ABSTRAK KARYA TULIS ILMIAH 1987-1988 (2 artikel)1. Idris, M.M; Suhartana, S. (1987). Pengaruh frekuensi makan terhadap jam kerja penebang jati di KPH

Jombang (The effect of calorie intake on the performance of teak loggers in Jombang forest district). Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan 4(3):17-20. Pusat Litbang Hasil Hutan. Bogor.

ABSTRACTOne of heavy work in the forestry activity in Indonesia is manual tree felling of the teak. This

work needs much physical labor. Grandjean (1982) states that an extreme physical exertion needs energy about 4,500 k cal/day. In order to continue teak production it is needed to improve welfare of laborer by giving a better nutrition. A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of calorie intake on the performance of the laborer and data were analyzed by using tabulation. The result showed that eating frequency are highly significant for teak tree fellers productive working hour, age group of 18-40 years with their average productive working hours were 5 hours 9 minutes and 29 seconds for two times eating frequencies. Further, the average of 6 hours 21 minutes and 41 seconds for three times eating frequencies, and for age group 40 years up were 4 hours 37 minutes and 25 seconds for two times eating frequencies and 5 hours 10 minutes and 36 seconds for three times eating frequencies.Keywords : Eating frequency, nutrition, logger, teak.

2. Idris, M.M; Suhartana, S. (1988). Kondisi ruangan kerja pada tiga pabrik kayu lapis di SumSel (Working conditions of three plywood factories in South Sumatera). Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan 5(5): 269-274. Pusat Litbang Hasil Hutan. Bogor.

ABSTRACTAn investigation on working condition of three plywood factories in South Sumatra was

conducted in 1987. The objective is to find out the workers’ judgement about their working condition in terms of conveniences. The total of 265 respondents from plywood factories employed in the processing steps of wood preparation, peeling, reeling, unreeling, veneer drying, veneer preparation, gluing, pressing, finishing, quality control, packaging, workshops and laboratories were interviewed. The result showed that in each processing step, more that 60% respondents felt their working space conditions were far from being convenient due to inappropriate air circulation, dust, bad smell, noise, and vibration.Keywords: Working space, convenient, work productivity.

1990-1994 ( 9 artikel)3. Suhartana, S; Idris, MM. (1990). Antropometrik penebang jati di BKPH Bandungsari, KPH Purwodadi,

Perum Perhutani Unit I Jateng (Anthropometric of teak loggers in Bandungsari sub forest district-Purwodadi forest district, Central Java). Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan 7(1):28-33. Pusat Litbang Hasil Hutan. Bogor.

ABSTRACTAnthropometric data of the workers are essential in the practice of ergonomics, especially for the

design of work places, machines and equipment in order to attain work comfort and increased work productivity. Anthropometric measurements were carried out to 18 teak loggers aging between 20-35 years. The measurements included: body, shoulder, elbow, and hip height; shoulder and hip width; length of arm and hand, length of upper arm, lower arm and hand; upper reach and arm span (measurements in standing position). In sitting position, the body measurements comprised sitting, elbow, hip and knee height; length of upper and lower leg. The result showed that elbow height of teak logger has high variability and decrease their working comfort and productivity. Length of arm and hand which are longer than axe handle on the other hand speed up working fatique and in efficient work.Keywords: Anthropometric, logger.

4. Suhartana,S. (1990). Produktivitas kerja dalam kilang penggergajian kayu ramin (Gonystylus bancanus Kurz.) di Kalteng (Work productivity in sawmill factory of ramin wood (Gonystylus bancanusKurz) in Central Kalimantan). Jurnal Litbang Kehutanan 6(2):25-29. Badan Litbang Kehutanan. Bogor.

ABSTRACTThis research describes of work productivity on sawmill factory at Inhutani III sampit, Central

Kalimantan. The objective is to find the work productivity of the equipment in sawmill factory. Nul’stop method was done to measure the effective time. Work productivity is obtained by using formula used by

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Wasono (1965). The results of work productivity investigation are as follows: for head-rig = 5.7660, re-saw= 1.8477, edger= 2.2651, cross cut= 1.8484 and for little circle=1.0133 m3/group/hr, while the results of work productivity indirectly effecting the production process are as follows: for log preparation=2.362, sawn master=0.78, finishing= 0.78 and waste handling= 1.582 m3/group/hr.Keywords: Work productivity, sawmill, Ramin wood.

5. Thaib, J; Suhartana, S. (1991). Keadaan jalan sarad dan pohon ditebang pada tegakan tinggal di kawasan sebuah perusahaan hutan Riau (Skidding road and tree felled situation on residual stand at a forest company in Riau). Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan 9(4):144-149. Pusat Litbang Hasil Hutan. Bogor.

ABSTRACTAn investigation of skidding performance was conducted at one forest company in Riau, in 1988.

The result showed that stand density ranges from 126 to 190 trees with an average of 158 trees/ha, soft soil without any rock, land slope ranges from 6.8 to 20.0 and the trees felled from 2 to 8 with an average of 5 trees/ha. Also it was found that the length of productive skidding road ranges from 91.0 m to 329.8 m with an average of 210.4 m/ha while the length of unproductive skidding road varies from 2.5 m to 49.9 m with an average of 26.2 m/ha. The ration between the lengths of unproductive and productive skidding road is 12.5%. By considering tractor’s life time 20,000 hours, around 2,500 hours of them are unproductive. Relating this figure with owning and operation costs, those unproductive skidding road surely cause quite large loss. Besides, the unproductive tractor movements also cause land exposure to the amount of 122.5 m2/ha. All the above disadvantages can be minimized by planning skidding roads ahead and strictly controlling the operation.Keywords: Skidding road, unproductive, felled trees, residual stand.

6. Suhartana, S. (1992). Optimasi penggunaan bahan baku dan penganekaragaman produk di salah satu kilang kayu lapis di Sumatera Selatan (Optimation of natural resources and diversification product utility in plywood factory in South Sumatera). Jurnal Litbang Kehutanan 8(1):24-31. Badan Litbang Kehutanan. Bogor.

ABSTRACTThe investigation of production factors of plywood factory, such as the capital, raw materials,

machine and equipments, man power and marketing were main important aspects. These factors, are limited, therefore the efficient managerial is required. It has known than the capital is an important one, the calculation carefully to cost production is required and then used to looking for the combination of optimal products, to maximize the benefit of plywood factory and make an efficiency of natural resources/raw material supply. The aim of research is to get an optimal combination products to maximize benefit and The results show that combination of plywood optimal production, will achieve by maximum benefit of Rp 650,269,965 per month. By combination, the optimum products were of thin 4 mm (X1)= 166,655 pieces, 6 mm (X2)= 31,018 pieces, 9 mm (X3)= 23,096 pieces, 12 mm (X4)= 22,472 pieces, 15 mm (X5)= 69,730 pieces, 18 mm (X6)= 12,961 pieces, and 24 mm (X7)= 1,501 pieces per month.Keywords: Optimation, raw-material, diversification, plywood.

7. Suhartana, S. (1993). Kajian keberadaan tegakan tinggal dan keterbukaan lahan pada kegiatan penebangan dan penyaradan di suatu perusahaan hutan di kalimantan tengah. Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan 11(3):117-121. Pusat Litbang Hasil Hutan. Bogor.

ABSTRACTThe damage of soil and vegetation caused by felling and yarding operation are unavoidable even

though the operation are done very carefully. The conclusion of several previous studies related to the problem showed that residual stand damages and ground exposure are influenced by logging operation, because felling and yarding operation are carried out without proper planning. The aim of the study is to find the level of residual stand damage, total trees felled per unit area, and ground exposure caused by felling and yarding operations. The study was carried out in a forest concession of PT. kayu Tribuana Rama in Central Kalimantan in 1991. he gathered data were analyzed by simple linier regression analysis. The results are as follow: (1) The average of residual stand damage caused by felling and yarding operation is 11.1% for the average total trees felled of 5.9 trees/ha; (2) The effect of total trees felled per unit area on residual stand damage is highly significant. Logging operations in steeper slope could increase residual stand damage; (3) The average of ground exposure caused by logging operation is 19.7% for the average

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total trees felled 5.9 trees/ha; and (4) The effect of total trees felled per unit area on ground exposure is not significant. Logging operations in the company is not planned to comply with TPTI regulations.Keywords: Residual stand, ground exposure, damage, felling, skidding.

8. Suhartana, S. (1993). Pengaruh pemanenan hasil hutan terhadap tingkat kerusakan tegakan tinggal pada dua HPH di Kalbar The effect of logging to residual stand damages in two forest concessions in West Kalimantan). Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan 11(4):153-156. Pusat Litbang Hasil Hutan dan Sosial Ekonomi Kehutanan. Bogor.

ABSTRACTDisturbed soil and vegetation caused by logging operation is difficult to be avoided, even in good

logging operation. Past studies related to this problem shows that forest concessions in Sumatera and Kalimantan used Indonesian Selective Cutting System (TPTI) as a basic activity in logging operation. However, because of the weakness of government control activity, most of the companies were looking for financial benefit only and neglect the sustainability of the forest. The aim of this study is to assess the number of commercial trees (diameter 20 cm and up) damaged during logging operation. The study was carried out in two forest concessions: PT. Batasan/A and PT. Tanjungpura Bhakti/B in West Kalimantan. The results show that: (1) The average percentage of commercial trees damaged of diameter 20 cm and up during logging operation are 4.6% in A concession and 5.6% in B concession; and (2) The average number of trees in concession A are 8.9 trees/ha while in concession B is 7.8 trees/ha.Keywords: Forest product harvesting, residual stand, commercial trees.

9. Suhartana,S; Dulsalam. (1994). Peranan penebangan dan penyaradan terhadap keberadaan tegakan tinggal di suatu perusahaan hutan di Riau (The role of felling and skidding operation on residual stand condition at a forest concession in Riau). Jurnal Litbang Kehutanan 9(2):68-72. Badan Litbang Kehutanan. Bogor.

ABSTRACTThis paper present study result of the role felling and skidding operations on residual stand

condition. The study was carried out at a forest concession in Riau in 1993. The aims of the study are: (1) to find the residual stand damages caused by felling and skidding; (2) to know the factors influencing the residual stand damages; and (3) to find the way of reducing the residual stand damage. Data on residual stand damage, the number of trees with diameter 20 cm and up, the number of dragged trees and land slopes were collected. Then, the data was analyzed by using the multiple regression. The results of the study show that: (1) The residual stand damage caused by felling ranged between 3.5% and 17.9% with an average of 9.1%; (2) The residual stand damage caused by yarding varied from 4.9% to 22.5% with an average of 13.04%; and (3) the number of trees felled and the slopes affected significantly to the residual stand damages. The greater the number of trees felled and the steeper the slopes the greater the residual stand damaged caused by felling and skidding will be.Keywords: Felling, skidding, residual stand, influencing factors.

10. Suhartana, S. (1994). Penetapan besarnya limbah penebangan serta upaya penekanannya (Determination of logging waste and ways of suppressing it). Jurnal Litbang Kehutanan 9(3):25-31. Badan Litbang Kehutanan. Bogor.

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the results of logging waste study carried out at a forest concession in West

Kalimantan in 1991. The aims of the study are: (1) to determine the wood waste caused by felling operation; (2) to find the factors influencing the wood waste; and (3) to find the way of reducing the wood waste. Data were analyzed by calculating waste volume in m3/ha and then the waste was categorized on tree part and condition. The results of this study show: (1) The average wood waste from trees felled is 37 m3/ha (36%) consisting of: stump 4 m3/ha (3.9%), clear bole 14.7 m3/ha (14.3%), trunk above the first branch 10 m3/ha (9.7%), and branches 8.3 m3/ha (8.1%); and (2) the average of actual wood production harvested is 65.7 m3/ha (64%).Keywords: Waste, felling, actual production.

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11. Suhartana,S; Dulsalam. (1994). Kerusakan tegakan tinggal akibat kegiatan penebangan dan penyaradan: Kasus di satu perusahaan hutan di Riau (Residual stand damages causes by felling and skidding activities: a case study in a logging company in Riau). Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan 12(1):25-29. Pusat Litbang Hasil Hutan dan Sosial Ekonomi Kehutanan. Bogor.

ABSTRACTThis paper presents study results of residual stand damages caused by felling and skidding

activities. The case study was carried out at PT. Dwi Marta in Riau in 1993. The aims are: (1) to find the impact of felling and skidding on residual stand damages; (2) to know the factors influencing the residual stand damages; and (3) to find the way of reducing residual stand damage. Data on the number of trees with diameter 20 cm and up, trees damages were collected. The data was analyzed by using the multiple regression. The result of study shows: (1) the residual stand damage caused by felling ranged between 2.7-10.6% with an average of 6.6%; (2) the residual stand damage caused by skidding with crawler tractor varied from 2.7-22.3% with an average of 12.7%; and (3) Both the number of trees felled and slope in had highly significant effect to residual stand damages. The greater the number of trees felled and the slope, the greater the residual stand damages.Keywords: residual stand damage, felling, skidding, felled trees.

1995-1999 ( 14 artikel)12. Suhartana, S; Idris, MM. (1995). Pengaruh pembuangan banir dalam penebangan pohon terhadap

efisiensi pemungutan kayu: studi kasus di suatu perusahaan htan di Kalbar (The effect of buttress cutting in tree felling on wood harvesting efficiency : A case study in a logging company in West Kalimantan). Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan 13(1):19-26. Pusat Litbang Hasil Hutan dan Sosial Ekonomi Kehutanan. Bogor.

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the results of the study of the impact of buttress cutting in tree felling on

harvesting efficiency. The case study was carried out in PT. Kurnia Kapuas Plywood in West Kalimantan in 1994. The aim of the study is to know the influence of buttress cutting on wood harvesting efficiency. The data were analyzed by using the t-test. The result of study shows that the average of wood harvesting efficiency by cutting buttress is 68.1% and without cutting buttress is 66.7%.Keywords: Buttress, felling, efficiency, harvesting.

13. Idris, MM; Suhartana, S. (1995). Produktivitas dan efisiensi pemanenan kayu dengan teknik penebangan pohon serendah mungkin di hutan produksi alam: Studi kasus di tiga perusahaan hutan di Kalteng (The productivity and efficiency of wood harvesting by practicing the lowest possible felling technique: a case study in three logging companies in Central Kalimantan). Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan 13(3):94-100. Pusat Litbang Hasil Hutan dan Sosial Ekonomi Kehutanan. Bogor.

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the results of the study of wood harvesting productivity and efficiency when

practicing the lowest possible felling technique (LPFT). The case study was selected in three logging companies in Central Kalimantan in 1994. Then, the results are compared to those obtained from conventional felling technique (CFT). The results of the study are as follow: (1) The average of wood harvesting productivity is 25.2 m3/hr for LPFT and 28.8 m3/hr for CFT. This difference is statistically significant; (2) The average of wood harvesting efficiency is 86.1% for LPFT and 82.1% for CFT. This difference of 1.28 m3/tree is highly significant; and (3) The average of stump height when practicing the LPFT is 0.45 m, while for CFT is 1.21 m.Keywords : Productivity, efficiency, harvesting, lowest possible felling technique..

14. Idris, MM; Suhartana, S. (1995). Faktor konversi produksi dolok pinus dari hutan alam: studi kasus di satu perusahaan hutan di Aceh (Conversion factor of log production of Pine from natural forest: A case study at a logging company in Aceh). Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan 13(4):162-166. Pusat Litbang Hasil Hutan dan Sosial Ekonomi Kehutanan. Bogor.

ABSTRACT

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This paper is presenting the results of study on conversion factor of log production of Pine (Pinus merkusii) from natural forest. Study carried out at a logging company in Aceh in 1991. The aim of the study was to know the conversion factor of Pine log production from natural forest including volume and mass of measurement. The data were analyzed statistically by t-test. The result of this study showed that the conversion factor of Pine log production unit were: (1) for fresh cut, 1 month and 2 months duration was 0.985 m3/ton or 1.0152 ton/ m3; (2) for 3 and 4 months was 1.086 m3/ton or 0.9208 ton/ m3; and (3) for 1 year was 1.239 m3/ton or 0.8071 ton/ m3.Keywords: Conversion factor, pine, natural production forest.

15. Idris, MM; Suhartana, S. (1996). Limbah kayu akibat pembuatan jalan hutan dan tebang bayang pada enam HPH di Kaltim (Wood waste caused by forest road construction and shadow cutting at six logging companies in East Kalimantan). Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan 14(1):7-15. Pusat Litbang Hasil Hutan dan Sosial Ekonomi Kehutanan. Bogor.

ABSTRACTThis paper present the results of the study on logging waste caused by forest road construction and

shadow cutting. The study carried out at six logging companies in East Kalimantan in 1990. The aim of the study are: (1) to determine the wood waste caused by forest road construction and shadow cutting; (2) to find the factors influencing the wood waste; and (3) to find the way of reducing the wood waste. The results of this study shows that the average wood waste from trees felled caused by forest road construction and shadow cutting is 1.16 m3/ha for commercial wood species and 2.76 m3/ha for non-commercial wood species.Keywords: Wood waste, forest road, shadow cutting.

16. Suhartana, S. (1996). Dampak penyaradan terhadap terjadinya keterbukaan lahan di kawasan dua perusahaan hutan di Riau (The impact of log skidding on ground exposure at two forest companies in Riau). Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan 14(2):52-59. Pusat Litbang Hasil Hutan dan Sosial Ekonomi Kehutanan. Bogor.

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the results of the study on ground exposure caused by skidding. The case

study was carried out at two forest companies in Riau in 1995. The aim of the study were: (1) to find the road skidding condition that shows by the ground exposure caused by skidding; (2) to know the factors influencing the ground exposure; and (3) to find the way of reducing ground exposure. Data collected were the number of trees felled/skidded, the number of trees with diameter 20 cm and up, length and area of skidding road. The data was analyzed by using the multiple regression. The study showed the following results: (1) The average of non-productive skidding road is 13.4% from the number of productive skidding road; (2) The extravagant of tractor operation was 2,680 hours; (3) The forest damage was 154.4 m2/ha; (4) The ground exposure caused by skidding was 14.1%; and (5) The number of trees felled/skidded was highly significant to ground exposure.Keywords: Skidding, skidding road, ground exposure.

17. Suhartana, S. (1996). Produktivitas penyaradan kayu dengan traktor caterpillar D7F : kasus di suatu perusahaan hutan di Riau. Info Hasil Hutan 4(1):15-21. Pusat Litbang Hasil Hutan dan Sosial Ekonomi Kehutanan. Bogor.

ABSTRACTTulisan ini mengetengahkan hasil2penelitian mengenai produktivitas traktor Caterpillar D7F.

Dewasa ini pelaksanaan penyaradan dg traktor belum menhasilkan produktivitas yg optimum. Agar produktivitas dpt meningkat, maka faktor2 yg mempengaruhinya perlu diperhatikan. Penelitian dilakukan di suatu perusahaan hutan di Riau pd tahun 1995. Tujuan penelitian adalah utk: (1) Mengetahui besarnya produktivitas traktor Caterpillar D7F; (2) Mengetahui faktor2 yg turut berpengaruh dlm produktivitas; dan (3) mencari upaya2 yg dpt ditempuh utk meningkatkan produktivitas. Data yg dikumpulkan adalah: jarak sarad, volume muatan, dan waktu penyaradan. Data diolah dg menggunakan model regresi berganda. Penelitian menunjukkan hal2 sbb: (1) Rata2 produktivitas traktor Caterpillar D7F adalah 62,45 m 3.hm/jam utk jarak sarad rata2 1,56 hm dan volume muatan 8,69 m3; dan (2) Jarak sarad dan volume muatan berpengaruh sangat nyata thd produktivitas traktor D7F. Dg diketahuinya faktor2 yg mempengaruhi produktivitas penyaradan, maka dpt ditemukan upaya yg dpt ditempuh utk meningkatkan produktivitas tsb.Kata kunci: Produktivitas, penyaradan, traktor.

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18. Suhartana, S; Idris, MM. (1996). Kondisi tegakan tinggal di kawasan dua perusahaan hutan di Riau (Residual stand condition at two forest concession in Riau). Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan 14(4):129-137. Pusat Litbang Hasil Hutan dan Sosial Ekonomi Kehutanan. Bogor.

ABSTRACTLog skidding activities using tractors usually caused high residual stand damages. To reduce the

residual stand damages, the factors influencing them must be identified. A study was carried out at two forest concessions in Riau in 1995. The aims of the study are: (1) to find the level of residual stand damages caused by felling and skidding; (2) to identify the factors influencing the residual stand damages; and (3) to find the way of reducing residual stand damages. Data collected were the number of felled trees, trees with diameter 20 cm and up, and damaged trees. The data was analyzed by using the multiple regression. The results of the study show: (1) The average of residual stand damages caused by felling is 11.5%; (2) The average of residual stand damages caused by skidding is 15.4%; and (3) The influence of the number of felled trees, stand density and the slope were highly significant to residual stand damages. Knowing the factors influencing the residual stand damages, ones should be easy to find the way of reducing that damages.Keywords: felling, skidding, felled trees, residual stand damage.

19. Suhartana, S; Dulsalam. (1996). Penebangan serendah mungkin untuk meningkatkan produksi kayu: studi kasus di dua perusahaan hutan di Kaltim (The lowest possible felling technique for increasing wood production: case study in two forest companies in East Kalimantan). Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan 14(9):374-381. Pusat Litbang Hasil Hutan dan Sosial Ekonomi Kehutanan. Bogor.

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the results of the study of felling productivity and wood utilization level when

practicing the lowest possible felling technique (LPFT). The case study was selected in two forest companies in East Kalimantan in 1996. The aim of the study is to find information of the effect of practicing the LPFT to the felling productivity and wood utilization level. Then, the results are compared to those obtained from conventional felling technique. The results of the study are as follow: (1) The average of felling productivity is 42.16 m3/hr for the LPFT and 49.96 m3/hr for conventional felling (CFT). This difference of 7.8 m3/hr is significant; (2) the average of stump height when practicing the LPFT is 37.6 cm, while for CFT is 56.6 cm; (3) The average of waste stump volume is 0.21 m 3/tree (3.34%) for the LPFT and 0.40 m3/tree (4.54%) for CFT. The average of wood utilization is 6.08 m3/tree (96.6% of the average volume of trees felled of 6.29 m3/tree) for the LPFT and 8.41 m3/tree (95.45% of the average volume of trees felled of 8.81 m3/tree) for CFT. There is 1.20% increase; and (4) It is recommended that the LPFT be implemented because this technique can increase wood utilization.Keywords: Felling productivity, lowest possible felling technique, stump height.

20. Suhartana, S. (1996). Minimasi keterbukaan lahan melalui penyaradan yg direncanakan:kasus di dua perusahaan hutan di Kaltim (Minimizing ground exposure by practicing planned skidding: A case study at two forest companies in East Kalimantan). Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan 14(10):444-453. Pusat Litbang Hasil Hutan dan Sosial Ekonomi Kehutanan. Bogor.

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the results of the study on ground exposure caused by planned skidding. Log

skidding by tractor can cause serious ground exposure. By practicing planned skidding, that ground exposure can be minimized. The case study was carried out at two forest companies in East Kalimantan in 1996. The aim of the study is to find the effect of planned skidding on ground exposure by minimizing non-productive skidding road. Data collected were the number of trees felled/skidded, number of trees with diameter 20 cm and up, slope and ground exposure. The data was analyzed by using the t-test and the multiple regression. The study showed the following results: (1) The average of non-productive skidding road caused by planned skidding is 4.4% from the number of productive skidding road and for conventional is 9.9%. This difference of 5.6% is highly significant; (2) The average of ground exposure caused by planned skidding is 11.2% and for conventional is 15.2%. This difference of 4.0% is significant; and (3) The factors that positively influenced the ground exposure and non-productive skidding road are the number of trees felled/skidded and stand density, and the factor that negatively influenced them is slope for planned skidding. It is found that the ground exposure in conventional skidding is influenced the slope (highly significant).

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Keywords: Minimizing, ground exposure, un-productive skidding road, planned skidding.21. Suhartana, S. (1997). Penyaradan yg direncanakan utk minimasi keruasakan tegakan tinggal:kasus di

dua perusahaan hutan di Kaltim (Planned skidding for minimizing residual stand damages:A case study at two forest companies in East Kalimantan). Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan 15(1):60-67. Pusat Litbang Hasil Hutan dan Sosial Ekonomi Kehutanan. Bogor.

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the results of the study on residual stand damages caused by planned skidding.

Log skidding by tractor carefully, will be the residual stand damages. By planned skidding will be minimized that damages. The case study was carry out at two forest companies in East Kalimantan. The aim of the study is to minimize the residual stand damages. Data collected were the number of trees felled/skidded, the number of trees with diameter 20 cm and up, slope and the number of trees damages. The data was analyzed by using the t-test and the multiple regression. The study showed the following results: The average of residual stand damages caused by planned skidding is 8.4% and for conventional is 13.47%. This difference of 5.07% is highly significant, whereas the factors that influencing the residual stand damages is the slope for the planned skidding (highly significant) even though stand density and slope for the conventional skidding (highly significant). The planned skidding could be minimized the residual stand damages (5.07%).Keywords: Planning skidding, minimizing, residual stand damages.

22. Idris, MM; Suhartana, S. (1997). Pembalakan ramah lingkungan utk minimasi kerusakan tegakan tinggal: kasus di dua perusahaan hutan di Kaltim (Reduced impact logging to minimize residual stand damages:A case study in forest company in East Kalimantan). Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan 15(3):212-222. Pusat Litbang Hasil Hutan dan Sosial Ekonomi Kehutanan. Bogor.ABSTRACT

Reduced impact logging (RIL) is one of the main issue in the coming era of ecolabelling and free trade. The study was carried out at a forest company in East Kalimantan in 1997. The goal of the study is to minimize residual stand damage as an effort in ensuring sustainability of forest utilization. Data collected were: (1) felled trees, trees with diameter 20 cm and up, damaged trees; and (2) the number and condition of poles, sapling and seedling. The results of the study show: the average of residual stand damages for trees, poles, sapling and seedling are: 11.2%; 4.9%; 4.5% and 5.7% respectively for controlled and 13.1%, 11.97%, 12.9% and 14.42% for conventional logging. The decrease of residual stand damages for poles, sapling, and seedling are 7.07%, 8.4%, and 8.72% respectively (highly significant). Base on the results, it is recommended that controlled logging should be practiced because it can minimize residual stand damages.Keywords: Reduced impact logging, minimize impact, residual stand damage.

23. Idris, MM; Suhartana, S. (1997). Dilema penetapan sistem eksploitasi yg sesuai di hutan rawa. Dalam Pasaribu, R., Purwanto, R.M.S. Harahap, W. Sipayung, S.Hidayat & Darwo (Penyunting). Prosiding Diskusi Nasional Pengelolaan Hutan Rawa dan Ekspose Hasil Hasil Penelitian Kehutanan di Sumatera, tanggal 18-19 September 1997 di Medan. Hlm.89-99.Balai Litbang Kehutanan Pematang Siantar. Aek Nauli.

ABSTRACTSampai saat ini teknik eksploitasi yg digunakan di hutan rawa masih berkisar ttg cerita

kesederhanaan dari system kuda2 dan lori, meskipun dlm juknis TPTI di hutan rawa tersurat adanya kemungkinan penggunaan sistem2 yg lain. Satu-dua perusahaan telah melakukan uji coba penggunaan flexible tracked skidder dan excavator, akan tetapi tampaknya masih belum bias dikembangkan lebih jauh karena adanya kendala operasi dan kerusakan tegakan tinggal yg cukup tinggi. Kemungkinan penerapan teknik eksploitasi lainnya yg sudah dilontarkan adalah system kanal dan atau penggunaan yarder. Namun gagasan inipun masih memerlukan kajian yg lebih mendalam ttg kelayakan pengoperasiannya di lapangan. Bertolak dari kenyataan di atas maka makalah ini mencoba lebih banyak menyajikan kembali ttg kinerja system kuda2 dan lori, serta permasalahan pengoperasiannya. Beberapa permasalahan yg menonjol yg gayut diketengahkan, a.l. menyangkut aksesibilitas yg rendah pasca pembalakan (post logging), karena jalan rel biasanya dipindahkan ke lokasi penebangan yg lain. Penyaradan kayu dg menggunakan tenaga manusia dan ongkak, juga tampaknya tidak sesuai lagi dg era yg lebih memprioritaskan hak asasi manusia ini. Demikian juga pembuatan bantalan rel yg menguras permudaan alam sebanyak ± 170,48 m3/km, merupakan ancaman bagi keberlanjutan hasil yg sewaktu-waktu dpt berubah menjadi isu lingkungan yg mengglobal. Dari hasil kegiatan permasalahan yg ada, diperoleh gambaran bahwa alternative teknik

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eksploitasi yg lain masih perlu dicari dan dibuktikan kelayakan penerapannya, sebelum sumberdaya hutan rawa itu sendiri menjadi rusak dan tidak pulih kembali atau habis dikonversi ke penggunaan lain.Kata kunci: Sistem eksploitasi, hutan rawa.

24. Suhartana, S; Idris, MM. (1998). Penyaradan terkontrol untuk minimasi kerusakan hutan: kasus di dua perusahaan hutan di Kalteng (Controlled skidding to minimize forest damages:Case study at two forest companies in Central Kalimantan). Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan 16(2):69-78. Pusat Litbang Hasil Hutan dan Sosial Ekonomi Kehutanan. Bogor.

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the results of the case study on residual stand damages and ground exposure

caused by controlled and conventional skidding. The case study was carried out at two forest companies in Central Kalimantan. The goal of the study is to minimize the residual stand damage and non-productive skidding road as an effort in ensuring sustainability of forest utilization. Data collected were : felled trees, trees with diameter of 20 cm and up, damaged trees, slope and ground exposure. The data was analyzed by using the t-test. The study showed the following results: (1) the average of residual stand damages caused by controlled skidding is 8.5% and that for conventional is 13.5%. The difference of 5.0% is highly significant; (2) The average of non-productive skidding road caused by controlled skidding is 3.7% and for conventional is 10.0%. The difference of 6.3% is highly significant; and (3) The average of ground exposure caused by controlled skidding is 11.3 and that for conventional is 15.3%. The difference of 4% is significant. Base on the results, it is recommended that controlled skidding should be practiced because it can minimize forest damages.Keywords: Controlled skidding, residual stand damage, non-productive skidding road, minimize damages.

25. Dulsalam; Suhartana, S; Idris, MM. (1999). Kemungkinan pengeluaran kayu dengan sistem kanal di hutan rawa:Kasus di satu perusahaan hutan di Riau (The possibility of log extraction using canal system at swamp forest:A case study at a forest company in Riau). Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan 16(5):254-266. Pusat Litbang Hasil Hutan dan Sosial Ekonomi Kehutanan. Bogor.

ABSTRACTThe case study of log extraction at swamp forest was carried out at a forest company in Riau in

1995. The objective is to study canal construction productivity and cost of the construction as well as residual stand damages caused by the canal construction. The study showed the following results: (1) The average of productivity of manual canal construction of each working crew is 9.71 m 3/working crew-hour or 4.86 m/working crew-hour. While, the average productivity of manual canal construction of each man is 1.62 m3/man-hour or 0.81 m/man-hour; (2) The average cost of manual canal construction is Rp 3,000/ m 3

or Rp 6,006/m; (3) The average of residual stand damages caused by canal construction for seedling, pole, and tree regenerations are 95.8%, 83.8%, 47.8% , and 8.3%. In the long term, residual stand damages caused by manual canal construction are much less (8.3%) than the damages caused by rail road construction (27.33%); and (4) Based on various information above, it is clear that the possibility of using canal system in swamp forests is promising.Keywords: Productivity, cost, residual stand damages, log extraction, canal system.

2000-2004( 27 artikel)26. Suhartana, S; Dulsalam; Idris, MM. (2000). Penyaradan terkendali utk minimasi penggeseran lapisan

tanah atas dan keterbukaan lahan:Kasus di satu perusahaan hutan di Kalteng (Controlled skidding for minimizing top-soil displacement and ground exposure :A case study at a forest company in Central Kalimantan). Buletin PHH 17(4):209-219. Pusat Penelitian HH. Bogor.

ABSTRACTThe case study was carried out at a forest company in Central Kalimantan in 1998. The aim of the

study was to find the effect of controlled skidding on minimizing top-soil displacement and ground exposure. Data collected were the number of felled trees, number of trees with diameter of 20 cm and greater, and depths of top-soil displacement and of ground exposure. The data were further analyzed by using the t-test. The study showed the following results: (1) The average top-soil displacement caused by controlled skidding for slope of 0-15%; 15-25% and greater than 25% were respectively 8.1 mm; 11.7 mm and 16.8 mm, each per 100 m in length of skidding trail. Mean while, the average displacement with corresponding slopes for the conventional slopes were consecutively 9.7 mm; 12.84 mm and 18.7 mm per 100 m-length of the skidding trail. It was found out the difference in the displacements between the former

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and the latter as much as 1.6 mm on 0-15% slope was highly significant (p=0.99); and (2) The average ground exposure due to controlled skidding and for the conventional were respectively 15.81% and 21.21%. This difference between the former and the latter as much as 5.4% in this regard has significant (p=0.95).Keywords: Controlled skidding, displacement, top soil, ground exposure.

27. Suhartana, S; Dulsalam; Idris, MM. (2000). Perbandingan penyaradan kayu dg sistem manual dan eksavator di hutan rawa. Bagian II: Pengaruh system terhadap kerusakan tegakan tinggal dan keterbukaan lahan (Comparising between manual and excavator skidding system at swamp forest. Part II: The effect of the system to residual stand damages and ground exposure). Buletin PHH 17(4):231-241. Pusat Penelitian HH. Bogor.

ABSTRACTThe case study was carried out at two swamp forest companies in Riau in 1998. The aim of the

study is to know the effect of manual and excavator skidding system to residual stand damages and ground exposure. Data collected were: felled trees, poles, trees with the diameter of 20 cm up, damaged poles, damaged trees and ground exposure. The data was analyzed by using the t-test. The study showed the following results: (1) The average of residual stand damages caused by manual skidding system are 38.66% for poles and 28.54% for trees. The average of residual stand damage caused by excavator skidding system are 20.92% for poles and 15.78% for trees. The difference of 17.74% (poles) and 12.76% (trees) are highly significant; and (2) The average of ground exposure caused by manual skidding system and for excavator skidding system is 19.84% and 13.5% respectively. The difference of 6.34% is highly significant. Based on the results, it is recommended that excavator skidding system should be practiced because it can minimize residual stand damages and ground exposure.Keywords: Skidding, excavator, residual stand damages, ground exposure.

28. Suhartana, S. (2000). Perbandingan penyaradan kayu dengan sistem manual dan eksavator di hutan rawa. Bagian I: Produktivitas kerja. Info HH 6(1):31-37. Pusat Penelitian HH. Bogor.

ABSTRACTPenelitian ini dilakukan pd th 1998 di dua perusahaan hutan di Riau, dg tujuan membandingkan

produktivitas kerja alat penyaradan kayu dg eksavator dan dg sistem manual. Data yg dikumpulkan adalah: volume kayu, jarak sarad dan waktu efektif penyaradan. Data dianalisis dg menggunakan uji-t. hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata2 produktivitas kerja alat penyaradan kayu dg eksavator adalah 20,51 m3.hm/jam dan utk system manual sebesar 14,35 m3.hm/jam. Hal ini berarti peningkatan produktivitas kerja sebesar 6,16 m3.hm/jam (berbeda sangat nyata pd taraf 99%).Kata kunci: Produktivitas kerja, penyaradan kayu, eksavator, manual, peningkatan.

29. Suhartana, S. & Dulsalam. (2000). Pemanenan berwawasan lingkungan utk minimasi kerusakan hutan (Reduced impact logging for minimizing forest damages). Buletin PHH 18(2):87-103. Pusat Penelitian HH. Bogor.

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the results of a study on reduced impact logging (RIL) and conventional

logging system (CL). The study was carried out at a forest company in West Kalimantan in 1999. The aim of the study is to find the effect of RIL in minimizing residual stand damage, level of ground exposure, top soil displacement, skidding cost and in maximizing the productivity of skidding. Data collected were the number of felled trees, number of trees with diameter of 20 cm or greater, damaged poles, ground exposure and top soil displacement as well as productivity and cost of skidding. The data were statistically analyzed by using factorial analysis and t-test. The result of the study showed that the level of trees and poles damages in RIL system were lower than that on the CL one. More over, top soil displacement and ground exposure were also lower than that of CL system. Nevertheless, the productivity of log skidding in RIL system was lower than that of the CL system and cost of log skidding in RIL system was higher than that of the CL one. Based on environmental consideration, it is recommended that RIL is preverable in future logging operation.Keywords: RIL, residual stand damages, ground exposure, top soil displacement, productivity, cost,

conventional.

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30. Suhartana, S. (2000). Pengaruh pemanenan kayu terhadap pemanasan global. Sylva Tropika No. 25: 11-14. Badan Litbang Kehutanan. Jakarta.

ABSTRACTKegiatan pemanenan kayu yg tdk terencana baik artinya tdk sesuai dg peraturan yg berlaku (TPTI)

dpt menimbulkan pemanasan global yg berdampak thd perubahan iklim dunia dan kenaikan permukaan laut yg sangat merugikan. Dg demikian agar pemanenan kayu sesuai dg tujuan sebenarnya, diperlukan juknis TPTI yg pelaksanaannya perlu diperhatikan dg system pengawasan yg baik dan didukung oleh law enforcement yg kuat. Di pihak lain harus diusahakan peniadaan ancaman perubahan iklim. Hal ini juga harus dilakukan secara bertahap. Pertama dg pengurangan emisi CO2 serta Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK) lainnya yg akhirnya berujung pd peniadaan emisi semua jenis GRK. Prioritas utama adalah utk menciptakan teknologi produksi termasuk teknik pemanenan kayu yg bersih energi, tanpa polusi di semua Negara.Kata kunci: Pemanenan kayu, pemanasan global, gas rumah kaca.

31. Suhartana, S. (2000). Perbandingan produktivitas kerja antara penyaradan kayu dengan sistem konvensional dan sistem terkendali di HPH Kalteng. Info HH 7(2):41-47. Pusat Penelitian HH. Bogor.

ABSTRACTPenelitian dilakukan pd th 1998 di satu perusahaan hutan di Kalteng. Tujuan penelitian adalah utk

mengetahui produktivitas kerja penyaradan dg system konvensional dan system terkendali. Data yg dikumpulkan adalah: volume kayu, jarak sarad dan waktu efektif penyaradan. Data dianalisis dg menggunakan uji-t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produktivitas kerja rata2 penyaradan kayu dg system konvensional dan system terkendali masing2 sebesar 52,08 m3.hm/jam dan 42,37 m3.hm/jam. Produktivitas kerja system penyaradan terkendali menurun sebesar 9,71 m3.hm/jam.Kata kunci: Produktivitas kerja, penyaradan kayu, terkendali konvensional.

32. Suhartana, S. & I. Sumantri. (2000). Kajian efisiensi penebangan kayu di hutan alam. Dalam Haryanto, Y., K. Purba & C. Hediana (Penyunting). Prosiding Lokakarya Penelitian Hasil Hutan, tanggal 7 Desember 2000 di Bogor. Hlm. 137-144. Pusat Penelitian Hasil Hutan. Bogor.

ABSTRACTPenebangan kayu merupakan salah satu elemen kegiatan dari serangkaian kegiatan dlm

pemanenan kayu. Penebangan kayu merupakan kegiatan merobohkan pohon yg kemudian memotong2nya menjadi bagian batang yg layak sarad. Kegiatan penebangan di hutan alam yg dikelola dg system tebang pilih cukup rumit. Berbagai upaya dilakukan agar proses pendayagunaan sumberdaya hutan dpt memberikan manfaat yg optimum dg sedikit menimbulkan pemborosan kayu dan kerusakan lingkungan. Kenyataan di lapangan menunjukkan kegiatan pemanenan kayu cenderung bersifat ekstensif. Cara pemanfaatan sumberdaya hutan tsb menyebabkan terjadinya limbah cukup banyak sehingga tingkat efisiensinya menjadi jauh lebih rendah dari potensi sebenarnya. Di sisi lain, sejalan dg perkembangan teknologi industri pengolahan kayu yg dpt menghasilkan beraneka macam bentuk produk, maka kegiatan pemanenan kayu dituntut utk menyediakan bahan baku yg memadai secara kualitas dan kuantitas. Utk itu, semua kegiatan yg mencerminkan pemborosan dan mengarah pd terancamnya kelestarian hasil harus dicegah. Dg demikian limbah kayu dpt ditekan serta nilai efisiensi pemanfaatan kayu menjadi meningkat.Kata kunci: Efisiensi, penebangan, konvensional, terkendali, hutan alam, limbah.

33. Dulsalam & S. Suhartana. (2000). Kajian efisiensi penebangan kayu di hutan tanaman. Dalam Haryanto, Y., K. Purba & C. Hediana (Penyunting). Prosiding Lokakarya Penelitian HH, tanggal 7 Desember 2000 di Bogor. Hlm. 145-152. Pusat Penelitian HH. Bogor.

ABSTRACTDewasa ini keperluan bahan baku industri pengolahan kayu diperkirakan mencapai 37 juta m3/th,

sedang kayu yg dihasilkan dari hutan alam baru sekitar 27 juta m3/th. Dg demikian kekurangan bahan baku sekitar 10 juta m3/th. Utk mengatasi permasalahan di atas, pemerintah mengambil kebijaksanaan dg melaksanakan pembangunan HTI. Akan tetapi pengalaman di bidang hutan tanaman (HT) khususnya utk jenis tanaman cepat tumbuh, masih terbatas. Namun demikian HTI tsb diharapkan mampu menghasilkan kayu sebanyak 150 m3/ha/th. Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack) dan Tusam (Pinus merkusii Jungh et de Vriese) merupakan dua jenis yg digunakan dlm pembangunan HTI. Sejalan dg perkembangan teknologi industri pengolahan kayu yg dpt menghasilkan beraneka macam bentuk produk, seperti kayu lapis, papan partikel, pulp dan kertas serta utk energi, maka kegiatan penebangan kayu dituntut agar mampu

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menyediakan bahan baku yg memadai secara kualitas dan kuantitas. Guna mendukung kebutuhan bahan baku bagi industri tsb, maka semua tindakan yg mencerminkan pemborosan dan mengarah pd terancamnya kelestarian hasil haruslah dicegah. Salah satu cara adalah dg mendayagunakan pohon yg telah ditebang secara efisien dg memanfaatkan limbah kayu yg sebenarnya masih tergolong baik. Di samping itu dpt pula dg menerapkan teknik penebangan serendah mungkin yg dpt meningkatkan nilai efisiensi pemanfaatan kayu.Kata kunci: Efisiensi, penebangan, hutan tanaman, sungkai, tusam, limbah.

34. Suhartana, S. (2000). Penyaradan kayu di hutan rawa. Dalam Daryono, H., Y.J. Sidik, Y. Mile, E.Subagyo, T.S. Hadi, A.Akbar, & Kushartati (Penyunting). Prosiding Seminar Pengelolaan hutan rawa gambut dan ekspose hasil penelitian di hutan lahan basah, tanggal 9 Maret 2000 di Banjarmasin. Hlm.171-179. Pusat Litbang Hutan dan Konservasi Alam. Bogor.

ABSTRACTPengeluaran kayu dg system kuda2 dan pengangkutan kayu melalui jalan rel di hutan rawa

mempunyai produktivitas relative rendah serta memerlukan volume kayu yg cukup tinggi utk pembuatan jalannya. Pengeluaran kayu dg system ini juga mengakibatkan kerusakan tegakan tingal dan keterbukaan lahan cukup tinggi. Agar kelestarian hutan rawa dpt terjamin sekaligus pasokan kayu utk industri terus berkelanjutan, perlu dicoba pengeluaran kayu dg system eksavator. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didpt bahwa apabila dilihat dari aspek produktivitas kayu, kerusakan tegakan tinggal tingkat tiang dan pohon serta derajat keterbukaan lahan yg terjadi, ternyata system eksavator dlm penyaradan kayu dpt: (1) meningkatkan produktivitas kayu sebesar 6,16 m3.hm/jam; (2) mengurangi kerusakan tegakan tinggal (pohon) sebesar 12,76% ; dan (3) mengurangi keterbukaan lahan sebesar 6,34%.Kata kunci: Penyaradan, hutan rawa, kuda-kuda, eksavator.

35. Suhartana, S. & Dulsalam. (2001). Kerusakan tegakan tinggal dan produktivitas kerja pd tebang penjarangan secara selektif:Kasus di satu perusahaan HTI di Sumsel (Residual stand damage and work productivity in a selective thinning g :a case study at a timber estate company in South Sumatera). Buletin PHH 19(1):9-17. Pusat Litbang THH. Bogor.

ABSTRACTThe study was carried out at a timber estate company in South Sumatera in 1999. The aim of the

study is to know the effect of selective thinning to residual stand damage and work productivity. Data collected were: thinned and damaged trees; residual stand; thinning time; diameter and length of thinned trees. The data was analyzed by tabulation. The result of the study showed that the average of residual stand damaged and the average of work productivity in selective thinning are respectively 6.22% and 56.167 m3/hour.Keywords: Selective thinning, residual stand damaged, work productivity.

36. Suhartana, S. (2001). Teknik penebangan terkendali utk minimasi kerusakan tegakan tinggal (Controlled felling technique for minimizing residual stand damage). Dalam Hadiwiardjo, B.H., Suryadi, A.A. Mustar, & Sulistijaningsih (Dewan Redaksi/Penyunting). Prosiding Pertemuan dan Presentasi Ilmiah Standardisasi dan Jaminan Mutu, tanggal 28 Agustus 2001 di Jakarta. Hlm. 73-84. Badan Standardisasi Nasional. Jakarta.

ABSTRACTFelling activities in tropical natural forest is carried out by practicing the Indonesian Selective

Cutting and Planting System (TPTI). However, the fact indicates that the holders of forest concession rights have not implemented the TPTI yet. The implications that the residual stand damages are relatively high. The study of the residual stand damages caused by controlled and conventional felling was carried out at a forest company in West Kalimantan in 2000. The aim of the study is to know the effect of controlled and conventional felling to residual stand damages. The results of the study showed: (1) The average of residual stand damaged (trees) is 7.96% for the controlled felling and 10.45% for conventional felling. This difference of 2.49% is significant; and (2) The average of residual stand damaged (poles) is 7.81% for the controlled felling and 14.25% for conventional felling. This difference of 6.45% is highly significant.Keywords: controlled felling, conventional, residual stand damages.

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37. Suhartana, S. (2001). Pengeluaran kayu di hutan rawa denang sistem kuda-kuda dan eksavator. Sylva Tropika No. 3: 13-16, Nopember 2001. Badan Litbang Kehutanan. Jakarta.

ABSTRACT(1) Produktivitas system eksavator (20,51 m3.hm/jam) lebih tinggi daripada system kuda-kuda (14,35 m3.hm/jam); (2) Biaya penyaradan dg system eksavator (Rp 5.560/ m3 ) lebih rendah daripada system kuda-kuda (Rp 23.000/ m3); (3) Kerusakan tegakan tinggal tingkat pohon dan tiang pd system eksavator (15,78% dan 20,92%) lebih rendah disbanding system kuda-kuda (28,54% dan 38,66%); (4) Keterbukaan lahan akibat system eksavator (13,50%) lebih kecil daripada system kuda-kuda (19,84%); (5) Berdasarkan aspek teknis (produktivitas), ekonomis (biaya penyaradan) dan ekologis (kerusakan tegakan tinggal dan keterbukaan lahan), maka system eksavator lebih baik daripada system kuda-kuda.

38. Suhartana, S. (2001). Pengaruh penebangan terkendali dan konvensional terhadap kerusakan tegakan tinggal dan produktivitas kerja (The effect of controlled and conventional felling to residual stand damage and work productivity). Buletin PHH 19(4):219-230. Pusat Litbang THH. Bogor.

ABSTRACTThe study was carried out at a forest company in West Kalimantan in 2000. The aim of the study

is to know the effect of controlled and conventional felling to residual stand damage and work produkctivity. Data collected were felled and damaged trees, trees with diameter of 20 cm and up, diameter and length of log, and felling time. The data was analyzed by t-test. The results of the study showed: (1) he average of residual stand damaged is 7.05% for the controlled felling and 11.75% for conventional felling. This difference of 4.70% is significant; and (2) The average of work productivity were 17.462 m 3/hour for the controlled felling and 24.094 m3/hour for conventional felling. This difference of 6.632 m3/hour is highly significant.Keywords: residual stand damages, felling productivity, controlled, conventional.

39. Basari, Z, S. Suhartana, W.Endom, Dulsalam, & Y. Sugilar. (2002). Kajian produktivitas alat muat kayu KPH2 di BKPH Gunung Halu, KPH Bandung Selatan Perum Perhutani Unit III Jawa Barat (A technical and economical studies of the wood loading equipment KPH2 at BKPH Gunung Halu, KPH bandung Selatan Perum Perhutani Unit III West Java). Buletin PHH 20(2):165-176. Pusat Litbang THH. Bogor.

ABSTRACT The KPH2 a type of equipment for wood loading into truck was designed by Forest Engineering

and Forest Harvest Divition Forest Products Research Center Bogor. An operation trial has been done in BKPH Gunung Halu, Bandung Selatan Forest District, perum Perhutani Unit III West Java. The objective of this study is to find the productivity and operation cost of loading rasamala log into truck, using a helper KPH2 and by manual system. The results showed that productivity of KPH2 equipment and manual were 0.02 m3/minute/m and 0.04 m3/minute/m, with operation cost of Rp 18,523/ m3 and Rp 2000/ m3

respectively. Keywords: Harvesting, productivity, loading, cost.

40. Suhartana, S. (2002). Dampak pembalakan berwawasan lingkungan (PBL) terhadap kerusakan tegakan dan biaya penyaradan di hutan produksi alam (The effect of reduced impact logging/RIL on stand damage and skidding cost in natural production forest). Buletin PHH 20(4):285-301. Pusat Litbang THH. Bogor

ABSTRACTThis paper deals with the results of study on implementing reduced impact logging (RIL) as well

as conventional logging (CL), which was carried out in natural production forest under the concession operation of a forest company in Riau in 2001. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of RIL on possible improvement or securing the stand damage, level of ground exposure, top soil displacement, and cost related skidding productivity. The data collected in this regard were the number of felled trees (stands), number of trees with diameter of 20 cm or greater, number of damaged trees and poles, ground exposure, top soil displacement, skidding cost, and skidding productivity. The data as such consisted of two main categories, i.e. the one and the other one that resulted consecutively from the implementation of RIL and CL systems. The two-category data were analyzed with respect to their possible differences using a t-test. Results of study revealed that the implementation of RIL system brought out more convenient impacts in comparison to the CL, as follows: (1) level of tree (stand) damage would decrease by about 5.4% (highly

12

significant); (2) Ground exposure decreased by around 9% (significant); (3) The decrease in top soil displacement by about 2.4 mm (highly significant); (4) Skidding cost decreased by some Rp 398.98/m 3. With respect to skidding productivity using RIL (compared to CL), there was apparently an increase by about 2.6 m3/hour. However, such an increase was not significantly different. Based on environmental, technical and economical considerations, the RIL system for future logging operation can be recommended in preference to the CL.Keywords: RIL, conventional skidding, forest stand damage, skidding cost, natural forest.

41. Suhartana, S. (2002). Pemanenan berwawasan lingkungan (PBL) berbasis luasan petak tebang utk mengurangi kerusakan tegakan tinggal di salah satu perusahaan hutan di Riau (Reduced impact logging based on cutting area for decreasing the stand damage at a forest company in Riau). Jurnal Standardisasi 4(3):47-54, November 2002. Badan Standardisasi Nasional. Jakarta.

ABSTRACTThis paper deals with the results of study on implementing reduced impact logging (RIL) based on

cutting area 1 ha as well as 2 ha RIL, which was carried out in natural production forest under the concession operation of a forest company in Riau in 2002. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of RIL 1 ha on possible improvement or securing of the stand damaged. The data collected in this regard were the number of felled trees (stands), number of trees with the diameter of 20 cm or greater, number of damaged trees and poles. The data as such consisted of two main categories, i.e. the one and the other one that resulted consecutively from the implementation of the 1 ha RIL and the 2 ha RIL systems. The two-category data were analyzed with respect to their possible differences using a t-test. Results of study revealed that implementation of the 1 ha RIL system brought out impacts in comparison to the 2 ha RIL, as follows: (1) Level of tree (stand) damage would decrease by about 0.8%; (2) Level of poles damage would decrease by about 0.6%. However, such an decrease were not significantly different. Based on environmental consideration, the 1 ha RIL system for future logging operation can be recommended in preference to the 2 ha RIL.Keywords: The 1 ha, reduced impact logging, stand damages.

42. Suhartana, S. (2002). Produktivitas dan biaya penebangan dan penyaradan di satu perusahaan HTI di Jambi. Dalam Tinambunan, D., N. Supriana, R.Sudradjat, & O. Rachman (Penyunting). Prosiding Seminar Hasil Penelitian Teknologi Hasil Hutan, tanggal 19 Desember 2002 di Bogor. Hlm.53-60. Pusat Litbang THH. Bogor.

ABSTRACTPenelitian telah dilaksanakan pd th 2002 di satu perusahaan HTI di Jambi. Tujuan penelitian

adalah utk mengetahui besarnya produktivitas dan biaya penebangan dg menggunakan gergaji rantai Stihl 070 serta produktivitas dan biaya penyaradan dg menggunakan skyline ISUZU 240. Data yg dikumpulkan meliputi waktu tebang dan sarad, volume kayu yg ditebang dan yg disarad, jarak sarad, semua pengeluaran seperti pemakaian bahan bakar, oli/gemuk, upah, biaya penyusutan, biaya pemeliharaan/perbaikan, bunga, asuransi, pajak. Data diolah secara tabulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Rata2 produktivitas penebangan adalah 27,98 m3/jam; (2) Biaya produksi penebangan sebesar Rp 1.825,2/ m3; (3) Rata2 produktivitas penyaradan adalah 21,06 m3/jam; (4) Biaya produksi penyaradan sebesar Rp 3.768,2/ m3.Kata kunci: Produktivitas, biaya produksi, penebangan, gergaji rantai, penyaradan, skyline isuzu 240.

43. Suhartana, S. & I. Sumantri. (2003). Partisipasi perusahaan hutan utk kesejahteraan masyarakat melalui kegiatan pemanenan hutan:Studi kasus di HPHTI PT. Wirakarya Sakti, Jambi. Info Hasil Hutan 10(1):17-27. Pusat Litbang THH. Bogor.

ABSTRACTPenelitian telah dilakukan pd th 2001 di satu perusahaan HTI di Jambi. Tujuan penelitian adalah

utk mengetahui partisipasi perusahaan dlm menyejahterakan masyarakat di bidang pemanenan hasil hutan agar diperoleh mutu lingkungan yg lebih baik. Data yg dikumpulkan meliputi: produktivitas penebangan, penyaradan, pengengkutan dan pemuatan serta daftar isian mengenai keberadaan HPHTI dan keinginan masyarakat utk berpartisipasi dlm pembangunan HTI. Data dianalisi secara tabulasi dan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Partisipasi perusahaan di bidang perekrutan tenaga kerja adalah cukup baik yg dicerminkan oleh komposisi tenaga local dg pendatang 48,5% dan 51,5%; (2) Partisipasi perusahaan di bidang pembayaran kewajiban pd Negara sebesar Rp 73.978.709.062 dan US $ 903,526; (3) Partisipasi perusahaan di bidang PMDH baik yg tercermin dari adanya pembangunan hutan rakyat dan

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koperasi; dan (4) Kesejahteraan masyarakat yg terlibat kegiatan pemanenan HTI meningkat dg meningkatnya penghasilan utk masing2 kegiatan penebangan, penyaradan, pengangkutan dan pemuatan berturut-turut antara Rp 16.666-Rp 26.666; Rp 350.000-Rp 1.550.000; Rp 390.000-Rp 1.710.000 dan Rp 450.000-Rp 1.250.000.Kata kunci: Partisipasi, kesejahteraan masyarakat, HTI.

44. Suhartana, S., M.Sinaga. & A. Hidayat. (2003). Pengaruh pemanenan berwawasan lingkungan terhadap keterbukaan lahan, penggeseran lapisan tanah atas dan produktivitas penyaradan. Info Hasil Hutan 10(1):43-56. Pusat Litbang THH. Bogor.

ABSTRACTTulisan ini mengetengahkan hasil penelitian mengenai pemanenan berwawasan lingkungan (PBL)

1 ha dan PBL 2 ha. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Riau pd th 2002. Tujuan penelitian adalah utk mengetahui sampai seberapa jauh PBL 1 ha da PBL 2 ha dpt berperan thd pengurangan keterbukaan lahan, kedalaman penggeseran lapisan tanah atas, peningkatan produktivitas sarad dan penghematan biaya sarad. Data yg dikumpulkan adalah: lahan terbuka akibat penyaradan dan pembuatan jalan sarad, kedalaman lapisan tanah atas, produktivitas sarad dan biaya yg dikeluarkan. Data dianalisis dg uji-t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa apabila menerapkan teknik PBL 1ha dpt: (1) menurunkan tingkat keterbukaan lahan sebesar 0,87%; (2) mengurangi kedalaman lpenggeseran apisan tanah atas sebesar 0,6%; (3) meningkatkan produktivitas sarad sebesar 0,3 m3/jam; dan (4) menghemat biaya penyaradan sebesar Rp 100/ m3 dibandingkan PBL 2 ha. Perbedaan tsb semuanya tdk nyata. Berdasarkan pertimbangan lingkungan, teknis dan ekonomis, teknik PBL 1 ha dan 2 ha adalah relative sama.Kata kunci: Penyaradan, keterbukaan lahan, penggeseran lapisan tanah atas, produktivitas, biaya.

45. Suhartana, S. ( 2003). Penyaradan terkendali untuk minimasi kerusakan hutan dan biaya di hutan alam. Dalam Subiyanto, B., P. Permadi, O. Rachman, I.M. Sulastiningsih, Jasni, & C. Hediana (Penyunting). Prosiding Seminar Nasional 5 MAPEKI, tanggal 30 Agustus-1 September 2002 di Bogor. Hlm. 756-762. Kerjasama antara Pusat Litbang THH dengan MAPEKI. Bogor.

ABSTRACTMakalah ini menyajikan kerusakan hutan dan biaya penyaradan pd teknik terkendali dan

konvensional berdasarkan hasil2 penelitian yg ada. Tujuan penulisan makalah adalah utk memberi gambaran seberapa jauh kerusakan hutan yg terjadi dan biaya penyaradan yg diperlukan pd kedua teknik penyaradan tsb. Dari hasil kajian dpt diketahui bahwa: (1) kerusakan tegakan tinggal pd teknik penyaradn terkendali berkisar antara 7,05-19,1%. Sedangkan pd teknik konvensional kerusakan tsb berkisar antara 11,75-40,4%; (2) besarnya derajat keterbukaan lahan utk system penyaradn terkendali dan konvensional berturut-turut berkisar antara 11,2-39% dan 15,2-57,50%; (3) besarnya penggeseran lapisan tanah atas utk teknik terkendali dan konvensional berkisar antara 4,2-5% dan 5,5-6,4%; dan (4) biaya penyaradan teknik terkendali dan konvensional berkisar antara Rp 9.150/m3-Rp 34.000/ m3 dan Rp 8.000/m3-Rp 51.000/ m3 . Teknik penyaradan terkendali cenderung mengurangi kerusakan hutan dan biaya penyaradan.Kata kunci: penyaradan, terkendali, konvensional, minimasi, kerusakan hutan, biaya sarad.

46. Suhartana, S. (2003). Peran perusahaan hutan untuk kesejahteraan masyarakat melalui kegiatan pemanenan hutan:Kasus di salah satu perusahaan HTI di Jambi (The contribution of forest company in increasing people welfare through forest harvesting activities: A case study at a timber estate company in Jambi) . Dalam Kasim, A., M. Djalal, N.Nazir, Yumarni, W.nasrul, E. Sulastri, & B. Supriadi (Penyunting). Prosiding Seminar Nasional 6 MAPEKI, tanggal 1-3 Agustus 2003 di Bukittinggi. Hlm. 418-429. Kerjasama Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Barat dengan MAPEKI. Bukittinggi.

ABSTRACTThe study was carried out at a timber estate company in Jambi in 2002. The aim of the study is to

find out the contribution of company to people welfare on forest product harvesting activities. Data collected were: productivity of felling, extracting, transportation and loading, quisionare about existence of timber estate company and what people want to participate in timber estate development. The data was analyzed by tabulation and descriptief. The results of the study showed: (1) in labour, the company was participated enough, this indicated with labour composition between local and foreign was 42% and 58%; (2) in payment of forestlevies like DR and PSDH, the company was participated about Rp 65.579.163.666,76 and US $ 9,340,274.62; and (3) People welfare were increased if they participated to

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timber estate activities, this indicated by they increasing income for felling, extracting, transportation and loading were Rp 16.666,68 (6.7%)-Rp 216.666,72 (3.1%); Rp 150.000 (60%)-Rp 4.750.000 (558%); Rp 390.000 (156%)-Rp 1.710.000 (20%); Rp 250.000 (100%)-Rp 650.000 (76.5%).Keywords: participatief, people welfare, timber estate.

47. Suhartana, S., W. Endom & Dulsalam. (2004). Peran keteknikan hutan dalam pembangunan dan pemanenan hutan tanaman. Dalam Rachman, O., D. Tinambunan, R. Sudradjat, Barly, & J. Balfas (Penyunting). Prosiding Ekspose Hasil-Hasil Litbang Hasil Hutan dalam mendukung program restrukturisasi industri kehutanan, tanggal 16 Desember 2003 di Bogor. Hlm. 117-127. Pusat Litbang THH. Bogor.

ABSTRACTDalam pembangunan hutan tanaman (HT), keteknikan hutan (KH) memegang peranan penting.

KH berperan penting dlm kegiatan silvikultur, pembangunan jalan hutan, pemanenan, bangunan hutan, lingkungan hutan dan ergonomic. KH yg efektif dan efisien serta berdampak minimal perlu diimplementasikan dlm pembangunan HT dlm upaya mengatasi kekurangan bahan baku kayu utk industri pulp dan industri kayu pertukangan. Dlm hal ini, KH yg menyangkut pemanenan memegang peranan penting dlm pengusahaan HT karena sangat menentukan efektivitas kerja, produktivitas, biaya dan gangguan lingkungan. KH dlm pembangunan kehutanan sangat diperlukan. Namun sampai saat ini perhatian pengelola hutan masih sangat terbatas. Tujuan dari penulisan makalah ini adalah memberikan informasi secara umum tentang peranan keteknikan dlm pembangunan HT yg dibahas secara teknis dan ekonomis.Kata kunci: Keteknikan hutan, hutan tanaman, angkutan bibit, pemanenan.

48. Suhartana, S. & I. Sumantri. (2004). Penebangan serendah mungkin utk meingkatkan produktivitas dan efisiensi pemanfaatan kayu di HTI Riau. Dalam Rachman, O., D. Tinambunan, R. Sudradjat, Barly, & J. Balfas (Penyunting). Prosiding Ekspose Hasil-Hasil Litbang Hasil Hutan dalam mendukung program restrukturisasi industri kehutanan, tanggal 16 Desember 2003 di Bogor. Hlm. 145-151. Pusat Litbang THH. Bogor.

ABSTRACTTulisan ini mengetengahkan hasil penelitian tentang produktivitas dan biaya penebangan serta

efisiensi penebangan dg teknik serendah mungkin dan dg teknik konvensional. Penelitian dilakukan di satu perusahaan HTI di Riau pd th 2003. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah utk mengetahui pengaruh penebangan serendah mungkin thd produktivitas dan efisiensinya. Sasaran penelitian adalah meminimalkan tinggi tunggak yg terjadi serta memaksimalkan diameter yg dpt dimanfaatkan sampai 5 cm yg pd akhirnya akan meningkatkan produksi kayu. Data yg dikumpulkan adalah waktu kerja, hasil kerja dan biaya penebangan. Data dianalisis dg menggunakan uji-t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dg menerapkan teknik penebangan serendah mungkin: (1) Produktivitas penebangan meningkat sebesar 2,06 m3 /jam (berbeda nyata pd taraf 95%); (2) efisiensi penebangan meningkat sebesar 13,7% (sangat berbeda nyata pd taraf 99%) yg setara dg 0,006 m3 per pohon berasal dari cabang dan 12 cm berasal dari tunggak; (3) biaya penebangan berkurang sebesar Rp 45,92 (tidak berbeda nyata); dan (4) rata2 tinggi tunggak yg dicapai oleh penebangan serendah mungkin adalah 25,9 cm dan oleh konvensional sebesar 37,9 cm.Kata kunci: Penebangan serendah mungkin, produktivitas, efisiensi pemanfaatan kayu, peningkatan, HTI.

49. Suhartana, S. & Rahmat. (2004). Pengaruh penebangan serendah mungkin thd produktivitas dan efisiensi pemanfaatan kayu sengon di satu perusahaan hutan tanaman di Propinsi Jambi (The effect of lowest possible feling technique to wood productivity and efficiency of sengon at a timber estate in Jambi). Jurnal Rimba Kalimantan 9(1):16-20, Juni 2004. Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Mulawarman. Samarinda.

ABSTRACTThe implementation of felling technique at a timber estate is not efficient and not appropriate, yet.

So, it is important to increase felling productivity and felling efficiency by study of the lowest possible felling technique (LPFT). The case study was carried out at a timber estate under the concession operation of a forest company in Jambi in 2003. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of LPFT on felling productivity and efficiency. The data collected in this regard were: working time, volume, productivity, efficiency, stump height and felling cost. The two-categories data were analyzed with respect to their possible differences using a t-test. Result of study revealed that the implementation of LPFT brought out

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more convenient impacts in comparison to the conventional felling technique (CFT), as follows: (1) felling productivity increase by about 3.83 m3/hour (highly significant); (2) felling efficiency increase by about 30.9% (highly significant, 0.009 m3 per tree from branch and 26.7 cm per tree from stump); (3) felling cost decreased by some Rp 1.185,76 (not significant); and (4) the average of stump height when practicing the LPFT is 19.97 cm, while for CFT is 46.7 cm.Keywords: Felling technique, wood production, increasing, appropriate, timber estate.

50. Suhartana, S., M. Sinaga & I. Sumantri. (2004). Peningkatan produktivitas dan efisiensi penebangan kayu mangium di satu perusahaan hutan tanaman di Propinsi Jambi (Increasing productivity and felling efficiency of Accacia mangium Wild at a timber estate in Jambi). Jurnal PHH 22(3):175-182, Oktober 2004. Pusat Litbang THH. Bogor.

ABSTRACT Implementation of felling technique in the timber estate is not yet practiced efficiently and

appropriately. Study on the lowest possible felling technique (LPFT) is considered important to increase felling productivity and felling efficiency. This study was carried out at a timber estate in Jambi in 2003. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of LPFT on felling productivity and efficiency. Data collected in this regard were: working time, wood volume, productivity, efficiency, stump height and felling cost. Two-categories data were analyzed with respect to their possible differences using a t-test. Results revealed that implementation of LPFT brought out more convenient impacts in comparison to the conventional felling technique (CFT), as follows: (1) Felling productivity increased at 3.177 m3/hour; (2) felling efficiency increased approximately 7.4%; (3) felling cost decreased by some Rp 159.1; and (4) the average stump height were 21.14 cm for LPFT and 32.83 cm for CFT.Keywords: Felling technique, wood production, increasing production, timber estate.

51. Suhartana, S. (2004). Penerapan teknik penebangan serendah mungkin utk meningkatkan produktivitas dan efisiensi penebangan kayu di HTI Riau. Dalam Muin, M., A.Arif & Misdarti (Penyunting). Prosiding Seminar Nasional MAPEKI 7, tanggal 5-6 Agustus 2004 di Makassar. Hlm. D6-D14. Kerjasama antara MAPEKI, Balitbang Kehutanan Sulawesi, Jurusan Kehutanan Universitas Hasanudin. Makassar.

ABSTRACTThis paper deals with the results of study on felling productivity and efficiency and it cost when

practicing the lowest possible felling technique (LPFT) and the conventional felling technique (CFT). The case study was carried out in timber estate under the concession operation of a forest company in Riau in 2003. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of LPFT on felling productivity and efficiency. The data collected in this regard were: working time, volume and felling cost. The two-categories data were analyzed with respect to their possible differences using a t-test.

Results of study revealed that the implementation of LPFT brought out more convenient impacts in comparison to the CFT, as follows: (1) felling productivity increase by about 2.43 m 3/hour; (2) felling efficiency increase by about 15.0%; (3) felling cost decreased by some Rp 53.52/ m3; and (4) the average of stump height when practicing the LPFT is 25.7 cm, while for CFT is 37 cm.Keywords: Felling technique, wood production, increasing, appropriate, timber estate.

52. Suhartana, S. (2004). The effects of controlled skidding technique on residual stand damage and ground exposure in swamp forest logging. Journal of Forestry Research 1(1):1-6, November 2004. Forestry Research and Development Agency. Jakarta. Indonesia.

ABSTRACTThe case study was carried out at a swamp forest company in Riau in 2001. The aim of the study

was to determine the effect of controlled skidding technique to residual stand damage and groun exposure. Data collected includes: felled trees, poles, trees with the diameter 20 cm up, damaged poles, damaged trees and ground exposure. The data was analyzed with t-test. The study showed the following results: (1) The average of residual stand damage caused by controlled skidding technique was 29.05% for poles and 19.8% for trees. The average of residual stand damage caused by conventional skidding technique was 34.2% for poles and 24.9% for trees. The difference of 5.1% (poles) and 5.1 (trees) were significant at 95%; and (2) The average of ground exposure caused by controlled skidding technique and conventional skidding technique was respectively 16.06% and 18.4%. The difference of 2.34% was significant at 95%.Keywords: controlled skidding technique, residual stand damage, ground exposure, swamp forest.

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2005-2007 (25 artikel)53. Suhartana, S. & Krisdianto. (2005). Minimizing residual stand damage and felling cost using lowest

possible felling technique. Journal of Forestry Research 2(1):1-12, March 2005. Forestry Research and Development Agency. Jakarta.

ABSTRACTThe implementation of felling technique in logging companies is not yet carried out efficiently and

appropriately. Studi on the lowest possible felling technique (LPFT) is considered to be important to reduce residual stand damage and felling cost. This study was carried out in a logging company in West Kalimantan in 2004. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of LPFT on residual stand damage and felling cost. Data collected in this research include: residual stand damage, working time, timber volume, productivity, efficiency, stump height and felling cost. Two categories data were analyzed with respect to their possible differences using t-test. The result showed that the implementation of LPFT was more advantage impact compared to that of conventional felling technique (CFT), which is indicated by the following factors: (1) Trees damage decreased 2.96%; (2) Poles damage decreased 4.75%; (3) Felling productivity decreased 17.16%; (4) felling efficiency increased approximately 3.2%; (5) Felling cost increased about Rp 327.07/m3; and (6) in average stump height was 40.60 cm lower.Keywords: Felling technique, residual stand damage, increasing production, natural forest product.

54. Suhartana, S. & D. Tinambunan. (2005). Peningkatan produktivitas dan efisiensi pemanfaatan kayu melalui penebangan serendah mungkin dg timber harvester di satu HTI Riau. Prosiding Ekspose hasil-Hasil Litbang Hasil Hutan, tanggal 14 Desember 2004 di Bogor. Hlm.95-103, Agustus 2005. Pusat Litbang Hasil Hutan. Bogor.

ABSTRACTPenelitian dilakukan di satu perusahaan HTI di Riau pada tahun 2004. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah

untuk mengetahui pengaruh penebangan serendah mungkin dengan timber harvester terhadap produktivitas dan efisiensinya. Sasaran penelitian adalah meminimalkan tinggi tunggak yang terjadi serta memaksimalkan diameter yang dapat dimanfaatkan sampai 5 cm yang pada akhirnya akan meningkatkan produksi kayu. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah waktu kerja, hasil kerja dan biaya penebangan. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji-t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan menerapkan teknik penebangan serendah mungkin: (1) Produktivitas penebangan meningkat sebesar 2,505 m3/jam (tidak berbeda nyata) ; (2) Efisiensi penebangan meningkat sebesar 7,3% (sangat berbeda nyata pada taraf 99%) yang setara dengan 0,003 m3 per pohon berasal dari cabang dan 3,78 cm berasal dari tunggak; (3) Biaya penebangan berkurang sebesar Rp 1.638 (tidak berbeda nyata); dan (4)Rata-rata tinggi tunggak yang dicapai oleh penebangan serendah mungkin adalah 11,32 cm dan oleh konvensional sebesar 15,10 cm.Kata kunci : Penebangan serendah mungkin, timber harvester, produktivitas, efisiensi pemanfaatan kayu.

55. Yuniawati & S. Suhartana. (2005). Wajah industri perkayuan Indonesia (The Profile of Indonesian Wood Industry). Dalam Dayadi, I., A.N. Fahmi, Rindayatno & Jufriah (Penyunting). Prosiding Seminar Nasional MAPEKI 8, tanggal 3-5 September 2005 di Tenggarong. Hlm. D.142-D148. Kerjasama MAPEKI, Pemda Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara Kalimantan Timur, Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Mulawarman. Tenggarong.

ABSTRACTIndonesian wood industries have already given contributions to our country and much laborer. In

operasional it becomes up and down. The aim of this study was to give information some problems on the wood indutry in Indonesia. The methods in this study is taken from some references. The problems on the Indonesian wood industry that is the supply of logs as raw material is difficult found and ilegal logging. It can drop wood price and the supply logs will be minus. It will be our competition on wood industry becomes more difficult . At the moment Chine and Malaysia bigger plywood exporter then Indonesia. Government policy must be reinvestigated. This time Indonesian wood industry are much bankrupt or closed and is caused 15.380.600 laborers are almost broken. The government must give more attention to expand this industry.Keywords : wood industry, problems, policy, the government

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56. Suhartana, S. & Yuniawati. (2005). Meningkatkan produksi kayu Pinus melalui penebangan serendah mungkin: Studi kasus di KPH Sumedang, Perum Perhutani Unit III Jawa Barat. Info Hasil Hutan 11(2):87-96, Oktober 2005. Pusat Litbang HH. Bogor.

ABSTRACTTulisan ini mengetengahkan hasil penelitian tentang produktivitas dan biaya penebangan serta

efisiensi pemanfaatan kayu dengan teknik serendah mungkin dan teknik konvensional yang menggunakan gergaji rantai. Efisiensi dan efektivitas teknik yang digunakan pada kegiatan penebangan akan menentukan efisiensi pemanfaatan kayu secara keseluruhan. Perlu adanya penyempurnaan teknik penebangan. Penelitian dilakukan di Kesatuan Pemangkuan Hutan (KPH) Sumedang, Perum Perhutani Unit III Jawa Barat pada tahun 2004. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui produktivitas dan efisiensi penebangan serendah mungkin. Sasaran penelitian adalah berkurangnya tinggi tunggak yang terjadi dan meningkatnya produksi kayu melalui pemanfaatan kayu sampai diameter minimal 5 cm. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah waktu kerja, hasil kerja dan biaya penebangan. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji-t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan menerapkan teknik penebangan serendah mungkin : (1) Produktivitas penebangan meningkat sebesar 2,635 m3/jam ; (2) Efisiensi pemanfaatan kayu meningkat sebesar 16,3% yang setara dengan 0,56 m3 (16,08%) per pohon berasal dari cabang dan 0,013 m3 (0,22%) per pohon berasal dari tunggak : (3) Biaya penebangan berkurang sebesar Rp. 622,71 / m3 ; dan (4) Rata-rata tinggi tunggak yang dicapai adalah 13,05 cm pada teknik penebangan serendah mungkin dan 21,97 cm pada penebangan secara konvensional.Kata kunci : Penebangan serendah mungkin, tusam, produktivitas, efisiensi.

57. Suhartana, S., Yuniawati & D. Tinambunan. (2005). Peningkatan pemanfaatan kayu rasamala dg perbaikan teknik penebangan dan sikap tubuh penebang: Studi kasus di KPH Cianjur, Perhutani Unit III Jawa Barat (Increasing the utilization of rasamala wood by improving felling techniques and feller postures: case study at Cianjur Forest District, Perhutani Unit III west Java). Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan 23(5):349-361, Oktober 2005. Pusat Litbang Hasil Hutan. Bogor.

ABSTRACTThis study was carried out in 2005 at the Cianjur Forest District, Perhutani Unit III West Java.

The aim of this study was to find the increase of the utilization of Rasamala wood by practicing lowest possible felling technique (LPFT) and conventional felling technique (CFT) with two feller postures (squatted and bowed). Data collected in this regard were : working time, wood volume, productivity, efficiency, stump height and felling cost. Data were analyzed by using Factorial Split Plot.

Result revealed that : (1) Implementation of LPFT brought more convenient impacts in comparison to the CFT where as felling efficiency increased approximately 28.5% (squatted posture) or 28.2% (bowed posture); (2) Felling technique and feller posture have significant effects on felling productivity and felling cost; (3) Averages stump heights were 9.18 cm (squatted); 9.64 cm (bowed) for LPFT and 15.83 cm (squatted); 16.41 cm (bowed) for CFT.Keywords : felling technique, squatted, bowed, and felling efficiency.

58. Suhartana, S. & Yuniawati. (2005). Effisiensi penggunaan forwarder timber jack 610 pada kegiatan penyaradan: Studi kasus di satu perusahaan hutan di Kaltim (Efficiency of forwarder timber jack 610 on skidding: A case study at a timber estate in East Kalimantan). Wana Mukti 4(1):65-72, Oktober 2005. Lembaga Penerbitan Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Winaya Mukti. Jatinangor.

ABSTRACTThe use of forwarder timber jack 610 for skidding industrial plantation forest is doing rarely and

the information about the number of this machine required for certain forest condition has not been known. The information is important for measuring the optimum works of this machine . This paper presents the study result of the use of this machine for skidding. Then it is used for determining the optimum number of this machine for skidding..The result of the study revealed that the efficient use of the number of forwarder timber jack 610 for skidding was depended on production target, i.e. 5 units. The number of this machine which operational in this company was less than its required, it could be inefficiency in log production and in finishing time on skidding that caused extra cost for their fixed cost.Keywords: Number of forwarder timber jack 610 , production target, efficiency, cost.

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59. Suhartana, S. & Yuniawati. (2006). Efisiensi penggunaan chainsaw pd kegiatan penebangan: Studi kasus di PT. Surya Hutani Jaya, Kaltim (Efficiency of chainsaw utilization on felling: A case study at PT. Surya Hutani Jaya, East Kalimantan). Jurnal PHH 24(1):63-76, Februari 2006. Pusat Litbang HH. Bogor.

ABSTRACTRecently, the use of chainsaw for felling industrial plantation forest has been increased

significantly. However, the information about the number of chainsaw required for certain forest condition has not been known. The information is important for measuring the optimum works of chainsaw. This paper presents the information of using chainsaw for mangium and gmelina trees felling. The optimum number of chainsaw required for mangium and gmelina trees felling is also discussed. The results of the study revealed that the efficient use of the number of chainsaw for felling trees was depended on production target, i.e for mangium felling needs 21 unit and for gmelina 5 unit chainsaws . The use of all chainsaws available in the field reduced working time significantly but created the problem of high chainsaws idle time afterward that caused high cost for their fixed costsKeywords: Number of chainsaw, efficiency, production target, cost.

60. Suhartana, S. & Yuniawati. (2006). Two felling techniques and feler postures for increasing the utilization of gmelina wod (A case study at two timber estates in East Kalimantan). Journal of Forestry Research 3(1):31-40, March 2006. Forestry Research and Development Agency. Jakarta. ISSN 0216-0919. www.forda-mof.org . 10 hlm. II.A.6.

ABSTRACTFelling is an early step in timber utilization process. Efficiency and effectivity of felling

technique, tool type and feller posture will affect the whole timber utilization efficiency. This study was carried out at two timber estates in East Kalimantan and intended to see the effect of two felling techniques and feller postures on felling productivity, felling cost, as well as timber utilization efficiency. Primary data collected in this research included : felling time, volume of felled timber, productivity, felling efficiency, stump height and felling cost. The data was analyzed using split-plot design with factorial pattern.

The result showed that the implementation of lowest possible felling technique (LPFT) increased log production from 14.4 to 17.7%. The lowest stump height left was of the one using LPFT with particular bowed posture in PT. Sumalindo Lestari Jaya I (SLJ I) (4.82 cm)Keywords : felling technique, feller postures, cost, productivity, efficiency 61. Yuniawati & S. Suhartana. (2006). Produktivitas dan biaya muat bongkar kayu bulat dengan

menggunakan alat mekanis. Info Hasil Hutan 12(1):25-32, April 2006. Pusat Litbang HH. Bogor.ABSTRACT

Muat bongkar dolok merupakan salah satu kegiatan dlm pemanenan hutan. Di luar P. Jawa, pd areal yg luas, muat bongkar umumnya menggunakan peralatan mekanis. Harga alat muat bongkar sangat mahal sehingga perlu direncanakan secara matang sesuai keadaan lapangan. Dg mengetahui produktivitas dan biaya muat bongkar, pemilihan alat yg sesuai dpt lebih mudah dilakukan. Beberapa hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa caterpillar 966C beroda menghasilkan produktivitas muat tertinggi. Produktivitas bongkar tertinggi menggunakan Allis Chalmers 745H dg risiko kerusakan kayu sangat kecil. Biaya muat bongkar yg terendah masing2 menggunakan wheel loader Komatsu WA350.Kata kunci: Muat bongkar, produktivitas, biaya.

62. Suhartana, S., Dulsalam & Y. Ludang. (2006). Implementing lowest possible felling technique at swamp forest: impact on residual stand damage and felling cost. Tropical Peatlands 6(6):15-21, July 2006. The University of Palangkaraya, Indonesia – Centre for International Co-operation in Sustainable Management of Tropical Peatlands (CIMTROP). Palangkaraya, Indonesia. ISSN 1412-0631. cimtrop_suwido@yahoo.com . 7 hlm. II.A.5.

ABSTRACTReducing residual stand damage and felling cost, increasing productivity and felling efficiency at

swamp forest logging must be done through improving the felling technique . This study was carried out at a swamp forest company in Riau, Indonesia in 2004. The aim of this study was to obtain more information on the impact of implementing lowest possible felling technique (LPFT) on residual stand damage and felling cost aspects. Data collected were residual stand damage, working time, wood volume, productivity, efficiency, stump height and felling cost. Two-categories data were analyzed with respect to their possible

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differences using a t-test. Results revealed that implementation of LPFT brought out more convenient impacts in comparison to the conventional felling technique (CFT), as follows: (1) Residual stand damage decreased around 3.16%; (2) Felling efficiency increased approximately 11% ; (3) Felling productivity increased around 6.353 m3/hr and (4) the average stump height were 36.7 cm for LPFT and 67.9 cm for CFT.Keywords: Lowest possible felling technique, residual stand damage, productivity, cost, efficiency,

swamp forest.

63. Suhartana, S. & Yuniawati. (2006). Lowest possible felling technique for increasing utilization of Renghas (Gluta renghas L.) wood at a peat swamp forest: A case study at a forest company in Jambi, Indonesia). Journal of Forestry Research 3(2):105-113, July 2006. Forestry Research and Development Agency. Jakarta, Indonesia. ISSN 0216-0919. www.forda-mof.org . 9 hlm. II.A.6.

ABSTRACTThis study was carried out in 2005 at a peat swamp forest company in Jambi. The aim of this

study was to find out a technique to increase the utilization of renghas wood in a peat swamp forest by implementing the lowest possible felling technique (LPFT) and the conventional felling technique (CFT). Data collected in this study were: working time, log volume, waste volume, productivity, efficiency, stump height and felling cost. Two data categories were analyzed with respect to their possible differences by using a t-test. The study showed that the implementation of LPFT produced better results compared to that of CFT which was indicated by: (1) Felling productivity increased to 5.220 m3/hour, (2) Felling cost decreased Rp 341/m3, (3) Felling efficiency increased 3.2%, and (4) The average stump heights were 41.2 cm for LPFT and 67.5 cm for CFT.Keywords: LPFT, productivity, efficiency, cost, peat swamp forest 64. Suhartana, S., Dulsalam & D. Tinambunan. (2006). Peningkatan produksi hasil hutan melalui

implementasi pemanenan hutan berwawasan lingkungan. Dalam Tinambunan, D., R.Sudradjat, O. Rachman, B. Wiyono & Suhariyanto (Penyunting). Prosiding Seminar Hasil Litbang HH 2005, tanggal 30 Nopember 2005 di Bogor. Hlm. 65-77, Agustus 2006. Pusat Litbang HH. Bogor.

ABSTRACTProduksi hasil hutan terutama kayu memegang peranan cukup berarti dalam pembangunan

nasional. Produksi kayu dari hutan alam cenderung menurun dari tahun ke tahun. Produksi kayu dari hutan tanaman masih relatif sedikit. Kebutuhan kayu untuk industri pengolahan kayu cukup besar sementara jatah produksi tahunan relatif kecil. Untuk meningkatkan produksi hasil hutan terutama kayu dapat dilakukan dengan peningkatan efisiensi pemanenan kayu melalui implementasi pemanenan hutan yang berwawasan lingkungan (PBL). Peningkatan efisiensi pemanenan kayu di hutan alam maupun di hutan tanaman ditujukan agar pemanfaatan sumberdaya hutan optimal dan gangguan lingkungan minimal. Upaya peningkatan produksi hasil hutan dapat direalisasikan melalui implementasi PBL kaitannya dengan teknik, efisiensi dan upaya peningkatan efisiensi pemanenan kayu. Upaya tersebut diharapkan dapat dijadikan bahan acuan bagi para penentu kebijakan dan pelaksana di lapangan.Kata kunci: Produksi hasil hutan, kayu, pemanenan, berwawasan lingkungan.

65. Yuniawati & S. Suhartana. (2006). Kecelakaan kerja akibat kegiatan penebangan (Work accident caused by felling operation). Prosiding Seminar Nasional MAPEKI IX, tanggal 11-13 Agustus 2006 di Banjarbaru. Hlm. 567-572. Kerjasama MAPEKI & Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Lambung Mangkurat. Banjarbaru.

ABSTRACTFelling is an activity with high risk and often makes work accident caused by using mechanized

tool. Such work accident should be properly informed. Work accident on felling can be caused by: (1) Using chainsaw: noise more than 85 dB, fumigation, saw-dust that make trouble to breathing, and kick back; (2) Illness: cold, malaria, breathing infection, head-ache, itching, back-ache, neck-ache and sickening; (3) Feller posture: quickly tired and not-focus may break labor concentration that cause felled tree hit. To minimize the work accident, using safety tool, course of work safety, polyclinic, health regularly checking up, improvement of feller ability and feller posture are suggested. Keywords: Felling, work accident, caused factors, suggestion.

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66. Suhartana, S. & Yuniawati. (2006). Kebutuhan jumlah alat muat bongkar yg efisien: studi kasus di satu perusahaan hutan di Kaltim (The efficient loader-unloader required: A case study at a forest company in East Kalimantan). Prosiding Seminar Nasional MAPEKI IX, tanggal 11-13 Agustus 2006 di Banjarbaru. Hlm. 589-599. Kerjasama MAPEKI & Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Lambung Mangkurat. Banjarbaru.

ABSTRACTThe use of excavator and crane for loading and unloading industrial plantation forest has been

increased . However, the information about the number of machine required for certain forest condition has not been known. The information is important for measuring the optimum works of the machine. This paper presents the information of using excavator and crane for loading and unloading. The optimum number of machine required for loading and unloading is also discussed.The result of the study revealed that the efficient use of the number of excavator and crane for each loading and unloading was depended on production target, i.e. 2 units. The number of crane which operational in this company was less than its required, it could be inefficiency in log production and in finishing time on unloading that caused extra cost for their fixed cost.Keywords: Number of loader and unloader , production target, efficiency, cost.

67. Suhartana, S. dan Yuniawati. (2006). Pengaruh teknik penebangan, sikap tubuh penebang dan kelerengan terhadap efisiensi pemanfaatan kayu Mangium (Acacia mangium Wild) (The effect of felling technique, feller postures, and slope to timber utilization efficiency of Acacia mangium Wild). Peronema Forestry Science Journal 2(2):37-44. Departemen Kehutanan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Medan.

ABSTRACTProductivity and timber utilization efficiency (TUE) could increase and production cost could

decrease by implementing the appropriate felling technique and feller postures.The study was carried out at PT. Finnantara Intiga, West Kalimantan on August 2007. The aim of the study was to find out the effects of slopes ≤ (15% and > 15%), feller postures (squatted, bowed, and stand), and felling techniques (conventional/CLT and lowest possible felling techniques/LPFT) to increasing TUE of mangium. To recommend a better technique, the two felling techniques have been compared based on productivity, efficiency and production cost by using split plot factorial 2x2x3.The results showed: (1 )The highest productivity and TUE,, the lowest cost production and stump height were reached by implementing LPFT on slope of ≤ 15% with bowed, which each of 18,992 m3/hour; 99,4%; Rp 2.691,2/m3; and 9,4 cm respectively; and (2) Implementing LPFT on slopes of ≤ 15% with bowed can increase TUE about 18,5% equal to benefit of Rp 10.097.528.320/year. This is a chance for a forest company to apply the LPFT.Keywords : Timber utility efficiency, productivity, production cost, feler posture

68. Yuniawati & S. Suhartana. (2006). Kajian penyaradan kayu dg traktor Caterpillar. Info Hasil Hutan 12(2):123-131, Oktober 2006. Pusat Litbang Hasil Hutan. Bogor.

ABSTRACTPenyaradan merupakan kegiatan memindahkan kayu dari tunggak ke tempat pengumpulan kayu

(TPn). Penggunaan alat sarad mekanis traktor perlu mempertimbangkan segi teknis, ekonomi dan ekologi. Tujuan tulisan ini utk mengetahui produktivitas yg dihasilkan dan biaya yg dikeluarkan serta kerusakan ekologi yg ditimbulkan pd beberapa tipe traktor caterpillar. Produktivitas penyaradan kayu dg menggunakan traktor caterpillar D7G memiliki nilai tinggi, yaitu 32,56 m3/jam dg jarak sarad 289,2 m, volume kayu 10,43 m3 dan waktu kerja 20,60 menit. Biaya penyaradan dg traktor ini adalah sebesar Rp 7.081,91/ m3. Penggunaan traktor Caterpillar tdk terlepas dari kerusakan ekologi, yaitu kerusakan tegakan tinggal, pemadatan tanah dan penggeseran tanah. Factor yg mempengaruhi produktivitas adalah jarak sarad, volume kayu yg disarad, topografi dan kondisi tanah. Biaya penyaradan dipengaruhi produktivitas, kondisi topografi, dan kondisi tanah. Kerusakan ekologi dipengaruhi kemiringan lapangan, system penebangan, intensitas penggunaan jalan sarad dan kandungan air tanah.Kata kunci: Penyaradan, traktor caterpillar, produktivitas, biaya, kerusakan.

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69. Suhartana, S. & Yuniawati. (2006). Pengaruh teknik penebangan dan sikap tubuh penebang thd peningkatan pemanfaatan kayu Gmelina arborea: Studu kasus di HPHTI PT. Surya Hutani Jaya Kaltim (The effect of felling technique and feller posture to increasing wood utility of Gmelina arborea : A case study at PT. Surya Hutani Jaya East Kalimantan). Rimba Kalimantan 11(2):99-104, Desember 2006. Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Mulawarman. Samarinda.

ABSTRACTThis study was carried out at a timber estate in East Kalimantan in 2005. The aim of this study

was to determine the effect of lowest possible felling technique (LPFT), conventional felling technique (CFT) and feller posture (squatted and bowed) on felling productivity, efficiency and its cost.Data collected in this regard were : working time, wood volume, productivity, efficiency, stump height and felling cost. Data were analyzed by using Factorial Split Plot. Result revealed that : (1) Implementation of LPFT brought out more convenient impacts in comparison to the CFT where as felling efficiency increased approximately 15.2% (squatted posture) or 14.1% (bowed posture); (2) Felling technique and feller posture were not significant to felling productivity and felling cost; (3) The average stump height were 5.63 cm (squatted) ; 4.1 cm (bowed) for LPFT and 9.8 cm (squatted); 11.2 cm (bowed) for CFT.Keywords : felling technique, squatted, bowed, wood utility, timber estate

70. Suhartana, S. & Yuniawati. (2007). Penggunaan alat pemanenan kayu yg efisien:Studi kasus di satu perusahaan hutan di Kaltim ( The use of efficient logging tools: A case study at one forest company in East Kalimantan). Jurnal Wahana Foresta 1(2):1-12, January 2007. Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Lancang Kuning. Pekanbaru.

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the description about the optimum number of logging tools required. The

result of the study revealed that the efficient use of the number of tool for logging was depended on production target, i.e. 5 units for felling tool, 5 units for skidding tool, I unit for transportation tool, and each 2 units for loading and unloading tool. On felling, transportation and loading, number of tol which operational in this company were more than their required. However, on skidding and on unloading they were less than their required. It indicated that logging operation at this company was not yet efficient and effective.Keywords: Number of mechanize tool, less, more, production target, logging.

71. Sukanda, Yuniawati & S. Suhartana.(2007). Monitoring a condition of recovery of residual stand and logged over area after 5 years RIL implementation: A case study at a forest company in Central Kalimantan. Journal of Forestry Research 4(1):45-51, March 2007. Ministry of Forestry, Forestry Research and Development Agency. Jakarta. ISSN 0216-0919. www.forda-mof.org. 7 hlm. II.A.6.

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to identify and evaluate a condition in logged over area (LOA) after 5

years of reduced impact logging (RIL) implementation, and to asses how far recovery of former skidding road, damages in felled and yarded over area, and environmental condition had taken place. Results of this study was expected to provide inputs and to improve the RIL implementation guidance for sending sustainable forest management. The results revealed that: (1)The covers of skidding road reached consecutively 2,641 m2 area (in block I), and 3,147 m2 area (in block II), as both marked by the growing of bushes with coverage portions i.e. 84% and 80%, respectively; (2) The bush that grew on the former skidding road was regarded as pioneer vegetation; (3) The effect of cross drain on skidding road after logging was able to decrease erosion, and increase the recovery of the road condition; and (4) The healthy residual stand after 5 years logging by RIL showed that small diameter felled trees have resulted bigger residual stand damaged then big diameter or the percentage of healthy trees would be small.Keywords: LOA, RIL, residual tree stands, small diameter trees, damaged and healthy stands.

72. Suhartana, S. & Yuniawati. (2007). An evaluation of the optimal number of chainsaw required for felling in a peat swamp forest. Sepilok Bulletin 6:51-60, June 2007. Forest Research Centre, Sabah Forestry Department, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia. frcsabah@sabah.gov.my. ISSN 1823-0067. 10 hlm. II.A.5.

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ABSTRACTThe use of chainsaws for felling in forest concessions has been going on since 1970. However,

information about the number of chainsaws required under certain forest conditions has never been studied. This paper presents findings on the optimal number of chainsaws used for felling in a peat swamp forest in Jambi, Indonesia. The results of the study reveal that for efficient use, the number of chainsaws for felling trees was dependent on production target. The number of chainsaws used in the company’s operations was found to be more than what would be considered optimal. This inefficiency suggests unnecessary costs were being incurred.Keywords: chainsaw, Indonesia, peat swamp forest

73. Suhartana, S., Yuniawati & Rahmat. (2007). Penggunaan jumlah chainsaw yg tepat dan efisien pada penebangan: studi kasus di satu perusahaan hutan di Kaltim (The use of optimum number of chainsaw required on felling : A case study at a forest company in East Kalimantan) . Rimba Kalimantan 12(1): 62-66, Juni 2007. Fahutan, Universitas Mulawarman. Samarinda.

ABSTRACTThe use of chainsaw for felling industrial plantation forest has been done significantly cause of

its adventages. However, the information about the number of chainsaw required for efficient and effective forest condition has not been known. The information is important for determining the optimum works of chainsaw.This paper presents the description about the optimum number of chainsaw required for felling.The result of the study revealed that the efficient use of the number of chainsaw for felling was depended on production target, i.e. 5 unit chainsaws. The number of chainsaw which operational in this company was more than its required, it indicated that felling operation at this company was not yet efficient and effective.Keywords: Number of chainsaw, production target, realization, maximum AAC, efficiency

74. Jaya,A., U.J.Siregar, H.Daryono & S. Suhartana. (2007). Biomasa hutan rawa gambut tropika pada berbagai kondisi penutupan lahan (Biomass content of tropical peat swamp forest under various land cover conditions). Jurnal Penelitian Hutan & Konservasi Alam 4(4):341-352. Pusat Litbang Hutan dan Konservasi Alam. Bogor.

ABSTRACTTropical peatlands provides very important functions that are vitally linked to conservation issues,

especially carbon storage and sequestration, which influence global climate change. These peatlands, however, are also subject to various land use pressures including active forestry development, agricultural drainage, energy and horticultural uses. Research on peat swamp forest biomass and biodiversity has been carried out within several land cover types, namely good relatively peat swamp forest, logged over area, and ex-fire area. Destructive methods were employed within 10 x 10 m2 plots established within study area with 3 replications. Samples of each organ such as trunk, branch, twigs and leaves were taken for water content analysis. The results show that there is a significant difference in above ground biomass between the good relatively peat swamp forest, logged over area and ex-fire area. The average amount of above ground biomass was between 400 and 900 tonnes/ha for natural peat swamp forest, from 240 to 400 tonnes/ha for logged over area, from 210 to 460 tonnes/ha for an ex-fire 1997 area and between 15 and 21 tonnes/ha for area twice affected by fire. Keywords: peat swamp forest, logged over area, ex-fire, and biomass.

75. Suhartana, S., Yuniawati & Rahmat. (2007). Teknik pemanenan kayu di hutan rakyat (Harvesting technique in social forest). Prosiding Seminar Nasional MAPEKI X, tanggal 9-11 Agustus 2007 di Pontianak. Hlm. 722-729. Kerjasama MAPEKI & Jurusan THH Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Tanjungpura. Pontianak.

ABSTRACTThe appropriate timber harvesting techniques in social forestry have not established yet. In fact,

the harvesting technique in forest plantation may be applied for harvesting of social forest due to similar condition of forest environment between social forest and forest plantation, i.e. tree species with small diameter and without buttress. Applying the appropriate technique might significantly increase their log production. As felling is an early step of harvesting, the possible lowest cutting practice has to be used to increase the efficiency of timber utilization, and decrease production cost. The lowest cutting practice may still be applied although the chainsaw is usually used for felling activity in social forest. The efficiency of

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harvesting technique can also be maintained by applying traditional skidding activity with animal power like cow or buffalo. On the other hand, transportation and loading-unloading practice may use small truck of 4 tons capacity.Key words : Increasing log production, timber harvesting, social forest.

76. Yuniawati & S. Suhartana. (2007). Kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja (K3) pada kegiatan penyaradan (Work healthy and safety on skidding). Prosiding Seminar Nasional MAPEKI X, tanggal 9-11 Agustus 2007 di Pontianak. Hlm. 730-736. Kerjasama MAPEKI & Jurusan THH Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Tanjungpura. Pontianak.

ABSTRACTSkidding is an activity manually or mechanically to flow the log from inside of forest to outside.

In swamp condition, skidding usually use manual technique. In dry area, skidding use the mechanic technique, usually using the tractor. Due to the heavy loads in a long day works, the operator of tractor and the labor usually have the same risks in health. The operator usually will work in outside of standard of procedure and the labor in manual technique will have the high tension of pulse heart. It makes the energy lesser and fatigue. Under the unhealthy condition they work ineffectively. To reduce the bad impact of health and to eliminate the accident because of fatigue in skidding work, there are some requirements must be fulfilled, i.e.: 1) enough supplying nutrition is necessary; 2) enough in resting time; 3) training for the operator of tractor; 4) completing the work equipments; 5) enough supplying water is needed; and 6) providing the medicines.Key words: Skidding, work load, work healthy and safety.

77. Yuniawati & S. Suhartana. (2007). Pemanenan kayu ramah lingkungan di hutan tanaman industri (Reduced impact logging in timber estate). Prosiding Seminar Nasional MAPEKI X, tanggal 9-11 Agustus 2007 di Pontianak. Hlm. 737-745. Kerjasama MAPEKI & Jurusan THH Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Tanjungpura. Pontianak.

ABSTRACTUtilizing heavy tools of logging and lack of an appropriate planning system in timber harvesting

are major factors contributing for forest damage in timber estate utilization. Applying RIL system may reduce the impact of the forest harvesting. It requires well managed logging technique with establishing planning system in forest harvesting. The harvesting system can be carried out by applying lowest possible felling technique that can decrease the waste volume and also increase log production. Other activities contributing to forest damages, such as skidding and log transportation, should be avoided. These can be achieved by developing well planning of skidding road and using an appropriate technique for log transportation. Using small-medium truck may reduce the forest damage, especially erosion. Although loading and unloading has no significant effect on forest damage, too high log pile is insecurely managed. Using too high log pile may lead to log felt down so it may reduce the quality of log.Key words: Forest damage, reduced impact logging, planning

Artikel 2008 ( 9 buah)78. Suhartana, S. dan Yuniawati. (2008). Efisiensi pemanfatan kayu mangium pada berbagai teknik

penebangan, sikap tubuh dan kelerengan lapangan: Studi kasus di satu perusahaan hutan di KalSel (Utilization efficiency of mangium on several felling techniques, feller postures and slopes: A case study at a forest company in South Kalimantan).Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan 26(1):41-56. Pusat Litbang Hasil Hutan. Bogor. ISSN 0216-4329. Terakreditasi No. 09/Akred-LIPI/P2MBI/9/2006. pep_p3hh@yahoo.com. 16 hlm. II.A.6.

ABSTRACTThe appropriate felling technique by paying attention to feller postures and slopes condition

potentially can produce high productivity and timber utilization efficiency/TUE also decreasing production cost. This study was carried out on June 2007 in one forest company in South Kalimantan. The aim of the study is to find out the effects of slopes (≤ 15% and > 15%), feller postures (squatted, bowed, and stand), and felling techniques (conventional/CLT and lowest possible felling techniques/LPFT) to increasing TUE of mangium. To recommend a better technique, the two felling techniques have been compared based on productivity, efficiency and production cost by using split plot factorial 2x2x3. The results showed: (1 ) Implementing LPFT on slopes of ≤ 15% and >15% with squatted and bowed can increase TUE about 14.5% equal to Rp 5,140,642,080/year/company with production realization of 633,084 m3/year ;

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decreasing stump height around 2.6 cm; The lowest stump height is 10.1 cm; and (2) implementing CLT with bowed on slope of ≤ 15% is better than LPFT based on productivity and production cost. Based on point 1, this is a chance for a forest company to apply the LPFT.Keywords: Timber utility efficiency, productivity, production cost, lowest possible felling technique.

79. Yuniawati dan S. Suhartana. (2008). Dampak pemanenan kayu terhadap kondisi kandungan karbon di hutan lahan kering. Buletin Hasil Hutan 14(1):17-22. Pusat Litbang Hasil Hutan. Bogor. ISSN 1979-6080. Terakreditasi No. 77/Akred-LIPI/P2MBI/5/2007. pep_p3hh@yahoo.com. 6 hlm. II.A.6.

ABSTRACTAlong with the increasing of wood harvest which has wood harvesting have been taken without

paying attention to the continuity aspect of forest where many damages especially impact to soil, hydrology, vegetation, wild animal and its habitat. Also the lack of growing stock amounts and the open of area of forest. The damage hardly having an effect on to carbon amounts which can be kept . This article aims to give information about carbon content potency before and after existence of wood harvesting. Result of research indicates that wood harvesting reduce minimum number of carbon stock on the top soil of 50%. While for Asian Tropical Forest its degradation between 22-67%.Keywords : Carbon content, wood harvesting, dry land.

80. Suhartana, S., M.M. Idris dan Yuniawati. (2008). Evaluasi kesesuaian kebutuhan jumlah chainsaw pada penebangan kayu mangium. Buletin Hasil Hutan 14(1):23-32. Pusat Litbang Hasil Hutan. Bogor. ISSN 1979-6080. Terakreditasi No. 77/Akred-LIPI/P2MBI/5/2007. pep_p3hh@yahoo.com. 10 hlm. II.A.6.

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to find out a suitable number of chainsaw used for the felling of

mangium (Acacia mangium) wood as analyzed based on annual allowable cut (AAC), production target, and production realization. Results revealed that suitable number of chainsaw depended on production target by the company, i.e 41 unit chainsaws. The actual number of chainsaws operation in the field was greater than should be based on maximum AAC, production target, and production realization with inefficiency levels consecutively 6.2%; 68.3%; and 91.7%. This indicated that the number of chainsaw operated the company was not well planned.Keywords: The felling of mangium wood/logs, number of chainsaw, suitability evaluation, log production.

81. Suhartana, S dan Yuniawati. (2008). Penggunaan Peralatan Pemanenan Kayu yang Efisien pada Perusahaan Hutan Tanaman di Kalimantan Selatan (The Use of Efficient Logging Equipment at a Timber Estate Company in South Kalimantan). Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan 26(3):243-252. Pusat litbang Hasil Hutan. Bogor. ISSN 0216-4329. Terakreditasi No. 09/Akred-LIPI/P2MBI/9/2006. pep_p3hh@yahoo.com. 10 hlm. II.A.6.

ABSTRACTThis article looked into the use of possible efficient logging equipment , which was further

analyzed referring to maximum annual allowable cut (AAC), planned log production, and realized log production. The result revealed that: (1) The use of efficient logging equipment would have worked out based on well-planned log production, which required consecutively 10 chainsaw units for log felling, 20 forwarder units for log skidding, 19 excavator units for log loading/unloading, and 61 trucks for log transportation; (2) The number of equipments in the field for log felling was in excess, while those for skidding, loading/unloading, and transportation were lacking. This situation indicates that the use of logging equipment in this company was not well organized or balanced with respect to their number for particular operation types, and, therefore, was inefficient. Keywords: Logging equipment, efficient, well-planned log production, annual allowable cut, realized log

production.

82. Suhartana, S dan Yuniawati. (2008). Produktivitas pengangkutan kayu dengan truk dan tugboat di hutan rawa gambut: Kasus di satu perusahaan hutan di Jambi. Jurnal Hutan Tropis Borneo (24):125-132. Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat. Banjarbaru. ISSN 1412-4645. Hutan_tropis@yahoo.co.id. II.A.6. 8 hlm

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ABSTRACTLog transportation in peat swamp forest estate could be carried out by pontoon that is pulled by a

tugboat passing channel and by trucks passing land road. This study was carried out in June 2008 in PT Wirakarya Sakti, Jambi. The aim of the study is to find out the productivity and transportation cost by tugboat and truck in peat swamp forest estate. Data were analyzed by tabulation and calculating its mean. Results revealed that : (1). The average of transportation productivity by using tugboat and truck each are 35.20 m3.km/hour and 105.44 m3.km/hour; and (2).The average of transportation cost by tugboat and by truck each are Rp 3,722.3/m3.km and Rp 2,228.6/m3.km. Keywords : Log transportation, peat swamp forest, tugboat, truck, productivity

83. Suhartana, S dan Yuniawati. (2008). Kesesuaian kebutuhan tenaga kerja pemanenan kayu: Kasus di satu perusahaan hutan di KalTim (Appropriate Number of Workers Required in Logging Activities: A Case Study at a Forest Company in East Kalimantan). Buletin Hasil Hutan 14(2):63-67. Pusat Litbang Hasil Hutan. Bogor. ISSN 1979-6080. Terakreditasi No. 77/Akred-LIPI/P2MBI/5/2007. pep_p3hh@yahoo.com. 5 hlm. II.A.6.

ABSTRACTThe workers as employed in logging activities were too many, hence they were not efficient.

These activities that comprise felling, skidding, transportation, loading, and unloading should each employ at most consecutively 5, 2, 1, 1, and 1 persons or 83.3, 40, 20, 20, and 16.7% of the available workers.Keywords: Logging workers, production target, productivity, efficient.

84. Suhartana, S & Yuniawati. (2008). Analysis of using efficient logging tools at PT. Purwa Permai in Central Kalimantan. Journal of Forestry Research 5(1):53-64. FORDA. Jakarta. ISSN 0216-0919. www.forda-mof.org. 12 hlm. II.A.6.

ABSTRACTThe aim of the study was to find out an efficient number of tools used for logging in a timber

estate. The analysis was based on the target and realization of the company’s log production. The result revealed that: (1) Optimum number of logging tools depended on production target, i.e. : 41 units of chainsaws for felling, 42 units of farm tractors for skidding, 9 units of loaders for loading and unloading, and 36 units of trucks for transportation; (2) Number of logging tools as obtained from all activities in the field was fewer than that from the analysis based on production target and realization. This condition indicated that number of logging tools used in the company was not yet efficient.Keywords: High log demand, production target and realization, number of logging tools.

85. Yuniawati & S. Suhartana. (2008). Pemanenan kayu dan keseimbangan unsure hara tanah (Logging and balance of soil nutrient elemen). Prosiding Seminar Nasional MAPEKI XI, tanggal 8-10 Agustus 2008 di Palangkaraya. Hlm. 957-965. Kerjasama MAPEKI & Jurusan THH Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Palangkaraya. Palangkaraya. ISSN 1978-4562. www.mapeki.org. II.A.8. 9 hlm.

ABSTRACT. Forest land changes to exposed ground caused by logging leads to land quality degradation which increases erosion rate. It caused by the decreasing of land covered that is protecting soil from direct waterfall. It causes soil nutrient balance is loosing. Further, the tree growth for increasing log production is lost. The article aims to find out soil nutrient balance after logging. Research revealed that the effect of logging on forest damage I.e. erosion, soil damage, vegetation damage and ground exposure caused nutrient element was loose about: ( 1) 46.05 kgs N/ha and 17.62 kgs P/ha and mostly loses with sediment; ( 2) Losing Ca nutrient element 15 times, NO3-N, 5 times bigger than other open forest that is not caused by logging; and ( 3) Nutrient lost caused by logging of Red Meranti, Jelutong and Mersawa with TPTI system, each are: N= 43.126 tonnes/year, P = 2.355 tonnes/year, K = 6.6787 tonnes/year, Calcium = 0.406 tonnes/year and Mg = 0.958 tonnes/year.Keywords : Logging, soil damage, erosion, element of nutrient

86.Suhartana, S. & Yuniawati . (2008). Pemanenan kayu di hutan rawa gambut. Prosiding Seminar Nasional MAPEKI XI, tanggal 8-10 Agustus 2008 di Palangkaraya. Hlm. 966-972. Kerjasama MAPEKI & Jurusan THH Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Palangkaraya. Palangkaraya. ISSN 1978-4562. www.mapeki.org. II.A.8. 7 hlm.

ABSTRACT. Peat swamp forest is a potential log producer, so it is required much attention on wood harvesting, especially for equipment choosing, in order to prevent the damage on peat ecosystem and the

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peat itself. Peat swamp forest has fragile physical condition and is always having wet soil.The increasing of log demand causes more needs of raw material supply and it leads to the logging activity either in dry land and in peat swamp area. This article aims to find out the productivity of logging equipment in peat swamp forest in order to reach a high log production.Research revealed that : (1) The condition of peat swamp forest has most wood with small diameter and not too hard, hence the chainsaw with 1.5 HP in power and 38 lbs in weght is correctly applied; (2) Manual skidding using “kuda-kuda” system is mostly applied, where the log is put on a wooden tool called “ongkak” then it is manually pulled. The productivity is 5.764 m3/hour with skidding distance of 176.166 m and log volume about 0.982 m3 per trip, by a team consists of 6-8 people; (3) Transporting using lorries pulled by loco has productivity 4.26 m3/hour with hauling distance of 16.37 km and log volume about 42.63 m3 .Keywords : Peat swamp forest, logging tools, productivity.

Artikel 2009 ( 6 buah)87. Suhartana, S & Yuniawati. (2009). Peningkatan efisiensi pemanfaatan kayu gmelina melalui

penerapan teknik penebangan dan sikap tubuh pada dua kelerengan di PT. Purwa Permai, Kalteng (Increasing of timber utilization efficiency of gmelina wood by implementing felling techniques and feller postures on two slopes at PT. Purwa Permai, Central Kalimantan). Jurnal Hutan Tropis Borneo 25:1-13. Fahutan. UNLAM. Banjarbaru. ISSN 1412-4645. hutan_tropis@yahoo.co.id . 13 hlm. II.A.6

ABSTRACTEfficiency and effectively of felling techniques and feller postures on a certain slopes can ascertain

a whole timber utilization efficiency. This study was carried out on July 2007 in Central Kalimantan. The aim of the study is to find out the effects of slopes (≤ 15% and > 15%), feller postures (squatted, bowed, and stand), and felling techniques (conventional/CLT and lowest possible felling techniques/LPFT) to increasing TUE of gmelina. To recommend a better technique, the two felling techniques have been compared based on productivity, efficiency and production cost by using split plot factorial 2x2x3.The results showed that implementing LPFT can increase TUE about 16.7% equal Rp 1,472,263,200/year and leaved a lowest stump height around 10.2 cm. Keywords: Slopes, felling techniques, feller postures, increasing, log utilization

88. Suhartana, S. & Yuniawati. (2009). Produktivitas penebangan, efisiensi pemanfaatan dan biaya penebangan Acacia crassicarpa A. Cunn.ex Benth di hutan tanaman rawa gambut: Kasus di satu perusahaan hutan di Jambi. Buletin Hasil Hutan 15(1): 31-37. Pusat Litbang Hasil Hutan. Bogor. ISSN 1979-6080. Terakreditasi No. 77/Akred-LIPI/P2MBI/5/2007. Pep_p3hh@yahoo.com. 7 hlm. II.A.6ABSTRACT.

The aim of the study is to find out felling productivity, timber utilization efficiency (TUE) and felling cost of Acacia crassicarpa A. Cunn. ex Benth. Result revealed that the average of felling productivity, TUE and felling cost of Acacia crassicarpa A. Cunn. ex Benth each are: 5.097 m3/hours, 95.0%, and Rp 8,927.1/m3.Keywords : Peat swamp forest, felling technique, productivity, cost, efficiency

89. Suhartana, S., Yuniawati & Sukanda. (2009). Pengangkutan kayu melalui kanal di hutan rawa gambut: Kasus di satu perusahaan hutan di Riau (Log Transportation through Channel in Peat Swamp Forest : A Case Study in One Forest Company in Riau). Jurnal Wahana Foresta 2(2):34-41. Fahutan. UNILAK. Pekanbaru. ISSN 1858-4209. 8 hlm. II.A.6. jurnal_foresta@yahoo.com .

ABSTRACTLog transportation in peat swamp forest through channel is using pontoon pulled by tugboat. That

activity required more pay attention, especially in keeping log is safety in order to keep it from falling down to the channel and decrease the log quality. The study was carried out in May 2008 in PT Arara Abadi, Riau. The aim of the study is to find out the productivity and transportation cost by channel using pontoon that is pulled by tugboat. Data were analyzed by tabulation and calculating its mean. Results revealed that: (1) The average of transportation productivity by pontoon that is pulled by tugboat around 596,06 m3.km/hour; and (2) The average of transportation cost was about Rp 858,6/m3.km.Keywords: Productivity, transportation, channel, tugboat, pontoon.

90. Suhartana, S., Yuniawati & Rahmat. (2009). Efisiensi kebutuhan peralatan pemanenan di HTI, di KalBar (The efficient logging tools required at a timber estate in West Kalimantan). Jurnal Hutan

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Tropis Borneo 26:119-127. Fahutan. UNLAM. Banjarbaru. ISSN 1412-4645. hutan_tropis@yahoo.co.id. 9 hlm. II.A.6

ABSTRACT Study was carried out at PT. Finnantara Intiga, in West Kalimantan in 2007. This paper presents the use of efficient logging tools which analyzed based on maximum AAC, production target, and production realization .The result shows that: (1) The use of efficient tool depends on production target, i.e.44 unit of chainsaw for felling, 7 unit of forwarders for skidding, 8 unit of excavators for loading , 85 unit of trucks for transportation, and 4 unit of wheel loaders for unloading; (2) The use of logging tools in field for felling is more than analyzes result, however for skidding, loading, unloading and transportation are less than analyzes result based on maximum AAC, production target and production realization. This condition indicated that the use of logging tools in this company is not efficient. Keywords: Number of tools, logging , efficient, production target.

91. Suhartana,S., Yuniawati & Rahmat. (2009). Comparison between reduced impact logging and conventional logging in peat swamp forest in Indonesia. Sepilok Bulletin 10:35-43. Sabah Forestry Department, Sandakan. Sabah. Malaysia. frcsabah@sabah.gov.my. ISSN 1823-0067. 9 hlm. II.A.5.

ABSTRACTTaking into account the functions, services and benefits of the tropical swamp forest ecosystem,

this ecologically unique wetland, if well-managed, may contribute to the economic development of tropical developing countries such as Indonesia. Reducing forest damage during harvesting and using efficient harvesting techniques can actually provide more productive harvests. The aim of this study is to compare the impact of implementing reduced impact logging technique (RIL) and conventional logging technique (CLT) in terms of residual stand damage, ground exposure and logging/harvesting cost aspects. Measurements were made on damages, productivity rates, and productivity costs. The results show that RIL practice gives low forest damage impact, higher productivity, and low production cost. At present, CLT is more commonly practiced. It is recommended that forest concession holders practice RIL for timber harvesting to sustain forest productivity. Further measures should be aimed towards promoting RIL at the operational level.Keywords: conventional logging, ground exposure, productivity, reduced impact logging, tree damage

92. Suhartana, S., Sukanda & Yuniawati.(2009). Produktivitas dan biaya penyaradan kayu di hutan tanaman rawa gambut: Studi kasus di salah satu perusahaan hutan di Riau (Productivity and Cost of Log Skidding in Peat Swamp Forest Estate: A Case Study at a Forest Company in Riau) . Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan 27(4):369-380. Pusat Litbang Hasil Hutan. Bogor. ISSN 0216-4329 terakreditasi A No. 179/AU1/P2MBI/08/2009. 12 hlm. II.A.6

ABSTRACTSkidding in peat swamp forest estate is different from skidding in dry land. Skidding method used

were: manual, semi mechanized peat boat, full mechanized peat boat pulled by excavator. A study was carried out in PT Arara Abadi, Riau in May 2008. The aim of the study was to find out the productivity and cost of skidding in peat swamp forest estate. Data were analyzed by tabulation. Result revealed that: (1) Skidding method in this company is carried out in dry peat swamp and wet peat swamp by three systems, namely manual (human power), semi mechanized peat boat, and full mechanized peat boat; (2) The average of skidding productivity by full mechanized and semi mechanized are higher than manual, each are 27.79 m3.hm/hour and 25.61 m3.hm/hour due to higher volume of log skidded ; (3) The average skidding cost of the semi mechanized (Rp 18,190.5/m3.hm) and full mechanized systems (Rp 15,926.5-/m3.hm), are both higher than the manual system (Rp1,203,8/m3.hm) because the first two systems are using high cost excavator.Keywords: Skidding, peat swamp forest estate, productivity, cost. Artikel 2010 ( 7 buah) 93. Yuniawati, S. Suhartana & Rahmat. (2010). Pemanasan global akibat pemanenan kayu. Prosiding

SemNas MAPEKI XII, tanggal 23-25 Juli 2009 di Bandung. Hlm. 1049-1054. MAPEKI. Bogor. ISBN:978-979-96348-9-4. www.mapeki.org . 6 hlm. II.A.8.

ABSTRACT.

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Logging activities could cause forest damaged that may contribute to global warming. The damaged includes damaging of vegetation structure (tree, pole, sapling, and seedling), ground exposure of soil, and in turn may contribute to the change of micro-climate. This condition may cause decreasing absorption of the green house gas (GHG) concentration. Furthermore, the number of GHG emission that release to the air could be more. The forest damaged caused by lack of forest exploitation plan, using low skill of workers, and insufficient of using reduced impact logging (RIL) technique. This situation could disturb forest ecological equilibrium. This paper aims to find out the forest damaged factors on logging that influencing global warming, and identify the efforts that can solve the problem.Keywords : Logging, global warming, forest damaged, green house gas emission

94. Suhartana, S. & Yuniawati. (2010). The effect of logging on peat land conditions: A case study at a peat swamp forest company in Riau. Proceedings The first International Symposium of Indonesian Wood Research Society date 2nd-3rd November 2009 in Bogor. Pp. 300-306. Indonesian Wood Research Society. Bogor. ISBN: 978-979-96348-6-3. 7 hlm. www.mapeki.org . II.A.7

ABSTRACT.Logging operation in peat swamp forest may contribute to negative impact on peat land, i.e. bulk

density (BD), moisture content (MC), subsidence, water fluctuation, and green house gas (GHG) release. The efficient, effective, and environmental friendly logging technique should be implemented to reduce those negative impacts. A study was carried out in PT Arara Abadi, Riau from May 2008 to April 2009. The aim of the study was to find out the effects of logging on peat land conditions. Data collected were subsidence, water fluctuation, and a peat sample for analyzing the content of CO2 and CH4 in laboratorium. Data presented in the form of tabulation by calculating the mean values. The results showed that: (1) logging activities in this area could reduce peat BD and became subsidence; (2) the average of subsidence was 4.72 cm/year simillar to 23.75 cm/5 years. This value was smaller than the number mentioned in PP No. 150/2000 about standard criteria of soil damage for biomass production (35 cm/5 years for peat depth of ≥ 3m or 10%/5 years for peat depth < 3m); (3) the average of water table and water level each are 63.77 cm and 63.84 cm respectively. The reduction of land cover caused by logging was able to increase the effective rainfall; (4) the average of CO2 and CH4 released before logging were 0.9595 tone/ha/year (CO2), 0.6263 tone/ha/year (CH4) , and after logging about 0.7982 tone/ha/year (CO2), 0.1243 tone/ha/year (CH4). Keywords. Negative impact, peat swamp forest, logging.

95. Suhartana, S., Yuniawati & Rahmat. (2010). Log skidding by mechanized peat-boat system in a peat swamp forest in Indonesia: A study on productivity and cost. Sepilok Bulletin 12:47-55. Sabah Forestry Department, Sandakan, Sabah. Malaysia. ISSN 1823-0067. fresabah@sabah.gov.my II.A.5. 9 hlm.

Abstract. A study was carried out in PT Wirakarya Sakti, Jambi, Sumatra, Indonesia in June 2008 on log

skidding by mechanized peat-boat (MPB) system. The aim of the study was to look into the productivity and skidding cost using MPB in peat swamp forest. Results obtained show that the skidding productivity in average was 26.05 m3.hm/hour, and the skidding cost was Rp17,861.2/m3.hm. Skidding was made difficult by the higher stand density.Keywords: cost, excavator, mechanized peat-boat, peat swamp forest, productivity, skidding, stand density

96. Yuniawati & S. Suhartana. (2010). Dampak pemanenan kayu terhadap peningkatan emisi GRK di hutan rawa gambut. Prosiding SemNas MAPEKI XII, tanggal 23-25 Juli 2009 di Bandung. Hlm. 1055-1061. MAPEKI. Bogor. ISBN:978-979-96348-9-4. II.A.8. 7 hlm. www.mapeki.org

ABSTRACT Logging activity in peat swamp forest in Indonesia tends give a higher priority to financial profit

than ecological benefit. The direct economic orientation on peat-swamp forest logging may generate unsuitable logging tool used, unsuitable implementation of reduced impact logging (RIL) technique. A peat-land is a sensitive and fragile forest, which at the forest damaged could increase green house gas (GHG) emission. This paper aims to find out the factors that influencing to increase GHG emission due to logging in peat swamp forest and to find out the efforts that can solve forest degradation.

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Keywords : Green house gas emission, logging, peat-swamp forest.

97. Suhartana, S., Yuniawati & Sukanda. (2010). Produktivitas dan biaya pembuatan kanal di satu perusahaan hutan tanaman rawa gambut di Riau. Buletin HH 16(2):131-139. Puslitbang Keteknikan Kehutanan & Pengolahan HH. ISSN 1979-6080. Terakreditasi No. 77/Akred-LIPI/P2MBI/5/2007. Pep-p3hh@yahoo.com. II.A.6. 9 hlm

ABSTRAK Secara umum kanal di hutan tanaman rawa gambut berfungsi sebagai sarana transportasi,

pengendali permukaan air dan batas petak. Jenis kanal terdiri atas kanal primer, sekunder, tersier dan kolektor yang masing-masing memiliki ukuran dan fungsi berbeda sehingga dalam pembuatannya perlu dipertimbangkan hal tersebut. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei 2008 di PT Arara Abadi, Riau. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendapatkan data tentang produktivitas dan biaya pembuatan kanal di hutan tanaman rawa gambut. Data dianalisis dengan tabulasi dengan menghitung nilai rata-ratanya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata produktivitas dan biaya pembuatan kanal primer adalah 6,25 m/jam dan Rp 67.566,96/m, kanal sekunder 12,5 m/jam dan Rp 33.783,40/m, kanal tersier 400 m/jam dan Rp 1.055,73/m, dan kanal kolektor 200 m/jam dan Rp 2.111,47/mKata kunci: Pembuatan kanal, hutan tanaman rawa gambut, jenis kanal, produktivitas, biaya

98. Suhartana, S. & Yuniawati. (2010). Studi komparasi aplikasi penebangan ramah lingkungan di Riau dan Jambi. Jurnal PHH 28(2):119-129. P3HH. Bogor. Hasil Penelitian. . ISSN 0216-4329. Terakreditasi A. No. 179/AU1/P2MBI/8/2009. Pep-p3hh@yahoo.com. 11 hlm. II.A.6

ABSTRACTThe technique of reduced impact logging is considered to increase felling productivity and

decrease production cost. Study was carried out on 2009 in two forest companies in Riau and Jambi. The aims of the study are to find out the effect of RIL implementation on productivity, production cost and timber utilization efficiency (TUE). Observations made on were log volume, felling time and operational cost of RIL in comparison with those of the local techniques. Rreplication consisted of 15 trees for each technique. Data were then analyzed using t-test procedure. Study results showed that implementation of RIL technique in peat swamp forest plantation could: (1) increase productivity about 0.328 m 3/hour (Riau) and 0.982 m3/hour (Jambi); (2) decrease production cost approximately Rp1,767.1/ m3 (Jambi) and Rp 518.6 / m3 (Riau); (3) increase TUE about 7.9% similar to Rp 25,438,000,000/year (Jambi) and 5.6% similar to Rp 15,680,000,000/year (Riau). The above characteristics clearly indicated that the RIL application in Jambi is beter than that in Riau. Keywords: Peat swamp forest plantation, felling, RIL, productivity

99. Suhartana, S. , Yuniawati & Rahmat. (2010). Produktivitas dan biaya muat-bongkar dan pengangkutan: Kasus di satu perusahaan hutan di Jambi (The productivity and cost of loading-unloading and hauling: A case study in a forest company in Jambi). Prosiding Seminar Nasional MAPEKI XIII, tanggal 10-11 Nopember 2010 di Sanur, Bali. Hlm.856-862. MAPEKI. Bogor. www.mapeki.org . ISBN:978-979-96348-7-0. II.A.7. 7 hlm.

ABSTRACTMechanization of tools used in logging is aimed to reach high productivity and to solve the lack of

workers on logging operation in wide forest area. Loading, unloading and hauling are the logging activities which generally operate excavator and truck. The research objective is to find out the effect of proper and local extraction techniques on productivity and cost. The study carried out in May 2010 in PT Wirakarya Sakti, Jambi Province. The data will be collected from field trials, and questioner then will be analyzed by tabulation. To recommend log extraction technique used, both two log extraction techniques were analyzed by using t-test. Study results showed that: (1) The average of loading-unloading and hauling productivity for each techniques (proper technique/PT, local technique/LT) were 93.364 m3.m/hour and 91.181 m3.m/hour, 104.696 m3.m/hour and 101.903 m3.m/hour, 5.998 m3.km/hour and 5.462 m3.km/hour respectively; and (2) The average of loading-unloading and hauling cost for each techniques (PT, LT) were Rp 4,469.2/m3.m and Rp 4,575.1/m3.m, Rp 3,916.5/m3.m and Rp 4,023.5/m3.m, Rp 47,823.5/m3.km and Rp 52,535.1/m3.km.Keywords: Loading, unloading, hauling, productivity, proper

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Artikel 2011 ( 5 buah)100. Suhartana, S. , Yuniawati & Rahmat. (2011). Produktivitas dan biaya muat-bongkar dan

pengangkutan kayu Jati di KPH Cianjur (The productivity and cost of loading-unloading and hauling of teak wood in Cianjur Forest District). Jurnal Wahana Foresta, 4(1), 37-44. Pekanbaru: Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Lancang Kuning. Penulis ke 1 dari 3, 8 hlm. ISSN 1892-8338. II.A.6 jurnal_foresta@yahoo.com

. ABSTRACTWood is a big and heavy thing. So, it is required efficient and effective log extraction technique.

Loading, unloading and hauling activities in Cianjur Forest District used manual system by man power. The study was carried out in Cianjur Forest District, Perum Perhutani Unit III, West Java in October 2010. The aim of the study is to find out the productivity and cost of hauling, loading and unloading that used manual system by controlled technique and conventional technique. Study stages were took field data and interview then analyzed by tabulation.Study result showed that: (1) The average of loading, unloading and hauling productivity by controlled technique and conventional technique each were 3.103 m3/hour and 2.920 m3/hour, 4.859 m3/hour and 4.470 m3/hour, and 47.573 m3/hour/km and 46.338 m3/hour/km respectively; (2) The average of loading, unloading and hauling cost by controlled technique and conventional technique each were Rp 12,902.4/m3, and Rp 13,706.8/m3, Rp 8,233.4/m3, and Rp 8,953.4/m3, and Rp 3,125.7/m3/km and Rp 3,209.3/m3/km; and (3) Loading, unloading and hauling activities by implemented controlled technique could increased productivity and decresed production cost. Keywords: hauling, cost, unloading, manual, loading, productivity

101. Suhartana, S. & Yuniawati. (2011). Tingkat pemahaman keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja pada kegiatan pemanenan kayu Jati di KPH Cianjur ((Knowledgeability of Working Health And Safety on Teak Logging In Cianjur Forest District). Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan, 29(1), 46-56. Bogor: Pusat Litbang Keteknikan Kehutanan dan Pengolahan Hasil Hutan. Penulis ke 1 dari 2, 11 hlm. Terakreditasi A. No: 179/AU1/P2MBI/8/2009. II.A.6 ISSN 0216-4329. www.pustekolah.org

ABSTRACTLogging activity has high risk on working accident. A difficult forest area condition, unbalanced

between tools used with field condition and workers ability could affect working accident. The study was carried out at Cianjur Forest District, Perum Perhutani Unit III, West Java in October 2010. The aim of the study is to find out logging workers knowledge about working health and safety (WHS) in Cianjur Forest District. Study was accomplished through interview on a number of workers. Data were analyzed in accord with Likert scale. Study results showed that the average of logging workers understanding about WHS (in this study) has a “good” score. Workers knowledges to WHS were not yet supported with sufficient working clothes, hauling road and trucks condition by the company. Knowledges to WHS should be implemented to the workers as well as to the company. Key words: Working accident, logging of teak, WHS.

102. Suhartana, S., M.M. Idris, & Yuniawati. (2011). Penyaradan kayu sesuai standar prosedur operasional untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan meminimalkan biaya produksi dan penggeseran lapisan tanah atas: kasus di satu perusahaan hutan di Jambi (Log skidding conform with standard operating procedure to increase productivity and minimize production cost and top soil displacement: A case study in a forest company in Jambi). Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan, 29(3), 248-258. Bogor: Pusat Litbang Keteknikan Kehutanan dan Pengolahan Hasil Hutan. Terakreditasi A. Penulis ke 1 dari 3, 11 hlm. II.A.6 ISSN 0216-4329. www.pustekolah.org

ABSTRACTHeavy duty used in skidding could affect soil damage, i.e. top soil displacement or top soil loss.

Top soil loss means decreasing forest soil fertility then could decrease forest productivity. The effective and efficient skidding technique could increase productivity and decrease skidding cost and top soil displacement. The study carried out in May 2010 in PT Wirakarya Sakti, Jambi Province. The aim of the study was to find out the effect of implemented proper and conventional skidding techniques to productivity, skidding cost and top soil displacement. The data will be collected from field trials, and questioner then will be analyzed by tabulation. To recommend log skidding technique used, both two log skidding techniques were analyzed by using t-test.

Study results showed that: 1. The average of skidding productivity for each techniques( proper technique/PT, conventional technique/CT) were 38.941 m3.hm/hour and 33.779 m3.hm/hour respectively; 2.

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The average of skidding cost by PT was about Rp 9,076.3/m3.hm, meanwhile by CT was about Rp 10,395.5/ m3.hm; and 3. Implementation of PT with matting line could decrease depth of top soil displacement from 8.9 mm (2.76%) to 1.4 mm (0.42%). Keywords: Skidding, productivity, top soil displacement, production cost.

103. Suhartana, S., Yuniawati, & Rahmat. (2011). Peningkatan produktivitas dan efisiensi pemanfaatan kayu jati(Tectona grandis Linn.f) melalui penerapan teknik penebangan tepat guna: kasus di KPH Cianjur, Perum Perhutani Unit III Jawa Barat. Buletin Puslitbang Perhutani, 14(2), 1017-1024. Cepu: Puslitbang Perum Perhutani. ISSN: 1411-2175. Penulis ke 1 dari 3, 8 hlm. II.A.6. ISSN 1411-2175E. www.puslitbangsdh.perumperhutani.com

ABSTRAKKegiatan penebangan Jati bertujuan untuk menperoleh kayu dengan jumlah yang cukup dan

kualitas yang memenuhi persyaratan. Dengan demikian dari kegiatan penebangan tersebut kualitas hasil tebangan sangat mempegaruhi harga jual kayu Jati. Sehingga dibutuhkan informasi produktivitas, efisiensi pemanfaatan kayu dan biaya produksi. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tahun 2010 di KPH Cianjur, Jawa Barat yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan teknik penebangan tepat guna (TG) terhadap produktivitas, biaya produksi dan efisiensi pemanfaatan kayu. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa volume kayu, waktu tebang dan biaya yang dikeluarkan dari teknik penebangan TG dan teknik setempat (TS) dengan ulangan masing-masing 15 pohon. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji-t.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapaan teknik penebangan TG dapat: (1) meningkatkan produktivitas sebesar 0,576 m3/jam; (2) menekan biaya produksi sebesar Rp 905,2/m3; (3) meningkatkan efisiensi pemanfaatan kayu sebesar 10,6% yang setara dengan Rp 678.421.284,8/tahun; dan (4) Berdasarkan aspek produktivitas dan biaya penebangan serta aspek efisiensi pemanfaatan kayu, ternyata aplikasi teknik penebangan TG layak diterapkan dengan kondisi yang sesuai kondisi areal penelitian.Kata Kunci : Jati, tepat guna, produktivitas, biaya, efisiensi.

104. Suhartana, S., & Yuniawati. (2011). Peningkatan produktivitas pemanenan kayu melalui teknik pemanenan kayu ramah lingkungan: Kasus di satu perusahaan hutan rawa gambut di Kalimantan Barat (Inceasing logging productivity through reduced impact logging technique: A case study at a peat swamp forest company in West Kalimantan). Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan, 29 (4), 369-384. Bogor: Pusat Litbang Keteknikan Kehutanan dan Pengolahan Hasil Hutan. Terakreditasi A. Penulis ke 1 dari 2, 16 hlm. II.A.6. ISSN 0216-4329. www.pustekolah.org

ABSTRACTImplementation reduced impact logging (RIL) technique in peatlands may contribute optimum and

sustainable yield. A study was carried out at concession area of Kalimantan Subur Permai Company, West Kalimantan. The area was a natural peat swamp forest set aside for the land-clearing in preparation for the establishment of industrial plantation forest, in which consisted of mixed hardwood trees. This study examined possibility of increasing productivy, decreasing logging cost, subsidence, and water fluctuation using RIL technique. Results revealed that the use of RIL in felling, skidding, loading, un-loading, and hauling at peat swamp forest could: 1. Increase productivity for each activity of consecutively 0,946 m3/hour, 2,449 m3/hour, 1,96 m3/hour, 1,871 m3/hour, and 2,158 m3/hour; 2. Decreased production cost of Rp 992,1/m3, Rp 3.088,6/m3, Rp 127,9/m3, Rp 99,7/m3, and Rp 158,6/m3consecutively; 3. Inceased timber efficiency utilization (TUE) about 6% equal to Rp 74,400,000/year; 4. Subsidence proceeded at 0.375 cm/year rate, which corresponded to 1.875 cm in five years. This figure was still lower than that stipulated in the Indonesia’s Government Decree (PP) No. 150-2000. 4. The averages of water level at logging site and canal were 61.75 cm and 52.25 cm, respectively.Keywords: RIL technique, peatlands, productivity, cost, efficiency.

Artikel 2012 ( 5 buah)105. Suhartana, S., Yuniawati dan Rahmat.( 2012). Peningkatan produktivitas, penurunan biaya dan

penggeseran lapisan tanah atas melalui penerapan teknik penyaradan terkontrol: Kasus di KPH Cianjur. Dalam Sulistyo, J, R. Widyorini, G. Lukmandaru, MN Rofii, & V E Prasetyo (Editor). Prosiding Seminar Nasional MAPEKI 14, tanggal 2 Nopember 2011 di University Club Universitas Gajah Mada, Yogyakarta. Hlm. 742-746. Bogor: MAPEKI. Penulis ke 1 dari 3. 5hlm. ISBN 978-602-1905-21-0. II.A.8. www.mapeki.org

ABSTRAK

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Kegiatan penyaradan di KPH Cianjur masih menggunakan sistem manual, karena memerlukan investasi yang rendah, dampak kerusakan hutan relatif kecil dan banyak menyerap tenaga kerja. Namun demikian penyaradan sistem tersebut menghasilkan produktivitas relatif rendah. Untuk itu perlu diterapkan teknik penyaradan yang efisien dan efektif atau terkontrol agar dicapai produktivitas yang tinggi, biaya dan kerusakan minimal. Penelitian dilaksanakan di KPH Cianjur, Perum Perhutani Unit III Jawa Barat pada bulan Oktober 2010. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan teknik penyaradn terkontrol (TT) dan teknik setempat (TS) terhadap produktivitas, biaya sarad dan penggeseran lapisan tanah atas. Tahapan penelitian dilakukan dengan pengambilan data lapangan dan wawancara yang kemudian dianalisis secara tabulasi. Untuk merekomendasikan teknik sarad yang digunakan, kedua teknik dianalisis dengan uji-t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) Rata-rata produktivitas sarad TT (3,148 m3/jam) lebih tinggi daripada TS (2,971 m3/jam) ; (2) Rata-rata biaya produksi sarad TT (Rp 15.941,9/m3) lebih rendah daripada TS ( Rp 16.842,4/m3 ); dan (3) Penerapan TT dengan pengaturan letak kayu dapat memperkecil kedalamanan penggeseran lapisan tanah atas sebesar 6,9 – 5,7 mm = 1,2 mm.Kata Kunci : Penyaradan manual, produktivitas, biaya, penggeseran lapisan tanah atas

106. Suhartana, S., Yuniawati & Han Roliadi. (2012). The effect of logging at peat swamp forest on subsidence, CO2 and CH4 emissions, and peat-water fluctuation: Case study at a peat-swamp forest area in West Kalimantan. In Osaki, M., H. Takahashi, T.Honma, et al. Proceedings of 3rd

International Workshop on Wild Fire and Carbon Management in Peat-Forest in Indonesia, date 22-24 September 2011 in Palangkaraya. Pp. 231-238. Center for Sustainability Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo University and University of Palangka Raya. 8 hlm. Penulis ke 1 dari 3. II.A.7. ISSN 2338-9532.

ABSTRACTLogging refers to an activity that can render the peat-forest area exposed to the open air. Such

exposure usually causes the peat area to sustain the maturing-process. The fast peat-maturing can bring about the decrease of peat-layer thickness (subsidence), induce CO2 and CH4 emissions, and intensify the peat-water fluctuation during the dry season as well as rain season. In relevant, a study was carried out at the area of Kalimantan Subur Permai Company, in West Kalimantan that lasted from July until October 2010. The area was virtually the site of a natural peat swamp forest set aside for the land-clearing in preparation for the establishment of industrial plantation forest/timber estate (utilization felling for land preparation) in which the species consisted of mixed hardwood trees. This study aimed to look into the effects of timber-logging on peat-land subsidence, CO2 and CH4 emissions, and peat-water fluctuation. The related data as collected comprised the land subsidence and water fluctuation. Concurrently, peat samples were taken for the analysis of CO2 and CH4 contents conducted in the laboratory using the fixed-carbon procedures. The data as obtained were tabulated, and provided with the calculated mean and standard-deviation values. Results revealed that consecutively (1) subsidence proceeded at 0.375 cm/year rate, which corresponded to 1.875 cm in five years. This figure was still lower than that stipulated in the Indonesia’s Government Decree (PP) No. 150 in 2000 regarding the standard criteria about the degraded land for biomass production (35 cm in five years for the peat depth ≥3 cm or 10% per 5 years for the peat depth <3 cm; (2) The averages of water-surface level (water table) at the felling site and water canal (water level) were 61.75 cm and 52.25 cm, respectively; and (3) the averages of CO2 and CH4 emissions as released to the air before the forest felling/logging (timber harvest) were consecutively 242,087.7 tons/ha/year (CO2) and 88,023.9 tons/ha/year (CH4), while the corresponding values after logging were 190,448.8 tons/ha/year (CO2) and 69,254.1 tons/ha/year (CH4).Keywords: Logging, peat swamp forest, CO2 and CH4 emissions, peat-water fluctuation.

107. Idris, M.M., Sukanda & S. Suhartana. (2012). Pengelolaan dan pemanenan kayu hutan rakyat di Kabupaten Ciamis. Buletin Puslitbang Perhutani 15:33-45. Puslitbang Perum Perhutani. Cepu. Penulis ke 3 dari 3. ISSN 1411-2175E. www.puslitbangsdh.perumperhutani.com II.A.6

ABSTRACTHutan rakyat di Ciamis telah berkembang menjadi salah satu sumber perekonomian masyarakat.

Hutan rakyat umumnya didominasi oleh tanaman yang mempunyai nilai pasar tinggi seperti Sengon, Suren, Mahoni, dan Jati. Produksi kayu hutan rakyat saat ini sudah dijadikan pilihan karena berpotensi

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mendukung pasokan kayu untuk industri perkayuan dan mampu menopang kebutuhan kayu lokal. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2009 di hutan rakyat Kabupaten Ciamis. Tulisan ini menyajikan produksi kayu dari hutan rakyat, kegiatan pemanenan kayu yang dilakukan di hutan rakyat serta permasalahan yang ada di hutan rakyat di Kabupaten Ciamis. Tahapan penelitian dilakukan dengan pengambilan data lapangan dan wawancara yang kemudian diolah secara tabulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hutan rakyat merupakan tabungan masyarakat dalam bentuk tegakan. Jika masyarakat mempunyai lahan rata-rata 0,25 ha, ditanami kayu sengon maka pada umur 7-8 tahun dapat menghasilkan 100 pohon berdiameter 20 - 40 cm ke atas. Berdasarkan perhitungan nilai kayu masa tebang laku dijual Rp 300.000 per pohon dengan asumsi biaya penanaman dan pemeliharaan 40% dari harga jual, maka masyarakat mempunyai tabungan berupa tegakaan sebesar Rp 18.000.000.Kata kunci ; Hutan rakyat, pemanenan, nilai tegakan.

108. Suhartana, S., Sukanda dan Yuniawati. (2012). Kajian luas petak tebang optimal di hutan tanaman rawa gambut: kasus di satu perusahaan hutan di Riau. Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan 30(2):124-134. Pusat Litbang Keteknikan Kehutanan dan Pengolahan Hasil Hutan. Bogor. Penulis ke 1 dari 3, 10 hlm. Terakreditasi A. No. 179/AU1/P2MBI/8/2009. ISSN 0216-4329. www.pustekolah.org II.A.6

ABSTRACTProductive and effective logging activities are usually concentrated at the felling site. These mean

that an ideas, felling site development at peat swamp forest plantation in determined by an optimum area. There has been limited study on optimum felling site area at peat swamp forest plantation in Indonesia. This study was carried out in June 2011 at concession area of Arara Abadi Company, Riau. This study aimed of finding out optimum felling site area at peat swamp forest plantation. Field data from some alternatives felling site area i.e. productivity and cost of skidding and canal maintenance/development were collected and processed by tabulation. Study result revealed that based on technique and cost aspects felling site of 150 m x 350 m is an optimum.Keywords: Felling site, forest plantation, peat swamp, optimum

109. Suhartana, S., Yuniawati & Rahmat. (2012). Increasing timber utilization efficiency and productivity through proper tree felling technique in Jambi, Indonesia. Sepilok Bulletin 15 & 16:27-35. Forest Research Centre, Sabah Forestry Department. Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia. Penulis ke 1 dari 3. 9 hlm. ISSN 1823-0067. fresabah@sabah.gov.my II.A.5

Abstract. Tree felling is the first step from harvesting that can derive economic value and changes of logged over area. The aim of the felling i.e. is to provide row materials to wood industry. So, the felling activities has to increase felling productivity and require low production cost, hence the optimum timber utilization efficiency (TUE) could be reached. Study was carried out at PT. Wirakarya Sakti in Jambi in May 2010. The aim of the study is to find out the effect of implemented proper felling technique (PFT) and conventional felling technique (CFT) on productivity, cost and TUE. Study stages were taking field data and interview. The data were analyzed by tabulation. To recommend felling technique used, both two felling techniques were analyzed by using t-test. Study result showed that: (1) The average of felling productivity using PFT was 11.230 m3/hour and using CFT was 10.120 m3/hour, while the average of felling cost using PFT was Rp 5,702/m3 and using CFT was Rp 6,328/m3; (2) The average of TUE using PFT was 99.6% and using CFT was 92.8%. Implementation of PFT could increase TUE as much as 6.8%. It is expected that by implementing the PFT, the company will gain more profit of Rp 17,136,000,000/year equivalent with US $ 1,883,076.9 (US $ 1 = Rp 9,100). When PFT is implemented properly in a forest company, it may increase the felling productivity and TUE, and also could decrease the felling cost.Keywords: Felling, productivity, cost, efficiency, properly.

Artikel 2013 ( 5 buah) 110. Suhartana, S., Yuniawati & Dulsalam. (2013). Biaya dan produktivitas penyaradan dan

pembuatan/pemeliharaan kanal di HTI rawa gambut di Riau dan Jambi (Cost and productivity of skidding and canal establishment at peat swamp forest plantation in Riau and Jambi) . Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan, 31(1),36-48. Bogor: Pusat Litbang Keteknikan Kehutanan dan Pengolahan Hasil Hutan. Penulis ke 1 dari 3, 13 hlm. Terakreditasi A. No. 179/AU1/P2MBI/8/2009. II.A.6. ISSN 0216-4329. www.pustekolah.org

ABSTRACT

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Productivity and cost of skidding, as well as canal establishment are important aspects on timber harvesting in peat swamp forest plantation. They could determine timber harvesting efficiency. A study was carried out in June 2011 at concession area of Arara Abadi Company, Riau and July 2011 at Wirakarya Sakti Company, Jambi. This study aimed to find out productivity and cost of skidding and canal establishment at peat swamp forest plantation. Field data i.e. productivity and cost of skidding and canal establishment were collected and processed through tabulation. Study results revealed that (1) The average of skidding productivity for the studied plots (PU) I, II, and III are consecutively 12,42; 13,77; 15,32, m3/hour (Jambi) and 11,46; 13,04; 15,13 m3/hour (Riau), (2) The average of skidding cost for PU I, II, and III are respectively Rp 28.306/m3, Rp 25.483/m3, Rp 22.843/m3 (Jambi) and Rp 30.592/m3, Rp 26.834/m3, Rp 23.158/m3 (Riau), and (3) The average of canal establishment cost for PU I, II, and III are consecutively Rp 13.623/m, Rp 13.189/m, Rp 13.048/m (Jambi) and Rp 9.670/m, Rp 9.630/m, Rp 9.431/m (Riau). Keywords: Productivity, cost, skidding, canal establishment, peat swamp forest plantation

111. Suhartana, S. (2013). Pemanenan hutan ramah lingkungan menjamin produksi kayu yang berkelanjutan. Himpunan Bunga Rampai Orasi Ilmiah Ahli Peneliti Utama (APU) Pusat Litbang Keteknikan Kehutanan dan Pengolahan Hasil Hutan, tanggal 3 Desember 2012 di Bogor. Bogor: Pusat Litbang Keteknikan Kehutanan dan Pengolahan Hasil Hutan. Hlm. 123-153. Penulis Tunggal, 31 hlm. ISBN 978-979-3132-44-0. II.A.4 www.pustekolah.org

ABSTRAKProduksi kayu dari hutan alam cenderung menurun dari tahun ke tahun. Produksi kayu dari hutan

tanaman masih kurang. Kebutuhan kayu untuk industri pengolahan cukup besar, sementara jatah produksi tahunan relatif kecil. Untuk meningkatkan produksi kayu yang berkelanjutan dapat dilakukan dengan peningkatan efisiensi pemanenan kayu melalui penerapan pemanenan hutan ramah lingkungan (reduced impact logging/RIL). Pemanfaatan sumberdaya hutan optimal dan gangguan lingkungan minimal adalah tujuan dari peningkatan efisiensi pemanenan kayu. Upaya peningkatan produksi kayu yang berkelanjutan dapat direalisasikan dengan penerapan RIL kaitannya dengan teknik, efisiensi dan upaya peningkatan efisiensi pemanenan kayu. Upaya tersebut diharapkan dapat dijadikan bahan acuan bagi para penentu kebijakan dan pelaksana di lapangan.Kata kunci: produksi kayu, berkelanjutan, pemanenan, ramah lingkungan.

112. Suhartana, S., Yuniawati & Dulsalam. (2013). Optimasi petak tebang di hutan tanaman rawa gambut berdasarkan produktivitas dan biaya terkait (Optimizing of the felling-plot area at the peat-swamp plantation forest based on the felling productivity and cost). Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan, 31(3), 200-212. Bogor: Pusat Litbang Keteknikan Kehutanan dan Pengolahan Hasil Hutan. 13 hlm. Penulis ke 1 dari 3. Terakreditasi A. II.A.6 .ISSN 0216-4329. www.pustekolah.org

ABSTRACTAs of this occasion, the management of timber harvesting at the peat-swamp plantation-forest in

practice still has not yet reached the optimal tree felling plot area. Consequently, this necessitates exploring a representative model to determine meticulously such optimal plot area, thereby ensuring the forest management to proceed in a sustainable way. In relevant, the related study was carried out consecutively in May 2012 at the PT Wirakarya Sakti’s concession area in Jambi; and in June 2012 at the PT Riau Andalan Pulp & Paper’s concession area in Riau. For such, the necessary data were taken descriptively and purposively, which comprised the felling-plot areas (X) and the costs (Y) for skidding, maintenance, and canal erection. Further, the obtained X-Y data couples wereanalyzed for possible quadratic regression models. Results revealed that in Jambi the X-Y model came-up in the regression equation as Y =254.82 –10.98 X + 0.21 X2 (R2 = 0.43**),withthe optimum felling area (X) equal to 26.69 ha and the minimum cost for skidding, maintenance, and canal erection (Y) reaching 105.32 (in Rp 1,000,000,000). Correspondingly, in Riau, the X-Y appeared as Y =299.47 – 14.85 X + 0.26 X2 (R2 = 0.59**),with the optimum felling area (X) reaching 28.60 ha and the minimum cost (Y) as much as 87.14 (in Rp 1.000.000.000).Keywords:Peat-swamp plantation forest, optimum felling plot area, minimum cost for skidding-

maintenance-canal erection, representative model, quadratic regression equation

113. Suhartana, S. & Yuniawati. (2013). Penyaradan kayu ramah lingkungan di hutan tanaman di Kalimantan Timur (Environmental friendly skidding technique at a plantation forest in East Kalimantan). Jurnal Hutan Tropis, 1(2), 170-175. Banjarbaru: Fakultas Kehutanan Unlam. Penulis

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ke 1 dari 2, 6 hlm. ISSN 2337-7771; e-ISSN 2337-7992. II.A.6 http://ejournal.unlam.ac.id/index.php/jht

ABSTRACT. Excavator used in skidding is necessary to get high productivity. However, it could be forest soil damages i.e. top soil displacement. A study was carried out in PT Surya Hutani Jaya, in 2010. The aim of the study was to find out the increase of productivity, cost reduction and decrease of top soil displacement by using RIL and conventional skidding technique. Data were analyzed by tabulation.Result revealed that implemented RIL techniques in skidding could increase productivity by about 14.72%, cost reduction almost of 17.53% and decrease top soil displacement at 26.89%. Skidding as one of the timber harvesting activities must implement RIL techniques especially in peat lands.Keywords: Skidding, RIL, productivity, cost, top soil. 114. Yuniawati & S. Suhartana. (2013). Peningkatan bobot isi tanah gambut akibat pemanenan kayu di

lahan gambut (Increasing of peat soil bulkdensity caused timber harvesting in peatland) . Jurnal Hutan Tropis, 1(3), 250-256. Banjarbaru: Fakultas Kehutanan Unlam. Penulis ke 2 dari 2, 7 hlm. ISSN 2337-7771; e-ISSN 2337-7992. II.A.6 http://ejournal.unlam.ac.id/index.php/jht

ABSTRACT. Timber harvesting at a peat swamp forest give negative effect to peat soil degradation.One of the happens increased soil compaction with sign increase bulk density peat soil. Soil compactioncould be decreased of layer peat soil. The aim this studi is to know bulk density of peat soil instand age of tree 2,3,4 and 5 years (before timber harvesting) and 0 year (after timber harvesting) inpeatland. Method this research is in peatland to take of peat soil sample by “bor” and ring. Analysis ofsample peat soil in laboratory use Agus method. Result of this study revealed that: (1). The averagewater content to condition of peat soil in stand age of tree 2,3,4,5 and 0 years i.e 602,978%, 734,850%,415,708%, 364,478% dan 291,118%; (2) The average bulk density to condition of peat soil in standage of tree 2,3,4,5 and 0 years is 0,173 gr/cm3, 0,164 gr/cm3, 0,155gr/cm3, 0,158 gr/cm3 dan 0,177 gr/cm3; (3) The average bulk density is high to peatland in stand age of tree 0 year (after timber harvesting)is indication to high soil compaction; and (4) The result of t test revealed that t calculate = 28.723> t table = 2.069 its mean push Ho that the activities before (stand age of tree is 2,3,4 and 5 years) andafter timber harvesting (stand age of tree 0 year) have significant effect on bulk density of peat soil.Key words : Timber harvesting, Peat swamp forest, Bulk density, Soil compaction.

Artikel 2014 (12 buah)115. Wahyudi, A.R. Mojiol, & S. Suhartana. (2014). Agroforestry pattern in peat-swamp forest in Jabiren,

Pulang Pisau, Central Kalimantan. In Osaki, M., Takahashi, M., Honma T., Hirano T., Hayasaka H., et al.,(Editors), Proceeding of International Symposium on Wild Fire and Carbon Management in Peat-Forest in Indonesia, Palangkaraya, 24-26 September 2013. Sapporo: Hokkaido University. Pp. 188-196. Penulis ke 3 dari 3, 9 hlm. ISSN 2338-9532. II.A.7

AbstractPeat swamp forest in Indonesia are located in few areas such as Sumatera, Kalimantan, and Papua. Many had been ruined by repeated fires and poor land use. One of the efforts to improve degraded peat-swamp forest is by developing an agroforestry system. The aimed of this study were to know the pattern of agroforestry and to evaluate the growth performance of some indigenous trees combine with fruits plantation that had been planted in peat-swamp forest in Jabiren Village, Pulang Pisau District, Central Kalimantan, since 2003. The treatments were consisted of land processing using drainage ditch, fertilizing, and weeding. Research result found that the pattern of agroforestry consisted of species mixture of pantung (Dyera costulata) 5.85 ha (60%), karet (Hevea brasiliensis) 0.56 ha (5.71%), fruits 2.51 ha (25.71%), vegetables 0.28 ha (2.86%), and infrastructure with 0.56 ha (5.71%). In this site, fruits comprised of cempedak (Arthocarpus integra), petai (Parkia speciosa), rambutan (Nephelium lappacum), durian (Durio zibethinus), paken (Durio cutayensis), and apokat (Persea americana), whereas vegetables consist of string bean, cassava, sweet potato, chili etc. Research result also indicated that mean annual incrament (MAI) to diameter and heihgt of pantung were 2.15 cm year-1 and 1.01 m year-1, karet were 2.39 cm year-1 and 1.37 m year-1, cempedak were 2.82 cm year-1 and 0.83 m year-1, petai were 2.02 cm year-1 and 0.84 m year-1, rambutan were 1.41 cm year-1 and 0.43 m year-1, durian were 1.22 cm year-1 and 1.37 m year-1, paken were 1.04 cm year-1 and 0.62 m year-1, and apokat were 1.67 cm year-1 and 0.51 m year-1 respectively. There was a significant difference in term of relative diameter growth rate between pantung againts (higher than) some fruits plantation, however cempedak and karet were the highest and significant difference in term of relative diameter growth rate with all other at the level of P ≤ 0.05. The findings indicate that pantung,

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karet and cempedak were suitable plant species to be planted at degraded peat-swamp forest in Jabiren for the purpose of reforestation using open area planting technique, while rambutan, durian, paken and apokat were not suitable due to inveronmental consideration. The better growth performance of pantung, karet and cempedak species are because they can easily adapted with open area olanting at the study area.Keywords: degraded peat forest, open area, reforestation.

116. Yuniawati dan S. Suhartana. (2014). Potensi karbon pada limbah pemanenan kayu Acacia crassicarpa (Carbon potential of waste timber harvesting Acacia crassicarpa). Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 12(1), 21-31. April 2014. Semarang: Program Studi Ilmu Lingkungan (PSIL), Program Pascasarjana Universitas Diponegoro. Penulis ke 2 dari 2, 11 hlm. ISSN 1829-8907. II.A.6 http://ejornal.undip.ac.id/index.php/ilmulingkungan

ABSTRACTUtilization of wood waste as a result of timber harvesting is an attempt to improve the efficiency

of utilization of wood so that balance is achieved between berkurangya timber supply from natural forests with the raw material needs of logs. During the utilization of wood waste is not optimal, so a lot of wood waste left in the forest and left to rot in the woods. These activities resulted in the decomposition of the waste timber. The decay process means that carbon emissions into the atmosphere. This paper aims to determine the potential of existing carbon in the waste timber harvesting Acacia crassicarpa. The research method is the measurement of the mass of the carbon potential in Acacia stands crassicarpa age classes 2,3,4 and 5 years and in area after timber harvest year age class 0 for the mass measurement of carbon waste wood, tree parts and waste analyzed laboratory test to measure levels of carbon as well as the use of allometric equations. The experiment was conducted in peat bogs HTI PT Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper Sector Pelalawan Riau in 2010.The results showed that average potential of carbon in waste wood Acacia crassicarpa decreased by 2.62% from the stands before harvesting (stand ages 2,3,4 and 5 years). A stump of wood waste has an average carbon potential higher than that of other types of waste, it is because the volume of waste wood on a larger stump. High volume of wood stump caused less skilled chainsaw operators when logging. The more waste wood left in the forest, the greater the potential for carbon emitted will be lost due to spoilage.Keywords : waste wood , timber harvesting , carbon potential

117. Yuniawati & S. Suhartana. (2014). Kerusakan tanah yang terjadi akibat slip pada kegiatan pengangkutan kayu (Damages of soil causes slip on hauling). Jurnal Hutan Tropis, 2(1), 65-70. Banjar Baru: Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Lambung Mangkurat. Penulis ke 2 dari 2, 6 hlm. ISSN 2337-7771; e-ISSN 2337-7992. (Untuk Pembinaan Kader Penelitian). http://ejournal.unlam.ac.id/index.php/jht

ABSTRACT. Hauling on dry land forest companies in Indonesia generally use trucks. The use of thetruck has its advantages and disadvantages. One of these disadvantages, trucks often slip on slippery conducted in 2012 in the region Resort Forest Management (RPH) Ciguha, BKPH Cikawung, KPH Sukabumi Perhutani Unit III West Java and Banten. The results showed that the wet soil conditions that have acertain soil water content produces a large slip. The first study, the average slip on downhill of 75.93 % soilmoisture content was 20.28 %. The second study, the average slip on downhill and the average soil watercontent of 28.12 % was 18.92 %. In downhill, the average slip is higher, and average depth of soil thatformed respectively 24.5 cm and 22.9 cm. The higher the slip, the greater soil damage that occurred.Keywords: Slip, water content, downhill, depth of soil

118. Suhartana, S., Yuniawati &Dulsalam. (2014). Luas petak tebang optimal pemanenan kayu di areal hutan tanaman rawa gambut (The Optimum Felling Area of Logging at Peat Swamp Forest Plantation). Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan, 32(3):175-188. Bogor: Pustekolah Sept 2014. Penulis ke 1 dari 3, 14 hlm. Terakreditasi A No. 179/AU1/P2MBI/8/2009.. II.A.6. www.pustekolah.org

ABSTRACT Skidding, maintenance and canal establisment activities in peat swamp forest require

comprehensive planning actions since the forest has a critical land and difficult to reclamate when it is damaged seriously. It is required to determine an optimum felling area, considering technical, economical and ecological aspects. A study was carried out in June 2013 at concession area of Bina Silva Nusa (PT BSN) Company. This study aimed to find out the optimum felling area and the skidding productivity, as

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well as canal maintenance and establishment. Data were taken descriptively and purposively, which comprised of felling-plot areas (Y) and the costs (X) for skidding, maintenance, and canal establishment. Further, the obtained X-Y data couples were analyzed for possible quadratic regression models. This study resulted model of the optimum felling area : 1. Y trans = 55.7 - 6.8 Xtrans + 0.21 Xtrans

2; or Ln Y = 55.7 - 6.8 Ln X + 0.21 Ln2 X , which R2 = 0.1532** or R = 0.391 (R 99%,117 = 0.254), with the optimum felling area (Yopt ) of 22.21 ha and the minimum cost (Xmin) as much as Rp 612.644.033; 2. The average increase of skidding productivity and establishment/maintenance of the secondary canal, collector canal and tertiery canal were 1.37 m3/hour (9.5%), 1.298 m/hour (5.3%), 1.706 m/hour (2.33%), and 1.4 m/hour (1.3%).Keywords: Logging, productivity, cost, felling area, optimum

119. Suhartana, S & Yuniawati. (2014). Pemanenan kayu ramah lingkungan di hutan tanaman rawa gambut di Sumatera dan Kalimantan. Dalam Dulsalam, G. Pari, A. Santoso, Djarwanto & Krisdianto. Prosiding Ekspose Hasil Penelitian Puslitbang Keteknikan Kehutanan dan Pengolahan Hasil Hutan 2013. Bogor : Puslitbang Keteknikan Kehutanan dan Pengolahan Hasil Hutan. Hlm. 197-208. Penulis ke 1 dari 2, 12 hlm. ISBN 978-979-3132-49-5. II.A.8. www.pustekolah.org

ABSTRAKTipe hutan tanaman rawa gambut sangat rapuh, sedangkan kegiatan pemanenan kayu masih terus

berlangsung intensif. Hal tersebut merupakan suatu permasalahan yang dapat berpengaruh terhadap kerusakan ekosistem hutan tanaman rawa gambut menjadi tidak terkendali. Pada umumnya kerusakan yang terjadi akibat kegiatan pemanenan kayu di hutan tanaman rawa gambut berupa subsidensi dan fluktuasi air gambut. Teknik pemanenan ramah lingkungan (RIL) dapat mengurangi kerusakan hutan sehingga dapat meningkatkan produksi kayu dan menjamin keberlangsungan hutan yang lestari. Untuk itu perlu dikaji penerapan teknik RIL di hutan tanaman rawa gambut dalam upaya mengatasi kekurangan bahan baku kayu dan gangguan lingkungan akibat pemanenan hutan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan pemanenan kayu ramah lingkungan di hutan tanaman rawa gambut terhadap produktivitas,efisiensi, biaya dan subsidensi serta fluktuasi air. Studi pustaka dilakukan di perpustakaan RI. Ardi Kusuma, perpustakaan IPB dan hasil-hasil penelitian penulis selama 2008-2010. Hasil kajian sebagai berikut: 1. Penerapan teknik RIL di HTI Sumatera (Riau, Jambi) dapat meningkatkan produktivitas antara 6,201 – 10,022 m 3/jam, efisiensi pemanfaatan meningkat antara 5,6 – 7,9 % yang setara dengan tambahan keuntungan antara Rp 15.680.000.000- 25.438.000.000/th, menurunkan biaya produksi antara Rp 5.618,0- 11.032,2/m3, subsidensi berkisar 4,67-4,72 cm/th, tinggi muka air di petak tebang dan di kanal masing-masing 61-63,77 cm, dan 63,84-65 cm; 2. Penerapan teknik RIL di HTI Kalimantan (Barat) dapat meningkatkan produktivitas 7,863 m3/jam, efisiensi pemanfaatan meningkat 6,8 % yang setara dengan tambahan keuntungan 464.400.000/th, menurunkan biaya produksi Rp 7.306,9/m3, subsidensi 0,375 cm/th, tinggi muka air di petak tebang dan di kanal masing-masing 61,75 cm, dan 52,25 cm; dan 3. Berdasarkan aspek produktivitas, efisiensi pemanfaatan kayu dan fluktuasi tinggi muka air di kanal dan di petak tebang, maka penerapan teknik RIL di HTI rawa gambut Sumatera ternyata lebih baik daripada di Kalimantan.Kata kunci : Pemanenan kayu, HTI rawa gambut, kerusakan hutan, RIL

120. Yuniawati; Suhartana, S. (2014). Pemahaman keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja pada pemanenan kayu di satu perusahaan hutan di Jambi. Dalam Dulsalam, G. Pari, A. Santoso, Djarwanto & Krisdianto. Prosiding Ekspose Hasil Penelitian Puslitbang Keteknikan Kehutanan dan Pengolahan Hasil Hutan 2013. Bogor : Puslitbang Keteknikan Kehutanan dan Pengolahan Hasil Hutan. Hlm. 209-224. Penulis ke 2 dari 2, 16 hlm. ISBN 978-979-3132-49-5. . II.A.8. www.pustekolah.org

ABSTRAKKegiatan pemanenan kayu beresiko besar terhadap kecelakaan kerja karena penggunaan peralatan

mesin yang berat dan besar, lokasi areal hutan jauh dari pusat kesehatan, kondisi lahan terkadang bertopografi tidak selalu datar dan cuaca Indonesia yang tidak menentu. Penelitian dilaksanakan di PT. Wirakarya Sakti Jambi pada bulan Mei tahun 2010. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat pemahaman pekerja pemanenan tentang keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja (K3). Penelitian dilakukan melalui wawancara kepada sejumlah pekerja di lapangan dan studi pustaka. Hasil wawancara kemudian dianalisis menggunakan skala Likert. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : 1. Rata-rata pemahaman pekerja terhadap K3 di perusahaan ini menghasilkan kategori “baik” dengan skor rataan 4,13, sedangkan penyaradan, muat, bongkar dan pengangkutan “sangat baik” masing-masing skor rataan yaitu 4,5, 4,3, 4,3

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dan 4,7. 2. Rendahnya nilai kategori K3 pada penebangan dan muat bongkar disebabkan rendahnya kesadaran pekerja menggunakan pakaian kerja lengkap K3 sehingga berakibat sering terjadi nyeri di mata dan kelelahan pada otot. Tetapi secara keseluruhan penerapan K3 pada pemanenan kayu pada perusahaan tempat penelitian sudah baik. 3. Hasil analisis korelasi, hubungan antara K3 terhadap produktivitas dan biaya untuk kedua teknik pemanenan kayu tidak ada beda nyata/tidak berkorelasi berarti menunjukkan pemahaman responden terhadap K3 dapat meningkatkan produktivitas dan penurunan biaya produksi. 4. Pemahaman K3 dapat ditingkatkan melalui penerapan aturan yang tegas dan pemberian sangsi bagi yang melanggar.Kata Kunci : Pemanenan kayu, kecelakaan kerja, nilai K3, produktivitas, biaya

121. Dulsalam; Sukadaryati; Suhartana, S. (2014).Kerusakan tegakan tingkat pohon akibat penyaradan kayu pada areal tebang pilih tanam Indonesia intensif (TPTII) di PT Gunung Meranti, Kalimantan Tengah.. Dalam Dulsalam, G. Pari, A. Santoso, Djarwanto & Krisdianto. Prosiding Ekspose Hasil Penelitian Puslitbang Keteknikan Kehutanan dan Pengolahan Hasil Hutan 2013. Bogor : Puslitbang Keteknikan Kehutanan dan Pengolahan Hasil Hutan. Hlm. 297-307. Penulis ke 3 dari 3, 11 hlm. ISBN 978-979-3132-49-5. . II.A.8. www.pustekolah.org

ABSTRAKPenyaradan kayu terutama pada sistem silvikultur intensif dapat menimbulkan kerusakan tegakan

tinggal tingkat pohon. Tegakan tinggal ini diharapkan akan menjadi sumberdaya yang dapat menggantikan pohon yang dimanfaatkan. Publikasi kerusakan tegakan tinggal akibat penyaradan pada sistem TPTII masih terbatas. Teknik penyaradan kayu berdampak negatif rendah diduga dapat mengurangi kerusakan tegakan tinggal. Untuk itu telah dilakukan penelitian kerusakan tegakan tingkat pohon akibat penyaradan kayu di PT Gunung Meranti, Kalimantan Tengah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerusakan tegakan tingkat pohon akibat penyaradan kayu secara konvensional berkisar 9,42-13,46% dengan rata-rata 11,70% dan koefisien variasi sebesar 10,21%. Sementara kerusakan tegakan tinggal tingkat pohon akibat penyaradn kayu secara berdampak negatif rendah berkisar antara 9,17-10,71% dengan rata-rata 9,98% dan koefisien variasi sebesar 4,48%. Penyaradan kayu berdampak negatif rendah perlu diimplementasikan oleh pelaksana di lapangan.Kata kunci: Penyaradan, berdampak negatif rendah, kerusakan tegakan, tingkat pohon

122. Suhartana, S; Yuniawati; Rahmat. (2014). Pemanenan kayu ramah lingkungan di hutan tanaman lahan kering di Sumatera, Kalimantan dan Jawa Barat. Dalam Suwinarti, W., I.W. Kusuma, Erwin & Ismail (Editors). Prosiding Seminar Nasional MAPEKI 16: Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya terbarukan untuk Kesejahteraan Manusia dan Kelestarian Lingkungan 6 Nopember 2013 di Balikpapan. Bogor: Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia. Hlm. 402-406. ISSN 2407-2036. Penulis ke 1 dari 3. 5 hlm. II.A.8 secretariat@mapeki.org

ABSTRAKPenerapan teknik pemanenan kayu ramah lingkungan (RIL) dapat meningkatkan produksi yang

menguntungkan secara ekonomi dan kelestarian hutan yang terjaga. Untuk itu perlu dikaji penerapan teknik RIL di hutan tanaman lahan kering. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan pemanenan kayu di hutan tanaman lahan kering ditinjau dari aspek teknis, finansial dan lingkungan. Metode penelitian berupa studi pustaka yang dilakukan di perpustakaan RI. Ardi Kusuma, perpustakaan IPB dan hasil-hasil penelitian penulis selama 2001-2012. Hasil kajian sebagai berikut: 1. Penerapan teknik RIL di HTI Sumatera (Jambi) dapat meningkatkan produktivitas 11,230 m3/jam, efisiensi pemanfaatan meningkat sekitar 6,8% yang setara dengan tambahan keuntungan Rp 17.136.000.000/th, menurunkan biaya produksi Rp 5.918,8/m3, penggeseran lapisan tanah atas 1,4 mm; 2. Penerapan teknik RIL di HTI Kalimantan (KalBar, KalTeng, Kaltim) dapat meningkatkan produktivitas antara 12,756-19,528 m3/jam, efisiensi pemanfaatan meningkat antara 14,1 – 24,2 % yang setara dengan tambahan keuntungan antara Rp 279.180.000-10.097.528.320/th, menurunkan biaya produksi antara Rp 2.691,2-5.464,40/m3, tingkat kerusakan tegakan tinggal menurun antara 7,05 – 12,5 %; 3. Penerapan teknik RIL di Jawa Barat (KPH Cianjur) dapat meningkatkan produktivitas 6,317 m3/jam, efisiensi pemanfaatan meningkat 10,6 % yang setara dengan tambahan keuntungan 678.421.284,8/th, menurunkan biaya produksi sekitar Rp 9.683,2/m3, penggeseran lapisan tanah atas 1,2 mm; dan 4. Penerapan teknik RIL di HTI lahan kering Kalimantan ternyata lebih baik daripada di Sumatera dan Jawa Barat, dilihat dari tingginya produktivitas dan efisiensi pemanfaatan kayu dan biaya produksi yang rendah.

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Kata kunci : Pemanenan kayu, hutan tanaman lahan kering, RIL,

123. Yuniawati; Suhartana, S; Rahmat. (2014). Peningkatan produktivitas muat bongkar dan pengangkutan kayu Acacia mangium melalui teknik yang ramah lingkungan. Dalam Suwinarti, W., I.W. Kusuma, Erwin & Ismail (Editors). Prosiding Seminar Nasional MAPEKI 16: Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya terbarukan untuk Kesejahteraan Manusia dan Kelestarian Lingkungan 6 Nopember 2013 di Balikpapan. Bogor: Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia. Hlm. 407-414. ISSN 2407-2036. Penulis ke 2 dari 3. 8 hlm. II.A.8 secretariat@mapeki.org

ABSTRAKKegiatan muat, bongkar dan angkut merupakan bagian dari rangkaian kegiatan pemanenan kayu

yang berfungsi mengeluarkan kayu dari petak tebang ke tujuan akhir. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April 2010 di areal kerja HPHTI PT Surya Hutani Jaya, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui rata-rata produktivitas dan biaya muat bongkar serta pengangkutan dengan teknik RIL dan setempat pada kayu Acacia mangium. Metode penelitian menggunakan teknik RIL dan teknik setempat dengan menghitung rata-rata produktivitas dan biaya dari kegiatan muat, bongkar dan angkut.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1. Rata-rata produktivitas dan biaya muat dengan teknik RIL dan setempat berturut-turut sebesar 349,029 m3.m/jam, 339,612 m3.m/jam, Rp 927,5/ m3, dan Rp 953,2/m3; 2. Rata-rata produktivitas dan biaya bongkar dengan teknik RIL dan setempat berturut-turut sebesar 419,483 m3.m/jam, 410,273 m3.m/jam, Rp 771,9/m3, dan Rp 788,6/m3; 3. Rata-rata produktivitas dan biaya angkut dengan teknik RIL dan setempat berturut-turut 257,993 m3km/jam, 249,371 m3km/jam, Rp 1.112,3/m3, dan Rp 1.150,1/m3; 4. Melihat keuntungan yang bakal didapat apabila menerapkan teknik RIL dalam pengeluaran kayu maka terbuka peluang bagi pengusaha hutan untuk menerapkan teknik RIL. Kata kunci : Produktivitas, biaya, RIL, muat, bongkar, angkut

124. Dulsalam; Suhartana, S; Sukadaryati; Yuniawati. (2014). Pemanenan kayu di hutan tanaman. Bogor: Forda Press. pp.122 hlm.. ISBN:978-602-71770-2-4. Penulis ke 2 dari 4. II.A.2. Anggota IKAPI No. 257/JB/2014 fordapress@yahoo.co.id.

ABSTRAKBuku ini berisi informasi dan teknologi yang disusun berdasarkan hasil penelitan dari penyusun dan

dari pustaka lain yang gayut dengan ruang lingkup perencanaan pemanenan, penebangan, penyaradan, muat bongkar dan pengangkutan kayu. Masing-masing ruang lingkup ditinjau dari aspek teknis, finansial, sosial dan lingkungan. Konsep pemanenan hutan tanaman mengacu pada konsep pengelolaan hutan tanaman lestari (PHTPL). Kebijakan pelaksana pemanenan kayu dari hutan tanaman yang baik berasal dari masukan informasi yang tepat.

125. Yuniawati; Suhartana, S. (2014). Peningkatan produktivitas pengangkutan kayu Pinus merkusiii pada berbagai kelerengan dengan menggunakan alat bantu. Buletin Puslitbang Perhutani 17 : 7-18. Edisi januari-Oktober 2014. Cepu: Puslitbang Perum Perhutani. Website: www.puslitbangperhutani.com. ISSN 1411-2175E Jml hal: 12. Penulis ke 2 dari 2. II.A.6. AK =

AbstrakKegiatan pengangkutan kayu memiliki tujuan untuk mengeluarkan kayu dari dalam hutan menuju

industri pengolahan kayu. Kegiatan tersebut membutuhkan efisiensi waktu sehingga kelancaran dalam pengangkutan harus diutamakan. Pada pengangkutan kayu di Perum Perhutani umumnya menggunakan truk. Ada kelemahan dari penggunaan truk tersebut yaitu kemampuan truk untuk menanjak pada kelerengan tertentu sangat terbatas, sehingga dapat mengurangi produktivitas kerja dan meningkatkan biaya pengangkutan kayu. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tahun 2013 di wilayah KPH Sukabumi terletak di Kabupaten Sukabumi Jawa Barat. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui produktivitas pengangkutan dan biaya produksi pengangkutan kayu Pinus Merkusii pada berbagai kelerengan. Metode penelitian yaitu mengukur jarak tempuh truk, waktu tempuh truk, tahanan kelandaian alat, menghitung produktivitas dan biaya produksi pengangkutan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan alat bantu dapat melancarkan kegiatan pengangkutan kayu pinus merkusii pada kelerengan yang berbeda. Pengangkutan kayu memerlukan kelancaran dalam pendistribusian kayu ke industri pengolahan kayu. Faktor kelerengan dalam pengangkutan kayu dapat mengakibatkan rendahnya produktivitas dan pemborosan biaya produksi karena cepat habisnya bahan bakar dan ausnya ban truk.Kata kunci : Biaya produksi pengangkutan, distribusi, kelerengan, produktivitas

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126. Suhartana, S; Yuniawati; Rahmat. (2014). Peningkatan efisiensi pemanfaatan kayu Acacia mangium melalui teknik penebangan ramah lingkungan. Jurnal Wahana Foresta 8(2):42-52, Juli 2014. Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Lancang Kuning. Pekanbaru. Penulis ke 1 dari 3. 11 hlm. ISSN 1858-4209. II.A.6. jurnal_foresta@yahoo.com

ABSTRAKKegiatan penebangan mempunyai peranan yang penting dalam pemanfaatan hasil hutan kayu.

Pada kegiatan tersebut sering terjadi kesalahan sehingga menimbulkan kerugian, berupa penurunan kualitas dan volume kayu yang berujung pada penurunan produktivitas dan efisiensi pemanfaatan kayu. Penelitian dilaksanakan di satu perusahaan hutan di daerah Kalimantan Timur tahun 2010, yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya produktivitas dan biaya penebangan serta efisiensi pemanfaatan kayu Acacia mangium pada teknik penebangan ramah lingkungan (RIL/reduced impact logging) dan teknik setempat. Data diolah secara tabulasi untuk mendapatkan nilai rata-rata dan simpangan bakunya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata produktivitas penebangan dengan teknik RIL dan teknik setempat masing-masing adalah 12,386 m3/jam dan 10,507 m3/jam, efisiensi pemanfaatan kayu dengan teknik RIL dan teknik setempat masing-masing adalah 98,4% dan 96%, serta biaya penebangan dengan teknik RIL dan teknik setempat masing-masing adalah Rp 5.235/m3 dan Rp 6.171,2/m3. Apabila teknik RIL diterapkan dapat meningkatkan efisiensi pemanfaatan kayu sebesar 2,4% yang setara dengan tambahan keuntungan Rp 345.866.400/thn. Melihat keuntungan yang bakal didapat, terbuka peluang bagi pengusaha hutan untuk menerapkan teknik RIL.Kata kunci : Teknik penebangan RIL, efisiensi, produktivitas, biaya

Artikel 2015 ( 4 buah)127. Yuniawati & S. Suhartana. (2015). Pengaruh selip terhadap kerusakan tanah pada kegiatan

pengangkutan kayu Pinus merkusii (The effect of slip for damage of soil on Hauling Pine Merkusii). Jurnal sains & Teknologi Lingkungan 7(2):95-107. Yogyakarta: Jurusan Teknik Lingkungan, Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan, Universitas Islam Indonesia. ISSN 2085-1227. Juni 2015. http://www.environment.uii.ac.id. II.A.6. Penulis ke 2 dari 2. 13 hlm. AK: 2.

AbstrakKegiatan pengangkutan kayu sering terkendala oleh selip yang terjadi, terutama pada kondisi jalan

tanah angkutan kayu yang licin. Perlu adanya upaya untuk mengurangi selip tersebut, dengan menggunakan alat bantu rangkaian besi kotak. Tujuan tulisan adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh selip terhadap kerusakan tanah yang terjadi, dengan menggunakan alat bantu maupun tidak menggunakan alat bantu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara selip dengan kerusakan tanah pada jalan angkutan kayu. Semakin besar selip maka kerusakan tanah yang terjadi juga akan semakin besar. Kerusakan tanah tersebut dapat menghambat kelancaran distribusi kayu ke industri pengolahan kayu. Upaya untuk mengurangi selip dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat bantu, sehingga pengurangan terjadinya selip dapat dicapai sebesar 89,19%.Kata kunci : Jalan licin, kerusakan tanah, pengangkutan kayu, selipAbstract

Hauling often constrained by the slip that occurs in road conditions slippery. There needs to be an effort to reduce slippage by using a auxiliary tools series of iron box. The purpose of writing is to determine effect of slip for soil damage occurred, using auxiliary tools and not use. The results showed that there is a relationship between slip and damage of soil to the road hauling. The greater of slip, the damage to the soil be greater. Damage of soil can hinder the smooth distribution of wood to the wood processing industry. The use of auxiliary tools can reduce the slip of 89.19%.Keywords : Road slippery, soil damage, hauling, slip

128. Suhartana, S., Dulsalam, Yuniawati, M. Iqbal & IWS Dharmawan. (2015). Produksi kayu dan potensi simpanan karbon lahan gambut pada areal pemanenan kayu ramah lingkungan. Dalam Januarini, Nia (Editor). Prosiding Seminar Hasil Penelitian “Teknologi dan Inovasi Keteknikan Kehutanan dan Pengolahan Hasil Hutan dalam Menunjang Industri Pengolahan Hasil Hutan”, tanggal 26 Nopember 2014. Hlm. 15-30. Bogor: Pusat Litbang Hasil Hutan. Juli 2015. ISBN 978-979-3132-58-7. 16 hlm, penulis ke 1 dari 5. II.A.8. AK: 4. http://www.pustekolah.org.

ABSTRAK

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Hutan tanaman rawa gambut mempunyai karakteristik sangat rapuh dan memiliki potensi kayu sangat tinggi dengan kandungan karbon di dalamnya lebih banyak daripada lahan kering. Diperlukan kegiatan pemanenan kayu yang ramah lingkungan agar pencapaian produksi kayu meningkat dengan kerusakan lingkungan gambut yang minimal. Penelitian dilaksanakan di 2 Izin Usaha Pemanfaatan Hasil Hutan Kayu pada Hutan Tanaman (IUPHHK-HT) rawa gambut di Riau dan Jambi. Tujuan penulisan adalah untuk mengetahui produksi kayu dan potensi simpanan karbon di hutan tanaman rawa gambut Riau dan Jambi yang menerapkan pemanenan kayu ramah lingkungan. Data diperoleh melalui pengukuran produktivitas penebangan dan penyaradan, biaya produksi dan efisiensi pemanfaatan kayu, serta mengukur kedalaman gambut dan kadar C organik gambut di laboratorium.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanenan kayu ramah lingkungan yang diterapkan pada kedua IUPHHK-HT rawa gambut berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan efisiensi pemanfaatan kayu yang berarti peningkatan produksi kayu sekitar 5,6-7,9 % atau setara dengan tambahan keuntungan antara Rp 15.680 juta-25.438 juta/tahun. Perubahan simpanan karbon gambut terjadi pada areal pemanenan kayu ramah lingkungan, yaitu sebelum penebangan sebesar 93,072 tonC/ha dan setelah penebangan sebesar 43,677 tonC/ha. Dalam jangka panjang, pemanenan kayu ramah lingkungan sebagai salah satu bentuk pengelolaan hutan lestari, selain meningkatkan efisiensi produksi kayu tetapi juga dapat tetap menjaga keberadaan simpanan karbon gambut.

Kata kunci : Pemanenan kayu ramah lingkungan, potensi serapan karbon, produksi kayu, hutan tanaman rawa gambut

129. Yuniawati & S. Suhartana. (2015). Keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja pada kegiatan pemanenan kayu. Dalam Januarini, Nia (Editor). Prosiding Seminar Hasil Penelitian “Teknologi dan Inovasi Keteknikan Kehutanan dan Pengolahan Hasil Hutan dalam Menunjang Industri Pengolahan Hasil Hutan”, tanggal 26 Nopember 2014. Hlm. 205-218. Bogor: Pusat Litbang Hasil Hutan. Juli 2015. ISBN 978-979-3132-58-7. 14 hlm, penulis ke 2 dari 2. II.A.8. AK: 4. http://www.pustekolah.org.

ABSTRAKKegiatan pemanenan kayu merupakan pekerjaan yang berat, sehingga diperlukan kesadaran yang

tinggi akan keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja (K3) bagi para pekerjanya. Sering dijumpai kecelakaan kerja di lapangan baik saat penebangan, penyaradan, muat bongkar maupun pengangkutan kayu. Penelitian dilaksanakan di areal kerja IUPHHK-HT PT Surya Hutani Jaya, Distrik Sebulu. Areal ini termasuk ke dalam wilayah Dinas Kehutanan Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur tahun 2010. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pemahaman pekerja terhadap K3 dan hubungan K3 terhadap produktivitas pemanenan kayu. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan menyebar kuisioner kepada 20 responden pekerja pemanenan kayu dengan beberapa pertanyaan tentang K3 dan pemanenan kayu. Kemudian hasil jawaban responden/data diolah dengan skala Likert dan melakukan uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) K3 memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam kegiatan pemanenan kayu, yaitu mengurangi risiko terjadinya kecelakaan kerja dan gangguan kesehatan; (2) Pekerja pemanenan kayu di IUPHHK-HT Surya Hutani Jaya Distrik Sebulu mengerti arti penting K3 bagi keselamatan mereka, tetapi penerapan di lapangan masih sangat sulit; (3) Rata-rata produktivitas pemanenan kayu dengan menerapkan RIL lebih tinggi daripada teknik setempat dengan biaya produksi yang rendah. Di dalam RIL terdapat kaidah K3 bagi pekerja di lapangan. Dengan menerapkan RIL tidak hanya dapat meningkatkan produktivitas pemanenan kayu, tetapi juga dapat meningkatkan pemahaman K3; serta (4) Hubungan antara K3 dan produktivitas dan biaya pemanenan kayu menunjukkan keeratan korelasi kuat dengan koefisien korelasi positif 0,447.

Kata kunci : K3, pemanenan kayu, produktivitas, biaya produksi, skala Likert

130.Suhartana, S & Yuniawati. (2015). Penerapan RIL guna meningkatkan produktivitas dan meminimalkan biaya penyaradan di hutan tanaman rawa gambut. Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan 33(3):215-224. Bogor: Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan. II.A.6. Penulis ke 1 dari 2. 10 hlm. AK = 15. www.pustekolah.org (www.pustekolah.litbang.dephut.go.id) . ISSN 0216-4329. Terakreditasi No: 642/AU3/P2MI-LIPI/07/2015. Edisi: September 2015.

ABSTRACTLog skidding technique in peatland is different with those practiced in dry land. A well planning is

required especially in the use of the skidding tool. Since skidding takes a large portion of production costs,

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it is nedeed to compensate by increasing productivity through implemention of the proper harvesting techniques. The study was conducted on 2012 at the work area of PT Satria Perkasa Agung, in Simpang Kanan District, Pelalawan, Riau Province. The aim of the study is to determine the increase of productivity and minimize production cost by implementing RIL technique at peat swamp plantation forest. Data of skidding cost and productivity were processesed by using tabulation to obtain the mean and then analized using t-test of SPSS 18 software. The results showed that: 1. RIL Skidding technique in peatland can increase the average of productivity by 8.37% and decrease the average production cost of 3.93%; 2. The use of proper matting lines on skidding in peat swamp forest can reduce uneffective time about 8.3% equal to 3.66 minutes/trip. Keywords: Skidding productivity, skidding cost, peat, RIL techniques

131. Yuniawati & S. Suhartana. (2016). Mengurangi selip pada kegiatan pengangkutan kayu Pinus merkusii dengan menggunakan alat bantu. Prosiding Seminar Nasional 18 Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia, tanggal 4-5 Nopember 2015. Hlm. 534-541. Bogor: Pusat Penelitian Biomaterial, LIPI, Pusat Inovasi, LIPI, Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia, Puslitbang Perumahan dan Pemukiman-Kementerian PUPR. Januari 2016. ISSN: 2407-2036. 8 hlm, penulis ke 2 dari 2. II.A.8. AK: 2. http://www.mapeki.org.

AbstrakTruk digunakan dalam kegiatan pengangkutan kayu Pinus merkusii di hutan milik Perhutani. Banyak keunggulan yang dimiliki oleh truk. Tetapi selain keunggulan terdapat sisi kelemahan terhadap penggunaan truk tersebut. Pada kondisi jalan angkutan kayu yang licin dan beberapa kelas kelerengan tertentu penggunaan truk sering mengalami selip. Terjadinya selip tidak menguntungkan bagi perusahaan karena banyak tanah yang rusak pada permukan jalan akibat gusuran roda truk. Metode penelitian terdiri dari kegiatan merancang, membuat alat bantu dan ujicoba alat bantu. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan alat bantu terhadap upaya mengurangi selip pada jalan tanah pengangkutan kayu Pinus merkusii di hutan milik Perum Perhutani Divisi Regional III Jawa Barat dan Banten. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : 1). Tekstur tanah lempung berliat, kondisi jalan menanjak dan menurun memiliki pengaruh terhadap terjadinya selip; 2). Rata-rata selip yang terjadi dengan menggunakan alat bantu sebesar 8,83% ; 3). Rata-rata produktivitas pengangkutan kayu sebesar 89,34 m3.km/jam; 4). Rata-rata biaya produksi pengangkutan kayu sebesar Rp 3.660/m3.km; dan 5). Rata-rata kedalaman tanah yang terbentuk dengan menggunakan alat bantu sebesar 19,8 cm.

Kata Kunci: alat bantu, biaya, kerusakan tanah, produktivitas, selip

132.

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