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Paper title: Quantifying soil erodibility parameters due to wastewater chemicals
Authors: Mohammed Nsaif Abbas, Abdul-Sahib Al-Madhhachi and Sarah Ali Esmael
Abstract: Many factories and hospitals dumped their wastewater into Tigris River
without any treatment in Baghdad city. This could influence on soil erodibility on Tigris
Riverbanks. Phenol, Nitrate, and Phosphate were considered as huge concentrations in
wastewater chemicals. The main objectives of this research were: 1) to investigate the
influence of three wastewater chemicals on erodibility parameters of cohesive soils
using Blaisdells solution and scour depth solution techniques from jet erosion tests
(JETs); 2) to develop relationship between erodibility parameters and soil hardness. An
excess shear stress model was utilized to measure soil erodibility based on two
empirical soil parameters: critical shear stress (τc) and erodibility coefficient (kd). The
results showed a constantly increased in kd for all three wastewater chemicals at
different curing times and concentrations, while τc values were decreased. An inverse
relationship was developed between τc and kd for both Blaisdells solution and scour
depth solution techniques.
Journal: International Journal of Hydrology Science and Technology (IJHST); Volume 9,
Issue 5, in press, September, 2019.
Keywords: wastewater chemicals; soil erodibility parameters; polluted soils; jet erosion
test; JET.
DOI: 10.1504/IJHST.2019.10016884
Paper Title: Catalytic Oxidative and Adsorptive Desulfurization of Heavy Naphtha
Fraction
Authors: Mohammed Nsaif Abbas and Hayder Abdulkhaleq Alalwan
Abstract: Catalytic removal of sulfur compounds from heavy naphtha (HN) was
investigated using a combination of an oxidation process using hydrogen peroxide and
an adsorption process using granulated activated carbon (GAC) and white eggshell
(WES). This study investigated the impact of changing several operating parameters on
the desulfurization efficiency. Specifically, the volume ratio of H2O2 to HN (0.01~0.05),
agitation speed (Uspeed) of the water bath shaker (100-500 ± 1 rpm), pH of sulfur
solution (1~5), amount of adsorbent (0.1~2.5 g), desulfurization temperature (25~85 ±
1 °C) and contact time (10~180 minutes) were examined. The results indicate that the
desulfurization efficiency resulting from catalytic and adsorption processes of GAC is
better than that of WES for oxidation and removing sulfur compounds from HN due to
its high surface area. The desulfurization efficiency depends strongly on all investigated
operating parameters. The maximum removal efficiency of GAC and WES achieved by
this study was 86 and 65, respectively.
Journal: Korean Chemical Engineering Research, Volume 57, Issue 2, in press. , April,
2019
Keywords: Naphtha, Eggshell, Desulfurization, Adsorption, Activated carbon.
https://doi.org/10.9713/kcer.2019.57.2.1
Paper Title: Removal of Toxic Copper Ions from Contaminated Water and Preparation
of Rodenticide from the Residues Accessing to Zero Residue Level (ZRL)
Authors: Suadat Mustafa Mohammed Al-Hermizy, Nagham Saddon Ibrahim,
Mohammed Nsaif Abbas and Thekra Atta Ibrahim
Abstract: This paper is related to study the potential of Lemon Peel Residue (LPR) for
removing copper ions (Cu+2) from simulated synthesis aqueous solutions (SSAS) using
various operating parameters by adsorption technique in adsorption unit. Results show
that the removal efficiency was 97.82% for copper ions from SSAS and the efficiency
was decreased with increasing of initial concentration, and SSAS flow rate while the
removal efficiency increased with increasing pH, height of adsorbent material in
adsorption bed and treatment time. The waste of lemon peel residue (remaining after
adsorbed copper) was collected and sorted to investigate the utilization of it in useful
method. One of suggested methods is to prepare a cheap rodenticide from these LPR
waste without any further treatment and tested on laboratory rats. The results explain
that the LPR adsorb copper ions showed a good behavior as rodenticide for Sprague
dawley rats (Rattus rattus) and the calculated half lethal dose (LD50) was identical with
the LD50 cited in literature. By this way it can obtain different benefits which are:
remove the copper ions from polluted solution, get rid of agricultural waste lemon peel
residue and in the same time, prepare a cheap and active rodenticide. It can discard
more type of waste in a benefit, non-cost and eco-friendly method accessing to zero
residue level (ZRL).
Journal: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences,
Volume 21, Issue 1, pp: 12-19, (2019).
Keywords: Adsorption, copper, Lemon peel, Sprague dawley rats, Rodenticide and ZRL.
Paper Title: Adsorption of thallium ion (Tl+3) from aqueous solutions by rice husk in a
fixed-bed column: Experiment and prediction of breakthrough curves
Authors: Hayder Abdulkhaleq Alalwan, Mohammed Nsaif Abbas, Zaidun Naji Abudi and
Alaa Hani Alminshid
Abstract: This study examined the use of rice husk, an inexpensive biosorbent material,
for removing thallium ions (Tl+3) from aqueous solutions in a continuous fixed-bed
adsorption column. The impact of adsorbent bed height (from 1 to 7 cm), influent flow
rate (from 0.4 ×10−3 to 1×10−3 m3/min), Tl+3 concentration (from 10 to 40 g/m3),
solution pH (from 5 to 12), and influent temperature (278 to 308 K) on breakthrough
curves was analyzed. To identify the design parameters needed to scale up the system,
the results were compared to three models, namely, Thomas, Yoon–Nelson, and Bed
Depth Service Time (BDST). The experimental results were found to be well described
by these kinetic models. The results confirmed the dependence of the breakthrough
and saturation points on the examined variables. The system displayed excellent
efficiency, achieving full (100%) removal of Tl+3 in the first 20 min at optimum
conditions. The results show that increasing the bed depth and decreasing the influent
flow rate as well as the initial Tl+3 concentrations improves removal efficiency.
Increasing the pH to an optimal value of ten was found to increase Tl+3 uptakes, after
which any further increase of the pH inhibited adsorption due to the precipitation of
Tl+3 as a salt. Increasing the solution temperature from 278 to 298 K was found to
enhance the removal percentage which indicates that the adsorption is endothermic.
However, further increasing of the temperature to 308 K was found to increase the
solubility of Tl+3 in the solution which inhibits its adsorption on the adsorbent surface.
Journal: Environmental Technology and Innovation; Volume 12, pp: 1-13, November,
(2018).
Keywords: Thallium, Rice husk, Breakthrough curve, Adsorption, Kinetic models, Fixed-
bed.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2018.07.001
Paper Title: Treatment of Aqueous Solutions Contaminated by Heavy Metals with
Low-Cost Adsorbent
Authors: Thekra Atta Ibrahim, Firas Saeed Abbas, and Mohammed Nsaif Abbas
Abstract: This paper is related to study the potential of orange peel on the removal of
copper ions from simulated wastewater using different design parameters by
adsorption technique. The operating parameters studied to adsorb copper ions using
orange peel as an adsorbent material were initial concentration of copper, absorbance
material packing height which was orange peel, pH of copper feed inlet solution, and
treatment time, these parameters were varied from (1-100) mg/l, (10-50) cm, (1-8),
and (1-60) min respectively. All experiments were carried out at constant feed flow
rate (1 l/min) and constant temperature 25°C. Results show that the higher removal
efficiency was 89.25 % for copper from aquatic solution and this efficiency was
decreased with increasing of initial concentration and pH while the removal efficiency
increased with increasing adsorbent material bed height and contact time. The
residues of orange peels that loaded with copper ions were prepared to use it as a
rodenticide by applying it on the laboratory rats and calculate the half lethal dose
(LD50). The residues show a good ability to use it as a rodenticide and the LD50
calculated was in the same range mentioned in the literature. By this way, it can
possess different benefits in the same time, which are remove the toxic copper ions
from contaminated the water by highly efficiency, get rid of agricultural waste orange
peel and finally prepare an active, cheap and simple rodenticide. So, it can discard
more toxic waste in a coast and eco-friendly method accessing to Zero Residue Level
(ZRL) concept.
Journal: Scholars Bulletin (Engineering); Volume 4, Issue 8, pp: 706-714, August, (2018).
Keywords: Copper ions, adsorption, toxic, rodenticide, Sprague dawley, and ZRL.
DOI: 10.21276/sb.2018.4.8.3. ISSN 2412-9771
Paper Title: Treatment of Polluted Aqueous Solutions with different types of Dyes by
Eggplant Peels Accessing to Zero Residue Levels
Authors: Mohammed Nsaif Abbas, Firas Saeed Abbas, and Thekra Atta Ibrahim
Abstract: This paper is related to study the potential of eggplant peel (EP) to remove
nine types of dyes (which were acid orange, brilliant green, Congo red, crystal violent,
direct black, direct brown, indigo carmine, methylene blue, and yellow dye) from
simulated synthetic aqueous solutions (SSAS) using immobilized Polyphenol Oxidase
(PPO) enzyme extracted from EP and adsorption process. Results show high ability of
PPO to remove dyes with an efficiency reach to 99%. The residue from PPO extraction
from EP was investigated to remove the same dyes as adsorbent media. Higher
removal efficiency were (93.15, 95.25, 92.55, 94.75, 92.85, 94.65, 90.25, 91.35 and
93.40)% for acid orange, brilliant green, Congo red, crystal violent, direct black, direct
brown, indigo carmine, methylene blue, and yellow dye respectively.
Journal: International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and
Technology (IJSRSET), Volume 4, Issue 9, pp: 525-533, November, (2018).
Keywords: Eggplant Peel, Dyes, PPO, Adsorption, Residue and ZRL.
Paper Title: Study of the effect of pesticide 2,4-D on the histological structure of the
lungs in the albino mice (Mus musculus)
Authors: Ibtisam Khalaf Abd ali, Thekra Atta Ibrahim, Asraa Dawod Farhan and
Mohammed Nsaif Abbas
Abstract
Objective: Study of the effect of pesticide 2,4-D on the histological structure of the
lungs in the albino mice (Mus musculus)
Methods: The study involved the use of (20) male mice. The animals were divided into
three groups, the first one was control group included the mice that dosage with
physiological saline solution, while the other group included the mice that treated with
150 mg/kg 2,4-D. the final group was consist of mice treated with 200 mg/kg of 2,4-D.
then the animals were dissected after 30 days for the removal of lungs, then it was
fixed by fixative solutions after that a serial of histological sections preparations were
conducted.
Result: Structural changes were found in the experimental pesticide 2,4-D group
compared to the controls, showed that the lung has been necrosis of alveolar and
alveolar sacs cells as well as an enlarged cavity and the appearance of spaces between
the mucosa and submucosa tunica in the respiratory bronchioles, And also fibrosis in
the surrounding smooth muscle fibers . It was also observed that there was
inflammatory cells, edema, and space appear between the mucosa and submucosa
layer of the bronchioles terminated.
Conclusion: pesticide 2,4-D has toxic effects on the lung tissue resulting in interstitial
fibrosis.
Journal: Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Volume 10, Issue 6, pp: 1418-
1421, August, (2018).
Keywords: Pesticide, Alveolar, Lung, Pulmonary blood vessels, Interstitial fibrosis.
Paper Title: Utility of Cyanide Ion Remediation Residues to Prepare Active
Rodenticide Accessing to Zero Residue Level: Sprague Dawley Rats Rattus rattus as
Case Study
Authors: Suadat Mustafa Mohammed, Nisreen Sabbar, Ahmed Alaa Hussain and
Mohammed Nsaif Abbas
Abstract: This study was examined the possibility of pomegranate peel residue (PPR)
(which remains after extraction of antioxidants (phenolics)) for removing polluted
cyanide ions from aqueous solutions using several operational factors via adsorption
technique. The operational factors studied included initial concentration of (CN- ), pH
of aqueous solution, flowrate of the aqueous solution inside the adsorption unit, height
of adsorption media and time of treatment. By means of changing the aforementioned
variables within particular empirical ranges, the best operational conditions were
identified that gave the highest percentage removal of cyanide ion from aqueous
solutions which reach to 95.75%. The samples of PPR remaining after completion the
adsorption process explained above have been used to prepare an effective toxic
material for rodents. The lethal effect of this cheap rodenticide was investigated using
laboratory rats of type Sprague Dawley (which has the scientific name Rattus rattus) as
a case study. These toxic residues exhibited a fatal effect on this type of rats depending
on the calculated half lethal dose (LD50) of its which was compared with the (LD50)
mentioned in literature and scientific references and showed that it was within the
required range. In this method, more than one type of toxic and nontoxic wastes was
disposed by simple, benefit, non-cost and environment friendly way. This way
represents by eliminating the cyanide ions from aqueous solutions to minimum
possible concentration using non-valuable agricultural wastes (PPR) and in the same
time preparing a cheap and active rodenticide according to lethal dose (LD50) calculated
accessing to zero residue level (ZRL)
Journal: Tikrit Journal of Pure Science Volume 23, Issue 2, pp: 30-40, (2018).
Keywords: Pomegranate peel, cyanide ion, adsorption, Sprague Dawley Rats and zero
residue level (ZRL).
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.23.2018.025
Paper Title: Rhenium Separation from Aqueous Solutions by Rice Husk
Authors: Salem Jawad Kaduma, Zaidun Naji Abudi, Mohammed Nsaif Abbas and
Thekra Atta Ibrahim
Abstract: The readily accessible, highly efficient and cheaply adsorbents of Iraqi Rice
Husk (IRH) was applied for separation of rhenium (Re) from aqueous solution. Different
operation parameters were studied which were initial Re concentration, absorbance
material packing height, pH of aqueous solution, contact time, flow rate and feed
temperature. It was found that Re could be adsorbed quantitatively (above 90%) on
IRH in the pH range of 1.0-3.0. For other parameters, when flow rate and initial
concentration were decreasing the percentage removal was increased, and vice versa
with respect to contact time and the height of adsorbent. Best kinetic and isotherm
results were achieved by that the pseudo-second-order and Freundlich isotherm
equations, respectively. Thus, IRH as the sorbent was successfully applied to the
separation of Re from the aqueous solution with satisfactory results.
Journal: Journal University of Kerbala, Volume 16, Issue 1, pp: 192-201, (2018),
Scientific.
Keywords: Rhenium, rice husk, adsorption, kinetics and isotherm.
Paper Title: Morphological description and histological structure of the Hedgehog
Kidney (Hemiechinus auritus)
Authors: Thekra Atta Ibrahim, Mohammed Nsaif Abbas, Luay Qasim, Ashwaq Talib,
and Mohammed Ali
Abstract: This study was aimed to recognize the morphological description and
histological structure of the kidney in hedgehog (Hemiechinus auritus). The
morphological results showed that the kidney has a small bean shape and reddish
brown color. It was situated on both side of the anterior lumbar vertebra in the
abdominal cavity behind the peritoneum. The kidney was surrounded by connective
tissues capsule. Histological results clarify that the kidney was characterized by two
regions, outer called cortex and inner called medulla. Glomeruli densely distributed in
the cortex region with mean diameter of 78 μm, also the cortex contains segments of
proximal convoluted tubules and distal convoluted tubules. On the other hand the
medulla region consist of both thick and thin segments of Henle’s loop in addition to
sections of collecting tubules which forms radial structures which are known as the
medullary rays. The histological results also showed that, the renal corpuscle is formed
by the glomeruli that is surrounded by Bowman’s capsule, the proximal convoluted
tubules, Henle’s loop, the distal convoluted tubules and collecting tubules. The
proximal convoluted tubules connected with Bowman’s capsule and lined by simple
cuboidal epithelial tissue based on a basement membrane while the free surface was
covered with brush border. The results demonstrated that thin segments of the
Henley’s loop were started from the end of the proximal convoluted tubule, extend
inside of the medulla and lined by simple squamous epithelial tissue. Whilst the thick
segments of the Henle’s loop were lined by simple cuboidal epithelial tissue. The
current study clarify that, the distal convoluted tubules were lined by simple cuboidal
epithelium rested on basement membrane and the free surface covered by small
protrusions. Furthermore, the histological examination revealed that the collecting
tubules were lined by simple cuboidal epithelium and the free surface of its cells had a
cover of a few and short protrusions.
Journal: Tikrit Journal of Pure Science, Volume 22, Number 9, pp: 20-25, (2017).
Keywords: kidney, hedgehog, proximal convoluted tubules, distal convoluted tubules
and Henley’s loop.
Paper Title: Removal of Pesticides from Iraqi Soils and Water
Authors: Ghazi Maleh Mutter, Mohammed Nsaif Abbas and Sana Sami Aziz
Abstract: Contamination of soil and water with various types of pesticides, resulting
from accidental spills at agrochemical manufacturing, formulation, and distribution
facilities, farm loading/washdown sites, or abandoned waste sites, is a serious
environmental problem in many places in the world. The remediation of two types of
pesticides which were (carbofuran and chlorpyrifos) from three types of Iraqi soils
(sandy, silty and clayey) was investigated in the present study. The treatment process
was performed through washing method using distilled water in batch mode then; a
continuous fixed bed unit was used to perform the removal of the same two types of
pesticides from wasted washing polluted water using adsorption technique at different
operating conditions with low-cost adsorbents which were watermelon peel (WP) and
used tea leaves (UTL). The results show that the maximum removal efficiencies of
pesticide from polluted soils were 81.268, 99.531 and 89.151 for clayey, sandy and silty
soils respectively for carbofuran and 77.420, 94.790 and 85.481 for clayey, sandy and
silty soils respectively for chlorpyrifos. Adsorption isotherm and kinetic models have
been used to fit the experimental data. Finally, in this study a novel way was suggested
and experimented as a safe, economic, beneficial and ecofriendly non-conventional
method to get rid of the WP and UTL loaded with carbofuran and chlorpyrifos
pesticides wasted. This method was trying to convert these toxic residues to applicable
useful material like rodenticide. The results show that good ability for these residue to
be an active rodenticide through the LD50 calculated.
Journal: Civil and Environmental Research; Volume 8, Issue 2, pp: 27-55, (2016).
Paper Title: Phosphorus removal from wastewater using rice husk and subsequent
utilization of the waste residue
Authors: Mohammed Nsaif Abbas
Abstract: The removal of phosphor ions from an aqueous solution by adsorption by a
low cost material, namely rice husk (RH), was investigated using different design
parameters. The design parameters studied were the initial concentration of
phosphorus (Co) (1–100 mg/l), the absorbance media bed height (hb) (10–100 cm), the
pH of the phosphorus feed inlet (pH) (1-8), the treatment time (t) (1–60 min), feed flow
rate (F) (5–100 ml/min), and feed temperature (Tf) (20–55°C). The results show that the
percent removal efficiency decreased with increasing initial concentration and flow
rate while it increased with increasing pH, absorbance material bed height, and feed
temperature. The highest removal efficiency of phosphor ions achieved was 95.16%
under optimum operating conditions (Co = 1 mg/l), (hb = 100 cm), and (pH 8),
treatment time (t = 60 min), feed flow rate (F = 5 ml/min), and (Tf = 55°C). A statistical
model was derived to find a general equation to relate all the operating parameters.
Utilization of the huge amount of RH loaded with phosphor ions remaining after
treatment in a useful method was also tested. One of these methods was to use the
left over RH as cheap compost and this was tested for a tomato crop. In this way the
process can present different benefits which are: to remove phosphor ions from
contaminated water, to make good use of agricultural waste RH, and at the same time
prepare a cheap fertilizer from the left over RH. This method can process a greater
amount of waste in an economic and eco-friendly method.
Journal: Desalination and Water Treatment; Volume 55, Issue 4, pp: 970-977, (2015).
Keywords: Rice husk; Phosphorus; Aqueous solutions; Adsorption; Residue and
wastewater.
doi: 10.1080/19443994.2014.922494
Paper Title: Pesticides Remediation from Soil and Water Accessing to Zero Residue
Level
Authors: Mohammed Nsaif Abbas and Abdul-Sahib T. Al-Madhhachi
Abstract: Contamination of soil and water with various types of pesticides, resulting
from accidental spills at agrochemical manufacturing, formulation, and distribution
facilities, farm loading/washdown sites, or abandoned waste sites, is a serious
environmental problem in many places in the world. The remediation of two types of
pesticides which were (pirimicarb and imidacloprid) from three types of Iraqi soils
(sandy, silty loam, and clayey) was investigated in this study. The treatment process for
soils was carried out through washing method using distilled water in a packed bed
column then; a continuous fixed bed unit was used to perform the removal of the same
two types of pesticides from wasted washing polluted water using adsorption
technique at different operating conditions with low-cost adsorbents: watermelon peel
(WP) and used tea leaves (UTL). The results show that the maximum removal
efficiencies of pesticide from polluted soils were 75.375, 86.283, and 99.786
percentage for clayey, silty loam, and sandy soils, respectively, of pirimicarb pesticides,
and 71.651, 77.708, and 93.278 percentage for clayey, silty loam, and sandy soils,
respectively, of imidacloprid pesticides. Finally, in this study a novel way was suggested
and experimented as a safe, economic, beneficial, and eco-friendly non-conventional
method to get rid of the WP and UTL loaded with pirimicarb and imidacloprid
pesticides wasted. This method was trying to convert these toxic residues to applicable
useful material like rodenticide. The results show that good ability for these residues to
be an active rodenticide through the calculated mean lethal dosage, LD50.
Journal: International Journal of Scientific Research in Science; Engineering and
Technology (IJSRSET), Issue 3, Volume 1, pp: 40-49, May-June, (2015).
Keywords: Pirimicarb pesticides, imidacloprid pesticides, watermelon peel, used tea
leaves.
Paper Title: Application of Used Tea Leaves for Multi Functions
Authors: Mohammed Nsaif Abbas
Abstract: Agricultural residues are considered itself as important source for many
useful substances; e. g. used tea leaves (UTL) containing enzymes which are necessary
in some biological fields as well as it has many environmental and agricultural uses. In
this paper the exploitation from UTL was conducted by firstly extraction of peroxidase
enzyme from UTL, then remove of zinc ions from simulated synthetic aqueous solution
(SSAS) by the residue i.e. (UTLR), after that preparing promoted activated carbon from
(UTLR) i.e. (ACUTLR), thereafter remove thiophenol (as a model of sulfur and phenolic
compounds) from SSAS using prepared ACUTLR and finally prepare rodenticide from
the adsorption process of thiophenol. The results show the ability of UTL to produce a
suitable amount of peroxidase enzyme and also show good capability to remove zinc
ions from SSAS while promoted activated carbon prepared ACUTLR exhibit perfect
portability to eliminate thiophenol from SSAS. The waste of process demonstrates high
performance when used as rodenticide. By this way it can get rid from one of more
agricultural wastes amount which is UTL, produced benefit substance i.e. peroxidase
enzyme, remove zinc ions polluted water, prepare promoted activated carbon
(ACUTLR) and eliminate thiophenol contaminant from SSAS with suitable, economic,
benefit and eco-friendly method.
Journal: European Academic Research; Volume II, Issue 7, pp: 8660-8690, October,
(2014).
Keywords: used tea leaves, multi-functions, eco-friendly method.
Paper Title: Reactive Distillation for Phenol Production Using Different Types of
Zeolite Prepared from Rice Husk
Authors: Wadood Tahir Mohammed and Mohammed Nsaif Abbas
Abstract: Production of phenol from exothermic cleavage reaction of cumene
hydroperoxide (CHP) was investigated by using reactive distillation technique in the
presence of prepared zeolite catalysts from rice husk. Three types of catalysts have
been prepared from Iraqi rice husk (IRH) as a source of silica, faujasite type Y–zeolite,
β–zeolite and ZSM–5 zeolite. They have been tested as catalyst in the reactive
distillation for phenol production at different variables. These are, feed temperature
(55–95 oC), liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) (1-5 h-1) and bed height (20 and 30 cm),
keeping the reaction at atmospheric pressure. The results analysis shows that cumene
hydroperoxide conversion was 100% while percent yield of phenol were 60.39, 57.02
and 46.42 for ZSM–5, β–zeolite and Y–zeolite catalysts respectively. In the theoretical
part, rate based or non-equilibrium (NEQ) mathematical model was developed taking
into account the effect of mass and heat transfer in material and energy balances using
MATLAB and FORTRUN simultaneously to solve Material Balance (M), Phase
Equilibrium (E), Summation Equations (S), Energy Balance (H), and Reaction Rate
Equation (R), i.e, MESHR. The results showed that this model gave fair agreement with
the experimental study.
Journal: International Journal of Science and Technology; Volume 3, No. 8, August,
(2014).
Keywords: Phenol production, cumene hydroperoxide cleavage, zeolite, rice husk, RD
simulation.
Paper Title: Removal of Phenol from Aqueous Solutions using Potato Peel
Authors: Ali Salim Joodi and Mohammed Nsaif Abbas
Abstract:
Background: Phenols that discharge from many industries constitute large group of
very toxic and difficult to degrade contaminants. Objective: The aim of this paper is to
study the potential of Potato Peel (PP) to remove of phenol from simulated synthetic
aqueous solutions (SSAS) using immobilized enzyme and adsorption process. Poly
Phenol Oxidize (PPO) enzyme was extracted from PP, loaded on the biocatalyst
(zeolite) prepared from rice husk and tested for phenol removal. Results: Results show
high ability of biocatalyst to remove of phenol and the efficiency was 99%. The residual
of Potato Peel (PP) was tested as an adsorbent media for phenol removal in adsorption
unit. Results show that maximum removal efficiency of phenol was 95.37%. Statistical
models were achieved to describe the behavior of removal efficiency with all operating
parameters used. The Potato Peel (PP) waste remaining from adsorption process shows
good results when used as rodenticide. Conclusion: The percentage removal of phenol
was increased with any decrease in the flow rate of SSAS, and in the initial
concentration of phenol while the percentage removal was decreased with any
increase in the pH, treatment time and the height of adsorbent material of PP. Thus it
can discard more type of wastes in eco-friendly method.
Journal: Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences; Volume 8, Issue 2, pp: 115-
123, February, (2014).
Keywords: Potato Peel, Phenol, PPO, Adsorption, Residue, and Wastewater.
Paper Title: Leveraging of Agricultural Tailings and Industrial Wastes Together in Black
Ink Preparation
Authors: Mohammed Nsaif Abbas
Abstract: The textile industries in their production processes and biological laboratories
in their research works throw quite a few quantities of various types of dyes and stains
to the river’s water and sewerage. The problem is going to get worse if these
wastewater from textile factories and biological laboratories poses without any
treatment. This paper deals with examine the treating ability of polluted water with
nine kinds of textile dyes and biological stains which were Congo red, direct black,
direct brown, Indigo Carmine, haematoxylin, eosin, brilliant green, crystal violent and
methylene blue using potato peels as low cost material with two methods, the first one
is enzymatically method via extraction of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme from fresh
potato peels and treating water polluted of high dyes concentrations with loaded PPO
on zeolite prepared from rice husk and the other method is physically method through
using potato peels residue from enzyme extraction process treating water polluted of
low dyes concentrations by adsorption technique. The results show high ability of two
methods (enzymatically and physically) to remove dyes from polluted water for both
high and low concentrations. After that the benefit of the potato peel residue wasted
from adsorption process of dyes from SSAS has been done in preparing of black ink.
Thus, the treatment of dyes polluted water was achieved with all concentrations, in
addition to prepare useful material which was black ink from obsolete and less valuable
remnants moreover getting rid of potato peels polluted environment by beneficial,
economical and eco-friendly method and achieving access to zero residues level (ZRL)
of contaminations.
Journal: Scholars Journal of Engineering and Technology; Volume 2, Issue 4 B, pp: 577-
585, (2014).
Keywords: Black Ink, Agricultural Tailings, Industrial Wastes, Eco-friendly, Economical,
Potato peels.
Paper Title: Application of Rice Husk to Remove Humic Acid from Aqueous Solutions
and Profiting from Waste Leftover
Authors: Mohammed Nsaif Abbas and Firas Saeed Abbas
Abstract: Scrutinize to the feasibility of Rice Husk (RH) on the removal of humic acid
pollutant from aqueous solutions using different design parameters by adsorption
process is carried out. Results show that the higher removal efficiency was 98.24 % for
humic acid from aquatic solution and this efficiency was decreased with increasing of
initial concentration flow rate and pH while the removal efficiency increased with
increasing absorbance material bed height and feeding temperature. One of the
method of profiting from it was using as fertilizer for tomato harvest. The results show
that the tomato was bloomed and gave greater weight crop. By this way we can
possess different benefits which are: remove the humic acid contaminated the water,
get rid of agricultural waste (RH), in the same time, and prepared a good and useful
fertilizer for tomato harvest.
Journal: WSEAS Transactions on Biology and Biomedicine; Volume 11, pp: 62-69,
(2014).
Keywords: Rice Husk, Humic Acid, Fertilizer, Aqueous Solutions, Adsorption, Residue
and Wastewater.
Paper Title: Converting Banana Peels from Agricultural Residues to Advantageous
Substances
Authors: Mohammed Nsaif Abbas
Abstract: Constantly, increase and vary the human needs and its requirements that
don’t expire as a result of witnessed development of the life in all fields. Whenever the
technology is advance in any area, increased human welfare and rebound his life,
whenever it is at the expense of earth planet environment where human live in it along
with other organisms. The most important of these problems is the problem of
environmental pollution with various and different types of toxic and harmful
contaminants. This paper is related to the ability of Banana Peel (BP) to remove
hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) ions from simulated synthetic aqueous solutions (SSAS) by
adsorption process, after extraction of Polyphenol Oxidase (PPO) enzyme from BP. The
results show that best ability of BP to produce PPO enzyme by extraction process and
the maximum yield of enzyme produced was 14.75% and also show that high capability
of BP waste residue to remove Cr (VI) from SSAS with removal efficiency reach to
93.75%. Statistical model is achieved to find mathematical expression combined all
operating parameters used in adsorption process in one equation. The synthesis of
cheap liquid varnish and rodenticide from BP waste remaining was investigated. The
results obtained illustrate that the synthesis liquid varnish give a high luster on the
lather tested and the prepared rodenticide give good ability as used. By this way it can
possess different benefits which are: produced an important type of enzyme which is
PPO, remove hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) contaminated the water and get rid of
agricultural waste BP, i.e. it can discard more than type of pollutants in an economic
and eco-friendly method.
Journal: Scholars Journal of Engineering and Technology; Volume 2, Issue 5A, pp: 719-
726, (2014).
Keywords: banana peel, PPO, extraction, Cr (VI), adsorption, varnish, and rodenticide.
Paper Title: Profiting from Cooked Tea Leaves Waste in Eco-Friendly Method
Authors: Ali Salim Joodi and Mohammed Nsaif Abbas
Abstract:
Aims: The aim of this study is to investigate the applicability of cooked tea leaves waste
(CTLW) to the removal of phosphorus pollutant from water using different design
parameters by adsorption process. Study Design: Environmental engineering. Place and
Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the department of environmental
engineering, College of engineering, between March 2013 and November 2013.
Methodology: The experimental adsorption unit composed from fixed bed column was
conducted in order to test phosphorus removal from simulated synthetic aqueous
solutions (SSAS). Effects of bed heights of the adsorbent media (cooked tea leaves
waste), flow rates of (SSAS), solution pH, feed temperature and initial concentration
values of (SSAS) on the phosphorus removal efficiency were investigated. Results: The
highest percentage removal of phosphorus from (SSAS) was 97.68%. Statistical model
was achieved to find a mathematical equation connecting all parameters governing the
percentage removal of phosphorus. The samples of (CTLW) remaining were applied as
fertilizer for tomato harvest. The results show that the tomato was bloomed and gave
greater weight crop. Conclusion: The percentage removal of phosphorus was very
sensitive to the variation of solution pH, initial concentration of (SSAS), feed
temperature, feed flow rate and adsorption bed height. Finally, the use of (CTLW) is
considered as eco-friendly method because in the first stage it can be used to remove
of phosphorus from the water and in the second stage it can be used as a cheap
fertilizer.
Journal: Advances in Research; Volume 2, Issue 3, pp: 179-187, (2014), Article no. AIR.
2014. 005 SCIENCEDOMAIN international.
Keywords: Cooked tea leaves waste; phosphorus; aqueous solutions; adsorption unit.
Paper Title: Optimal Exploitation of Orange Peels in Sustainable Development
Accessing to Zero Residue Level
Authors: Mohammed Nsaif Abbas
Abstract: Orange peel contains many useful substances which can get it with simple
and easy methods. The purpose of this investigation was to obtain the maximum
exploitation from orange peels as a type of agricultural waste in production of pectin
methylesterase (PME) enzyme, extraction of D-limonene acid, synthesis of bioethanol
and finally prepare compost for bean crop with economical methods and inexpensive
at all. Firstly, the production of PME enzyme was performed by extraction, filtration
and centrifugation of orange peel. After that, the previous process waste residue was
segregated and used in extraction of D-limonene acid by distillation process. The
previous process waste residue was collected and exploit from it to synthesis of
bioethanol by fermentation process with bakery yeast. Finally, the end waste residue
was added to the soil used in cultivation of bean crops as organic compost. The results
show that the method used in production of PME enzyme gives acceptable amount of
enzyme in spite of simplicity, the orange peels residue give useful quantity of D-
limonene acid, while the waste from the previous process gives produced a
considerable amount of bioethanol and finally the prepared compost from the end
residue was suitable fertilizer where assist to increase the size of bean plant and
quicken the growth of it. So, it can get rid of orange peels by eco-friendly methods and
achieve the maximum exploitation from it in prepare a benefit materials and reach to
zero residue level (ZRL) i.e. don’t leave any residue in the environment.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Science, Computer Science and Engineering &
Technology; Section: A, Volume 3, Number 4, pp: 1753-1762; September-November,
(2014).
Keywords: Orange peel, extraction, bioethanol, fermentation, PME, D-limonene,
Compost and zero residue level (ZRL).
Paper Title: Indu-diesel and Bio-diesel as Renewable Fuel Synthesis from Used
Automotive and Frying Oils
Authors: Mohammed Nsaif Abbas, Seroor Atallah Khaleefa Ali and Firas Saeed Abbas
Abstract: Generally, the types of used oil by human to meet its necessary requirements
regardless of its source, whether industrial or vegetarian or animal are considered as
one of environmental contaminants which ceaseless due to continue consumption and
continuation put forward of it in huge amounts by a large proportion of population in
cities and rural areas. Automotive engines need to replace their lubricating oil after
passing a distance reach to (1000 – 1500) km to ensure the safety and not affected the
car engine leading to poses not inconsiderable oil quantity of industrial origin to
environment, if accounting the number of cars and the amount of replaced oil by each
car engine after commuting the aforementioned distance. Human need to an almost
daily basis for frying the food which is eating it during the three daily meals leaving
great amounts of agricultural or animal origin oils due to the large number of
population. Both types form contamination because it contains a harmful or
undesirable materials for human and environment together, especially if throw these
oils directly without treatment. This research tackles the ability of producing two types
of diesel fuels, the first one is indu-diesel which prepared from used automotive oils
(UAO) and the second type is bio-diesel that synthesis from used frying oil (UFO) using
concentrated sulfuric acid and thermal treated eggshell for two types of produced
diesel fuel (PDF), then complete the production process by applied clay treatment with
faujasite type Y-zeolite for indu-diesel from UAO and ethanol for bio-diesel from UFO
and after that all required test were performed for two types and compared the results
with ordinary diesel of fossil fuel origin. The results show that convergence in values of
tests for both types of PDFs with ordinary diesel with a relative vantage for indu-diesel
on biodiesel. Thus, obtained a petroleum product (diesel) which can be used directly as
fuel or mixing with ordinary diesel from one side, and from another side it can get-rid
of UAO and UFO by economic, benefit, useful and eco-friendly method.
Journal: Journal of Environment and Earth Science; Volume 4, Number 23, pp: 104-117,
(2014).
Keywords: indu-diesel, biodiesel, ordinary diesel, automotive oil, frying oil, renewable
fuel, eggshell and PDF.
Paper Title: Production of Liquefied Natural Gas Using Radioactive Waste and
Agricultural Residue
Authors: Mohammed Nsaif Abbas
Abstract: The goal of this study is to appraise the effectiveness of the rice husk (RH) as
low cost material for removing cesium, from aqueous solution and try to utilization
from remaining samples in benefit method. Analysis of the respective rate data in
accordance with five kinetic models is applied. The results show that the maximum
adsorption was observed in alkaline condition, using 50g of adsorbent for 1 mg.l-1of
radioactive liquid waste at 45°C, in 1h of residential time and 5 ml.min-1 for fixed bed
experiments, while for batch experiments the Langmuir model was the best. The higher
percent removal was 95.70 % for cesium at initial cesium concentration of 1 mg/l. The
kinetic and thermodynamic parameters at different temperatures were tested. The
experimental data were fitted well by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The free
energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH), entropy (ΔS) and activation energy (Ea) of the adsorption
were calculated. These parameters showed that the sorption of 137Cs onto RH was
spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The samples of RH remaining were segregate
and try to utilization from it in synthesis of promoted type Y-zeolite catalyst in process
of n-heptane catalytic cracking. The results show that the synthesis catalyst gives good
conversion of n-heptane to liquefied natural gas (propane and butane) than normal
type Y-zeolite catalyst.
Journal: European Academic Research; Volume II, Issue 2, pp: 1596-1631, May, (2014).
Keywords: Cesium, adsorption, agriculture residue, liquefied natural gas.
Paper Title: Pomegranate Peels: Source of Antioxidants Extraction and Natural
Dentifrices Preparation
Authors: Mohammed Nsaif Abbas
Abstract: The problem of pollution with agricultural waste is representing one of the
permanent environmental problems because of the large amount of waste poses from
one hand and continuation poses of these wastes to environment year-around on the
other hand. This research aims to try to resolve this problem through the realization of
maximum benefit from pomegranate (Punica granatum) peels as agricultural wastes by
extraction of antioxidants (phenolics) using including water as a natural solvent at
different operating conditions of (water/waste) ratio, extraction temperature and time
of extraction process. After that natural toothpaste has been prepared from the waste
of pomegranate peel residue remaining from antioxidants extraction process by mixing
it with some other natural substances. The results show that the maximum yield of
antioxidants (phenolics) produced was 20.15% at (water/waste) ratio, extraction
temperature and time of extraction process of 20:1, 45°C and 300 minute respectively.
The results also illustrate that the toothpaste gives whiter for teeth higher than the
ordinary toothpaste. Thus, it has been eliminate of pomegranate peel in a meaningful,
economic and eco-friendly way.
Journal: European Academic Research; Volume II, Issue 3, pp: 3078-3088, June, (2014).
Keywords: Pomegranate peel, antioxidants, phenolics, toothpaste, Zero Residue level.
Paper Title: Cyanide removal from wastewater by using banana peel
Authors: Mohammed Nsaif Abbas, Firass Saeed Abbas and Suha Anwer Ibrahim
Abstract: This investigation is related to study the potential of Banana peel (BP) on the
cyanide ion pollutant removal from wastewater using different design parameters by
adsorption process at different design parameters. Results elucidate that the maximum
removal efficiency was 95.65 % for cyanide ion from simulated synthetic aquatic
solution (SSAS) and this efficiency was decreased with increasing initial concentration
and flow rate while increased with increasing pH, absorbance material bed height and
feeding temperature. Statistical model is achieved to find an expression combined all
operating parameters with the removal efficiency for cyanide ion used in this paper in a
general equation. The samples of BP remaining after using it in the removal of cyanide
ion above from aqueous solutions aforementioned were predestined to investigate the
utilization of it in useful method. One of these methods is used BP as a rodenticide
directly without any pretreatment. The results show a good behaviour as rodenticide.
By this way we can possess different benefits which are: remove the toxic cyanide ion
polluted aqueous solution, get rid of agricultural waste BP, in the same time, and
produce a rodenticide from remaining BP.
Journal: Journal of Asian Scientific Research; Volume 4, Issue 5, pp: 239-247, (2014).
Keywords: Banana peel, Cyanide ion, Aqueous solutions, Adsorption, Residue,
Wastewater.
Paper Title: Utilization of Iraqi Rice Husk in the Removal of Heavy Metals from
Wastewater
Authors: Mohammed Nsaif Abbas and Firass Saeed Abbas
Abstract: This study deals with the potential of Iraqi Rice Husk (IRH) for the removal of
nine heavy metal pollutants which are Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn ions from
industrial wastewater using different design parameters by the adsorption process.
Samples were taken of the IRH remaining after being used for the removal of the nine
metal ions above from aqueous solutions using different methods. One of these
methods was the preparation of a promoted type Y-zeolite catalyst which was
compared with normally type Y-zeolite catalyst prepared from IRH alone and tested in
the process of n-heptane isomerization under different temperatures. Another method
involved the study of IRH as a rodenticide directly without any pre-treatment. The
results show that the promoted type Y-zeolite catalyst by Cd+2, Cr+6, Cu+2, Fe+3, Ni+2 and
Zn+2 ions gives a higher conversion and better selectivity of n-heptane isomerization
than the normal type Y-zeolite catalyst and the IRH which had previously adsorbed Al+3,
As+5, Zn+2 and Pb+2 from an aqueous solution and also showed good behavior as a
rodenticide.
Journal: Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences; Volume 5, Issue 7, pp:
370-380, (2013).
Keywords: Adsorption, catalyst, heavy metal, residue, rice husk, wastewater, zeolite.
Paper Title: Iraqi Rice Husk Potency to Eliminate Toxic Metals from Aqueous Solutions
and Utilization from Process Residues
Authors: Mohammed Nsaif Abbas and Firas Saeed Abbas
Abstract: This investigation is related to study the ability of Iraqi Rice Husk (IRH) on the
removal of seven toxic metals pollutant which were (Co, Hg, Li, Sb, Sn, V, and W) ions
from simulated synthetic aqueous solution (SSAS) using different design parameters by
adsorption process. The design parameters studied to adsorb these metal ions using
(IRH) as an adsorbent material were initial concentration of metal ion (each one alone),
height of absorbance material packing which was (IRH), pH, time of treatment, flow
rate and feed temperature. Results show that the removal efficiency of toxic metals
(Co, Hg, Li, Sb, Sn, V, and W) from (SSAS) was decreased with increasing of initial
concentration, flow rate and pH for some toxic metals which were (Co, Hg, Sb, and V)
while it was increased with increasing absorbance material bed height, feeding
temperature and pH for rest metals (Li, Sn and W). Statistical model is achieved to find
an expression relates overall operating parameters with the removal efficiency for each
metal ions used in this treatise in a general equation. The results show that the
promoted type Y-zeolite catalyst by (Co, Hg, Li, Sb, Sn, V, and W) ions give higher
conversion and better selectivity of n-heptane isomerization than normally type Y-
zeolite catalyst and the (IRH) adsorb (Co, Hg, Li, Sb, Sn, V, and W) from (SSAS) showed a
good behaviour as rodenticide. By this way we can possess different benefits which
are: remove the seven toxic metal ions contaminated the water, get rid of agricultural
waste (IRH), in the same time, produce light and more benefit hydrocarbons from n-
heptane isomerization using a type Y-zeolite catalyst synthesis from remaining (IRH)
and prepare an active rodenticide. So, it can discard more toxic waste in a coast and
eco-friendly method.
Journal: Advances in Environmental Biology; Volume 7, Number 2, pp: 308-319, (2013).
Keywords: rice husk, type-Y zeolite catalyst, toxic metals, adsorption, and residues.
Paper Title: The Predisposition of Iraqi Rice Husk to Remove Heavy Metals from
Aqueous Solutions and Capitalized from Waste Residue
Authors: Mohammed Nsaif Abbas and Firas Saeed Abbas
Abstract: This study is deal with study the potential of Iraqi Rice Husk (IRH) on the
removal of three heavy metals pollutant which were (Mg, Mn and Mo) ions from
industrial wastewater using different design parameters by adsorption process. Results
show that the removal efficiency were (93.95, 97.18 and 95.26) % for heavy metal (Mg,
Mn and Mo) respectively from aquatic solution decreased with increasing of initial
concentration and flow rate while the removal efficiency increased with increasing
absorbance material bed height, pH and feeding temperature. Statistical model is
achieved to find an expression relates the overall operating parameters with the
removal efficiency for each metal ions used in this investigation in a general equation
(each one alone). The samples of (IRH) remaining after using it in the removal of (Mg,
Mn and Mo) heavy metal ions above from Simulated Synthetic Aqueous Solutions
(SSAS) to investigate the capitalized of it in different methods. Different benefits
possess which are: remove the three toxic heavy metals ions contaminated the water,
get rid of agricultural waste (IRH), in the same time, produce light and more benefit
hydrocarbons from n-heptane isomerization using a type Y-zeolite catalyst synthesis
from remaining (IRH) and prepare a cheap and active rodenticide..
Journal: Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology; Volume 6,
Issue 22, pp: 4237-4246, (2013).
Keywords: Aqueous solution and wastewater, catalyst, heavy metal, residue, rice husk,
type-Y zeolite
Paper Title: Phenol Removal from Wastewater Using Rice Husk
Authors: Mohammed Nsaif Abbas Aseel Adnan Husain and Firas Saeed Abbas
Abstract: This investigation is related to study the potential of Iraqi Rice Husk (IRH)
(which is considered as a type of agricultural waste that is difficult to discard in a
conventional methods) on the phenol pollutant removal from wastewater using
different design parameters by adsorption process. The design parameters studied to
adsorb phenol using IRH as an adsorbent material were initial concentration of phenol,
adsorbance material packing height which was IRH, pH of phenol feed inlet, treatment
time, feed flow rate and feed temperature, these parameters were varied from (1-100)
mg/l, (10-100) cm, (1-8), (1-60) min, (5-100) ml/min and (20–55°C) respectively. Results
show that the higher removal efficiency was89.73% for phenol from aquatic solution
and this efficiency was decreased with increasing of initial concentration, flow rate and
pH while the removal efficiency increased with increasing absorbance material bed
height and feeding temperature. Statistical model is achieved to find an expression
combined all operating parameters with the removal efficiency for phenol used in this
paper in a general equation. By this way we can possess different benefits which are:
removal of the toxic phenol contaminated water, and get rid of agricultural waste IRH.
At in the same time, we can discard more toxic waste in an eco-friendly way.
Journal: Diyala Journal for Pure Sciences; Volume 9, Number 4, pp: 51-60, October,
(2013).
Keywords: rice husk, phenol, aqueous solutions, adsorption, wastewater
Paper Title: The Feasibility of Rice Husk to Remove Minerals from Water by
Adsorption and Avail from Wastes
Authors: Mohammed Nsaif Abbas and Firas Saeed Abbas
Abstract: This investigation is concerned to study the susceptibility of Iraqi Rice Husk
(IRH) on the removal of five minerals pollutants which were (B, Ba, Be, Bi, and Se) ions
from simulated synthetic aqueous solution (SSAS) using different design parameters by
adsorption process. Results show that the removal efficiency of minerals (B, Ba, Be, Bi,
and Se) from (SSAS) was decreased with increasing of initial concentration, flow rate
and pH for some minerals which were (B, and Bi) while it was increased with increasing
absorbance material bed height, feeding temperature and pH for rest minerals (Ba, Be
and Se). Statistical model is achieved to obtain an expression relates overall operating
parameters with the removal efficiency for each mineral ions used in this treatise in a
general equation. The samples of (IRH) remaining after using it in adsorption of these
seven metals above from (SSAS) were predestined to investigate the utilization of it in
different methods. One of these methods was preparing of promoted type Y-zeolite
catalyst and compared these type prepared with normally type Y-zeolite catalyst
prepared from (IRH) alone in the process of n-heptane isomerization under different
temperatures. Another method was study the using of these (IRH) as a rodenticide
directly without any pretreatment. The results show that the promoted type Y-zeolite
catalyst by (B, Ba, Be, Bi, and Se) ions give higher conversion and better selectivity of n-
heptane isomerization than normally type Y-zeolite catalyst and the (IRH) adsorb (B, Ba,
Be, Bi, and Se) from (SSAS) showed a good behaviour as rodenticide. By this way we
can possess different benefits which are: remove the five mineral ions contaminated
the water, get rid of agricultural waste (IRH), in the same time, produce light and more
benefit hydrocarbons from n-heptane isomerization using a type Y-zeolite catalyst
synthesis from remaining (IRH) and prepare an active rodenticide. So, it can discard
more toxic waste in a coast and eco-friendly method.
Journal: WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development; Volume 9, Issue 4, pp:
301-313, October, (2013).
Keywords: rice husk, type-Y zeolite catalyst, minerals, adsorption, wastes and residues
Paper Title: Phenol Removal from Wastewater by Oxidation Method Using Zeolite
Prepared Locally
Authors: Mohammed Nsaif Abbas, Hala Husham Nussrat and Safaa Nemat Hussein
Abstract: A customary method to oxidize phenol, present in wastewater, was developed by using
oxidation method in the presence of local faujasite type Y – zeolite catalyst prepared from Iraqi rice
husk as a silica source and studying the behavior of this catalyst in a continuous bed reactor to
remove phenol from hospital wastewater experimentally and theoretically by oxidation method.
Experimental part of this investigation involved oxidize reaction of phenol, which was carried out
using the above prepared catalyst at different variables which were the reaction temperature, weight
hourly space velocity (WHSV), oxygen partial pressure, pH of feed solution, phenol initial
concentration, catalyst bed height and gas flow rate were varied from (100–200°C), (1–5 h-1), (5–15
bar), (3–11), (2–10 mg/l), (40–80) cm and (20–100%) stoichiometric excess respectively. The analysis
of phenol remaining in samples produced from oxidation reaction was achieved using
spectrophotometer equipment. In the theoretical part, Equilibrium and Rate Based or Non-
equilibrium mathematical models were developed using MATLAB and FORTRUN simultaneously to
solve MESHR equations, M: Material Balance, E: Equilibrium Relations, S: Summation Equations, H:
Heat Balance and R: Reaction Equations. Rate Based model was developed dependence on
Equilibrium model results and taking into account the effect of mass and heat transfer on material
and energy balances. The general behavior of oxidation process indicates that phenol conversion
increased with increasing temperature of reaction, oxygen partial pressure, gas flow rate, pH of feed
solution, and height of catalyst bed while decreased with increasing pH, Weight Hourly Space Velocity
(WHSV) and initial concentration of phenol. The conversion of phenol during oxidation process was
98.79 %using faujasite type Y–zeolite catalyst. The Kinetic results exhibit that the reaction is first and
half orders with respect to phenol and oxygen respectively while the activation energy observed was
79.91 kJ/mol. The results of experimental work compared with the results obtained from the
developed program of Rate Based or Non-equilibrium model and the deviation shows distinct
approximation in results with negligible error. Statistical model was also implemented to find a
general expression relates all parameters used in this investigation in one equation. By this way we
can remove the toxic phenol from hospital waste-water which was one of the materials that
contaminated the water using a catalyst prepared from cheap material (IRH) and discarding it in a
coast and eco-friendly method.
Journal: Journal of Engineering and Development; Volume 17, Number 4, pp: 48-71,
December, (2013).
Keywords: Phenol Removal, Wastewater, Oxidation and Type Y– Zeolite Catalyst
Paper Title: Synthesis of Promoted Catalyst from Iraqi Rice Husk Used as a Raw
Material for Treating Tannery Wastewater
Authors: Mohammed Nsaif Abbas, Firas Saeed Abbas, Hala Husham Nussrat and Safaa
Neamat Hussein
Abstract: In this investigation, the removal of Cr+6 ions in a semi continuous packed bed
column by adsorption using a low cost adsorbent material which is Iraqi Rice Husk (IRH)
at different operating conditions of pH, flow rates of polluted solution through the bed,
weight of IRH and time of treatment was studied for two different initial concentration
of Cr+6 ions. The results show that all factors have a significant effect on the percentage
removal of Cr+6 ions from aqueous solutions and the optimum pH, flow rate, weight of
IRH and time of treatment are 2, 10 ml/min, 50 g and 120 min respectively for two
initial concentrations of Cr+6 ions. Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms were
also applied and they showed good fits to the experimental data. A comparison of
kinetic models applied to the adsorption of Cr+6 ions on the IRH was evaluated for the
first order, pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order kinetic models, respectively.
The results show that the pseudo first-order kinetic model was found to correlate with
the experimental data well. A mathematical model is proposed for a packed bed
isothermal adsorption column with a porous adsorbent. The mathematical model takes
account of both external and internal mass-transfer resistances as well as of non-ideal
plug flow along the column. A statistical model is also devised to find an expression
that relates the overall operating parameters used in this investigation in a general
equation. Samples of the Iraqi rice husk remaining after use in the removal of Cr+6 ions
from the aforementioned aqueous solutions were taken to study the utilization of IRH
as a raw material in the synthesis of promoted type Y-zeolite catalyst and compared
with normal type Y-zeolite catalyst prepared from IRH alone in the process of n-
heptane isomerization. The results show that the promoted type Y-zeolite catalyst
gives a higher conversion of n-heptane to isomer substances than the normal type Y-
zeolite catalyst.
Journal: Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences; Volume 7, Issue 2, pp: 511-
528, (2013).
Keywords: Cr+6 Removal, Tannery Wastewater, Freundlich and Langmuir and Zeolite
Type Y
Paper Title: Catalytic Cracking of Heptane Using Prepared Zeolite
Authors: Mohammed Nsaif Abbas, Ahmed Abdulhaq, Ali Farhan and Safaa Neamat
Hussein
Abstract: This investigation was conducted to study the potential of type Y-zeolite prepared
locally from Iraqi Rice Husk (IRH) (which considered as a type of agricultural waste that
difficult to discard it in conventional methods in Iraq) on the removal of one heavy metals
pollutant which was divalent zinc (Zn+2) ions from industrial wastewater using different design
parameters by adsorption process. The design parameters studied to remove (Zn+2) ions using
zeolite prepared locally from (IRH) as an adsorbent material were initial concentration of zinc
ions (Zn+2), height of absorbance material packing, pH, time of treatment, flow rate and
temperature, these parameters were varied from (5-100) mg/l, (40-80) cm, (1-10), (1-60) min,
(1-50) ml/min and (5-50°C) respectively. Results show that the removal efficiency of (Zn+2)
ions from aquatic solution decreased with increasing of initial concentration, flow rate and pH
while the removal efficiency increased with increasing absorbance material bed height. A
mathematical model is proposed for an adsorption packed bed column with porous
adsorbent. The mathematical model takes account of both external and internal mass-
transfer resistances as well as of non-ideal plug flow along the column. Statistical model is
also achieved to find an expression relates the overall operating parameters used in this
investigation in a general equation. The samples of type Y-zeolite remaining after using it in
the removal of (Zn+2) ions from aqueous solutions aforementioned were predestined to study
the utilization of it as a promoted type Y-zeolite catalyst and compared this type with
normally type Y- zeolite catalyst prepared from (IRH) alone in the process of n-heptane
catalytic cracking under different operating conditions. The results show that the promoted
type Y-zeolite catalyst by (Zn+2) ions gives higher conversion and better selectivity of n-
heptane to light olefins than normally type Y-zeolite catalyst. By this way we can remove the
toxic (Zn+2) ions contaminated the water with adsorbent material prepared from agricultural
waste (IRH) and in the same time, produce light and more benefit olefins hydrocarbons from
n-heptane catalytic cracking using a type Y-zeolite catalyst (adsorbent material) synthesis
from agricultural waste(IRH) and discarding it in a coast and eco-friendly method.
Journal: Journal of Asian Scientific Research; Volume 2, Number 12, pp: 927-948,
(2012).
Keywords: Adsorption, Zinc, Iraqi rice husk, Zeolite catalyst, and Catalytic cracking
Paper Title: Study the performance of different packing in open cooling towers
Authors: Mohammed Nsaif Abbas
Abstract: The effect of different shapes (corrugate, and grid) of packing on the
performance in air -water-cooling tower were addressed in this research. A mechanical
forced draught counter current flow-cooling tower of (40×40) cm cross-sectional area
and 1.5 m high was constructed. Airflow rates of 0.4,1.4, and 2 kg/m2.s were used in
conjunction with water flow rates of 1.5, 2, and 2.5 kg/m2.s, and water temperature of
40, 45, 50 0C. The tower characteristics (KG a Z/L) over all volumetric mass transfer
coefficient (KGa) volumetric heat transfer coefficient in gas phase (hGa) and volumetric
heat transfer coefficient in liquid phase (hla) are found to be a function of the water
and airflow rates simultaneously. The numerical analysis was done by preparing
computer program to reduce each set of data obtain form the plant and to evaluate
the performance coefficient, volumetric owns transfer coefficient, volumetric heat
transfer coefficient. The work was extended to include the longitudinal and transverse
temperature profiles within the tower for different parameters. By employing packed
heights of 100, 75, 50 and 25 cm, end effects were studied, and the tower
characteristics (KG a Z/L) corrected from these effects. Least square method was used
to correlate the experimental results for (KGa Z/L) in terms of air flux G and water flux L.
Journal: Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development; Volume 16, Number 2,
pp: 193-210, June, (2012).
Paper Title: Modeling of porosity equation for water flow through packed bed of
mono-size spherical packing
Authors: Mohammed Nsaif Abbas
Abstract: The porosity and the pore size have a great effect on the properties of packed
beds. There is no doubt that any small change in the porosity of the packed bed leads
to a big change in the pressure drop required for the fluid flow through the packed
bed. Modified equation for porosity had been attempted depending on the parameters
affecting the porosity for water flow through packed bed for sphere particles of mono
size packing system. The considered parameters affecting the porosity in the packed
bed of sphere packing are the particle and bed diameters. Several types and kinds of
packing materials with different sizes have been used in the packed bed such as Pea
Gravel, Marbles, Glass Marbles, Black Marbles, Clear Marbles, Acrylic balls, Celite
spheres and Glass spheres. The effects of different parameter on the porosity using the
modified equation results have been studied in the present work, and The calculation
results of the porosity modified equation have been compared with Furnas equation of
porosity and with experimental results taken from documented literature data; the
comparisons show a very good agreement between the porosity modified equation
and experimental results. Based and accurate semi-empirical equation for the pore size
has been developed in this work by modifying Millington and Quirk equation. Model
development and tests based on pore size analysis of experimental data. The effects of
different parameter on pore size using the modified equation results have been studied
in the present work, and the calculation results of the modified equation for the pore
size have been compared with the experimental results taken from documented
literature data; the comparisons show a very good agreement between the modified
equation and experimental results. Maxwell equation of tortuosity, which is one of the
main parameters affecting the fluid flow through packed bed, was modified to satisfy
the proposed equations of pore size, porosity. Experimental data were used to get the
best formula that gives the smallest average percentage error of 0.0001 %.
Journal: Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Volume 15, Number 4,
pp: 205-226, December, (2011).
Paper Title: Estimated Equations for Water Flow Through Packed Bed of Multi–Size
Particles
Authors: Mohammed Nsaif Abbas
Abstract: Different parameters affecting the pressure drop of fluid flow through packed
bed have been studied. These parameters are fluid velocity, bed porosity, bed
diameter, sphericity, particle diameter, packing height and wall effect. A semi-empirical
equation for water flow through packed bed has been proposed, which can be used for
several types and kinds of packing materials with different sizes, depending on
Bakingham π. Theorem. The results of calculations for the proposed equation have
been compared with many documented experimental literatures. This comparison
gave a very good agreement, and has been represented and curves. The results from
Ergun equation using similar conditions have been represented in the curves for the
sake of comparison. Ergun equation results were far away from the experimental data
and the semi-empirical equations results. The main reason of this deviation was that
Ergun's equation neglect wall effect on fluid flow, differences in bed dimensions,
packing shapes and sizes. The working range of the proposed equation is within the
fixed region of the fluid flow diagram, i.e., the estimated equation can be used for fluid
flow up to the fluidization point. A semi-empirical equation based on Leva equation
had been modeled to evaluate the minimum fluidization velocity.
Journal: Al-Qadisiya Journal for Engineering Sciences; Volume 2, Issue 4, pp: 779-798.
December, (2009).
Keywords: Semi-empirical equation, pressure drop, Ergun equation and minimum
fluidization.
Paper Title: Effect of Promoters on the Catalytic Activity of the Isomerization Catalyst
Authors: Abdul-Halim A.K. Mohammed*, Marwan Gaib and Mohammed Nsaif Abbas
Abstract: The crystalline zeolite, namely faujasite type Y with SiO2/Al2O3 mole ratio of 5
was used as raw material for preparation of isomerization catalysts. A 0.5 wt % Pt/HY-
zeolite catalyst was prepared by impregnation of the decationized HY-zeolite with
chloroplatinic acid. The decationized HY-zeolite was treated with HCl, HNO3 and HI
promoters using different normalities and with different concentrations of Sn, Ni and Ti
promoters by impregnation method to obtain acidic and metallic promoters' catalysts,
respectively. A 0.5 wt% of Pt was added to above catalysts using impregnation method.
Isomerization of n-hexane was carried out at different prepared catalysts. The
isomerization temperature varied from 250–325 °C, over weight hourly space velocity
(WHSV) 1.6 h-1. The pressure and hydrogen to feed mole ratio were kept constant at
1bar and 2 mol/mol, respectively. The comparison between the above prepared
catalysts shows that the total isomer yield during the process with Sn-Pt /HY- zeolite
catalyst was higher than the other catalysts and, reached to 63.95% vol. A 0.5 wt% of
W and Zr was added to Sn-Pt/HY-zeolite catalyst by impregnation method to obtain W
and Zr co-metal promoters catalysts. Isomerization of n-hexane was investigated using
W and Zr co-metal promoters catalyst at the same operating conditions and the yield of
isomers reached to 81.14% vol. and 79.07%vol., respectively..
Journal: Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering; Volume 9, Number 1, pp:
9-14. March, (2008).
Keywords: Isomerization, catalyst, catalytic activity, promoters.
Abstracts of Books
Title of Book: Manufacturing of Phenol using Reactive Distillation, Developing and
Mathematical Analysis.
Authors: Mohammed Nsaif Abbas and Firas Saeed Abbas
Abstract: Phenol is one of the most important starting materials for various chemical
products. The major process to produce phenol is the CHP route because of high CHP
conversion and phenol yield and its mild reaction conditions. Acetone, an important
chemical, is coproduced with phenol in this process in nearly same yield. A problem is:
the future demand for acetone will decrease, while the demand of phenol will
enormously increase. Unfortunately this means the phenol production is in part
dependent on the demand for acetone, which is rising at a lower rate than phenol, and
so in the future acetone may become a waste product. The solution of the snag has
experiment and theoretical parts. The experimental work deals with the CHP catalyzed
cleavage reaction at different operating conditions and in the theoretical part, a rate
based model is achieved to solve MESHR equations, taking into account the mass and
heat transfer effects on material and energy balances. This book subtracts for searchers
and industrialists especially chemical engineers or anyone heedful in phenol an
economic and developer method to raise phenol output from CHP cleavage using
reactive distillation technique.
Publisher: LAMBERT Academic Publishing, Germany. ISBN-10: 3659411434; ISBN-13:
978-3659411434, (2013)
Title of Book: Rice Husk as a Biosorbent Packed bed, Management, Utilization and
Improvement compressive strength of concrete.
Authors: Mohammed Nsaif Abbas and Firas Saeed Abbas
Abstract: Water is the most valuable substance found on our planet. Many agricultural,
industrial, health and other activities depend on it. In other words, water is the source
of life. With the continuous development, various fields will consume huge amounts of
chemicals and poses hazardous waste to the water. The most dangerous residues are
the toxic metals. Toxic metals are cast to the water due to different actions and posed
a worldwide problem because its do not degrade into harmless products. So, it can
cause bad effect to human and other organisms. Many researchers get it that
adsorption is the most effective process to remove toxic metals with the common
adsorbent “activated carbon”, but due to its high cost, low adsorbents have been
investigated to provide an alternative. This book is aiming to solve the problem by
using rice husk as a biosorbent to remove toxic metal from water and try to discard of
residue through benefit, economic and eco-friendly methods. This book subtracts for
searchers and industrialists especially chemical and environmental engineers or anyone
interested in water treatment and exploitation from waste.
Publisher: LAMBERT Academic Publishing, Germany. ISBN-10: 3659504483; ISBN-13:
978-3659504488, (2014)
Title of Book: A Novel Method to Recycle the Treated Dye Wastes Adsorption,
Exploitations and No Pollutants Remain.
Authors: Mohammed Nsaif Abbas and Firas Saeed Abbas
Abstract: Water pollution is an exacerbated problem in many parts of the world as a
result of limited water resources to satisfy the increasing agricultural, population and
industry demand for water and due to the raise of polluted amounts posed to these
water resources. Among these famous and important pollutants lagging from various
types of industries are dyes. Besides non aesthetic appearance, the dye wastes may be
toxic to human and environment and due to non-easily biodegradable it remains for
long time in water. Currently, there are several methods to treat polluted water with
dyes but each method has some restrictions deal with high cost and accumulated large
amounts of sludge. On other hand, there are many agricultural wastes which form
clumping another environmental problem like rice husk. This book introduces a new
conception to treat and utilize all these problems simultaneously where has been used
rice husk as a low cost media for adsorbing dye from water and rid of treated husk in
an economic, effective and eco-friendly methods after end of the treatment process.
This book is useful for chemical, civil and environmental engineers and anyone
interested in benefit from wastes.
Publisher: LAMBERT Academic Publishing, Germany. ISBN-10: 3848484579; ISBN-13:
978-3848484577, (2014)
Title of Book: Detoxification of Pesticides Wastewater by Adsorption Technique
Feasibility of Agricultural Waste Utilization.
Authors: Thekra Atta Ibrahim, Mohammed Nsaif Abbas and Firas Saeed Abbas
Abstract: From bygone eras, a fierce war broke out between man, his techniques and
knowledge on the one hand and the pests, their resistance and adaptation
susceptibility, on the other hand. Sometimes the victory be for pests and sometimes
man can conquer pests albeit temporarily. This war will remain continues as long as
there are pests threatening human existence and its food and health, but the sole loser
in this raging war is the environment. Man has the right to use of pesticides in different
fields to avoid or to minimize the damage destructive pests, but not at the expense of
environment and prejudice to its fundamental components notably water resources.
The presence of pesticides in the environment generally and in water especially leads
to severe damage to all organisms. This book highlights the damage due to pests and
pesticides for both humans and the environment. It is offered a new economic and
eco-friendly way to get rid of pesticides from water using cheap material which is rice
husks and simple technique which is adsorption. This book provides also the necessary
aid to all researchers in the environmental field and useful for environmental, chemical
and civilian engineers.
Publisher: LAMBERT Academic Publishing, Germany. ISBN-10: 365983243X, ISBN-13:
978-3659832437, (2016)
