Abstracts of Final Year Projects for Oil and Gas Refinery ... · Abstracts of Final Year Projects for ... Project Title: Vacuum Distillation of Oil Refinery Specific objective: Vacuum

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Abstracts of Final Year Projects for Oil and Gas Refinery Engineering

مشاريع التخرج للمرحلة الرابعة

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وزارة التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي

الجامعة التكنولوجية قسم الهندسة الكيمياوية

فرع هندسة تكرير النفط والغاز

Supervisors: Asst. Prof. Dr. Adnan A. Abdul Razak Asst. Lect. Dhiya Abdul Rasoul

Branch: Oil and Gas Refinery Engineering Academic Year: 2014-2015 Groups No. : R1 Students Name: Maryam Jibar Haidal Itaia

Project Title: Unit of Reforming Naphtha Specific

Specific objective: The primary objective is to design a Naphtha Reforming Unit. Catalytic reforming is the process of transforming heavy naphtha with low octane numbers to aromatics and isoparaffins which have high octane numbers. The main processing steps that constitute the Naphtha Reforming Plant are : Reactor, Heater, Separator and Stabilizer


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Supervisors: L. Nagham adeeb L. Basheer Ahmed Branch: Oil and Gas Refinery Engineering Academic Year: 2014-2015 Groups No. : R 2 Students Name: Surah Sarem Mohammed Rosul Raad Ibraheem Project Title: Production of Styrene from methyllbenzene

Specific objective: Styrene is an aromatic hydrocarbon used in the production of polystyrene; it is commonly produced by the catalytic dehydration of ethyl benzene. Ethyl benzene is mixed in the gas phase with 10-15 times its volume in high temperature steam, and passed over a solid catalyst bed. Steam is used as a source of heat for the endothermic reaction and to dilute the concentration of the reactant and products. The main objective of this project is to design a plant to produce 20,000 ton/year of styrene by the catalytic dehydration of ethyl benzene, which is available pure at 25°C at 1 atm.

CR6RHR5R-CHR2RCHR3R CR6RHR5R-CH=CHR2R +HR2

Methylbenzene Styrene


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C

Supervisor: Dr. Intisar Hussain Branch: Oil and Gas Refinery Engineering Academic Year: 2014-2015 Groups No. : R3 Students Name: Olla Abid Alsalam Nehad Badea Project Title: Naphtha Desulfurization Unit Specific objective: Merox process is an efficient & economical catalytic process developed for the chemical treatment of petroleum fraction to remove sulfur present as (Merox Extraction) or to convert mercaptan sulfur to less objectionable disulfides (Merox Sweetening). In Merox process, it is based on organometallic catalyst to accelerate the oxidation of mercaptane to disulfides at near ambient temperature & pressure. The reaction proceeds only in alkaline environment. The basic reactions can be written as :

NaOH+HR2RS NaSH+HR2RO

4RSH + OR2R 2RSSR+2HR2RO

The main objective of this project is to design a plant to produce desulfurized naphtha with capacity 5000 ton/year. The main processing steps are: caustic prewash column, merox reactor, water wash column , salt bed column and clay bed column .


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Supervisors: Asst. Prof. Dr. Riyadh S. Almukhtae Branch: Oil and Gas Refinery Engineering Academic Year: 2014-2015 Groups No. : R 4 Students Name: Shahad Ali Bader Noor Hussein

Project Title: Vacuum Distillation of Oil Refinery

Specific objective: Vacuum distillation is a method where by the pressure above the liquid mixture to be distilled is reduced to less than its vapor pressure, the crude oil distillation unit (CDU) is the first processing unit in virtually all petroleum refineries, the residual oil from the atmospheric distillation column inter vacuum distillation unit. Vacuum distillation can improve separation by:

1- Prevention of product degradation or polymer formation because of reduced pressure leading to lower tower bottoms temperature.

2- Reduction of product degradation or polymer formation because of reduced main residence time especially in columns using packing rather than tray.


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Supervisor: Asst. Prof. Dr. Khalid Farhod Chasib Branch: Oil and Gas Refinery Engineering Academic Year: 2014-2015 Groups No. : R5 Students Name: Abdullah Nezar Saeed Hamza Mohsin Jabbar

Project Title: Production of Gasoline additive (MTBE)(Methyl Butyl Ether) Specific objective: Ethers and alcohols used as (gasoline additives) have excellent antiknock properties and are environmentally acceptable substances. Gasoline blended with about 7-15 % 2methoxy-2-methyl propane (MTBE) has been used for high-performance premium gasoline. On the other hand, recommendations for gasoline additives include not only pure MTBE but also mixtures with alcohols for high-octane gasoline. The purpose for this MTBE or Methyl tertiary Butyl Ether plant is to produce 300,000 metric ton/year. MTBE is the simplest and most cost effective oxygenate to produce high-performance premium gasoline. The additive works by changing the oxygenate / fuel ratio so that gasoline burns cleaner, reducing exhaust emissions of carbon monoxide, unburn hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxide and fine particulates.


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Supervisor: Asst. Prof. Dr. Ghanim Magbul Alwan

Branch: Oil and Gas Refinery Engineering Academic Year: 2014-2015 Groups No. : R6 Students Name: Mohammad Sadie Salah Mustafa Tahseen Ali

Project Title: Production of Hydrogen from Natural Gas Specific objective: The objective of this project is to design plant for production of hydrogen from natural gas. Hydrogenation process is the major application for different industries of chemical, petrochemical and petroleum refining. Three methods are widely used in production of hydrogen from natural gas, which are:

1. Steam Reforming

2. Partial Oxidation

3. Auto-thermal Reforming.


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Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Neran K. Ibrahim Branch: Oil and Gas Refinery Engineering Academic Year: 2014-2015 Groups No. : R7 Students Name: Waleed Hamid Hosham Reyadh Project Title: Naphtha Hydrotreating unit. Specific objective: Heavy naphtha hydro treating is usually used to remove the

impurities so that the hydro treated naphtha can be introduced to the catalytic reformer. The expensive platinum based catalyst used in the reformer is sensitive to poisoning by such impurities. A schematic flow diagram for the naphtha hydro treating process is shown in figure below. The naphtha reformer consists of a feed heater, reactor, high and low pressure separators, recycle compressor and treated naphtha fractionator. A hydrogen sulphide scrubber might be placed between the high and low pressure separators. Some of the recycled gas is purged to lower the concentration of light hydrocarbon (CR1R-CR4R). A

catalyst of Co—Mo on alumina is used.

.


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Supervisor: Asst. Prof. Dr. Issam K. Salih Branch: Oil and Gas Refinery Engineering Academic Year: 2014-2015 Groups No. : R8 Students Name: Haneen M. Judi Maryam E. Mubdir

Project Title: The manufacture of Formaldehyde Specific objective: Formaldehyde is a colorless gas with a pungent suffocating odor. It

is liquefied at -19.2 °C, the specific gravity of the liquid is 0.815. It is usually produced and sold in form of an aqueous mixture containing variable amounts of water and methanol. Formaldehyde is used for producing different types of resins, dyes, tanning agents, perfumes and drugs. Formaldehyde is industrially produced by catalytic partial oxidation and dehydrogenation of methanol according to the following reactions:

CHR3ROH + 1/2 OR2 R HCHO + HR2RO ∆Hr = -37.3 kcal/mol CHR3ROH HCHO + HR2 ∆Hr = 20.3 kcal/mol

The process consists of compressor, reactor, absorber, distillation column and many heat exchangers. The project involves design calculations according to the following steps: 1- Historical review, uses, physical and chemical properties of formaldehyde. 2- Description of the industrial production processes with their flow sheets and selection the preferable one for design calculations. 3- Material and energy balance calculations throughout the process. 4- Design calculations of two main equipment with the required control systems. 5- Suggestions for waste treatment techniques to prevent environmental pollution and selection the suitable site of such plant in Iraq.


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Supervisor: Dr. Adel Sharif Hamadi Branch: Oil and Gas Refinery Engineering Academic Year: 2014-2015 Groups No. : R9 Students Name: Hawazen Qais Zuhair Maryam Nubal

Project Title: Unit Deasphalting Specific objective: Deasphalting unit in a petroleum refinery is usually designed to separates asphalt or bitumen from crude oil. Solvent deasphalting is a technology can be used in a variety of uses for residue upgrading. It is less expensive to build and operate than other residue conversion processes and is especially useful in recovering large quantities of high quality oils which can be further upgraded via traditional FCC and Hydocracking units.


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Supervisor: Dr. Salah Salman Branch: Oil and Gas Refinery Engineering Academic Year: 2014-2015 Groups No. : R10 Students Name: Samer Mohammed

Ansam Noori

Project Title: Production of Phathalic Anhydride from O-Xylene

Specific objective: Phthalic anhydride production is integrated as part of a large chemical plant, in which naphthalene is produced and in which phthalic anhydride is immediately used to make polyester resins. Process Description: The raw materials are air and O-xylene. The o-xylene feed, which may be considered pure and at 0.75 atm, is pumped to 3 atm and then vaporized in a fired heater, H-701. Air, which may be assumed to contain only OR2R and NR2R, is mixed with recycle, if there is any recycle, compressed to 3 atm, and heated in E-701. The hot air and vaporized o-xylenc are mixed and sent to a packed bed reactor. The contents of Stream 8 must either be below the LFL of o-xylene, which is 1 mote %, or above the UFL of o-xylene, which is 6 mole %. This process must produced 75000 ton/year of phthalic anhydride.


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Supervisor: Asst. Prof.Dr. Zaidoon Mohsin Shakoor Branch: Oil and Gas Refinery Engineering Academic Year: 2014-2015 Groups No. : R11 Students Name: Ali Hamid Hiba Firas

Project Title: Designing of Polypropylene production Factory Specific objective: Spain, 1954, polypropylene was first produced by Professor Giulio Nat. Natta was able to produce the resin by using catalysts from the polyethylene industry and applying them to propylene gas. The first commercial production began in 1957. Polypropylene is a very versatile material. It offers a great combination of properties such as lightweight, strong, high heat resistance, as well as stiffness and flexural retention. Among these and many other great properties, polypropylene is easily fabricated. Polypropylene can be subjected to a wide range of fabrication methods and applications. Polypropylene is generally made from propylene via Zieglar-Natta polymerization or metallocene catalysis polymerization, but can also be produced by Kaminsky polymerization. The typical production of polypropylene starts with crude oil which is distilled into naphtha. Naphtha then undergoes a cracking process, which occurs while being used as feedstock in petrochemical steam crackers. The cracking breaks naphtha down into various olefins, including propylene. Propylene then produces polypropylene via one of the previously mentioned methods. The annual production of polypropylene is about 8.4 million metric tons. This production statistic is for the U.S. only. The rate of production is increasing, but more slowly than in previous years. Polypropylene is often found in pellet form. It can also be found as a fiber, such as in tape, strapping, and continuous filament. Sheets, rods, and flakes are also available. The common uses of these different polypropylene forms, broke down into percentages, is 26.5% packaging. 15.6% fabrics, 13.9% carpets & rugs, 11.0% housewares, 9.3% motor vehicles and 23.7% other.


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Supervisor: Dr. Nabilah Adel Mohammed Branch: Oil and Gas Refinery Engineering Academic Year: 2014-2015 Groups No. : R12 Students Name: Saad Aeman Saeed Abd Alraheem Abdalla Rafaa Mohammed Sheet Project Title: Ammonia Manufacture from Natural Gas Specific objective: The basic feedstocks for ammonia are natural gas(methane ) and

air –natural gas provides hydrogen .and air provides nitrogen to the NHR3R ammonia molecule .A conventional ammonia plant has these basic components ,a primary reformer ,a secondary ,a carbon dioxide removal and a synthesis loop. Most ammonia plants also have support and utility sections ,steam system integration storage facilities ,etc .In this process nitrogen and hydrogen react at high temperature and pressure using an iron catalyst to form ammonia.

NR2R + 3HR2R 2NHR3


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Supervisor: Asst. Prof. Dr. Talib M. Albayati Branch: Oil and Gas Refinery Engineering Academic Year: 2014-2015 Groups No. : R13 Students Name: Fadi Salim Faraj Rehab Ahmad Aliw Project Title: Synthesis of Isoparaffins Fuel by Fisher Tropsch Process Specific objective: Fischer-Tropsch (FT) diesel is a synthetic fuel produced from the conversion of natural gas into a diesel fuel. The fuel thus formed is superior to crude oil based diesel in certain ways, principally the high cetane number and the zero sulfur content. It is also known as GTL diesel, where the acronym refers to "gas to liquid" conversion. Gas to liquid fuels conversion is of relevance to Australia, because of the large natural gas deposits in the North West Shelf. The Fischer-Tropsch process has mainly been used during disruptions to crude oil supply. In Germany, during World War II, petrol and fuels were made from coal by the Fischer-Tropsch process. The only existing industrial scale Fischer-Tropsch refineries are in South Africa, built during the period of economic sanctions against the regime. Figure 1 shows Sasol's synthetic petroleum facility process.


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Supervisor: L. Luma Hussein Mahmod Branch: Oil and Gas Refinery Engineering Academic Year: 2014-2015 Groups No. : R14 Students Name: Almuntadhar Saad Hatem Ahmed Talib Abd Alkadhim Project Title: ISO Butane Production

Specific objective: Butane is lay within the group of Alkaline hydrocarbon produced as result of natural gas production during the distillation and thermal cracking. There are two molecular structures for Butane:- 1- n-butane CHR3RCHR2RCHR2RCHR3R . 2-iso - butane (CHR3R)R2RCHCHR3R. Both are found in crude oil , natural gas and in gases produced from the thermal cracking of petroleum distillation . Butane is produced by isomerization process which may also occur as a part of a complex reaction mechanism (such as naphtha reforming ) and can be used to control the ultimate production distribution.


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Supervisor: Lecturer. Tagreed Lutfee Branch: Oil and Gas Refinery Engineering Academic Year: 2014-2015 Groups No. : R15 Students Name: Muhamed Jasim Zaina Alabeedin Thaher Jubraal Abas Project Title: Thermal Cracking Unit Specific objective: Thermal Cracking is a petroleum refining process in which heavy molecular weight hydrocarbons are broken up into light hydrcarbon molecules by the application of heat and pressure without the use of the catalyst drive a variety of fuel products. The two basic types of cracking process are thermal cracking and catalytic cracking. The first thermal cracking process was developed around 1913. The majority of the thermal cracking process temperatures (455 P

oPC to 540 P

oPC)

and pressure (7 to 68 atm.) were used to break down, rearrange or combine hydrocarbons molecules.


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Supervisor: Dr. Eman J. Taha Branch: Oil and Gas Refinery Engineering Academic Year: 2014-2015 Groups No. : R16 Students Name: Reem Shaker Rua'a Adel Dunia Husham Abid Ali

Project Title: Production of Olefin from Petroleum Specific objective: Olefin is an unsaturated chemical compound containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond. The simplest alkene is ethylene (CR2RHR2R), which has the international union of pure and applied chemistry (IUPAC). Alkenes react in much addition reaction, which occur by opening up the double-bond most addition reactions to alkenes follow the mechanism of electrophilic addition. Alkenes are produced by hydrocarbon cracking, raw materials are mostly natural gas condensate components (principally ethane and propane) .Alkenes are broken apart at high temperature often in the presence of a zeolite catalyst. One of the principal methods for alkene synthesis in the laboratory is the elimination of the alkyl halides, alcohols and similar compounds , most common is the 𝛽𝛽elimination. Another important method for alkene synthesis involves construction of a new carbon-carbon double bond by coupling of carbonyl compound (such as an aldehyde or ketone) to a carbon ion equivalent.


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Supervisor: Dr. Khalid H. Alhadidi Branch: Oil and Gas Refinery Engineering Academic Year: 2014-2015 Groups No. : R17

Students Name: Sahar Munir Faisal Elaf Fadhil Khnger Project Title: Production of Ethylene from Naphtha Specific objective: Ethylene production by naphtha cracking technology one of the technologies used in present industries. Hydro cracked naphtha used as feedstock in commercially established ethylene production industries. To simplify the process an attempt on naphtha cracking which is steam pyrolysis technology is discussed aiming to produce concentrated ethylene with less by-products like acetylene, BTX etc.


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Abstracts of Final Year Projects for Oil and Gas Refinery ... · Abstracts of Final Year Projects for ... Project Title: Vacuum Distillation of Oil Refinery Specific objective: Vacuum