of all, I would like express my deepest

gratitude to Almighty Allah for his great

blessings that we all have been given the

privilege of living in what I would call a

prestigious research institute, here in

University Teknologi Malaysia (UTM).

UTM Faculty of Science has always placed

great emphasis on postgraduate student’s

academic success and professional skills

development. I am therefore delighted to be

able to give my full support to this UTM-

Emerging Scientists Conference, which has

been organized by postgraduate students for

postgraduate students.

I believe that the conference would

offer the best opportunity for all researchers

to engage in serious discussions on the

selected topics between research postgraduate

students scholars in the field. I am confident

that the participants will be able to come up

with excellent and constructive ideas on ways

to manage and handle the respective issues

effectively. In line with theme, “Bridging

Scientific Minds Beyond Boundaries”, it is

hoped that the work that you share could be

beneficial to our social, economic and

natural resources through science and

technology especially in getting to grips with

the future challenges. I look forward to

hearing your perspectives on these ideas.

I would also like to thank all

participants and the organizing committee

of PGSSFS for making this event a successful

one. Hopefully, UTM-ESCon would continue

to be an annual meeting of postgraduate

students through which they can share and

exchange their knowledge, thus forging

stronger research network each year.

I wish you a successful conference.

PROF. DR. NORSARAHAIDA SAIDINA AMIN

Dean of Faculty of Science,

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.

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WELCOMING REMARKS by Chairperson

First of all, I would like express my deepest

gratitude to Almighty Allah for his great

blessings that we all have been given the

privilege of living in what I would call a

prestigious research institute, here in

University Teknologi Malaysia (UTM). UTM

Faculty of Science has always placed great

emphasis on postgraduate student’s academic

success and professional skills development. I

am therefore delighted to be able to give my

full support to this UTM-Emerging Scientists

Conference, which has been organized by

postgraduate students for postgraduate

students.

I believe that the conference would

offers the best opportunity for all researchers

to engage in serious discussions on the selected

topics between research postgraduate students

scholars in the field. I am confident that the

participants will be able to come up with

excellent and constructive ideas on ways to

manage and handle the respective issues

effectively. In line with theme, “Bridging

Scientific Minds Beyond Boundaries”, it is

hoped that the work that you share could be

beneficial to our social, economic and natural

resources through science and technology

especially in getting to grips with the future

challenges. I look forward to hearing your

perspectives on these ideas.

I would also like to thank all

participants and the organizing committees of

PGSSFS for making this event a successful one.

Hopefully, UTM-ESCon would continue to be

an annual meeting of postgraduate students

through which they can share and exchange

their knowledge, thus forging stronger

research network each year.

I wish you a successful conference.

PROF. DR. WAN AINI WAN IBRAHIM

Chaiperson,

1st

UTM-Emerging Scientist Conference 2018

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WELCOMING MESSAGE by Director

With gratitude to the Almighty God who

had made today a reality in our lives, I

humbly welcome all delegates to the first

UTM-Emerging Scientists Conference (1st

UTM-ESCon 2018). In line with the theme

of the conference, “Bridging Scientific

Minds Beyond Boundaries”, 1st UTM-

ESCon 2018 is targeted to gather highly

talented and innovative young researchers

and academicians in the field of sciences

to share their wealth of knowledge and

research experience with colleagues,

consequently, establishing research

network.

The success of 1st UTM-ESCon

2018 relies entirely on the dedication,

passion and the team work of the

organizing committee in collaboration with

the sponsors who have put much efforts

into the planning and running of this event.

Without hesitation therefore, I express my

profound appreciation to each and

everyone for their contributions.

Keeping in mind that a worthy

research is not only one that is presented

but also published, selected manuscripts

will be published in Malaysian Journal of

Fundamental and Applied Sciences

(MJFAS), The Malaysian Journal of

Analytical Sciences (MJAS) or

Malaysian Journal of Industrial and

Applied Mathematics (MATEMATIKA).

I wish this conference will serve as

the much needed platform and hopefully,

this continuum of ISPC legacy will go on

to bring scientific minds together in future

installments. Do have a great time!

RASVINI RAJENDRAN

Director,

1st

UTM-Emerging Scientist Conference 2018



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1ST UTM-ESCON 2018 ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

HONORARY ADVISOR Prof. Dr. Norsarahaida Saidina Amin

Dean, Faculty of Science

ORGANIZING CHAIRMAN Prof. Dr. Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim

Advisor, PGSSFS 2017/2018

DIRECTOR Rasvini Rajendran

VICE DIRECTOR Amira Fadina binti Ahmad Fadzil

SECRETARY Siti Aisyah binti Jupri

TREASURER Athirah binti Zulkarnain

PUBLICATION AND PROCEEDING COMMITEE Amira Fadina binti Ahmad Fadzil

Nur Idayu binti Alimon

Fasihah binti Zulkiflee

PUBLICITY AND PROMOTION COMMITTEE Mohd Haziq Dzulkifli

Siti Musliha binti Aishah Musa



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VENUE AND EQUIPMENT COMMITTEE Norhafizuddin bin Husein

Natalie Vanessa Boyou

ON-SITE SECRETARIAT Wan Nor Zaleha binti Amin

Aida Rasyidah binti Azman

Nur Azzanizawaty binti Yahya

PROTOCOL & EVENT MANAGEMENT Nissha Bharrathi Romes

Syariffah Nuratiqah binti Syed Yaacob

Fatin Najihah Nor binti Mohd Hussin

Uchenna Regina Ezeilo

Emmanuel Onoja

FOOD & BEVERAGE Nabilah binti Najmuddin

SOUVENIR & CERTIFICATE COMMITTEE Aqilahfarhana binti Abdul Rahman

Nur Azura binti Noor Azhuan



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1ST UTM-ESCON 2018 SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE

CHAIR OF SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Prof. Dr. Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim

COMMITTEE MEMBERS

CHEMISTRY Dr. Aemi Syazwani Abdul Keyon

Dr. Sheela Chandren

Dr. Norazah Basar

Dr. Siti Aminah Setu@Sabtu

MATHEMATICS Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sharidan Shafie

Dr. Mohd Ariff Bin Admon

Dr. Amidora Idris

Dr. Hazzirah Izzati binti Mat Hassim

Dr. Fuaada Mohd Siam

PHYSICS Dr. Ezza Syuhada Binti Sazali

Dr. Koh Meng Hock

BIOSCIENCES AND HEALTH SCIENCES Dr. Mohd Firdaus Abdul Wahab



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ABOUT 1ST UTM-ESCON 2018

“Bridging Scientific Minds Beyond Boundaries”

After a series of successful conferences organized by the Post Graduate Student

Society Faculty of Science (PGSSFS) and Faculty of Science in collaboration with the

School of Graduate Studies (SPS), the annually held International Science

Postgraduate Conference (ISPC) returns once again for the sixth time in May 2018 but

with a bigger twist! Rebranded as the UTM-Emerging Scientist Conference (UTM-

ESCon), this time around the conference is not only expanding its scope but also

offering a virtual conference enabling more participants to join the conference without

the hustle of travelling and time restriction.

Being a continuum of its predecessor, ISPC was initially organized to serve as a

platform for fellow postgraduates specializing in the field of science to share their

findings and works thus its name International Science Postgraduate Conference.

Today, we have reached out to more than just postgraduates as each year opens up to

more submissions from academicians and researchers thus initiating rebranding inline

with the evolution.



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KEYNOTE SPEAKER 1



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KEYNOTE SPEAKER 2



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PUBLICATION WORKSHOP SPEAKER



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LIST OF ABSTRACTS

MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES

ID NO ABSTRACT TITLE & AUTHORS PAGE

1 The distribution of extreme share return in different Malaysian economic

circumstances

1

Marsani Fadhil, Ani Shabri and Norafiz Maselan

3 Unsteady MHD free convective flow past a vertical plate: An automated

solution approach

2

Nor Raihan Mohamad Asimoni, Nurul Farahain Mohammad, Abdul Rahman

Mohd Kasim and Sharidan Shafie

4 The independence and clique polynomial of the conjugacy class graph of

dihedral groups

3

Nabilah Najmuddin, Nor Haniza Sarmin and Ahmad Erfanian

5 Mixed convection boundary layer flow of viscoelastic nanofluid past a

horizontal circular cylinder with convective boundary condition in presence

of heat generation

4

Rahimah Mahat, Noraihan Afiqah Rawi, Abdul Rahman Mohd Kasim

and Sharidan Shafie

8 Integration of genetic algorithm with FEEMD models for forecasting

electricity datasets

5

Nuramirah Akrom and Zuhaimy Ismail

9 The conjugacy classes of a 3-generator 5-group and some related graphs 6

Alia Husna Mohd Noor and Nor Haniza Sarmin

10 Topological indices of non-commuting graph of dihedral groups 7

Nur Idayu Alimon, Nor Haniza Sarmin and Ahmad Erfanian

12 Static Watson-crick regular grammar 8

Aqilahfarhana Abdul Rahman, Wan Heng Fong, Nor Haniza Sarmin, Sherzod

Turaev and Nurul Liyana Mohamad Zulkufli



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13 Generalisations of splicing languages in DNA splicing systems involving

two palindromic restriction enzymes

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Nurul Izzaty Ismail, Wan Heng Fong and Nor Haniza Sarmin

14 Forced convection of micropolar fluid on a stretching or shrinking surface of

another quiescent fluid

10

Nurazleen Abdul Majid, Nurul Farahain Mohammad, Abdul Rahman Mohd

Kasim and Sharidan Shafie

15 Energy of Cayley graphs for symmetric group of order six 11

Amira Fadina Ahmad Fadzil, Nor Haniza Sarmin and Ahmad Erfanian

16 Review on geographically weighted regression approach in spatial analysis 12

Ayuna Sulekan and Shariffah Suhaila Syed Jamaludin

20 g-Jitter free convection flow of nanofluid in the three-dimensional stagnation

point region

13

Mohamad Hidayad Ahmad Kamal, Anati Ali and Sharidan Shafie

21 Modelling the changes in the El Niño southern oscillation indices using

functional data analysis with application to the climate phenomenon

14

Norazraai Nordin and Shariffah Suhaila Syed Jamaludin

27 The depolarization factors for ellipsoids and some of their properties 15

Nurhazirah Mohamad Yunos, Taufiq Khairi Ahmad Khairuddin, Sharidan Shafie,

Tahir Ahmad, William R. B. Lionheart

28 MHD effect on unsteady mixed convection boundary layer flow past a

sphere with constant heat flux

16

Mohamad Alif Ismail, Nurul Farahain Mohammad and Sharidan Shafie

29 Non-transformed dimensionality reduction technique on daily nonstationary

stock market price in healthcare sector

17

Yusrina Andu, Muhammad Hisyam Lee and Zakariya Yahya Algamal

32 The conjugacy class graphs of non-abelian 3-groups 18

Athirah Zulkarnain, Nor Haniza Sarmin and Hazzirah Izzati Mat Hassim

43 Unsteady g-jitter fully developed heat transfer by mixed convection flow in a

vertical channel with constant heat flux

19

Wan Nor Zaleha Amin, Ahmad Qushairi Mohammad and Sharidan Shafie



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46 Unsteady free convection flow between two parallel plates with newtonian

heating

20

Fasihah Zulkiflee, Ahmad Qushairi Mohammad, Sharidan Shafie and

Arshad Khan

62 Analytical approximation solution for logistic delay differential equation 21

Nurul Atiqah Talib and Normah Maan

65 New nonlinear conjugate gradient coefficient for large-scale unconstrained

optimization with strong Wolfe-powell line search condition

22

Ibrahim Abdullahi and Rohanin Ahmad

73 The role of an option-implied distribution in improving an asset allocation

model

23

Hafizah Bahaludin and Mimi Hafizah Abdullah

75 Symmetric periodic fourier series using pentagonal fuzzy number 24

Pathinathan and Anita Dolorosa

76 Mathematical analysis of plankton population dynamics 25

Fatin Nadiah Yussof, Normah Maan and Nadzri Md. Reba

82 Generalized linear models on the existence of stress among undergraduate

students in a public university in Malaysia

26

Ina Nur Hazirah Samudin, Haliza Abd Rahman and Zarina Mohd Khalid



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BIOLOGY


49 Antibacterial and cytotoxicity studies of amine-functionalized zeolite Y 27

Muhammad Hariz Asraf, Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik Malek, Nor Suriani Sani,

Khairunadwa Jemon, Siti Nabihan Ishak, Atieya Abdul Hadi and Muhammad

Zulhilmi Amir Awaluddin

55 Simultaneous action of surfactant modified clinoptilolite: adsorbent of dyes

and antibacterial agent

29

Muhammad Syafiq Abd Aziz, Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik Malek, Siti Nabihan Ishak,

Muhammad Hariz Asraf, Atieya Abdul Hadi and Muhammad Zulhilmi Amir

Awaluddin

59 Adsorption of gentamicin on organo-kaolinite and its antibacterial activity 30

Lim Chai Hui, Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik Malek, Muhammad Zulhilmi Amir

Awaluddin, Muhammad Hariz Asraf, Siti Nabihan Ishak and Atieya Abdul Hadi

61 Medium-chain-length-poly-3-hydroxyalkanoates-pegma-functionalized

multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite as anode modifier to improve

electrochemical activities of microbial fuel cell

31

Hindatu Yusuf and Mohamad Suffian Mohamad Annuar

63 Antibacterial activity of copper exchanged zeolite y from rice husk ash 32

Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik Malek, Nurul Ain Azid, Atieya Abdul Hadi, Siti Nabihan

Ishak, Muhammad Hariz Asraf Hassan and Muhammad Zulhilmi Amir Awaluddin

80 Quality, phenolic compound and antioxidant activity of wines from sangyod

rice, paddy and husk during fermentation

33

Vilailak Klompong



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PHYSICS


2 Tunable passively q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser using exfoliated

MOS2 as saturable absorber

34

Siti Aisyah Reduan and Harith Ahmad

6 Study of two-dimensional plane profile monitoring using multi-pixel photon

counter

35

Nor Aisyah Zawawi, Izyan Hazwani Hashim and Yung Szen Yap

11 Synthesis of silica nanoparticles by sol-gel : the effect of various amount of

catalyst

36

Farah Shahirah Norazmi, Kashif Chaudhary and Jalil Ali

18 Poverty sequestration using sawdust biomass energy in Nigeria 37

Umar Aliyu Abubakar, Khaidzir Hamzah, Muneer Aziz Mohammed Saleh,

Muhammad Zin Muhammad Rawi, Amiruddin Shaari, Nasi Isa Fagge, Bashir

Danladi Jatau and Sibkrishna Ghashal

24 Liquid media regulated growth of cinnamon nanoparticles: Absorption and

emission traits

38

Ali Aqeel Salim, Sib Krishna Ghoshal, Noriah Bidin and Hazri Bakhtiar

30 Improvement of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy signal for sodium

chloride solution

39

Hanin Athirah Harun and Roslinda Zainal

56 Isolator-free, widely tunable thulium/holmium fiber laser 40

Anir Syazwan Sharbirin, Mohammad Faizal Ismail and Harith Ahmad

58 Hydrophobic zinc-tellurite glass surface as self-cleaning vehicle: Interplay

amid SIO2 and TEO2

41

Siti Nur Nazhirah Mazlan, Sib Krishna Ghoshal and Ramli Arifin

60 Controlled physical and optical traits of magnesium-zinc-sulphophosphate

glass: role of europium ions

42

Ibrahim Mohammed Danmalam, Sib Krishna Ghosal, Ramli Arifin, Siti Aishah

Jupri and Sunita Sharma



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74 Investigation of VTP:PC71BM organic composite as highly responsive

organic photodetector

43

Nur Adilah Roslan, Shahino Mah Abdullah, Wan Haliza Abd Majid and Azzuliani

Supangat

84 Mapping of turbulent round jet developing region using a constant

temperature anemometer (CTA)

44

Yaacob Mohd Rusdy, Schlander Rasmus, Buchhave Preben and Velte Clara



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CHEMISTRY


19 PEGylated oleic acid- lecithin liposomes (POLL) for the treatment of lung

cancer A549

45

Vicit Rizal Eh Suk and Misni Misran

25 Synthesis, photophysical and antibacterial study of polymeric

photosensitizers

46

Mohamad Faiz Othman, Mohd Bakri Bakar and Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik Malek

26 Scavenging activity of isolated compounds from the leaves of scurrula

parasitica

47

Zairunnisa Ahmad Zainudin, Shajarahtunnur Jamil and Muhammad Kamal

Ja’afar

33 The analysis of consumer firecracker using FTIR spectroscopy 48

Mohammed Izzharif Abdul Halim, Sarah Othman, Mohd Muzamir Mahat and Umi

Kalsum Abdul Karim

34 Analysis of ink on paper using ATR-FTIR 49

Mohammed Izzharif Abdul Halim and Sarah Nadhirah Hasrin Rathi

35 The effectiveness of 3-aminophenol as substitute in modified griess test for

the detection of gunshot residue

50

Siti Nurhazlin Jaluddin, Mohamed Izzharif Abdul Halim and Umi Kalsum Abdul

Karim

39 Spectroscopic identification of triterpenoid esters isolated from the leaves of

globimetula braunii (engler) van tiegh

51

Muhammad Kamal Ja'afar, Shajarahtunnur Jamil and Norazah Basar

41 Priminary investigation on a treated water for a purication of waste water 52

Nyiak-Tao Tang, Luck-Pheng Tan, Misni Misran and Chut-Ngeow Yee

44 Silica coated magnetic sporopollenin supported tetrakis (4-hydroylphenyl)

porphyrin (THPP) for sustainable removal of cadmium from aqueous

environment.

53

Abdul Aziz Mohd Hassan, Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim and Mohammed Bakri Bakar



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47 The study on the effectiveness of zeolite in acid mine drainage treatment 54

Azli Sulaiman, Anuar Othman and Ismail Ibrahim

50 Comparative preliminary phytochemical investigation from the leaves, root

bark and root core (heartwood) of deinbollia pinnata (poir.) Schumach. &

thonn plant

55

Yakubu Rufai and Norazah Basar

64 Synthesis of phosphorescent trinuclear gold(I) pyrazolate complex bearing

hydrophobic azobenzene side-chains for development of multiresponsive

photochromic compounds

56

Cheow Kat Goh, Hendrik Oktendy Lintang, Siew Ling Lee and Leny Yuliati

68 Biosynthesis of copper (II) oxide nanoparticles using murayya koeniggi leaf

extract and its catalytic activity in 4-nitrophenol reduction

58

Nurulhuda Raja Nordin and Mustaffa Shamsuddin Shamsuddin

69 Biosynthesized gold nanoparticles supported on magnetic chitosan matrix as

catalyst for reduction of 4-nitrophenol

59

Norfazreen Saffee, Mustaffa Shamsuddin and Khairil Juhanni Abd Karim

77 Effects of citric acid on the surface area and photocatalytic activity of

LAFeO3 nanoparticle prepared by glucose-based gel combustion methods

60

Norsyazwani Yahya, Farhana Aziz, Mika Angelika O Enriquez, A. Jamaluddin,

Muhd Arif Aizat, Juhana Jaafar, W.J.Lau, Norhaniza Yusof, Wan Norhayati Wan

Salleh and Ahmad Fauzi Ismail

78 Photocatalytic degradation of phenol by LAFeO3 nanocrystalline

synthesized by gel combustion method via citric acid route

61

Muhd Arif Aizat, Farhana Aziz, Mohd Nazri Mohd Sokri, Muhammad Syamim

Sahimi, Norsyazwani Yahya, Juhana Jaafar, Wan Norhayati Wan Salleh,

Norhaniza Yusof and Ahmad Fauzi Ismail

79 The effect of incorporation of layered double hydroxide into thin film

nanocomposite nanofiltration membrane for divalent salts filtration

62

Muhammad Hanis Tajuddin, Norhaniza Yusof, Mohd Saiful Adzhar M Sariff, Wan

Norharyati Wan Salleh and Ahmad Fauzi Ismail

81 Combination of sensory, chromatographic and chemometric analysis of

VOCs for the discrimination of authentic and inauthentic harumanis mango

63

Siti Raihan Zakaria, Norashikin Saim and Rozita Osman



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Mathematical Sciences

ID 01

THE DISTRIBUTION OF EXTREME SHARE RETURN IN

DIFFERENT MALAYSIAN ECONOMIC CIRCUMSTANCES

Muhammad Fadhil Marsani*1, Ani Shabri 2, and Norafiz Maselan 3

1, 2 Department of Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,

81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia. 3 Department of Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,

81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia.

(E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected])

To study how economic cycle affects extreme stock return activity we evaluated the

performance of probability distribution in the various financial period. Malaysian stock price

KLSE data from 1994-2008 were split into three economy periods correspond to the growth,

financial crisis, and the recovery. Four prevalent distributions specifically generalized lambda

distribution (GLD), generalized extreme value (GEV), generalized logistic (GLO), and

generalized pareto (GPA) are employed to model weekly and monthly maximum minimum

Kuala Lumpur Composite Index (KLSE) share returns. The L-moment approach used to

estimate the parameter and k-sample Anderson darling test measure the goodness of fit

estimation. In conclusion, GLD is the most appropriate distribution representing a weekly

maximum minimum return for overall three economic scenarios in Malaysia.

Key words: Extreme share returns, K-sample anderson-darling tests, Kuala lumpur composite index,

L-moments, value-at-risk (VaR)



2

ID 03

UNSTEADY MHD FREE CONVECTIVE FLOW PAST A VERTICAL

PLATE: AN AUTOMATED SOLUTION APPROACH

Nor Raihan Mohamad Asimoni*1, Nurul Farahain Mohammad 2 , Abdul Rahman Mohd

Kasim 3 and Sharidan Shafie 4

1, 2 Department of Computational and Theoretical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Science,

International Islamic University, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. 3 Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, 26300

Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. 4 Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University Teknologi Malaysia,

81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.

(E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected],

[email protected])

The case of unsteady two-dimensional laminar free convection flow over a vertical plate by

an incompressible viscous fluid is analysed in the presence of uniform magnetic field

perpendicular to the flow. The governing equations in a vector form are transformed into

non-dimensional form. Then, the dimensionless equations are solved using automated

solution technique which is FEniCS. The effects of magnetic parameter on the velocity and

temperature profiles are obtained and discussed in this paper.

Key words: Unsteady state, MHD, vertical plate, FEniCS



3

ID 04

THE INDEPENDENCE AND CLIQUE POLYNOMIAL OF THE

CONJUGACY CLASS GRAPH OF DIHEDRAL GROUPS

Nabilah Najmuddin*1, Nor Haniza Sarmin2, Ahmad Erfanian3 and Hamisan Rahmat4

1, 2 Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,

81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.. 3 Department of Mathematics and Center of Excellence in Analysis on Algebraic Structures,

Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 9177948974 Mashhad, Iran.


The independence and clique polynomial are two types of graph polynomial that store

combinatorial information of a graph. The independence polynomial of a graph is the

polynomial in which its coefficients are the number of independent sets in the graph. The

independent set of a graph is a set of vertices that are not adjacent. The clique polynomial of

a graph is the polynomial in which its coefficients are the number of cliques in the graph. The

clique of a graph is a set of vertices that are adjacent. Meanwhile, a graph of group G is

called conjugacy class graph if the vertices are noncentral conjugacy classes of G and two

distinct vertices are connected if and only if their class cardinalities are not coprime. The

independence and clique polynomial of the conjugacy class graph of a group G can be

obtained by considering the polynomials of complete graph or polynomials of union of some

graphs. In this research, the independence and clique polynomial of the conjugacy class graph

of dihedral group are determined.

Key words: Independence polynomial, clique polynomial, conjugacy class graph, dihedral group



4

ID 05

MIXED CONVECTION BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW OF

VISCOELASTIC NANOFLUID PAST A HORIZONTAL CIRCULAR

CYLINDER WITH CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY CONDITION IN

PRESENCE OF HEAT GENERATION

Rahimah Mahat*1, Noraihan Afiqah Rawi 2, Abdul Rahman Mohd Kasim 3 and

Sharidan Shafie 4

1 Technical Foundation, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Industrial

Technology Malaysia, Persiaran Sinaran Ilmu, 81750 Johor Bahru, Johor. 2,4 Mathematics Department, Faculty Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor

Bahru, Johor. 3 Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300, Gambang Kuantan, Pahang


[email protected])

The steady two-dimensional mixed convection boundary layer flow of viscoelastic nanofluid

past a horizontal circular cylinder with convective boundary condition in presence of heat

generation has been studied numerically. Carboxymethyl cellulose solution (CMC) is chosen

as the base fluid and copper as a nanoparticle with the Prandtl number Pr = 6.2. The Tiwari

and Das model has been considered in this study. The governing partial differential equations

are reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations by introducing similarity

transformations. The nonlinear similarity equations are solved numerically by applying the

Keller-box method. The numerical results are presented graphically for different values of the

parameters including the heat generation parameter, nanoparticles volume fraction, and Biot

number. A systematic study is discussed to analyze the effect of these parameters on the

velocity and temperature profiles as well as the skin friction and heat transfer coefficient. The

thermal boundary layer shows the changes in variation behavior when the nanoparticles

volume fraction, heat generation and Biot number are increased. Heat transfer coefficient is

increasing function of heat generation parameter. Nanoparticles volume fraction on heat

transfer coefficient have opposite effect when compared with heat generation parameter.

Key words: Mixed convection, viscoelastic, nanofluid, convective boundary condition, heat

generation



5

ID 08

INTEGRATION OF GENETIC ALGORITHM WITH FEEMD MODELS

FOR FORECASTING ELECTRICITY DATASETS

Nuramirah Akrom*1 and Zuhaimy Ismail 2

1, 2 Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences,Universiti Teknologi

Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.

(E-mail: [email protected], [email protected])

Fast ensemble empirical mode decomposition (FEEMD), a comparably the newness form of

time-series decomposition and has the feature of can be adaptively decomposed any chaotic

and irregular patterns of dataset. However, the determination process of the the two critical

parameters inside FEEMD algorithm, which are the stoping criterion in the sifting process

and the number of ensemble trials are difficult to calculate and time consuming. To solve

these problems, an integration of GA into FEEMD sifting process is proposed in this paper.

GA is used to optimized these two parameters, and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE)

acted as an objective function in GA. A monthly electricity demand and sales electricity

datasets are employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of this integration model. The

experimental results reveals the superiority of the proposed method and give high forecast

performances, compared to the SARIMA and ANN methods.

Key words: Forecasting, genetic algorithm, fast ensemble empirical mode decomposition (FEEMD),

stoping criterion, number of ensemble trials



6

ID 09

THE CONJUGACY CLASSES OF A 3-GENERATOR 5-GROUP AND

SOME RELATED GRAPHS

Alia Husna Mohd Noor*1, Nor Haniza Sarmin 2 and Hamisan Rahmat 3

1,2,3 Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor,

Malaysia.


The study on conjugacy class has started since 1968. A conjugacy class is defined as an

equivalence class under the equivalence relation of being conjugate. In this research, let G be

a 3-generator 5-group and the scope of the graphs is a simple undirected graph. This paper

will be focused on the determination of the conjugacy classes of 3-generator 5-group where

the set omega is the subset of all commuting elements in the group. The elements of the

group with order 5 will be identified from the group presentation. The pair of elements will

be formed in the form of (a, b) which is size two where a and b commute. In addition, the

results on conjugacy classes of 3-generator 5-group will be applied into graph theory. The

determination of the set omega is important in the computation of conjugacy classes in order

to find the generalized conjugacy class graph and orbit graph. The group action that will be

considered to compute the conjugacy classes is conjugation action. Based on the

computation, the generalized conjugacy class graph and orbit graph turned out to be a

complete graph.

Key words: Conjugacy class, generalized conjugacy class graph, orbit graph.



7

ID 10

TOPOLOGICAL INDICES OF NON-COMMUTING GRAPH OF

DIHEDRAL GROUPS

Nur Idayu Alimon*1, Nor Haniza Sarmin2 and Ahmad Erfanian3

1, 2 Department of Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru,Johor,

Malaysia.

3 Department of Mathematics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

(E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] )

Assume G is a non-abelian group which consists of the set of vertices, 𝑉 = {𝑣1, 𝑣2, . . , 𝑣𝑛} and

the set of edges, 𝐸 = {𝑒1, 𝑒, . . , 𝑒𝑛}. Dihedral group is the group of symmetries of a regular

polygon, which includes rotations and reflections. The noncommuting graph of G denoted by

Γ𝐺 is the graph of vertex set 𝑍 − 𝑍(𝐺) whose vertices are non-central elements, in which

𝑍(𝐺) is the center of 𝐺 and two distinct vertices 𝑣1, and 𝑣2 are joined by an edge if and only

if 𝑣1𝑣2 ≠ 𝑣2𝑣1. In addition, Wiener index W(Γ𝐺) is the sum of the half of the smallest

distances between all pairs of vertices of connected graph. Meanwhile, First Zagreb index,

𝑀1( 𝛤𝐺) is equal to the sum of squares of the degrees of the vertices and Second Zagreb

index is the sum of the products of the degrees of adjacent vertices. Degrees of vertices,

denoted by deg (𝑣𝑖) is defined as the number of edges through vertex 𝑣𝑖 where 𝑖 = 1, … , 𝑛.

All of the indices that mentioned above have a very close connection and applications in

Chemistry where the graph is actually represent the molecular structure, the vertices represent

the atoms and the edges represent the bond between the atoms. In this paper, some of

topological indices of the non-commuting graph, Γ𝐺 of dihedral groups, 𝐷2𝑛 are presented. In

order to determine the Wiener index, First Zagreb index and Second Zagreb index of the

noncommuting graph, Γ𝐺 of dihedral groups, 𝐷2𝑛 previous results of some of the topological

indices of non-commuting graph of finite group are used. Then, the noncommuting graphs of

dihedral groups of different orders are found. Finally, the generalisation of Wiener index,

First Zagreb index and Second Zagreb index of the noncommuting graphs of dihedral groups

are determined.

Key words: Wiener index, Zagreb index, Non-commuting graph, Dihedral group



8

ID 12

STATIC WATSON-CRICK REGULAR GRAMMAR

Aqilahfarhana Abdul Rahman*1, Wan Heng Fong

2, Nor Haniza Sarmin

3, Sherzod

Turaev4 and Nurul Liyana Mohamad Zulkufli

5

1, 2,3 Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor

Bahru, Malaysia. 4,5 Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Information and Communication Technology,

International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

(Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected],

[email protected])

DNA computing, or more generally, molecular computing, is a recent development at the

interface of computer science and molecular biology. In DNA computing, many

computational models have been proposed in the framework of formal language theory and

automata such as Watson-Crick grammars and sticker systems. A Watson-Crick grammar is a

grammar model that generates double stranded strings, whereas a sticker system is a DNA

computing model of the ligation and annealing operations over DNA strands using the

Watson-Crick complementarity to form a complete double stranded DNA sequence. Most of

the proposed DNA computing models make use of this concept, including the Watson-Crick

grammars and sticker systems. Watson-Crick grammars and their variants can be explored

using formal language theory which allows the development of new concepts of Watson-

Crick grammars. In this research, a new variant of Watson-Crick grammar called a static

Watson-Crick regular grammar is introduced as an analytical counterpart of sticker systems.

The computation of a sticker system starts from a given set of incomplete double stranded

sequence to form a complete double stranded sequence. Here, a static Watson-Crick regular

grammar differs from a dynamic Watson-Crick regular grammar in generating double

stranded strings: the latter grammar produces each strand string “independently” and only

check for the Watson-Crick complementarity of a generated complete double stranded string

at the end, while the former grammar generates both strand strings “dependently”, i.e.,

checking for the Watson-Crick complementarity for each complete substring. In this paper,

computational properties of static Watson-Crick regular grammars are investigated to

correlate with the Chomsky hierarchy and hierarchy of the families of dynamic Watson-

Crick regular languages. The relationship between families of languages generated by static

Watson- Crick regular grammars with several variants of sticker systems, Watson-Crick

regular grammars and Chomsky grammars are presented by showing the hierarchy.

Key words: Sticker system, Watson-Crick grammar, static Watson-Crick grammar, computational

power, Chomsky hierarchy



9

ID 13

GENERALISATIONS OF SPLICING LANGUAGES IN DNA SPLICING

SYSTEMS INVOLVING TWO PALINDROMIC RESTRICTION

ENZYMES

Nurul Izzaty Ismail*1, Wan Heng Fong2 and Nor Haniza Sarmin3

1, 2,3 Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi

Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.


DNA splicing system is initiated by Head to mathematically model a relation between formal

language theory and DNA molecules. In DNA splicing systems, DNA molecules are cut and

recombined in specific ways with the existence of enzymes, which are also known as

endonucleases, to produce further molecules. The resulting molecules are depicted as splicing

languages by using formal languages theory. Formal language theory is a study on a set of

finite strings of symbols or language over an alphabet in which some formation rules can be

applied in DNA splicing system. In the mathematical modelling of a splicing system,

nitrogenous bases, nucleotides and cleavage pattern of restriction enzymes are denoted as

alphabets, strings and rules respectively. The rule for the cleavage pattern of a restriction

enzyme consists of a triple; left context, crossing and right context. A sequence of restriction

enzyme that reads the same forward and backward is called as a palindromic rule. As

extensions to the modelling of Head’s splicing system, several models have been introduced

in the literature review, namely Paun’s, Pixton’s and Yusof-Goode’s splicing system.

Previously, researches on different types of splicing languages resulting from different

models of DNA splicing system have been done. In this research, generalisations of splicing

languages resulting from DNA splicing systems with two non-overlapping cutting sites of

palindromic restriction enzymes are determined using Head’s splicing system. The splicing

languages for DNA splicing systems involving two palindromic rules with same and different

crossings are generalised and given as theorems. These two theorems present the language

that consists of a set of strings generated from DNA splicing systems in the form of double

stranded DNA sequences. Both theorems are proved using induction method. The results

from this research are beneficial for researchers in the field of DNA computing since it

contributes to the development of splicing languages generated from DNA splicing systems

with different palindromic restriction enzymes by using these generalisations.

Key words: splicing language; formal language theory; palindromic; restriction enzyme; splicing

system.



10

ID 14

FORCED CONVECTION OF MICROPOLAR FLUID ON A

STRETCHING OR SHRINKING SURFACE OF ANOTHER

QUIESCENT FLUID

Nurazleen Abdul Majid*1, Nurul Farahain Mohammad 2 , Abdul Rahman Mohd

Kasim3 and Sharidan Shafie 4


International Islamic University, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. 3 Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, 26300

Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. 4 Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University Teknologi Malaysia,

81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.


[email protected])

In this paper, the problem of forced convection flow of micropolar fluid of lighter density

impinging orthogonally on another heavier density of micropolar fluid on a stretching or

shrinking surface is investigated. The boundary layer governing equations are transformed

from partial differential equations into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations

using similarity transformation and solved numerically. The velocity profile, skin friction,

microrotation and temperature of micropolar fluid are analyzed.

Key words: Micropolar fluid , stretching or shrinking, quiescent fluid, forced convection



11

ID 15

ENERGY OF CAYLEY GRAPHS FOR SYMMETRIC GROUP OF

ORDER SIX

Amira Fadina Ahmad Fadzil*1, Nor Haniza Sarmin2 and Ahmad Erfanian3

1, 2 Department of Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor

Bahru,Johor,Malaysia. 3 Department of Mathematics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.


Let 𝐺 be a finite group and 𝑆 be a Cayley subset of 𝐺 where 𝑆 does not include the identity of

𝐺 and is inverse closed. A Cayley graph of a finite group 𝐺 with respect to the set 𝑆 is a graph

where its vertices are the elements of 𝐺 and two vertices 𝑎 and 𝑏 in 𝐺 are connected if 𝑎𝑏−1 is

in the set 𝑆. The Cayley graph of 𝐺 with respect to the set 𝑆 has valency of order 𝑆 and the set

𝑆 is a generating set if and only if the Cayley graph is connected. In addition, an adjacency

matrix of a graph is a square matrix where its entries are either 0 or 1. The entries 𝑖𝑗-th of an

adjacency matrix is 1 if there an edge between vertices 𝑖 and 𝑗 and 0 otherwise. From the

adjacency matrix of the graph, the eigenvalues can be found by finding its characteristic

polynomial. The adjacency spectrum of a graph is the multiset of the eigenvalues of its

adjacency matrix and the energy of a graph is the sum of all absolute values of the

eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix. In this paper, we determine the spectrum of Cayley

graphs with respect to subset 𝑆 of symmetric group of order 3, with valency 0 to 5 where the

graphs are undirected and have no loops. We also compute the energy of the respected

Cayley graphs of 𝑆3. Key words: Energy of graph, spectrum, adjacency matrix, cayley graph, symmetric group



12

ID 16

REVIEW ON GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION

APPROACH IN SPATIAL ANALYSIS

Ayuna Sulekan*1 and Shariffah Suhaila Syed Jamaludin2


Skudai, Malaysia


In spatial analysis, it is important to identify the nature of relationship that exist between

variables. Normally, it is done by estimating parameters with observations which taken from

different spatial units that across a study area where parameters are assumed to be constant

across space. However, this is not so as the spatial non-stationarity is a condition in which a

simple model cannot explain the relationship between some sets of variables. The nature of

the model must alter over space to reflect the structure within the data. Non-stationarity

means that the relationship between variables under study varies from one location to another

depending on physical factors of the environment that are spatially autocorrelated.

Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) is a technique in which it applied to capture the

variation by calibrating a multiple regression model, which allows different relationships to

exist at different points in space. A robust algorithm has been successfully used in spatial

analysis. GWR can theoretically integrate geographical location, altitude, and other factors

for spatial analysis estimations, and reflects the non-stationary spatial relationship between

these variables. The main goal of this study is to review the potential of the GWR in

modelling the spatial relationship between variables either dependent or independent and its

used as the spatial prediction models. Based on the application of GWR such as house

property indicates that GWR is the best model in estimating the parameters. Hence, from the

GWR model, the significance of the variation can also be tested.

Key words: Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR), Spatial Modelling, Spatial Non-

stationarity.



13

ID 20

g-JITTER FREE CONVECTION FLOW OF NANOFLUID IN THE

THREE-DIMENSIONAL STAGNATION POINT REGION

Mohamad Hidayad Ahmad Kamal*1, Anati Ali 2 and Sharidan Shafie 3

1,2,3 Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi

Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia.


The unsteady free convection boundary layer flow near a three dimensional stagnation point

of viscous nanofluid with the effect of g-jitter is studied in this paper. Copper (Cu) and

aluminium oxide (Al2O3) types of water base nanofluid were choose with the Prandtl number,

Pr = 6.2. Based on Tiwari-Das nanofluid model, the governing boundary layer equation is

transformed into non-dimensional form by using suitable non-dimensional variables and

solved numerically using an implicit finite-difference scheme known as Keller-box method.

The behavior of fluid flow such as skin friction and rate of heat transfer are studied by the

controlled parameters including forcing amplitude, forcing frequency and nanoparticles

volume fraction. The reduced skin friction and heat transfer rates are presented graphically

and discussed for different values of principal curvatures ratio at the nodal point. The

numerical results show that, the values of heat transfer rate increases with the presence of

solid nanoparticles but contradict for the values of the skin friction. It is worth mentioning

that, for the plane stagnation point there is no reduced skin friction along the y-direction

whereas for axisymmetric stagnation point the reduced skin friction for both directions are

the same. As nanoparticles volume fraction increases, the skin friction increase as well as the

rate of heat transfer. The result indicated that skin friction of copper is found higher than

aluminium oxide. Key words: Stagnation Point, Three Dimensional Body, Nanofluids



14

ID 21

MODELLING THE CHANGES IN THE EL NIÑO SOUTHERN

OSCILLATION INDICES USING FUNCTIONAL DATA ANALYSIS

WITH APPLICATION TO THE CLIMATE PHENOMENON

Norazraai Nordin*1 and Shariffah Suhaila Syed Jamaludin2

1, 2 Department of Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia.


The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon affects primarily climatological state

in the Tropical Eastern Pacific Ocean, including the local climate and weather in Malaysia.

Normally, this phenomenon causes the changes in the typical characteristics of temperature,

pressure and precipitation which usually present in the ocean and continental regions. El Niño

is an irregular weather phenomenon which causes sea temperatures in the equatorial Pacific

Ocean to rise, leading to unusually heavy rains in some parts of the world and drought

elsewhere. The El Niño phenomenon refers to the prolonged warming of surface

temperatures over the eastern Pacific Ocean for six months of every two to seven years while,

La Niña, the direct opposite of El Niño, occurs when sea surface temperatures in the central

Pacific Ocean drop to lower than normal levels. The Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) is one

of the indices that give an indication of the development and intensity of El Niño or La Niña

events in the Pacific Ocean. It is a standardized index based on the sea level pressure

differences between the Eastern Pacific (Tahiti) and the Indian Ocean (Darwin) and normally

it is calculated on monthly basis. In this study, SOI is used on monthly basis from 1975 to

2015. The main idea is to treat SOI as a set of functional data and convert them into a smooth

curve or function in the form of discrete observation. The Fourier basis is employed as a basis

function since SOI indicate periodic pattern throughout the year. Results indicated that

several basis functions is used to determine the changes in SOI pattern and the highest and

lowest SOI values in certain years are related to the occurrence of El Niño and La Niña

events. Principal component analysis is used in order to explain the variation of the southern

oscillation index. Three graphical methods: rainbow plot, functional bagplot and functional

highest density region (HDR) boxplot were proposed to capture outliers that may not be

obvious from a plot of the original data.

Key words: El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), fourier basis, southern oscillation index



15

ID 27

SOME PROPERTIES OF THE DEPOLARIZATION FACTORS FOR

ELLIPSOIDS

Nurhazirah Mohamad Yunos*1, Taufiq Khairi Ahmad Khairuddin2 , Tahir Ahmad 3,

Sharidan Shafie 4 and William R. B. Lionheart5


81310, Johor, Malaysia. 2 UTM Centre for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,

81310, Johor, Malaysia. 3 Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor,

Malaysia. 5 School of Mathematics, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, United

Kingdom.

(E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected])

The terminology depolarization factors was firstly highlighted in the study of problems

involving magnetic, where, it was initially used to describe magnetic properties of material.

Recently, this terminology was investigated to describe composites, improve imaging

techniques and other field of researches related to potential theory in mathematics and

physics. Due to our interest in electrical imaging using polarization tensor (PT) and since PT

is actually related to the depolarization factors, in this paper, some properties of the

depolarization factors are investigated for future applications. The focus of this paper is

specifically for the depolarization factors for ellipsoids. The values of these depolarization

factors are firstly proven to be nonnegative. Based on the previous studies which consider the

incomplete elliptic integrals of the first and second kind with some suitable identities, the

summation of the depolarization factors are shown to be equal to one. By using these two

properties, the value for each depolarization factor for ellipsoid is then explained to be

between zero and one. It is also shown in this paper that the depolarization factors can be

characterized based on the values of the semi principal axes of the ellipsoid. Reversely, the

semi principal axes of the ellipsoid can be classified based on the values of the depolarization

factors. All properties presented in this paper could be very useful and important in the future

especially to use the depolarization factors in any related applications.

Key words: Elliptic integrals, polarization tensor, electromagnetism



16

ID 28

MHD EFFECT ON UNSTEADY MIXED CONVECTION BOUNDARY

LAYER FLOW PAST A SPHERE WITH CONSTANT HEAT FLUX

Mohamad Alif Ismail*1, Nurul Farahain Mohammad2 and Sharidan Shafie3

1, 2 Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,

81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia. 3 Department of computational and Theoretical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Sciences

International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Malaysia.

(E-mail: [email protected], [email protected],

[email protected])

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effect is a study on motion of electrical-conducting fluid

under magnetic fields. This effect has great intention due to its applications such as design of

heat exchanger and nuclear reactor. In the problem in fluid motion, flow of separation can

reduced the effectiveness of the system also can increased the energy lost. This study will

present the way to reduce the flow separation by considering magnetic effect. In this study,

unsteady mixed convection boundary layer flow past a sphere are given attention. In this

study also, constant heat flux been considered for the boundary condition. The separation

times with the effect of magnetic fields has been focus in this study. The mathematical

models in the form of partial differential equations are transformed into nonlinear coupled

ordinary differential equations and solved numerically using an implicit finite-difference

scheme known as Keller-box method. The effect of magnetic parameters on velocity and

temperature profiles as well as skin friction and Nusselt number are studied. All the result are

shown in tabular and Figures. The result shows magnetic parameter effect the velocity and

temperature of the fluid as well as skin friction and nussult number.

Key words: Magnetohydrodynamic, unsteady, heat flux



17

ID 29

NON-TRANSFORMED DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION

TECHNIQUE ON DAILY NONSTATIONARY STOCK MARKET

PRICE IN HEALTHCARE SECTOR

Yusrina Andu*1, Muhammad Hisyam Lee 2 and Zakariya Yahya Algamal 3


81310 Johor Bharu, Johor, Malaysia. 3 Statistics and Informatics Department, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq.


It is well known that the healthcare sector is one of the fastest growing industries where it has

been listed as one of the major sectors in the stock market price worldwide. However, most of

the healthcare stock market price is usually nonstationary. The common practice in handling

nonstationary stock market price is through transformation process, resulting to the loss of

data originality. To overcome this, a more direct approach of non-transformed nonstationary

stock market price is of interest. In this study, the dimensionality reduction of nonstationary

stock market price was performed by using generalized dynamic principal component

(GDPC), which adapts Brillinger dynamic principal component (BDPC) concept based on the

reconstruction of the stock market price. The data used is the most recent three-year (2015-

2018) daily observations of stock market price in healthcare sector consisting of ten different

countries. These countries are across regions which include China, Denmark, German,

France, Ireland, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, U.K. and U.S. as to see a wider scope of the

healthcare sector stock market price. Stationarity test was first performed on the healthcare

stock market price and the analysis carried out were two-based, transformed and non-

transformed. Next, the dimensionality is reduced by using three principal component method

which are ordinary principal component (OPC), BDPC and GDPC. In the first component,

the transformed method showed an average of 50% explained variance in OPC and more than

75% in BDPC. However, a higher percentage of explained variance percentage of 90% above

can be seen in the non-transformed method. Meanwhile, the mean squared error in OPC were

the highest among the three methods. Although the mean squared error for US healthcare

stock market price is lower in BDPC at 0.0437 compared to 0.2320 in GDPC. Nevertheless,

overall, the rest of the non-transformed stock market price had lower mean squared error.

Thus, this indicated that direct application may also achieved better result performance than

of its counterpart.

Key words: Dimensionality reduction; generalized dynamic principal component; healthcare stock

market price; nonstationary; non-transformed



18

ID 32

THE CONJUGACY CLASS GRAPHS OF NON-ABELIAN 3-GROUPS

Athirah Zulkarnain*1, Nor Haniza Sarmin2 and Hazzirah Izzati Mat Hassim3


Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.


A graph is formed by a pair of vertices and edges. A graph can be related to groups by using

the groups’ properties for its vertices and edges. The set of vertices of the graph comprises

the elements or sets from the group while the set of edges of the graph is the properties and

condition for the graph. A conjugacy class of an element x is the set of elements that are

conjugate with x. Any element of a group G, labelled as g, is conjugate to x if it satisfies for

some elements a in G with its inverse a-1. A conjugacy class graph of a group G is defined

when its vertex set is the set of non-central conjugacy classes of G. Two distinct vertices A

and B are connected by an edge if and only if their cardinalities are not co-prime, which

means that the order of the conjugacy classes of A and B have common factors. Meanwhile, a

simple graph is the graph that contains no loop and no multiple edges. A complete graph is a

simple graph in which every pair of distinct vertices is adjacent. Moreover, a p-group is the

group with prime power order. In this paper, the conjugacy class graphs for some 3-groups

are determined by using the group’s presentations and the definition of conjugacy class

graph. There are two classifications of the non-abelian 3-groups which are used in this

research. In addition, some properties of the conjugacy class graph such as the chromatic

number, the dominating number, and the diameter are computed. A chromatic number is the

minimum number of vertices that have the same colours where the adjacent vertices have

distinct colours. Besides, a dominating number is the minimum number of vertices that are

required to connect all the vertices and a diameter is the longest path between any two

vertices. As a result of this research, the conjugacy class graphs of these groups are found to

be complete graphs with chromatic number eight dominating number one, and diameter one.

Key words: Conjugacy class graph, p-group, chromatic number, dominating number, diameter



19

ID 43

UNSTEADY g-JITTER FULLY DEVELOPED HEAT TRANSFER BY

MIXED CONVECTION FLOW IN A VERTICAL CHANNEL WITH

CONSTANT HEAT FLUX

Wan Nor Zaleha Amin*1, Ahmad Qushairi Mohammad2 , Mohammed Abdulhameed 3

and Sharidan Shafie 4


Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. 4 School of Science and Technology, Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B., Bauchi 0231, Nigeria.


[email protected], [email protected])

A theoretical study of mixed convection heat transfer is carried out in an infinite length of

vertical channel with both open ends. One of the vertical plates is prescribed with constant

heat flux. The effect of g-jitter is also taken into consideration. The Fourier method is used to

solve the resulting governing equations. The behavior of the fluid temperature and velocity of

the flow is studied and presented graphically in this paper. The graphical results are being

analyzed and discussed. The behavior of steady state flow is also investigated. Results shown

that as wall temperature increased, the fluid temperature increased. The velocity increased

due to the increases of the mixed convection and oscillation parameter whereas the velocity

decreased as the frequency increased.

Key words: Mixed convection, vertical channel, heat transfer, constant heat flux, g-jitter



20

ID 46

UNSTEADY FREE CONVECTION FLOW BETWEEN TWO

VERTICAL PARALLEL PLATES WITH NEWTONIAN HEATING

Fasihah Zulkiflee*1, Ahmad Qushairi Mohammad2 , Sharidan Shafie3 and Arshad

Khan4

1, 2,3 Department of Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia. 3 Department of Computer Science/IT, Sarhad University of Science & IT

Peshawar Khyber Pakhthunkhwa, Pakistan.

(E-mail: [email protected] ,[email protected], [email protected],

[email protected])

Free convection flow in a boundary layer region is a motion that results from the interaction

of gravity with density differences within a fluid. These differences occur due to temperature

or concentration gradients or due to their composition. Studies pertaining to free convection

flows of incompressible viscous fluids have received much attention in recent years both

theoretically (exact or approximate solutions) and experimentally. The situation where the

heat be transported to the convective fluid via a bounding surface having finite heat capacity

is known as Newtonian heating (or conjugate convective flows). In this paper, the unsteady

free convection flow of an incompressible viscous fluid between two parallel plates with

Newtonian heating is studied. Appropriate non-dimensional variables are used to reduce the

dimensional governing equations along with imposed initial and boundary conditions into

dimensionless forms. The exact solutions for velocity and temperature are obtained using the

Laplace transform technique. The corresponding expressions for skin friction and Nusselt

number are also calculated. The graphical results are displayed to illustrate the influence of

various embedded parameters such as Newtonian heating parameter and Grashof number.

The results obtained show that the effect of Newtonian heating parameter increases the

Nusselt number but reduces the skin friction.

Key words: Free convection, vertical parallel plate, newtonian heating, laplace transform



21

ID 62

ANALYTICAL APPROXIMATION SOLUTION FOR LOGISTIC

DELAY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

Nurul Atiqah Talib*1 and Normah Maan 2

1, 2 Department of Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia.


Although the nonlinear analytical techniques are fast developing but still do not completely

satisfy mathematicians and engineers. There are some previous researcher conducts the study

to find the analytical solution of logistic delay differential equation. However, for these time

lags occasion, it is quite hard and tough to achieve analytical solutions and has its own

limitation where we could only expect the approximate analytical solution. Hence, this paper

describes the approximate analytical techniques which are homotopy analysis method (HAM)

and homotopy perturbation method (HPM) to indicate its ability in solving the logistic delay

differential equation. HAM is one of the better approaches that can be used for solving this

equation. The use of HAM will lead to obtain the series solution that contain auxiliary

parameter h that helps to adjust and control the convergence and rate approximation for the

series solution. Meanwhile, HPM is an analytical method with a combination of homotopy in

topology and classical perturbation technique. Using HPM technique, the logistic delay

differential equation is reduced to a sufficiently simplified form, which normally becomes a

linear equation and easy to be solved. The comparison of numerical solution with h-values of

HAM has shown the influence of parameter h in the convergence of series solution. Using

HAM and HPM, the relationship between the time-delay and the population size are

obtained. As a result, the higher the value of , the steeper the gradient of the population size

x. It is concluded that the parameter h helps to adjust and control the convergence and rate

approximation for the series solution of HAM. Laterally, the comparison between HAM and

HPM with numerical method is made to show that both methods is fairly approximate the

exact solution. Moreover, homotopy perturbation method (HPM) is a special case of

homotopy analysis method (HAM) when H(t)=1 and h=-1. Hence, using HAM and HPM

techniques, two different kinds of series solutions of logistic delay differential equation are

obtained.

Key words: Logistic delay differential equation; homotopy analysis method (HAM); homotopy

perturbation method (HPM).



22

ID 65

NEW NONLINEAR CONJUGATE GRADIENT COEFFICIENT FOR

LARGE-SCALE UNCONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION WITH STRONG

WOLFE-POWELL LINE SEARCH

Ibrahim Abdullahi*1 and Rohanin Ahmad 2

1, 2 Department of Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 UTM Johor

Bahru, Malaysia. 1 Department of Mathematics. Federal University Dutse (FUD),P.M.B 7156 Dutse, Jigawa

State, Nigeria.


Nonlinear conjugate gradient methods (CGMs) are widely used for solving unconstrained

optimization problems. These methods are among the earliest known techniques for solving

large-scale unconstrained optimization problems. In this paper, we propose a modified

conjugate gradient coefficient (𝛽𝑘). This coefficient is a modification from the established

𝛽𝑘𝑅𝑀𝐼𝐿+ obtained by Rivaie et al. (A new class of nonlinear conjugate gradient coefficients

with exact and inexact line searches). The new method possesses sufficient descent properties

with Wolfe-Powell line search condition. The proposed method is globally convergent while

the simulation results are obtained with strong Wolfe-Powell line search for the purpose of

comparison. We employed performance profile to show the strength of the proposed method

against some CGMs using some test problems. It is observed that the proposed method is

effective as compared to some CGMs.

Key words: Unconstrained optimization; conjugate gradient method; global convergence; conjugate

gradient coefficient.

mailto:[email protected]



23

ID 73

THE ROLE OF AN OPTION-IMPLIED DISTRIBUTION IN

IMPROVING AN ASSET ALLOCATION MODEL

Hafizah Bahaludin *1 and Mimi Hafizah Abdullah 2


International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota Campus,

Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.


The objective of this paper is to extend the information embedded in option-implied

distribution to asset allocation model. This paper examines whether a parameter estimated

from an option-implied distribution can improve a minimum-variance portfolio which

consists of many risky assets. The option-implied distribution under a risk-neutral assumption

is called risk-neutral density (RND) whereas a risk-world density (RWD) is calculated by

incorporating a risk-premium. The computation of option-implied distributions is based on

the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) index options and its constituents. The data covers

the period from January 2009 until December 2015. Portfolio performance is evaluated based

on portfolio volatility and Sharpe ratio. The performance of a portfolio based on an option-

implied distribution is compared to a naive diversification portfolio. The empirical evidence

shows that for a portfolio based on an option-implied distribution, the volatility of the

portfolio is reduced and the Sharpe ratio is increased.

Key words: Option prices, option-implied distribution, asset allocation model



24

ID 75

SYMMETRIC PERIODIC FOURIER SERIES USING PENTAGONAL

FUZZY NUMBER

T. Pathinathan*1 and E. Anita Dolorosa 2

1, 2 P.G & Research Department of Mathematics, Loyola College, Chennai – 600034


Pentagonal fuzzy number is applied to check the symmetric property of a periodic Fourier

series. We observe that pentagonal fuzzy number satisfies periodic fuzzy valued functions of

the trigonometric sine and cosine fuzzy Fourier coefficients for real numbers. We verify that

different types of pentagonal fuzzy numbers also satisfy symmetric periodic fuzzy Fourier

series.

Key words: Fuzzy numbers; pentagonal fuzzy numbers; fourier series; fourier coefficients.



25

ID 76

MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF PLANKTON POPULATION

DYNAMICS

Fatin Nadiah Yussof*1, Normah Maan 2 and Nadzri Reba 3

1, 2 Department of Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor

Bahru, Malaysia. 3 Faculty of Geoinformation and Real Estate, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM

Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

(E-mail: [email protected] , [email protected], [email protected])

In this paper, a mathematical model of interaction between nutrient, toxic phytoplankton

(TPP), non-toxic phytoplankton (NTP), zooplankton and toxic chemicals is proposed to study

on how the process of this HABs event occur. Toxic chemicals are released by TPP when

there exist favorable conditions. The model of interaction is represented by Ordinary

Differential Equations (ODEs) and stability analysis of the model is conducted. Several

conditions for the system to be stable around trivial and interior equilibrium point are

obtained. From the analysis, it is observed that when the nutrient is limited, the amounts of

toxic chemicals secreted out by the TPP are increased. As a result, NTP population and

zooplankton population are affected by the situation and for a long period both populations

will go to extinction. Therefore, this study gives a better understanding on the dynamic of

marine ecosystem as well as the occurrence of Harmful Algal Blooms event.

Key words: Stability analysis, harmful algal blooms, nutrient limitation, toxin producing

hytoplankton.



26

ID 82

GENERALIZED LINEAR MODELS ON THE EXISTENCE OF

STRESS AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN A PUBLIC

UNIVERSITY IN MALAYSIA

Ina Nur Hazirah Samudin*1, Haliza Abd. Rahman 2 and Zarina Mohd Khalid 3


81310, Skudai, Malaysia.


Generalized linear models (GLM) are the models where the response variable is expected to

be related to a linear combination of a number of explanatory variables possibly via a link

function, for some distribution. Instead of normal distribution, other distribution in the

exponential family can be used to describe the variation of response variable, and Poisson

distribution is belong to the exponential family. Poisson models are the prefered

distributional choice. Poisson regression is usually used in analyzing a count data. It is widely

used in many disciplines such as medication, insurance, education and others. The

characteristic of Poisson is where the value of mean and variance are equal. However, most

of real data will have a problem, where the variance is greater than the mean. This is the

major problem of Poisson regression, also known as overdispersion. Another suggestion for

possible solution is using a negative binomial regression. The aim of this study is to

determine the stress of undergraduate UTM students using Poisson regression with a log link

function and to determine if the problem of overdispersion existed. A set of questionnaire that

is related to stress was distributed through online form and by hand, randomly, to different

faculty. The result was analyzed using SPSS software. Analysis of Poisson regression showed

that the variance of dependent variable is greater than the expected mean even though the

data was fitted with the model. Therefore, overdispersion existed. Thus, negative binomial

regression was used as a suitable alternative to Poisson regression if the problem of

overdispersion existed. This finding shows that socio-demographic factors that determine the

existence of stress among UTM students are gender (female), faculty (Engineering), marital

status (married), year of study (second-year student) and ethnicity (Malay).

Key words: Generalized linear models, poisson regression, negative binomial, stress



27

Biology

ID 49

ANTIBACTERIAL, CYTOTOXICITY, AND WOUND HEALING

STUDIES OF AMINE-FUNCTIONALIZED ZEOLITE Y

Muhammad Hariz Asraf *1, Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik Malek *1 , Nor Suriani Sani 2 ,

Khairunadwa Jemon 1 , Siti Nabihan Ishak 1 , Atieya Abdul Hadi 1 and Muhammad

Zulhilmi Amir Awaluddin 1

1 Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310

UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia. 2 Office of Deputy Vice Chancellor (Research and Innovation), Universiti Teknologi

Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.


[email protected], [email protected],


To date, the functionalization of zeolite Y with wide variety of chemicals such as metal

oxides, metal ions, functional groups, and nanoparticles enhanced its capability as

antibacterial agent and wound healing purposes. On the other hand, some antibiotics on its

own is less effective towards the ever-evolving resistant microorganisms. In addition, most of

the studies done always focusing on metal-functionalized zeolite and no recent study were

performed on in vitro toxicity using amine-functionalized zeolite. Other than that, the studies

that have been conducted using inorganic substances lack of in vitro testing to study its

cytotoxicity for human application. Therefore, this project was aimed to study the

antibacterial properties and cytotoxicity study of an amine-functionalized zeolite Y using (3-

aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES). The developed unmodified and amine-functionalized

zeolite Y with different concentrations of APTES (M) (Z, ZA 0.04, ZA 0.4 and ZA 0.6) were

characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope,

energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray powder diffraction and its dispersion behaviour. The

materials were then tested for its antibacterial properties based on disc diffusion technique

(DDT) against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and

Enterococcus faecalis. After that, the cytotoxicity and wound healing capability of the

APTES-zeolite Y were evaluated using scratch assay against normal human dermal fibroblast

cell (HSF 1184). The characterization of APTES-zeolite Y proved that the APTES molecules

are grafted onto the zeolite Y surface. Furthermore, it was found that the higher the APTES

concentration, the larger the zone of inhibition appeared on the Mueller-Hinton agar in DDT.

Conversely, a higher concentration of APTES-zeolite Y showed higher cytotoxicity.

Although ZA 0.6 sample which is zeolite Y functionalized with 0.6 M of APTES has high



28

antibacterial activity, on the other hand, it was proven to be cytotoxic for HSF 1184 cells. In a

conclusion, amine-functionalized zeolite Y is a good candidate for antibacterial agent,

however unmodified zeolite Y is a better material for wound healing agent because at higher

concentration of APTES in the zeolite resulted in high cytotoxicity against human cells.

Key words: APTES-zeolite Y,functionalization,antibacterial,cytotoxicity, wound healing



29

ID 55

SIMULTANEOUS ACTION OF SURFACTANT MODIFIED

CLINOPTILOLITE: ADSORBENT OF DYES AND ANTIBACTERIAL

AGENT

Muhammad Syafiq Abd Aziz 1, Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik Malek 1 , Siti Nabihan Ishak *1 ,

Muhammad Hariz Asraf 1 , Atieya Abdul Hadi1 and Muhammad Zulhilmi Amir

Awaluddin1


UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

(E-mail:[email protected], [email protected], [email protected],

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected])

In this study, the simultaneous action of surfactant modified clinoptilolite (SMC) as

adsorbent for dyes and its antibacterial activity was investigated. Methylene blue (MB) and

acid orange 7 (AO7) represent cationic and anionic dyes, respectively were used as adsorbate

in this study and the antibacterial activity was studied against Gram-negative (Escherichia

coli ATCC 11229) and Grampositive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and

Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 2921). Initially, natural zeolite clinoptilolite was modified with

3 different concentrations (0.1, 1.0 and 4.0mM) of cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethyl

ammonium bromide (HDTMA-Br). The SMC samples were characterized by Fourier

transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), amount of HDTMA

adsorbed and dispersion behaviour. Result from XRD shows that the HDTMA-Br molecules

caused no effect on primary structure of the clinoptilolite since the clinoptilolite structure

remained the same after modification with HDTMA-Br. Compared to the unmodified

clinoptilolite, FTIR spectra of the SMC shows peak corresponds to C-H stretches which

proved the attachment of HDTMA onto the clinoptilolite surfaces. In the dispersion

behaviour study, SMC samples were located at the adjacent phase between the water and oil

mixture. The amount of HDTMA Br adsorbed onto the clinoptilolite increased with the

increasing concentrations of the surfactant. The use of SMC as adsorbent and antibacterial

agent were further studied against the ionic dyes and bacteria simultaneously. The results

show that the adsorption capacity of SMC towards both ionic dyes increase with the

increasing HDTMA-Br concentration. While for the antibacterial activity, the number of

colony forming unit of bacteria seem to be highly reduced at the highest concentration of the

HDTMA (4.0 mM) attached on the clinoptilolite. Hence, this study had shown that SMC has

high adsorption capacity towards the ionic dyes at the same time reducing the growth of both

Gram positive and negative bacteria in aquoes solution.

Key words: Clinoptilolite, surfactant modified zeolite, methylene blue, acid orange 7, antibacterial

agent



30

ID 59

ADSORPTION OF GENTAMICIN ON ORGANO-KAOLINITE AND ITS

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY

Lim Chai Hui 1, Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik Malek 1 , Muhammad Zulhilmi Amir

Awaluddin*1, Muhammad Hariz Asraf 1, Siti Nabihan Ishak 1 and Atieya Abdul Hadi 1


UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.


Clay minerals particularly kaolinite provides highly adsorptive properties and it was used in

this study to immobilize aminoglycoside antibiotic and cationic surfactant molecules in order

to be used as improved antimicrobial agent. In this research, gentamicin loaded surfactant-

kaolinite (GSK) were prepared with different concentrations of gentamicin (50 and 200

mg/L). The GSK was prepared by the attachment of cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethyl

ammonium (HDTMA) 4.0 mM on raw kaolinite creating organo-kaolinite (SK) and then,

loaded with gentamicin sulphate (50 and 200 mg/L). Samples were characterized by X-ray

diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the results proved

that the framework of the kaolinite was not disrupted after modification with HDTMA and

gentamicin. The FTIR spectra of the samples proved that the HDTMA molecules were

successfully loaded onto raw kaolinite. However, the loading of gentamicin onto raw

kaolinite and surfactant-kaolinite (GSK) was non-obvious by the FTIR spectra because of the

limited concentration of gentamicin loaded onto the kaolinite. The antibacterial activity of the

samples was tested against Escherichia coli ATCC 11229 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC

29212 through disc diffusion technique (DDT). From the DDT, raw kaolinite did not exhibit

any antibacterial activity but other samples showed the inhibition zones against these two

bacteria. This shows that the kaolinite could immobilize either one or two antibacterial agents

on its structure and resulted in the antibacterial activity against wide spectrum of bacteria.

The immobilization of antibiotics and antibacterial agents on kaolinite could reduce the

application of high amount of the compounds and also the release of high amount of

antibiotic compounds into the environment could be avoided. The prepared material is

expected to be applied for antibacterial wound healing agent since the kaolinite itself is a

good carrier system with less toxicity to human.

Key words: Antibacterial, gentamicin, kaolinite, organo-clay



31

ID 61

MEDIUM-CHAIN-LENGTH-POLY-3-HYDROXYALKANOATES-

PEGMA-FUNCTIONALIZED MULTI-WALLED CARBON

NANOTUBES COMPOSITE AS ANODE MODIFIER TO IMPROVE

ELECTROCHEMICAL ACTIVITIES OF MICROBIAL FUEL CELL

Hindatu Yusuf*1 and Mohamad Suffian Mohamad Annuar2

1 Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala

Lumpur, Malaysia.


Microbial fuel cell (MFC) combined both wastewater treatment and harnessing of

microorganism metabolic activities to generate electrical current in an environmental-friendly

manner. However, poor power generation hindered its large-scale application. Anode

electrode which serves as the electron sink for the microbes is an essential component of the

MFC. While common anode materials such as carbon cloth (CC) and carbon paper (CP) are

conductive and stable, power generation from their applications in the MFC are still low.

Anode modification with polymeric material could potentially address this issue. In this

study, polyethylene glycol methacrylate (P) was effectively grafted onto medium-chain-

length poly-3-hydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHA) by enzymatic catalysis to yield PHA-g-P.

Ultrasound-assisted dispersion was used to composite the grafted material with -COOH

functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (C). The preparation was subsequently used to

coat the surface of carbon cloth (CC) anode. The coating was subjected to structural and

morphological characterizations using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray

diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Its

performance was compared with the CC coated with C alone (CC-C), CC coated with CPHA

composite (CC-CPHA) and plain CC in double-chambered MFC with Escherichia coli as the

biocatalyst and glucose as the carbon source. Maximum stable voltages recorded in the MFC

were 695 mV, 216 mV, 180 mV and 148 mV for CC-CPHA-g-P, CC-CPHA, CC-C, and CC

respectively. The CC-CPHA-g-P produced maximum current density (CD) of 1160 mA m-2

which was 78 % higher than the CC anode (248 mA m-2). The enhancement was attributed to

the superior biofilm growth on the anode material as shown by the FESEM images hence

lowering the internal resistance of the MFC thereby increasing the CD.

Key words: Poly-3-hydroxyalkanoates, escherichia coli, microbial fuel cell, multiwalled carbon

nanotubes.



32

ID 63

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF COPPER EXCHANGED ZEOLITE Y

SYNTHESIZED FROM RICE HUSK ASH

Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik Malek 1, Nurul Ain Azid 1, Atieya Abdul Hadi*1, Siti Nabihan

Ishak 1, Muhammad Hariz Asraf 1 and Muhammad Zulhilmi Amir Awaluddin 1

1Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical

Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia



Increasing problems with antibacterial agent primarily bacterial resistance and environmental

pollution due to the high release of antibacterial agents in water necessitates the development

of new and effective antibacterial agents. One of the techniques that can be used to overcome

these problems is by immobilizing antibacterial compounds or any related compounds on the

carrier system such as by using zeolite. In this study, zeolite Y was synthesized from rice

husk ash as silica source by using hydrothermal technique and it was used as a carrier system

for antibacterial copper (Cu) ions. A series of Cu-exchanged zeolite Y was then prepared by

loading with different concentrations of Cu ions (100 ppm, 600 ppm and 900 ppm of the

Cu(NO3)2) on the synthesized zeolite Y. The Cu-exchanged zeolite Y was characterized by

X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). These

characterization techniques showed that the zeolite Y was synthesized in pure phase and had

a good degree of crystallinity. Whereas, from the characterization results, zeolite Y was

successfully loaded with different concentrations of Cu ions and no structural changes happen

after modification. The antibacterial activity of the samples was determined through disc

diffusion technique (DDT) against Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC

6538 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212) and Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli

ATCC 11229 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442). Based on the antibacterial results,

the synthesized zeolite Y loaded with 900 ppm of Cu2+ showed the highest antibacterial

activity compared to that of loaded with 100 ppm and 600 ppm of Cu2+. The higher the Cu

concentration on the zeolite Y resulted in the higher antibacterial activity against wide

spectrum of bacteria. As a conclusion, synthesized zeolite Y from rice husk ash could be a

carrier system for antibacterial Cu ions and it has the potential for the application as

antibacterial agents.

Key words: Zeolite Y, copper ion, rice husk ash, hydrothermal, antibacterial agent



33

ID 80

QUALITY, PHENOLIC COMPOUND AND ANTIOXIDANT

ACTIVITY OF WINES FROM SANGYOD RICE, PADDY AND

HUSK DURING FERMENTATION

Vilailak Klompong

Department of Food Science and Technology, Thaksin University, Phatthalung, Thailand.

(E-mail: [email protected])

Sangyod rice (Oryza sativa) is originated from Phatthalung province of Thailand and become

geographical indicator (GI). After harvesting, paddy is milled to obtain rice grain, the waste

or by-product from rice milling as husk is generated. Rice wine is also popular drinks

produced from simple process with local raw materials. The objective of this study was to

utilize husk and paddy of Sangyod rice that rich in bioactive compound to produce value

added product as wine by reducing milling step of paddy. Fermentation changes in koji and

wine, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Sangyod rice, paddy and husk wines

were monitored throughout the fermentation period. The acceptance of finished products

from consumer drinking wine was also investigated. The pHs of koji from rice, paddy and

husk were in a range of 6.46-6.93 and reduced to 5.45-6.03. Yeast and mold were in the range

of 6.52-6.74 log cfu/g and increased to 7.19-7.26 log cfu/g as the fermentation time reached 6

days (P<0.05). When wine fermentation started by adding syrup to koji, alcohol content of

three types of wine increased as the fermentation time increased. Paddy wine showed the

fastest alcohol production following by rice wine and husk wine, respectively (P<0.05).

Generally, total soluble solid content and pH of wines decreases as the fermentation time

increased (P<0.05). Yeast and mold increased throughout the fermentation time and started to

decrease at the late phase of fermentation. Yeast and mold were in the range of 6 to 7 log

cfu/ml. As the fermentation time increased, total phenolic content and antioxidative activities

including DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and

metal chelating activity increased throughout the fermentation period (P<0.05) related to total

phenolic content. Total phenolic content in three types of wines increased from 32-53 to 125-

178 (mg GAE/ml). Generally, paddy wine possessed the highest total phenolic content and

antioxidative activities when compared with rice wine and husk wine (P<0.05). From the

sensory evaluation including appearance, color, odor, taste and overall liking, the acceptance

scores of rice and paddy wine were modelate, while the lowest acceptance in all attributes

was observed in husk wine (P<0.05). Rice, paddy and husk wines obtained were amber in

color (L*=10.11-16.27, a*=8.07-14.91, b*=10.8-12.18). Thus, the changes of quality, total

phenolic contents and antioxidative activities of wine during fermentation were governed by

raw material used. Additionally, Sangyod rice and paddy could be used as potential raw

material for wine production and wines obtained could be served as potential drinks for

health, since containing bioactive compound as antioxidant.



34

Key words: Wine, Sangyod rice, quality, phenolic compound, antioxidant



35

Physics

ID 02

TUNABLE PASSIVELY Q-SWITCHED ERBIUM-DOPED FIBER

LASER USING EXFOLIATED MOS2 AS SATURABLE ABSORBER

Siti Aisyah Reduan*1 and Harith Ahmad 2

1, 2 Photonics Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.


We report the generation of tunable passively Q-switched erbium-doped fiber (EDF) laser

using exfoliated MoS2 as saturable absorber (SA). The Q-switched fiber laser has attract

great interest among researchers due to their advantages of having a long pulses that

applicable for many applications such as material processing, medicine, sensing and

nonlinear experiments. By generate the Q-switched pulses passively in a fiber laser system

has a gained an attention because of their advantages of being simple, high efficiency, cost

effective and high spatial beam quality. Other than that, the ability of the passively Q-

switched to be tuned in a wide wavelength region is seen to be important especially in the

field of communication, as well as in the application of wavelength division multiplexing

(WDM) and spectroscopy. In this work, the MoS2 SA is prepared by a simple mechanical

exfoliation technique and been integrated into the proposed laser system to generate a passive

Q switched pulses. MoS2 as one of the material in Transition Metal Dichalcogenides is seen

to be a promising 2-D material in generate a passive pulsed laser due to their intrinsic

properties of having a strong light matter interaction and optical saturable absorption. The

tunable bandpass filter (TBPF) is used to tune the central wavelength of the generated Q-

switched pulsed laser. The tunability of the passive Q-switched pulsed laser covered a

wavelength region from 1538.0 nm to 1572.0 nm, with a wavelength range of 34.0 nm. A

stable Q-switching operation has a repetition rate range varied from 15.6 kHz to 125.0 kHz as

the pump power increased from 10.0 mW to 160.0 mW. The generated Q-switched pulses has

a minimum pulse width and maximum pulse energy of 0.7 μs and 25.8 nJ, respectively. Our

experiment suggest the simple and efficient way for preparation of MoS2 SA using

mechanical exfoliation in generate a tunable passively Q-switched pulsed laser, that is useful

for photonics devices.

Key words: Laser, fiber optics and optical communication, fiber laser, nonlinear fiber optics, q

switched laser



36

ID 06

STUDY OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL PLANE PROFILE MONITORING

USING MULTI-PIXEL PHOTON COUNTER

Nor Aisyah Zawawi*1, Izyan Hazwani Hashim 2 and Yung Szen Yap 3

1, 2 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310,

Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.. 3 Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institue for Scientific and Industrial

Research, Skudai 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.


[email protected])

In nuclear field, inorganic scintillators are widely used as part of a detection system in photon

radiation. Nuclear detector needs a scintillator in order to collect and guide to the

photosensitive region of a detector. Cesium iodide with thallium activator, CsI(Tl) scintillator

is better for detection by avalanche photodiode than photomultiplier tube (PMT). A Multi-

Pixel Photon Counter (MPPC) is a type of silicon photomultiplier which has been suggested

as an alternative to PMT. A new prototype with a dimension of 8.9 x 5.9 cm² has been

developed for readout by coupling MPPC with CsI(Tl) scintillator. The prototype was

constructed using eight MPPCs and four CsI(Tl) scintillator. The photon intensity was read

by MPPCs and recorded by EASIROC module. Co-60 and Tl-204 were used as testing

sources to determine the detector response function in terms of full energy peak (FEP) event.

By varying the threshold at 0.5 p.e. to 4 p.e. and the bias voltage was applied in the range of

60 V to 80 V according to MPPC’s operating voltage. The distance of prototype from a

source was varied from 1 cm to 10 cm for 10⁶ events. The MPPC position represents two-

dimensional plane monitoring profile. Photon counting detection conducted is important in

cargo scanning system which can enhance the image resolution and materials identification

during an inspection.

Key words: MPPC, EASIROC module, two-dimensional plane profile monitoring.



37

ID 11

SYNTHESIS OF SILICA NANOPARTICLES BY SOL-GEL : THE

EFFECT OF VARIOUS AMOUNT OF CATALYST

Farah Shahirah Norazmi*1, Kashif Tufail Chaudhary 2 and Jalil Ali 3

1, 2 Laser Center, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti

Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. 3 Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor

Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.

(Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected])

Various designs of antireflective (AR) coatings are implemented extensively in a wide variety

of optical systems to enhance the efficiency and power output such as photovoltaic (PV)

devices; light emitting diodes; architectural windows; lenses and high-power laser systems.

Silica nanoparticles have drawn much interaction for their potential in solar cell for anti-

reflection coating because of their ease to preparation. The quality of silica nanoparticles is

highly dependent on the size. The present study reports the synthesis of monodisperse

uniform-size silica nanoparticles by hydrolysis of 34.5 ml of tetraethyl ortho-silicate (TEOS)

in a mixture of 75 ml of ethanol and 10.8 ml of H2O as a solvent and a different volume (0.50

ml – 1.50 ml) of 28% ammonia solution (NH3) as a catalyst. The solutions are kept under

stirring in a round bottom flask for overnight and turns into milky white solution. The

prepared particles are dried at lowpressure in furnace under 100 mbar for 12 hours at 60°C.

Various-sized silica nanoparticles in the range 114 nm – 200 nm are synthesized and

examined under field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and elemental

analysis is performed by electron x-ray dispersion technique (EDX). With increase in volume

of ammonia solution, an increase in the size of silica nanoparticles has been observed. The

ammonia (NH3) plays significant role to improve the water and oil repellent characteristics

especially for the thin film coating applications. It has also observed that the experimental

conditions such as rate of hydrolysis and condensation reactions have direct impact on the

size of silica nanoparticles size.

Key words: Silica nanoparticles; sol-gel; field emission scanning electron microscopy



38

ID 18

POVERTY SEQUESTRATION USING SAWDUST BIOMASS ENERGY

IN NIGERIA

Umar Aliyu Abubakar*1,2, Khaidzir Hamzah 3 , Muneer Aziz Mohammed Saleh3,

Nasiru Isa Fagge4 , Muhammad Zin Muhammad Rawi 5 and Bashir Danladi Jatau 3,6

1 Generic SPS, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.

2 Institute of Education, Physics Unit, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria. 3 Department of Energy, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,

81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. 4 Department of Physic, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria.

5 Agency Nuclear Malaysia, Pusat Teknologi Reaktor Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 6 Department of Physics, Faculty of Physical sciences, Ahmadu Bello Universiti Zaria,

Nigeria.

(E-mail: [email protected], [email protected],[email protected],


The commensurate increase in the price of kerosene and gas created fear in the mind of many

Nigerians, which force to think future and lead to pay much concern about the security of

energy needed for survival and to sustain the economic growth. The growing demand in

energy coupled with the population increase places more demand on agricultural biomass

such as sawdust to be use for heating processes. A large quantity of sawdust is produced on

daily basis in most Nigerian cities and can be utilize for domestic heating. The potential of

this biomass to be use as alternative energy source is explored in this work. About 1500 gram

of sieved sawdust mixed with 150 gram of starch binder were prepared into a moderate size

briquette. Study on combustion performances was conducted using constructed sawdust

stove. Analysis of the experimental data indicates that the sawdust stove performances in

terms of combustion rate and efficiency are comparable to that of kerosene stove and surpass

ordinary fire-wood stoves. The advantage of using sawdust for heating applications are its

domestic origin and help in the waste management.

Key words: Poverty, biomass, sawdust



39

ID 24

LIQUID MEDIA REGULATED GROWTH OF CINNAMON

NANOPARTICLES: ABSORPTION AND EMISSION TRAITS

Ali Aqeel Salim *1, Sib Krishna Ghoshal 2 , Noriah Bidin 3 and Hazri Bakhtiar 4

1, 2,3,4 Laser Center, Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research,Advanced Optical

Materials Research Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi

Malaysia, 81300, Johor Bahru, Skudai, Malaysia.

(E-mail: [email protected])

Customized cinnamon-based nanostructures are of great demand for broad arrays of

nanomedical, biomedical and photocatalytic purposes. Conventional methods for the

production of cinnamon nanomaterials with desirable optical absorption and emission

properties are still limited. This communication elucidates the role of growth media (liquid

ethanol and methanol) in controlling the optical qualities of cinnamon nanoparticles (CNPs).

Such CNPs of varied morphologies were prepared using pulsed laser ablation in liquid

(PLAL) technique (a simple, inexpensive, and eco-friendly approach). In the PLAL process,

clean cinnamon sticks (as target material purchased from supermarket) were ablated via Q-

switched Nd:YAG laser pulse of wavelength 532 nm operated at optimum fluence of 5.73

J/cm2. As-synthesized CNPs were characterized at room temperature using ultraviolet-visible

(UV-Vis) absorption and photoluminescence (PL) emission spectroscopy. Uniformly

dispersed high purity colloidal CNPs with narrow size distribution was achieved. The UV-

Vis absorption and the PL spectra of CNPs revealed prominent peaks. This observed

distinctive absorption and emission traits of studied CNPs was ascribed to the effects of

oxygen deficiency, quantum confinement, crystal defects and existence of cinnamaldehyde

compounds. In short, the nucleation and growth of CNPs was significantly sensitive to the

chemical character of liquid suspension that provided a favorable thermodynamic condition

via entropy driven free energy minimization. It was demonstrated that the structural,

morphological, physical, optical properties of such CNPs can be tailored by intuitively

selecting the liquid growth media. We affirmed that the present systematic approach can

constitute a basis for the large scale production of CNPs effective for widespread

applications. Key words: PLAL, CNPs, Liquid media, absorption, emission



40

ID 30

IMPROVEMENT OF LASER INDUCED BREAKDOWN

SPECTROSCOPY SIGNAL FOR SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION

Hanin Athirah Harun *1 and Roslinda Zainal 2

1, 2 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM

Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.

(E-mail:[email protected])

Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is one of the analytical spectroscopy

technique used in determining elemental composition of solid, liquid or gas sample using

high energy laser pulse. However, LIBS technique associated with liquid sample often suffers

from strong splashing and shockwave, thereby affecting the LIBS experiment repeatability

and performance analysis. Therefore, a simple and quick-freeze sample pre-treatment

approach using Peltier Thermoelectric Cooler (TEC) to solidify the water is applied to

maintain the inherent homogeneity and chemical composition of the initial liquid sample

before each LIBS analysis. This approach successfully solidified and maintained the liquid

sample at its freezing point throughout the LIBS signal acquisition process. In this work, the

qualitative analysis liquid samples and its solidified form, consisting of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0

mol/L sodium chloride (NaCl) were determined under similar experimental conditions by

using LIBS. Plasmas were produced by focusing the output of Nd: YAG laser (1064nm, 6 ns

and 1 Hz) on the surface of the bulk NaCl solution and its solidified form. LIBS signatures

for sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) atomic emission lines (589.00 and 499.55 nm,

respectively) were collected for estimating sodium and chlorine depositions in NaCl solutions

to indicate correlation between their assay and LIBS measurements. For solidified sample, Na

and Cl showed improved signal-to-noise ratio and limits of detection (47.8% and 8.8%,

respectively) without the difficulties usually associated with liquid samples, demonstrating

the benefits of this sample pre-treatment approach.

Key words: Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, liquid sample, thermoelectric cooler, sodium

chloride, LIBS signal



41

ID 56

ISOLATOR-FREE, WIDELY TUNABLE THULIUM/HOLMIUM FIBER

LASER

Ahmad Anir Syazwan Sharbirin*1, Mohammad Faizal Ismail 2 and Harith Ahmad 3

1, 2,3 Photonics Research Center, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia


An isolator-free thulium/holmium co-doped fiber laser with a broadly tunable wavelength

output is proposed and demonstrated for the first time. A theta resonator configuration is

implemented in order to produce rectification of lasing direction and also to remove the need

for an optical isolator, thus, making it a more cost-effective setup in comparison to the

conventional ring resonator. The gain medium is a thulium-sensitized holmium-doped fiber

that is capable to emit a huge range of the two-micron region, around 1800 nm to 2200 nm

when it is pumped by a C-band laser. Over 160 nm of wavelength tunability can be

generated, which covers a huge range of the two-micron region starting from 1888 nm up to a

maximum of 2048 nm. The laser generated in this work is one of the widest wavelength

tunability achieved in a thulium/holmium theta resonator setup. The tunable output is

established by employing a two-micron tunable band pass filter (TBPF) into the cavity. The

laser exhibits excellent wavelength control with its short range wavelength tuning capability,

whereby the shortest tuning spacing obtainable is as small as ~0.1 nm. Additionally, a minor

wavelength drift is observed in the optical spectrum after a one-hour long operation. The

value of the wavelength drift is also measured for all the laser peaks within the tuning range,

whereby laser lines show a small fluctuation around ~ 0.06 nm from the center wavelength.

Moreover, the tunable laser peaks maintain a strong optical-signal-to-noise (OSNR) value for

the whole tuning range, reaching more than 50 dB with a maximum output power of 6.82

mW. The isolator-free cavity indicates a significant improvement in the efficiency of the laser

in comparison to a ring cavity setup with similar components. The proposed laser would have

substantial use as a laser seed for application in sensing and spectroscopy.

Key words: Thulium/holmium, tunable fiber laser, theta resonator, isolator-free, two-micron laser



42

ID 58

HYDROPHOBIC ZINC-TELLURITE GLASS SYSTEM AS SELF-

CLEANING VEHICLE: INTERPLAY AMID SiO2 AND TeO2

Siti Nur Nazhirah Mazlan*1, Sib Krishna Ghoshal 2 and Ramli Arifin 3

1, 2,3 Advanced Optical Materials Research Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science,

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.


Cost-effective, environmental amiable and maintenance free glasses with improved

hydrophobic activity are needed for diverse industrial applications. Pollutant and dirt

depositions on glasses that cause the visual obscurity and damages of the cultural heritages

require inhibition. The underlying mechanism of hydrophobic interactions assisted self-

cleaning traits of glass is poorly understood. It has been shown that excellent hydrophobic

glass with water contact angle (WCA) above 90o and very low surface wettability can be

achieved by controlling the surface roughness (SR), where liquid droplets remain perfectly

spherical on such surfaces (literally without touching) before being self-cleaned (rolls off).

Moreover, selection and optimization of constituent materials composition as well as the

preparation technique play a significant role towards such success. Most of the previous

attempts for the self-cleaning glass preparation were made via coating strategy on glass

surface. Yet, preparation of superhydrophobic glass surfaces with self-cleaning attributes

remains an open challenge. Driven by this idea, we prepared a new glass system of

composition (80-x)TeO2-20ZnO-xSiO2 (x = 0, 0.03, 0.06, 0.09 and 0.12 mol%) by melt-

quenching method, where the proportions of SiO2 and TeO2 were interplayed. As-prepared

samples (thin pellet without coating) were characterized using atomic force microscopy

(AFM) and video contact angle (VCA) measurements. The effects of SiO2 concentration on

the glass SR, surface energy and hydrophobic properties were evaluated. Glass 0.06 mol% of

SiO2 revealed the optimal WCA of 112.39º and SR of 7.806 nm. It was established that a

trade-off between SiO2 and TeO2 contents in the studied glasses could produce super-

hydrophobic surface (WCA over 90º), leading to great opportunities for diverse self-cleaning

applications.

Key words: Hydrophobic surface, surface energy, self-cleaning, zinc-tellurite glass.



43

ID 60

CONTROLLED PHYSICAL AND OPTICAL TRAITS OF

MAGNESIUM-ZINC SULPHOPHOSPHATE GLASS: ROLE OF

EUROPIUM IONS

Ibrahim Mohammed Danmallam*1,2, Sib Krishna Ghoshal 1 , Ramli Ariffin 1 , Siti Aisha

Jupri 1 and Sunita Sharma 3

1, 2 Advance Optical Materials Research Group, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics,

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai Johor, Malaysia. 2 Sokoto Energy Research Center, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria.

3 Department of Applied Sciences, The NorthCap University, Gurugram, Haryana, India.

(E-mail: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],


Trivalent rare earth ions doped sulfophosphate glasses became demanding owing to their

several notable attributes that are advantageous for diverse photonic devices. To fulfil such

goal, preparation of sulfophosphate glasses with optimized composition by selecting

appropriate modifier and subsequent characterizations are essential. Driven by this idea, we

synthesized a new series of europium (Eu3+ ) ions doped magnesium-zinc-sulfophosphate

glasses of composition (65–x)P2O5– 20MgO-15ZnSO4–xEu2O3 (x = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0

mol%) using simple melt-quenching method. As-prepared glasses were characterized

thoroughly at room temperature via various analytical techniques to determine the Eu2O3

concentration-dependent physical and optical properties. Transparent (pinkish) and thermally

stable glasses were achieved. XRD pattern confirmed the amorphous nature of the studied

glasses. Glass density was increased from 2.603 to 2.789 g/cm-3 with the increase of Eu2O3

contents from 0 to 2.0 mol%. FTIR spectra revealed the characteristics bonding vibrations

(symmetric and asymmetric stretching and bending of vS (P-O), vaS (P-O-P), vS (P-O-P), vS

P3O, vS (P-O-P) of phosphate networks linkages. The UV-Vis-NIR spectra of the glasses

disclosed six significant absorption peaks centred at 360, 380, 394, 414, 465, and 531 nm

accompanied by two NIR peaks around 2091 and 2205 nm allocated to various transitions

from the ground state to the excited states of Eu3+ ion. Furthermore, the optical absorption

data were further used to calculate the energies of direct (2.0 to 3.85 eV) and indirect (3.74 to

5.0 eV) band gap as well as Urbach energies (0.1909 to 0.2440 eV). The photoluminescence

(PL) emission spectra of glasses displayed four peaks entered at 593, 613, 654 and 701 nm

assigned to the 5Do→7Fo, 5Do→

7F2, 5Do→

7F3 and 5Do→

7F4 transitions of Eu3+ ion. The PL peak

at 613 nm showed the highest emission intensity. The PL intensity was enhanced with the

increase of Eu3+ content up to 1.5 mol% and quenched thereafter. It was concluded that

controlled physical and optical properties can be obtained by appropriately optimizing the

glass composition useful for photonic purposes

Key words: Europium, bandgap, urbach energy, absorption, photoluminescence



44

ID 74

INVESTIGATION OF VTP:PC71BM ORGANIC COMPOSITE AS

HIGHLY RESPONSIVE ORGANIC PHOTODETECTOR

Nur Adilah Roslan *1, Shahino Mah Abdullah 2 , Wan Haliza Wan Majid 3 and

Azzuliani Supangat 4

1, 2,3,4 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur

50603,Malaysia.


.

Of late, the utilization of organic semiconductors in optoelectronic devices are gaining

momentum due to its advantages – low cost, lightweight, simple fabrication (via spin coating

and drop casting), and environmentally non-toxic nature. Naturally, researchers looked at

these advantages as an opportunity to investigate potential application of organic

semiconductors in substituting ubiquitous conventional inorganic materials in optoelectronic

devices for instance, photodetector devices. Photodetectors have great importance function in

the field of image sensors, cameras, camcorders, automation, remote sensing and optical

transmission system. Organic materials in particular are very attractive in term of their

environmental friendly, high sensitivity, cost efficient and facile deposition methods, which

include spin coating, drop casting, dip coating or spray coating directly from liquid solutions.

Since then, a lot of works have been done in utilizing organic materials for the fabrication of

organic photodetector devices. In this work, we report the use of vanadyl 3,10,17,24-tetra-

tert-butyl-1,8,15,22- tetrakis(dimethylamino)-29H,31H-phthalocyanine (VTP) in the

fabrication of organic photodetector that aimed to be more responsive in the lower region of

visible light. Using the solution processed spin coating method, the thin active layer of the

photodetector has been developed from the vanadyl 3,10,17,24-tetra-tert-butyl- 1,8,15,22-

tetrakis(dimethylamino)-29H,31H-phthalocyanine (VTP):[6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid

methyl ester (PC71BM) blend solution. The combination of VTP and PC71BM has

significantly enhanced the absorption of visible light especially below 600 nm for the

ITO/PEDOT:PSS/VTP:PC71BM/Al photodetector. The detector showed good photocurrent-

illumination linearity, fast response-recovery time, and high consistency towards the rapid

change of light intensities. It is found that the detector exhibits a good photoresponsivity of

6.0 x 10-3 A/W and fast response time of 350 ms, which is considerably practical for light

sensing application. The electrical characteristics demonstrated an improved sensing

performances and this could be attributed to the judicious selection of donor and acceptor

components, which represents of VTP and PC71BM, respectively. Finding from present

studies are expected to pave the way for considerable potential in the bioengineering

application specifically in tissue surface analysis due to the sensitive of light detector below

650 nm. Although, there is still needs further enhancement on the detector’s architecture for a

better finding for various practical use.

Key words: bulk heterojunction, photodetector, VTP, fast response, responsivity



45

ID 84

MAPPING OF TURBULENT ROUND JET DEVELOPING REGION

USING A CONSTANT TEMPERATURE ANEMOMETER (CTA)

Yaacob Mohd Rusdy*1, Rasmus Korslund Schlanderb 2, Preben Buchhavec 3 and

Velte Clara 4

1 Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal,

Malaysia. 2,4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby,

Denmark. 3 Intarsia Optics, Sønderskovvej 3, Birkerød, Denmark.

(E-mail: [email protected], [email protected],[email protected],

[email protected])

A turbulent round jet comprises not only different regions spanning the downstream direction

viz. developing and fully developed, but also different layers spanning the radial direction

viz. the jet center (surrounding the jet centerline), shear layer region and the outer region.

Free shear layer flows such as this is a classical turbulent flow of special interest for

fundamental investigation (Hinze, 1975). The fully developed jet has been extensively

studied (Hussein, Capp, & George, 1994), whereas the developing regions is much less

understood. The high shear and turbulence intensities in the most interesting parts the

developing region make them inaccessible to common measurement techniques such as

Constant Temperature Anemometry (CTA) due to the high demands on the measurement

techniques for accuracy of the measurements. Turbulence measurements are therefore

planned using our in-house Laser Doppler Anemometer (LDA) system (Preben Buchhave &

Velte, 2017) based on its capability to provide accurate measurements with the ability to

properly distinguish velocity components. A rigorous measurement with the intended LDA

system however demands impractical processing time, so knowing the critical points at which

measurement are to be taken will save valuable time. This information is herein acquired

significantly faster and more practically with single-wire CTA. A high-resolution

measurement was done using a computer-controlled single-wire CTA with the wire probe

mounted perpendicular to the incoming flow from the jet orifice. The measurement covered

several points in radial direction along x=10D, x=15D, x=20D and x=30D downstream with

resolution ranging from 1 to 3 mm between the points, depending on how far the

measurement was from the jet centerline. A proper alignment was also done prior to

measurement so that the same points can be reached again for LDA measurement on the

same jet afterwards. The radial profiles of mean velocity and turbulence intensity at each

downstream position are presented to show the statistics of the air flow inside and outside the

jet. As expected from theory, the mean profiles display a nearly Gaussian shape, spread out

and taper along the downstream direction. The highest velocities are located at the centerline.

Key words: hot wire, turbulent round jet, turbulence



46

Chemistry

ID 19

PEGYLATED OLEIC ACID- LECITHIN LIPOSOMES (POLL) FOR

THE TREATMENT OF LUNG CANCER A549

Vicit Rizal Eh Suk*1 Ivy Chung2 and Misni Misran3

1, 3 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala

Lumpur, Malaysia. 2 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala

Lumpur, Malaysia.


Cancer is still a major health issue, conferring to more than 14.5 million deaths worldwide.

The efficacy of currently available anticancer treatments is limited by insufficiency in

delivery to the tumour target tissue and its non-targeted toxic effects on normal cells.

Liposomes, self-assembly amphiphilic bilayer molecules, served as excellent alternative

vehicles due to their ability to encapsulate both hydrophobic and hydrophilic anticancer

drugs. Conventional liposomes, comprised mainly phospholipids are cost ineffective,

unstable, and easily degraded by the external environment. In this study, we introduced

PEGylated oleic acid-lecithin liposomes which were constructed by using C-18

monounsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid) and soy lecithin, in the presence of DOPEPEG2000

in pH 7.4, above their glass transition temperature, Tg, by employing the simple thin layer

lipid hydration method. Infra-red spectrum of oleic acid, soy lecithin, and DOPEPEG2000

was studied. The average particle size without further mechanical interference was 1102.3 nm

while the zeta potential value was -18 mV, which is compatible with the zeta potential of red

blood cell. The polydispersity index (PDI) was reduced 46.2% with incorporation of the

DOPEPEG2000. The morphological study using Optical Polarizing Microscope showed the

presence of spherical shape liposomes that exhibit the birefringence effect under the light

field and Maltese cross under the dark field. Encapsulation of folinic acid, methotrexate,

doxorubicin, or irinotecan resulted in greater than 75% encapsulation efficiency (EE). Half-

maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50, was significantly reduced in POLL as compared to

free anticancer drugs. Our data demonstrates POLL may be a promising alternative vehicle to

deliver various anticancer drugs to targeted tumour sites. Key words: Liposomes, oleic acid, soy lecithin, POLL, anticancer drugs



47

ID 25

SYNTHESIS, PHOTOPHYSICAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL STUDY OF

POLYMERIC PHOTOSENSITIZERS

Mohamad Faiz Othman*1, Mohd Bakri Bakar2 and Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik Malek3

1, 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310,

Johor, Malaysia. 3 Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Faculty of Biosciences and

Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor, Malaysia.


Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) is applied to any diseases contracted by a patient while

under medical care. Since the HAIs related to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) can be infected

by a contact with the contaminated surface, there is a growing interest in the design and

development of new materials that are effective in killing bacteria. In this regard,

antimicrobial treatment approach via surface coating mechanism is realized by designing

antimicrobial surfaces impregnated with certain biocides materials. In this study, the

antimicrobial coating materials were developed based on the light activated photosensitizer of

porphyrin conjugated with polymeric functionalities. Significance of this study is the

antimicrobial surface will provides different mode of actions which the porphyrin can project

the cytotoxic singlet oxygen within certain spaces using visible light and the polymeric arm

will act towards the touched bacteria.

Key words: antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial surfaces, photosensitizer, porphyrin, polymer.



48

ID 26

SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF ISOLATED COMPOUNDS FROM THE

LEAVES OF SCURRULA PARASITICA

Zairunnisa Ahmad Zainudin*1, Shajarahtunnur Jamil 2 and Muhammad Kamal

Ja’afar3

1, 2,3 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknlogi Malaysia, 81310

Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.

(E-mail: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected])

Scurrula parasitica is a member of the Loranthaceae family that has about 74 genera. It is

generally known as mistletoes and mostly distributed in tropics which are semi-parasitic

shrubs attached to the hosts by modified roots. Phytochemicals study on the dried leaves of S.

parasitica has been carried out using cold extractions methods to obtain n-hexane, ethyl

acetate and methanol crude extracts. The n-hexane crude extract afforded five compounds

namely octacosane, lupeol, lupeol palmitate, β-sitosterol and squalene while the ethyl acetate

extract was found to have quercetin. Two known compounds identified as Isolation of

kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnoside and quercitrin were elucidated from the methanol fraction.

All the structures were determined by using spectroscopic methods including ultraviolet

(UV), infrared red (IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). In biological

activity, the methanol extract showed the highest ferric reducing antioxidant potential

(FRAP) equivalent value of 4.8 ± 0.10 mM. Quercetin isolated from the ethyl acetate of S.

parasitica showed the highest ABTS and DPPH scavenging capacity with SC50 values of

0.82 and 312.01 μg/mL, respectively and showed the highest FRAP equivalent values of 3.94

± 0.49 mM.

Key words: Scurrula, loranthaceae, compound, FRAP, ABTS, DPPH



49

ID 33

THE ANALYSIS OF CONSUMER FIRECRACKER USING FTIR

SPECTROSCOPY

Mohammed Izzharif1, Sarah Othman*2 , Mohd Muzamir3 and Umi Kalsum4

1, 2,3 Faculty of Applied Sciences, University Technology MARA Shah Alam, Selangor,

Malaysia. 3 Faculty of Applied Sciences, University Technology MARA Perak, Perak, Malaysia.



During celebrations, football matches and riots, firecrackers are often used because it is cheap

and can easily be purchased by everyone. Even though the firecracker consumer is classified

as low explosives but it can be lethal. Moreover, consumer firecracker always been used as

improvised explosive device (IED) since it is easy to obtain as compared to the high

explosive device such as TNT and C4. This study proposes a simple and fast procedure for

the analysis of consumer firecracker post-blast residues by using the FTIR instrument with an

Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) accessory. In addition, the post-blast residues spectra of

several consumer firecrackers were studied in order to achieve the identification of their

original chemical compositions. This study used 5 different consumer firecrackers which are

rocket, ‘mercun bola’, ‘mercun naga’, ‘mercun gasing’ and ‘mercun mini merdeka’. All of

the samples were exploded, and their residues were sampled with dry cotton swabs and

analyzed by ATR-FTIR. As a result, the identification of the original chemical compositions

of the post-blast samples was obtained. Some of the compounds found were potassium

chlorate, barium nitrate, potassium nitrate, potassium perchlorate or charcoal. The proposed

procedure could be used as a complementary technique for the analysis of consumer

firecrackers post-blast residues. This information is useful for police laboratories in order to

identify the consumer firecrackers involved in certain incidents.

Key words: Consumer firecracker, ATR-FTIR, low explosive



50

ID 34

ANALYSIS OF INK ON PAPER USING ATR-FTIR

Mohamed Izzharif Abdul Halim *1, Sarah Nadhirah Hasrin Rathi

2. Mohd Muzamir

Mahat 3

and Umi Kalsum Abdul Karim 4

1, 2,3 Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Mara Selangor, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia.

4 Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Mara Perak, 35400 Tapah, Perak,Malaysia.


Inks are made of dyes, pigments, resins, solvents and additives which are unique for ink

identification. In forensic document examination, non-destructive technique such as

Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) is preferable as it

provide fast analysis and minimal sample preparation. However, forensic document examiner

facing difficulties in selecting the best parameter in analysing ink on paper using ATR-FTIR

technique. Therefore, this research focuses on establishing the optimize method and

discriminate different types of ballpoint pen inks based on the parameters tested. A sample

was first analysed using different types of crystals, number of scans and resolutions followed

by apodization, zero-filling and automatic atmospheric suppression to be optimized. The

optimized method was then used to analyse the chemical composition of five different

ballpoint pen inks deposited on A4 paper. Each spectrum produced was examined based on

the smoothness, sharpness, separation of the peaks and the number of noisy peaks present.

Results show that diamond crystal with the number of scans of 4 and resolution of 8 cm-1,

Happ-Genzel apodization, no zero-filling and automatic atmospheric suppression are the

optimized and best method for ballpoint pen inks on paper. Different brands of ink were able

to be discriminated using the optimized method.

Key words: Ink, ATR-FTIR, parameters



51

ID 35

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF 3-AMINOPHENOL AS SCREENING

TEST REAGENT IN DETECTION OF GUNSHOT RESIDUE (GSR)

Siti Nurhazlin Jaluddin*1, Mohamed Izzharif Abdul Halim 2 and Umi Kalsum

Abdul Karim 3

1, 2 Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Mara Selangor, 40450 Shah Alam,

Malaysia. 3 Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Mara Perak, 35400 Tapah,

Perak,Malaysia.


Gunshot residue (GSR) consists of burned and unburned particles from the propellant, primer

components, and metal contained in the projectile, as well as in the gun barrel when a gun is

discharged. In forensic ballistics, GSR particles can be detected using several screening or

presumptive tests which are mainly focus on chromophoric reaction. Most of these tests serve

as initial indication for forensic investigator at the crime scene before proceed with

instrumental analysis for definitive identification. The screening methods are known to be

convenient, fast analysis, minimal preparation and cost effective. In GSR analysis, the old

method of using Griess reagent has been replaced with Modified Griess test by substitution of

carcinogen 1-naphthylethylenediamine dihydrochloride with alpha naphthol. Nowadays, most

of forensic investigators use this test to detect the presence of nitrite with positive orange

colour on the GSR particles. However, Modified Griess test requires the use of heat which

makes it troublesome to be done in situ. In this research, 3- aminophenol has been used to

substitute alpha-naphtol in Modified Griess test with the absence of heat. The findings of this

study will be a platform for the invention of rapid test kit in the detection of GSR evidence.

Key words: Gunshot residue, modified griess test, screening method, detection of nitrite



52

ID 39

SPECTROSCOPIC IDENTIFICATION OF TRITERPENOID ESTERS

ISOLATED FROM THE LEAVES OF GLOBIMETULA BRAUNII

(ENGLER) VAN TIEGH

Muhammad Kamal Ja’afar*1,2, Shajarahtunnur Jamil 1 and Norazah Basar 1

1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor

Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. 2 Chemistry Advanced Research Center, Sheda Science and Technology Complex, Abuja-

Nigeria.


[email protected])

Medicinal plants have played a vital role as the main source of medicine in various ancient

traditional system of medication either additively, separately, or in synergy for the treatment

of various ailments. They are composed of biologically active phytochemicals such as

alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and triterpenes which possesses preventive and

medicinal properties. Globimetula braunii is a parasitic plant of Loranthaceae family which

is widely used for the management of ailments such as anaemia, cancer, malaria, epilepsy,

hypertension, skin disorders, sickle-cell and diabetes. Phytochemical investigation of the

leaves of Globimetula braunii parasitizing on P. thonningii, yielded various classes of

chemical compounds including flavonoids, flavonoid glycosides, lactones and triterpenes.

These chemical compounds were separated using different chromatographic techniques and

their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis such as 1D and 2D NMR, IR and

MS. Elucidation of six new triterpenoid esters named as globrauneine A-F will be discussed.

The isolation of these chemical compounds of diverse structural entities found as secondary

metabolites will go a long way in providing a template or lead compound for designing new

drugs. These studies have provided a sufficient understanding about the phytochemical

constituents of the leaves of Globimetula braunii that could lead to scientific proofs of their

medicinal applications.

Key words: Globimetula braunii, loranthaceae, triterpenoid esters, globrauneine A-F



53

ID 41

CHARACTERIZATION AND PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION ON A

TREATED WATER FOR PURIFICATION OF WASTEWATER

Nyiak-Tao Tang*1, Luck-Pheng Tan2 , Misni Misran1 and Chut-Ngeow Yee1

1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya,Malaysia.

3 Prime Oleochemicals Industries Sdn. Bhd., Malaysia.


[email protected])

A method of water treatment where ordinary mineral water was being ‘energized’ has been

used in many large-scale water treatment projects in Malaysia and overseas due to its

improvement not only in the quality of the polluted water, but also the sustainability of the

biological systems. This process is well illustrated by the upgrading of the river water in the

Sungai Pinang water from class V to class II. The "energized" water is prepared by a

specialized device, which is a patented technology (New Technology Number M 273565;

United States Patent Application 20060099120) based on the theory of controlling "time

parameters, quantum movements, and specific spaces". A previous study from Taipei

Medical University also reveals the potential of this treated water in improving osteoporosis

in mice. However, there is a lack of research work on the working principle and the

mechanism of action of this treated water. In this paper, we investigate some of the

theoretical basis of this technology by studying the physical and chemical properties on the

treated water such as conductivity, pH, surface tension, viscosity, density, total dissolved

solids, ultraviolet-visible spectrometry, Fourier transform – infrared, and nuclear magnetic

resonance. The result from the nuclear magnetic resonance experiment shows a significant

downward shift in hydrogen peak of ‘energized’ water as compared to untreated water. We

suggest that the functional capability of this treated water in wastewater treatment may be due

to the structural rearrangement of the water molecule, currently under investigation.

Key words: Structured water, waste water treatment, nuclear magnetic resonance



54

ID 44

SILICA COATED MAGNETIC SPOROPOLLENIN SUPPORTED

TETRAKIS (4-HYDROYLPHENYL) PORPHYRIN (THPP) FOR

SUSTAINABLE REMOVAL OF CADMIUM FROM AQUEOUS

ENVIRONMENT.

Abdul-Aziz Mohd Hassan*1,3, Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim1,2 and Mohd Bakri Bakar1

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,

81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. 2 Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and

Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru,

Johor, Malaysia. 3 Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kebbi State

University of Science and Technology Aliero, Nigeria.

(Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected],

[email protected])

Magnetic nanoparticles / SiO2 modified sporopollenin supported tetrakis (4-hydroxyl phenyl)

porphyrin adsorbent (MSp@SiO2THPP) is synthesized for the removal of Cd(II) from

aqueous solution. The adsorbent is characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry,

thermogravimetric analysis, field emission-scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive

X-Ray analysis, N2 adsorption and vibrating sample magnetometry. The effects of the pH,

initial concentrations, reaction temperature and time on the adsorption of cadmium ions by

MSp@SiO2THPP were analyzed systematically. Evaluation of its adsorption performance at

optimum conditions revealed that the adsorbent has maximum adsorption capacity of 416 mg

/g for Cd (II) at optimum pH of 7.0 using 20 mg adsorbent dose and 30 minutes contact time

at 30ᵒ C in 50– 250 ppm initial metal ion concentrations of Cadmium. Initial and final

concentrations of Cd+2 in the water samples were analyzed by AAS. Owing to the

Superparamagnetic properties with a saturation magnetization value (24.8 emu/g) of

MSp@SiO2THPP. The cadmium-loaded MSp@SiO2THPP can be quickly removed from an

aqueous solution within 45 seconds by magnetic separation. The Adsorption behavior was

studied by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms models. The values of correlation coefficient

(R2) show that the adsorption is suitably described by Langmuir model. However, kinetics

studies suggest that the adsorption followed pseudo second order rate model and

thermodynamic study of Cd(II) adsorption on the adsorbent showed that the process of

adsorption is spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Furthermore, the adsorbent exhibited

good reusability for up to seven cycles without remarkable loss of adsorption efficiency.

Key words: Agnetic sporopollenin, porphyrin, adsorption cadmium.



55

ID 47

THE STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ZEOLITE IN ACID MINE

DRAINAGE TREATMENT

Azli Sulaiman 1, Anuar Othman*2 and Ismail Ibrahim 3

1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,

81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. 2,3 Mineral Research Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,

81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.

(E-mail: [email protected], [email protected],[email protected])

Zeolite analytical grade was used in this study to adsorb certain heavy metals such as

cadmium, arsenic, zinc, etc in acid mine drainage (AMD). Six experiments with different

weights of zeolite were used to treat 500 mL of AMD sample. The respective weights of

zeolite used were 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 and 12.0 g. XRD analysis showed that the zeolite

contained chabazite. ICP-OES result showed that the concentration of heavy metals such as

arsenic, cadmium, zinc and iron in AMD had decreased after reaction with zeolite. XRF

result showed that elemental oxides in zeolite such as aluminium oxide, iron oxide,

manganese oxide and silicon dioxide had increased after reaction. The result indicated that

the elemental oxides were adsorbed in zeolite. The percentage of other elemental oxides such

as calcium and magnesium oxides were also decreased after reaction because of the reaction

between alkaline elemental oxides with sulphuric acid in AMD. The reaction also had

increased the pH value of AMD from 2.43 ± 0.01 to 2.71 ± 0.01. The use of zeolite can

reduce heavy metals concentration in AMD but only can increase the pH value of AMD

slightly.

Key words: Zeolite, acid mine drainage, heavy metals.



56

ID 50

COMPARATIVE PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL

INVESTIGATION FROM THE LEAVES, ROOT BARK AND ROOT

CORE (HEARTWOOD) OF DEINBOLLIA PINNATA (POIR.)

SCHUMACH. & THONN PLANT

Yakubu Rufai *1,2 and Norazah Basar 1

1 Department of Chemistry, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia.

2 Chemistry Department, Federal College of Education Okene P.M.B 1062 Kogi State,

Nigeria

(E-mail: [email protected] ,[email protected])

The aim of the current investigation was to identify phytochemicals and its distribution in the

various parts of Deinbollia pinnata (Poir.) Schumach. & Thonn plant presently known as

“extinct species” for research base sampling to isolate new and rare compounds.

Phytochemicals are bioactive chemicals of plant origin which are naturally synthesized and

stored in all parts of the plant; root bark, root core (heartwood), stem bark, leaves, flower,

fruits, and seeds. Phytochemical analysis for the desired plant parts of Deinbollia pinnata

from the family Sapindaceae. Our result revealed the presence of all tested phytochemicals

such as; Alkaloids, Steroids, Saponins, Terpenoids, Reducing Sugar, Phenolic, Tannins,

Fixed Oil & Fat, Proteins, Anthraquinone Glycosides, Cardiac Glycosides, Flavonoids,

Quinone and Coumarins. Leaves and root bark extract possessed all the phytochemicals

analyzed except for Proteins, Quinone, Cardiac Glycoside, and Anthraquinone for the former

and Alkaloid, Coumarins, Fixed Oil & Fat for the latter. Hexane extract from the leaves was

subjected to fractionation and purification using vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC);

column chromatography (CC) which resulted in the isolation of Squalene (1), Stigmasterol

(2) and Lupeol (3) determined spectroscopically. The current finding is a rudimental

information for the use of various parts of any plant without neglect during research findings

especially in natural product for phyto-constituents.

Key words: Sapindaceae, Deinbollia pinnata (Poir.) Schumach. & Thonn, phytochemical screening,

triterpenes



57

ID 64

SYNTHESIS OF PHOSPHORESCENT TRINUCLEAR GOLD(I)

PYRAZOLATE COMPLEX BEARING HYDROPHOBIC

AZOBENZENE SIDE-CHAINS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF

MULTIRESPONSIVE PHOTOCHROMIC COMPOUNDS

Cheow Kat Goh*1,2, Hendrik O. Lintang2,3 , Siew Ling Lee1,2 and Leny Yuliati2,3

1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor,

Malaysia. 2 Center for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial

Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia. 3 Ma Chung Research Center for Photosynthetic Pigments, Universitas Ma Chung,

65151 Malang, East Java, Indonesia.


[email protected], [email protected], [email protected],


Multiresponsive anisotropic soft matters to the external stimuli have received particular

attention for inducing excellent properties in many fields such as displays, sensor, energy,

catalysts, molecular electronics and memory. In particular, organometallic compounds such

as Group 11 azolate complexes with luminescent and liquid crystalline properties reveal

promising characteristics as supramolecular self-assembly of columnar nanostructures having

a longer phosphorescent lifetime in chemical sensors, dichroic phosphorescent ink, red-blue-

green color-switching and self-healable nanocomposites upon heating-cooling and doping-

dedoping treatments. Although self-assembled nanostructures with azobenzene moieties have

been used to study photochromic cistrans isomerization towards light irradiation, there is no

example for the utilization at the side-chains of the metal complexes. Here, we report the first

successful synthesis of phosphorescent trinuclear gold (I) pyrazolate complex bearing

hydrophobic azobenzene side-chains for the development of multiresponsive photochromic

compounds. The gold complex [Au3Pz3]Az3(C3H7)3 (7) can be synthesized in six stepwise

reactions where the synthesis of the pyrazole ligand was firstly prepared in five steps. In the

first stage, assynthesized azobenzene Az(OH)COOEt (1) was used for Williamson ether

substitution reaction with 1-bromopropane in potassium carbonate to give

Az(OC3H7)COOEt (2; 85%) and was further reduced with lithium aluminium hydride in

tetrahydrofuran to give Az(OC3H7)CH2OH (3; 47%). The resulting 3 was brominated with

methyl tetrabromide and triphenyl phosphine to produce Az(OC3H7)CH2Br (4; 20%),

followed by alkylation using acetylacetone in acetone to obtain Az(OC3H7)Acac (5; 21%).

Enamination of 5 with hydrazine monohydrate was carried out to synthesize pyrazole ligand

Az(OC3H7)PzH (6, 29%) for complexation with gold salt [Au(SMe2)]Cl under basic

potassium hydroxide (KOH) to give complex [Au3Pz3]Az3(C3H7)3 (7). By evaluting the

changes in optical properties, the resulting complex 7 will be further used to study the



58

photoisomerization of azobenzene moieties in the columnar assembly of phosphorescent

pyrazolate complex under external stimuli. It is expected that multiresponsive photochromic

compound with multi-stage transitions will be observed.

Key words: Gold(I) pyrazolate complex, azobenzene, phosphorescent



59

ID 68

BIOSYNTHESIS OF COPPER (II) OXIDE NANOPARTICLES USING

MURAYYA KOENIGGI LEAF EXTRACT AND ITS CATALYTIC

ACTIVITY IN 4-NITROPHENOL REDUCTION

Nurulhuda Binti Raja Nordin*1 and Mustaffa Shamsuddin1,2

1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM

Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. 2 Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial

Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia


Copper (II) oxides nanoparticles (CuO NPs) have a wide range of applications as catalysts.

The natural abundance of copper and its relatively low cost makes it a viable alternative to

catalysts made from expensive precious metals, such as platinum and palladium. In this

study, a rapid, simple and green method was developed for the synthesis of CuO NPs using

an aqueous extract of Murayya koeniggi leaves. Several parameters were optimized namely,

the volume of leaf extract, pH, reaction temperature and reaction time. The optimum

conditions for this biosynthesis are by using 3 mL of leaf extract volume; at pH 11 and room

temperature and completed within 50-minute reaction time. The synthesized CuO NPs were

characterized using Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared

spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscope (TEM)

analyses. The UV-Vis absorption spectra confirmed the formation of CuO NPs with

characteristic peak at 650 - 670 nm. The FTIR spectroscopic analysis of the biosynthesized

CuO NPs confirmed the surface adsorption of the bioactive components in the leaf extract

that acted as the reducing agent and stabilizing agent for the metal nanoparticles. XRD

analysis showed a series of diffraction peaks at 2θ of 32.5o, 35.5o, 38.6o, 48.8o, 53.4o, 58.1o,

61.5o and 66.3o, 68.0o, 72.4o and 75.0o which were assigned to (110), (002), (111), (−202),

(020), (202), (−113), (220), (311) and (-222) planes respectively. The XRD spectrum clearly

suggested the crystalline nature of the CuO NPs synthesized from leaf extract Murayya

koeniggi. From TEM images, CuO NPs was spherical shape with mean diameter of 8.4 nm.

The biosynthesized CuO NPs demonstrated good catalytic activity on the reduction 4-

nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol in the presence of sodium borohydride, NaBH4 and can be

reused three times without significant decrease in the catalytic activity.

Key words: Copper (II) oxides nanoparticles, biosynthesis, Murayya koeniggi, catalysts



60

ID 69

BIOSYNTHESIZED GOLD NANOPARTICLES SUPPORTED ON

MAGNETIC CHITOSAN MATRIX AS CATALYST FOR REDUCTION

OF 4-NITROPHENOL

Norfazreen Saffee *1, Mustaffa Shamsuddin 1,2 and Khairil Juhanni Abd Karim 1

1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM

Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. 2 Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial

Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia.

(E-mail: [email protected],[email protected],

[email protected])

The design and environmentally-safe synthesis of magnetically recoverable solid-supported

metal nanoparticles with remarkable stability and catalytic performance has significant

industrial importance. In the present study, we have developed an inexpensive bioinspired

approach for assembling gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in magnetic chitosan network under

green, mild and scalable condition. AuNPs were well loaded on the surface of the magnetic

support due to the presence of hydroxyl (-OH) and amino (-NH2) groups in chitosan

molecules that provided the driving force for the complexation reaction with the Au(III) ions.

Complete reduction of the Au(III) to Au(0) is achieved by using Melicope ptelefolia aqueous

leaf extract. The synthesized magnetic chitosan supported biosynthesized Au nanocatalyst

was characterized using FT-IR, CHN, TEM, XRD and AAS analysis. FTIR spectrum of

magnetic chitosan shows peaks at 1570 cm-1 indicative of N-H bending vibration and 577

cm-1 which designates the Fe-O bond. CHN analytical data further supported the coating of

chitosan onto the magnetite. TEM analysis shows amorphous layer around the magnetite core

which supported the coating of chitosan on the magnetite surface and average particle size of

AuNPs calculated was 7.34 ± 2.19 nm. XRD analysis shows six characteristics peaks for

magnetite corresponding to (220), (311), (400), (422), (511) and (440) in both the magnetite

and magnetic chitosan samples as (JCPDS file, PDF No. 65-3107). Meanwhile, XRD analysis

of catalyst shows characteristic peaks of AuNPs at (111), (200), and (220) as (JCPDS file,

PDF No.04-0784). AAS analysis also shows presence of AuNPs as 9.19% Au loading was

detected. The as-synthesized magnetically recoverable Au nanocatalyst shows good catalytic

performance in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) in the

presence of hydrazine hydrate. The highest rate constant obtained using 15 mg of catalyst is

0.0055 s-1.

Key words: Magnetic chitosan, gold nanoparticles, biosynthesis, melicope ptelefolia, 4-nitrophenol



61

ID 77

EFFECTS OF CITRIC ACID ON THE SURFACE AREA AND

PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF LAFEO3 NANOPARTICLE

PREPARED BY GLUCOSE-BASED GEL COMBUSTION METHODS

Norsyazwani Yahya*, Farhana Aziz , Mika Angelika O Enriquez , A. Jamaludin, Muhd

Arif Aizat , Juhana Jaafar , W.J. Lau, Norhaniza Yusof , Wan Norhayati Wan Salleh

and Ahmad Fauzi Ismail

Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Chemical and Energy

Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor Bahru,Malaysia.


In this study, the effects of citric acid addition on glucose-based gel combustion methods to

synthesize lanthanum orthoferrites (LaFeO3) were investigated in terms of surface area and

photocatalytic activity. The synthetisized samples was calcined at 400°C and characterized

using Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy

(FESEM), UV-Vis Spectrometer measurement and Total Organic Carbon (TOC). The results

of BET and morphology indicated sample synthesized from citric acid addition, was

homogenous with fine spherical shape-like and have high specific surface area (70 m2/g). On

the contrary, sample synthesized without addition of citric acid was agglomerated and have

lower specific surface area (3.89 m2/g). Besides that, the effects of operating parameters such

as irradiation times, catalyst dosage and initial concentration on photocatalytic degradation of

humic acid were also examined. Overall, addition of citric acid used in this study induced

homogenous and specific surface area of nanoparticles LaFeO3 and thus, showed effective

photocatalytic activity for removal humic acid from aqueous solution. Key words: Lanthanum orthoferrite, gel-combustion, citric acid, photocatalytic activity, humic acid



62

ID 78

PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF PHENOL BY LAFEO3

NANOCRYSTALLINE SYNTHESIZED BY GEL COMBUSTION

METHOD VIA CITRIC ACID ROUTE

Muhd Arif Aizat *, Farhana Aziz, Mohd Nazri Mohd Sokri, Muhammad Syamim

Sahimi, Norsyazwani Yahya, Juhana Jaafar, Wan Norhayati Wan Salleh, Norhaniza

Yusof and Ahmad Fauzi Ismail

Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Chemical and Energy

Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor Bahru,Malaysia.


[email protected])

Focusing on the photocatalytic degradation of phenol under visible light, the synthesized

lanthanum orthoferrites (LaFeO3) by gel combustion method using citric acid as sacrificial

agent were investigated. With the highest reaction temperature of 200°C, the

physicochemical properties of synthetisized samples were characterized using Transimission

Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDS), Brunauer-

Emmet-Teller (BET), and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. On the other hand, UV-Vis

spectroscopy and High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis were carried

out to determine the phenol photodegradation activities. The results suggested the well-

defined LaFeO3 nanocrystals with specific area of 28 m2 g-1 were successfully synthesized.

Besides that, variations in operating parameters such as pH, catalyst dosage and initial

concentration of phenol in synthetic wastewater were also examined. In conclusion, LaFeO3

nanocrystalline exhibited an exceptional photocatalytic activity for phenol degradation, thus

providing a perfect alternative for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment. Key words: Lanthanum orthoferrite, gel combustion, citric acid, photocatalytic activity, phenol



63

ID 79

THE EFFECT OF INCORPORATION OF LAYERED DOUBLE

HYDROXIDE INTO THIN FILM NANOCOMPOSITE

NANOFILTRATION MEMBRANE FOR DIVALENT SALTS

FILTRATION

Muhammad Hanis Tajuddin*1, Norhaniza Yusof 2 , Mohd Saiful Adzhar M Sariff 3,

Wan Norharyati Wan Salleh 4 and Ahmad Fauzi Ismail 5

1, 2,3,4,5 Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical &

Energy Engineering (FCEE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor

Malaysia.



Thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane with layered double hydroxides (LDH)-carbonate

incorporated into polyamide (PA) selective layer has been developed for magnesium chloride

salt removal. The loading of 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 wt% of LDH were dispersed in the

trimesoyl chloride (TMC) in n-hexane as organic solution and embedded into PA layer

during interfacial polymerization with piperazine. The fabricated membranes were further

characterized to evaluate its morphological structure and membrane surface hydrophilicity.

The TFN membranes performance were evaluated with divalent salt magnesium sulphate

(MgCl2) removal and compared with thin film composite (TFC). After the addition of LDH,

the morphological structures of TFN membranes were changed and the surface hydrophilicity

were enhanced significantly. Incorporation of LDH has improved the permeate water flux by

28% compared to that of TFC membrane with high rejection of 98% MgCl2 . This study has

experimentally validated the potential of LDH to improve the divalent salt separation

performance for TFN membranes.

Key words: Layered double hydroxides, thin film nanocomposite, magnesium chloride



64

ID 81

COMBINATION OF SENSORY, CHROMATOGRAPHIC AND

CHEMOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF VOCs FOR THE DISCRIMINATION

OF AUTHENTIC AND INAUTHENTIC HARUMANIS MANGO

Siti Raihan Zakaria *1, Norashikin Saim 2 and Rozita Saim 2

1 Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang, 26400 Jengka, Pahang,

Malaysia 2 Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam,

Selangor, Malaysia.

(E-mail:[email protected], [email protected],

[email protected])

This study analyzed the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of three mango varieties

(Harumanis ,Tong Dam and Susu) for the discrimination of the authentic Harumanis with the

other mangoes. The VOCs of these mangoes were extracted and analyzed nondestructively

using HS-SPME coupled to GC-MS. Prior to the analytical method, two simple sensory

analysis were carried out to assess the ability of the consumers to differentiate between the

authentic and inauthentic Harumanis and also their preferences towards these mangoes. The

duo trio sensory analysis test carried out on 30 respondents showed that only 57% of the

respondents managed to differentiate between whole Harumanis and Tong Dam mango and

the significant parameter recorded was only the aroma. A mixed phase SPME coating, 65 μm

polydimethyl siloxane–divinylbenzene (DVB/PDMS) was exposed in the glass chamber

containing a fresh whole mango tested for 30 minutes at 40°C allowing the identification of

123 compounds in the three varieties of mango. Amongst them, only thirty one presented

chromatographic peaks with relative areas larger than 2% were further evaluated using

multivariate techniques. The chemical fingerprinting analysis showed similar patterns in the

Harumanis mango from different sources with three significant chemical markers discovered

which were beta-ocimene, trans-beta-ocimene and allo-ocimene at these retention times

11.144 mins, 11.418 mins and 13.874 mins respectively. The multivariate analysis namely

CA, DA and PCA were successful in identifying the grouping tendencies of the mango

samples according to the presence of their respective volatile compounds thus enabled the

identification of the groups of substances responsible for the discrimination between the

authentic and inauthentic Harumanis mangoes. In addition, three ocimene compounds namely

beta ocimene, trans beta ocimen and allo ocimene can be considered as chemical markers of

Harumanis mango as these compounds exist in all Harumanis mango regardless the different

sources of the mangoes obtained. On the other hand, all these ocimene compounds did not

appear in the inauthentic Harumanis volatile profile. Nevertherless, these ocimene

compounds also appeared to have strong loadings along with beta myrcene and heicosene.

Key words: Harumanis, sensory analysis, chemometrics and authentication

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Organized By:

Postgraduate Student Society of Faculty of Science (PGSSFS), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

In Collaboration With

Faculty of Science,

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia &

School of Postgraduate Studies,

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Documents

Abstracts of UTM-Emerging Scientist Conference 2018 (UTM ... · Nor Raihan Mohamad Asimoni, Nurul Farahain Mohammad, Abdul Rahman Mohd Kasim and Sharidan Shafie 4 The independence