Abstract Book of 1st National Seminar on Green Chemistry and

JointlyOrganizedBy;National Academy of Young Scientists(NAYS) Pakistan,The Emerging Nations

Science Foundation

ORGANIZEDBY

DEPARTMENTOFCHEMISTRYFederal Urdu University of Arts,Science and TechnologyGulshan-e-Iqbal Campus, KarachiFUUAST Contact # 021-9244141, Ext. 2113Email:[email protected]

1ST NATIONAL SEMINAR-CUM-TRAINING COURSEON GREEN CHEMISTRY

AND ENIVIRONMENTAL EFEECTSJULY 4th, 2013

Theme;

Celebration of World Environmental Day 2013

(ENSF)

1ST NATIONAL SEMINAR-CUM-TRAINING COURSE

ON GREEN CHEMISTRYAND ENIVIRONMENTALEFEECTS

JULY 4th ,2013

ORGANIZED BY

DEPARTMENTOF CHEMISTRYFederal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology

Gulshan-e-Iqbal Campus, KarachiFUUAST Contact # 021-9244141, Ext. 2113

Email:[email protected]

Organizing Committee

The honorable Vice-Chancellor Prof. Dr. Zafar Iqbal,

Patron-in–chief, FUUAST

Principal Organizer

Dr. Humera Anwer, Assistant Prof, FUUAST

Organizing Secretary:

Ms. Mariam Ameen, FUUAST

Organizers and Coordinators:

Dr. Asra Mustafa Dr. Urooj Haroon D.. r....... .Sana Mustafa Ms. Nida Ali Dr. Sultan Ms. Shamsa Naz Ms. Noureen Fatima Mrs. Asma Kanwal Mr. Hafiz Abdullah Shahid Ms. Madeeha Fatima

1ST NATIONAL SEMINAR-CUM-TRAINING COURSE

ON GREEN CHEMISTRYAND ENIVIRONMENTALEFEECTS

JULY 4th, 2013

Celebration of World Environmental Day 2013

ORGANIZED BYDEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and TechnologyGulshan-e-Iqbal Campus, Karachi

In-Collaboration With;

National Academy of Young Scientists (NAYS) Pakistan,

The Emerging Nations Science Foundation (ENSF)

Seminar on Green Chemistry and Environmental Effects

Contents

Water Pollution in Lower Sindh, Issues and Concern 7

Green Chemistry- the Environmental Effects and Bioac-tive Natural Products 8

Environment and its impact on health 9

New Secondary Metabolites from Medicinal Plant Ixoracoccinea Linn. 10

Solid Waste Management Issues A Case Study in Ruraland Urban Pakistan 11

Cardiovascular active chemical constituents from the fruitsof Aegle marmelos Linn. 12

Environmental effects of heavy metal Cr(VI) can be re-moved by using Linum usitatissimum 14

Asymmetric Synthesis of Aryl Benzyl Sulfoxides, andSynthesis of Phenylazonapthols 15

Adsorption of Chromium(Vl) on Local grass 16

Adsorption studies of some Heavy metal ions (Fe(II),Mn(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II)) on Hyoscyamus niger (KhurasaniAjwain) 17

Biosorption of Fluoride Ion from Aqueous Solution byFungal Biomass 18

Thymol, An active constituent of Nigella Sativa, couldreduce toxicity of some trace metals (Fe(III),Cr(VI),Cu(II),V(IV)

Department of Chemistry, FUUAST. 1


and Co(II)). 19

Isolation of chemical constituents of Acnathopegrus Berda20

A Novel, Facile and Highly Efficient Approach Towardsthe Green Synthesis of Schiff Bases and Their BiologicalInsights 21

Significant Applications of Electrochemical Technique 22

Medicinal herbs can be easily checked for contaminationusing SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and DPASV(differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry) 23

Nitration of Salicylic Acid by means of HNO3 /ACOHunder mild conditions 24

Multi-Attribute Modeling of Bottled Drinking Water toAccess the Consumer Satisfaction Induced by Composi-tion and Sensorial Characteristics 25

Determination of Heavy Metals Pollution in Fish Speciesof Arabian Sea: Commercially Available Fish Species inKarachi 26

Synthesis of paracetamol derived silver nanoparticles andtheir application in catalysis 27

Spectrophotometric Determination of Iron in DifferentVarieties of Fresh Beans and Comparison between Dryand Fresh Chick Peas 28

Algae fuels are best and safe replacement of Fossil fuels 29

Phytochemical studies on Melilotus Alba (Medikus) 30



Phytochemical studies on Ferula Balochistanica 31

Study of Complexation of (-)-3-(3.4-dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine and analogues with bioactive metals 32

Fabrication of Small L-Threonine Capped Nickel Nanopar-ticles and Their Catalytic Application 33

Kinetic study of Oxidation of Acridine Orange with Potas-sium Chlorate at low pH 34

Synthesis of air stable copper nanoparticles and their usein catalysis 35

Physicochemical and Bacteriological Analysis of Drink-ing Water Samples (ground and tap) collected from Dif-ferent Areas of Pakistan 36

Tributyltin (TBT) and Sexual abnormality in gastropods37

Synthetic Approach From A Different Prospective AnInitiative Towards Local API Synthesis 38

Bioactive triterpenoids from the pods of Adenium obe-sum 39

Synthesis, enzyme inhibition and anticancer investiga-tion of unsymmetrical 1,3-disubstituted ureas 40

Phytochemical Screening of Volatile Constituents fromAerial parts of Murraya Paniculata 41

Nafion stabilized ibuprofengold nanostructures modifiedscreen printed electrode as arsenic(III) sensor 42



Wormicidal Action of Crude Extracts of Camellia sinen-sis (Ilam-Nepal Tea), A New Horizon in Therapeutics 43

In vitro Thrombolytic Potential of Crude Extracts ofCamellia sinensis (Ilam-Nepal Tea): A New Hope forAtherothrombotic diseases 44

Anti -head lice activity of Camillea sinensis (Green tea)extracts: A search for new pediculocidal agent 45

Can 7 memebered Nitrogen Rings N7 i.e. (N7HX)and5 membered Boron Ring B5 i.e. (B5HX)be stable:as 6membered Carbon Rings C6 i.e. (C6HX) are Stable 46

Simple and sensitive voltammetric determination of Nal-buphine hydrochloride based on Tranexamic acid derivedgold nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode 47

A Next Generation And Green Plastics 48



GREEN CHEMISTRY AND ITS ENVIRONMENTALEFFECTSJULY 4, 2013

Workshop Programme

Inaugural SessionVenue: Abdul Qadir Khan Auditorium

Time Event9:15am Guests to be seated9:30am Recitation from the Holy Quran and Naat9:40am National Anthem9:45am Welcome address by Ms Rehana Iqbal9:50am Address by the chief organizer Dr Humera Anwer10:00am Address by the Dean faculty of Science, FUUAST10:05am Address by the chief guest, Vice Chancellor, FUUAST10:10am Vote of thanks by Dr Talat Mehmood10:15am Refreshments

Poster Presentations

Academic Session IVenue: Abdul Qadir Khan Auditorium

Time Event10:45am - 11:15am Lecture by Muhammad Iqbal Bhanger,HEJ Research Insti-

tute of Chemistry University of Karachi. Karachi,Pakistan11:15am - 11:45am Lecture by Dr Aftab Saeed, Hamdard University11:45am - 12:15pm Marine life and environmental effects by Dr Majid Mumtaz,

Karachi University

Lab VisitVenue: Department of Chemistry, FUUAST

Time Event12:30am - 01:00pm Visit laboratories of Department of Chemistry,FUUAST01:00pm - 02:00pm Prayer/Lunch break



Academic Session II(02:00pm - 04:00pm)

Workshop I: Training of Plagiarism software and its related issues.

Resource person: Dr Sajid JahangirVenue: Department of Chemistry, FUUAST.

Workshop II: LATEX: Scientific type setting environment.

Resource person: Dr Razi UddinVenue: Department of Mathematics, FUUAST.

Resource person: Dr Muhammad SarimVenue: RCET, Department of Computer Science, FUUAST.

Academic Session IIIVenue: Abdul Qadir Khan Auditorium

Time Event02:00pm - 04:00pm Poster Presentation04:00pm - 04:30pm Prize distribution ceremony



Plenary Lecture

Water Pollution in Lower Sindh, Issues andConcern

Muhammad Iqbal Bhanger

HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, ICCBS, University of Karachi.Karachi,Pakistan

Abstract

Water is a scarce and finite resource which needs to be properly man-aged for sustainable growth and development. The natural capital ofany region is an important ingredient of its development strategy. Theprovince of Sindh is prone to water problems because it receives scantyrainfall and is the lower riparian of the Indus river. In Sindh, diversenatural resource components- forest, fisheries, wildlife, livestock, waterand others not only constitute its natural assets but also contribute sig-nificantly to communities livelihood. Continued deterioration of thesenatural assets is compromising the development process and threatensachievement of the targets for poverty reduction in the province. Re-duction in freshwater flows, rapid urbanization, sea intrusion, habitat de-struction, deforestation, water pollution (both underground and surface),water logging and salinity are stark indicators of an escalating environ-mental catastrophe. This degradation of land and water resources coupledwith population growth present enormous challenges to sustainable devel-opment in Sindh.



Green Chemistry- the Environmental Effectsand Bioactive Natural Products

Aftab Saeed, Qamarul-Haque, M. Afzal Rizvi, Uzma Shafi, Halima Nazar

Faculty of Eastern Medicine, Hamdard University, Karachi

Abstract

Green chemistry is the branch of chemistry concerned with developingprocesses and products to reduce or eliminate hazardous substances. Oneof the goals of green chemistry is to prevent pollution at its source, asopposed to dealing with pollution after it has occurred. Green chemistryis therefore also known as Sustainable Chemistry, is the design of chemi-cal products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use or generationof hazardous substances. Green chemistry applies across the life cycle ofa chemical organic/ inorganic product, including its design, manufacture,and use. In the light of the twelve principles given by Anastas and Warner(1998) it re-affirms that Prevention is better than Cure. The phrase provesfurther true when it is observed that the most advanced nations like Amer-icans throw away 49 million diapers every single day. But what happensafter the garbage truck takes them away? The diapers end up in land-fills and could take 500 years to decompose. Styrofoam takes 2,000 yearsto decompose. And plastic bottlessuch as all of those water and sodabottleswill never decompose. Landfills emit toxins such as methane andcarbon dioxide, which just so happen to be the two main greenhousegases that some scientists say cause global warming We may consider thisquestion from several standpoints: the environment and human health- Astable economy that uses energy and resources efficiently - and Social andpolitical systems that lead to a just society. Examples may be multipliedto highlight the issues for the just purpose of solution on sustainable ba-sis. Thus having a biological sense of natural resource use where medicinalplants are the mainstay for future nutrition and drugs with least or noside effects, and linking all with chemical sustainability, i.e. sustainableChemistry the subject of current interest ”Sustainable chemistry- seeks toimprove the efficiency with which natural resources are used to meet hu-man needs for chemical products and services. Sustainable chemistry thusencompasses the design, manufacture and use of efficient, effective, safeand more environmentally benign chemical products and processes. Sus-tainable chemistry in close relationship with medicinal plants stimulatesinnovation across all sectors to design and discover new bio-chemicals,production processes, and product stewardship practices that will pro-vide increased performance and increased value while meeting the goalsof protecting and enhancing human health and the environment. Rightfrom the pro-active defense mechanism of medicinal plants tuned by theDivine force to the identification of various groups of bioactive substancesand specific temperaments of natural herbs, the main focus of the Facultyof Eastern Medicine Hamdard University is to provide health managementfacilities without or least side effects.



Environment and its impact on health

Majid Mumtaz

Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi

Abstract

The general discussion about environmental pollution was under con-sideration with respect to different incidents around the world. The ef-fects of environmental hazards were highlighted to grab the attention ofpeople on the degradation of environment and its impact on health ofhuman, animals and birds. Detail discussion about the major forms ofpollution, their causes and effects were presented with reference to theresearch done in relevant fields. Threats to the economically importantfishes and Mangroves of Pakistan were underlined. Bioaccumulation ofsome extremely toxic pollutants in food chain and the diseases causedby them were discussed. At the last some solutions were suggested todecrease the environmental hazards and to conserve the environment



Posters

New Secondary Metabolites from MedicinalPlant Ixora coccinea Linn.

Ambreen Ikram 1, Shumaila Shamshad1, Muhammad Ali Versiania1,Salman Khalid1 Syed Tahir Ali1 and Shaheen Faizib 2

1Department of Chemistry, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Sciences andTechnology, Karachi, Pakistan

2Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical andBiological SciencbHEJes, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan

Abstract

In the course of our continuing interest to the discover of active metabo-lites from the medicinal plant Ixora coccinea led to the isolation of anew triterpene ixorene (1), a dammarane triterpenoid, along with theseven other biologically active metabolites -sitosterol (2), lupeol (3), D-mannitol (4), stigmast-5-en-3-O--D-glucoside (5), 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid(6), Quinic acid (7) and Ursolic acid (8). The structure of Ixorene (1)was elucidated on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D-NMR studies andmass spectrometry as 17-dammara-12, 20-diene-3-ol. Recently we havereported a new tirucallane triterpene, Ixoroid (9), from the flower of I.coccinea and also evaluated the effect of flower extract and its fractionson cardiovascular system, a first report of this effect on Ixora coccine. 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (6) and quinic acid (7) are the first record of this speciesand have a broad spectrum of biological activities like antioxidant, astrin-gent, antimicrobial and chemo-protective, which resemble those reportedfrom I. coccinea, therefore these compounds are probably responsible formuch of the plant activity. Pharmacological activities of above reportedcompounds are in progress.



Solid Waste Management Issues A Case Studyin Rural and Urban Pakistan

Ambreen Aziz1, Urooj Haroon2, Khalid Hassan1 and Seema Jilani1

1Department of Environmental Science, Sindh Madressatul Islam University,Karachi

2Department of Chemistry, Federal Urdu University for Arts, Science andTechnology, Karachi

Abstract

Pakistan has been facing big environmental challenges, among whichsolid waste disposal is one of the grave causes of concern. Unlike all de-veloped countries, Pakistan does not have a proper management systemof solid waste. Production of solid waste per year has increased to analarming figure about 20million tons which is 59,000 tons per day. Thisstudy reveals that the rate of waste generation on average varies from0.23/kg/capita/day to 0.61/kg/capita/day in rural and urban areas ofPakistan. Unfortunately none of the cities has proper system of solidwaste management from collection to final disposal. Solid waste can bedefined as material that no longer has any value to the person who is re-sponsible for it and is not intended to be discharged through a pipe. It in-cludes solids or semi solids, non soluble materials, including containerizedgaseous materials. It is generated by domestic, commercial, industrial,healthcare, agricultural and mineral extraction activities and accumulatesin streets and public places. Words like garbage, trash, refuses and rub-bish is used to refer to some forms of solid waste. COMPOSITION OFSOLID WASTE: Solid waste in Pakistan is generally composed of plastic,rubber, metal paper, card board, textile waste, glass, food waste, animalwaste, garden waste, bones, wood, stones etc. Open dumping, burningand un-engineered land fill sides are some of the methods of solid wastemanagement escalating environmental problems e.g. ground water pol-lution, health hazards, air pollution etc. LEGISLATION: Pakistan hasresponded to its environmental problems by developing laws, establishinggovernment agencies and accepting technical assistance from donors, in-cluding the World Bank. Despite this, the response remains fragmentedand environmental institutions, laws and other initiatives are unable tosolve the whole problem. Environmental legislation is still not well de-veloped in Pakistan, especially in comparison to the developed world.For example, there are no National Quality Standards for SMW. CON-CLUSION Considering the overall negative impacts associated with opendumping and open burning, these practices must be strongly discharged.Managing solid waste should be taken very seriously. Government shouldrevisit their policies and adopt effective measures to solve this matter.Regardless of whether solid waste refers to non-hazardous or hazardouswaste, its proper disposal is very important.



Cardiovascular active chemical constituentsfrom the fruits of Aegle marmelos Linn.

Amna Khatoon1, Muhammad Ali Versiani1,Salman Khalid Ahmed11,Kousar Yasmeen11, Atiq-Ur-Rahman22 and Syed Intasar Husain Taqvi3

11Department of Chemistry, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Sciences andTechnology,Karachi, Pakistan

22Section, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Karachi-75280, Pakistan33Department of Pharmacology, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Sciences and

Technology, Karachi, Pakistan.

Abstract

Aegle marmelos Linn. known as Bael or Bilva belongs to the familyRutaceae has been widely used in indigenous systems of Indian medicinedue to its various medicinal properties and commonly found in Indo-Paksubcontinent. The most valuable and consumable part of the tree is fruit.It has different therapeutic values at different stages of ripening. Thefull ripe fruit is thought to be good for heart and brain in addition toother therapeutic uses. In Ayurvedha, the ripe fruit has been used forchronic diarrhea and dysentery, as a tonic for the heart and brain. Avariety of chemical constituents from different class of compounds suchas flavonoids,Aegle marmelos Linn. known as Bael or Bilva belongs tothe family Rutaceae has been widely used in indigenous systems of Indianmedicine due to its various medicinal properties and commonly found inIndo-Pak subcontinent. The most valuable and consumable part of thetree is fruit. It has different therapeutic values at different stages of ripen-ing. The full ripe fruit is thought to be good for heart and brain in additionto other therapeutic uses. In Ayurvedha, the ripe fruit has been used forchronic diarrhea and dysentery, as a tonic for the heart and brain. Avariety of chemical constituents from different class of compounds such asflavonoids coumarins, alkaloid, steroid, terpenoid, saponins, tannins, car-diac glycosides, amino acid and carbohydrates have been reported fromthis plant. Since they possess a wide range of pharmacological activi-ties, bioactivity guided chemical studies may yield the relation betweenthe pure compounds and defined biological activities. Present study re-vealed the bioassay guided isolation of cardiovascular active metabolitesfrom the methanolic extract of A. marmelos fruits. To get the activechemical constituents, extract was fractionated from non-polar to po-lar fraction by using hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and methanol. Thebutanol soluble fractions (AMFMBut) showed the stimulant cardiovas-cular activity. The hexane ethyl acetate soluble sub-fraction (AMFM-ButHEA) was showed potent stimulant effect while butanol-methanolsoluble sub-fraction (AMFMButM) found to be moderate stimulant prop-erty. AMFMButHEA led to the isolation of coumarins derivative through



high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and was identified asmarmelosin (1). Butanol insoluble matter (white crystal) was identifiedas citric acid anhydride (2); the first record from this plant. To elucidatethe structure of pure compounds extensive spectral technique UV, IR,Mass and 1D and 2D-NMR (COSY-45o, NOESY, HMBC and HMQC)were used. The cardiovascular activity of extracts and pure compoundswas determined by using isolated working male Wistar rat heart.



Environmental effects of heavy metal Cr(VI)can be removed by using Linum usitatissimum

Asma Dilshad, Benish Ahmed and Humera Anwer

Department of Chemistry, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Sciences andTechnology, Karachi, Pakistan

Abstract

Many different heavy metals give hazardous effect on environment be-cause excess amount of anything than actual can cause severe and toxiceffect. Heavy metals are responsible to cause many problems in environ-ment which ultimately produce adverse effect on human beings or otherliving organisms. Heavy metals may enter into human body by ingestionof food and water, by inhalation or through skin absorption. Heavy met-als can easily accumulate in soil, crops and subsequently enter into thefood chain by edible plants absorption which ultimately causes severaldiseases in humans. Chromium is one of the heavy metal shows differentoxidation states but among all Cr(VI) is considered to be a carcinogen. Inthe present study the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) was studied by a herbLinseed or flax seed (Linum usitatissimum) use as an adsorbent, under theoptimized condition of concentration of Cr(VI) and amount of adsorbent.Percent adsorption of Linseed as a function of adsorbent and adsorbatewere estimated. The adsorption data were applied on Langmuir, Fre-undlich, DKR, Halsey, Temkin,Harkin-jura, Redlich-peterson adsorptionisothermequations



Asymmetric Synthesis of Aryl BenzylSulfoxides, and Synthesis of Phenylazonapthols

Ayesha Rizwan, Saima Kiran, Syed Majid Khalil and Syed Tahir Ali


Abstract

Enantiopure sulfoxides are widely used in asymmetric synthesis. Reac-tions of sulfoxide-stabilised carbanions with several classes of electrophilegive excellent control of configuration at the newly formed stereogenic cen-tres.1 Benzyl sulfoxides (1-3), which have been used for stereoselective syn-thesis of various bioactive lignans,2 could be prepared in a good yield andenantioselectivities using tert-butyl hydroperoxides (t-BuOOH) as oxidantin the presence of titanium catalyst (Ti(Oi-Pr)4) and (R,R)-hydrobenzoinas chiral ligand.3 Enantiopure sulfoxides are widely used in asymmetricsynthesis. Reactions of sulfoxide-stabilised carbanions with several classesof electrophile give excellent control of configuration at the newly formedstereogenic centres.1 Benzyl sulfoxides (1-3), which have been used forstereoselective synthesis of various bioactive lignans,2 could be preparedin a good yield and enantioselectivities using tert-butyl hydroperoxides (t-BuOOH) as oxidant in the presence of titanium catalyst (Ti(Oi-Pr)4) and(R,R)-hydrobenzoin as chiral ligand.Phenylazonaphthols and their Schiffbase analogues are industrially valuable compounds because of their appli-cations as dyes. They have been known to exhibit keto-enol (azo-hydrazo)tautomerism with significant effects on their material properties.4 To em-ploy these dyes as potential substances, the basic knowledge about protontransfer and hydrogen bonding is required. We have achieved synthesis ofsome simple azo dyes using standard diazotization reactions.5 Later, studyof KT values of dyes formed will help to assign their correct tautomericstructures in different conditions.Phenylazonaphthols and their Schiff baseanalogues are industrially valuable compounds because of their applica-tions as dyes. They have been known to exhibit keto-enol (azo-hydrazo)tautomerism with significant effects on their material properties.4 To em-ploy these dyes as potential substances, the basic knowledge about protontransfer and hydrogen bonding is required. We have achieved synthesis ofsome simple azo dyes using standard diazotization reactions.5 Later, studyof KT values of dyes formed will help to assign their correct tautomericstructures in different conditions.



Adsorption of Chromium(Vl) on Local grass

Bushra Iqbal, Humera Anwer

Department of Chemistry,Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science andTechnology ,Karachi,Pakistan

Abstract

The accumulation of chromium(Vl) adsorption by Cynodon dacty-lon was investigated in this study by using UV spectroscopy. The re-sult obtained from this study show that the highest accumulation ofchromium(Vl) in Cynodon dactylon. ChromiumVl is toxic as compare toanother form of chromium but it is very useful in industries. Thih metalwas determine by using different method such as Change in distinct pa-rameter i.e Adsorbate, Adsorbent, pH, Time intervals, Temperature havebeen determine.



Adsorption studies of some Heavy metal ions(Fe(II), Mn(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II)) onHyoscyamus niger (Khurasani Ajwain)

Darakhshan Ara1, Humera Anwer Hussain1, and Muhammad AbbasBhutto2


2Pakistan Agricultural and Research Center, Karachi

Abstract

Medicinal herbs are the oldest medicines that have been used by themankind since time immemorial. The significance of these herbs is de-scribed in the ancient traditional medicinal scripture Ayurveda also. Themedicinal herbs are rich in several biologically active chemical ingredientsthat helps them to show various therapeutic properties or exert beneficialpharmacological effects required for the treatment of several diseases. Inaddition to that, these herbs act as therapeutic agents as well as raw ma-terials for the manufacture of various traditional and modern medicines.Hyoscyamus niger (Khurasani Ajwain) is one of the medicinal herb andit is famous for anti-inflammatory, analgesic and sedative effect the partused are leaves, flower and seeds. In this research work removal of heavymetal ions i.e. Fe+2,Mn+2,Cu+2 and Zn+2 from dilute aqueous solu-tion by using Khurasani Ajwain a adsorbent is studied. All experimentalwork done by reliable spectrophotometric technique that is atomic absorp-tion spectrophotometer. Adsorption process is usually studied throughgraphs, known as adsorption isotherm, so different adsorption isothermswere studied to verify adsorption process. Chemical kinetics of adorptionwas also determined.



Biosorption of Fluoride Ion from AqueousSolution by Fungal Biomass

Farah Amin, Farah N.Talpur, Aamna Balouch and Muhammad Ali Surhio

National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh,Jamshoro, Pakistan

Abstract

Fluoride usually enter in the environment through water, food, indus-trial exposure, drugs, cosmetics, etc., however, drinking water is the ma-jor source (75%) of daily intake. A fluoride ion is attracted by positivelycharged calcium in teeth and bones due to its strong electronegativity,which results in dental, skeletal, and non-skeletal forms of fluorosis. Per-missible limit of fluoride in drinking water is ¡1.5 mg/L as per WHO guide-lines. In present study the biosorption ability of fungal biomass for theremoval of fluoride ion from aqueous solution has been investigated. Thedried biomass of Pleurotus eryngii is tested due to its ease of availability,cost effectiveness, reusability, and environment friendly properties. Batchsorptive defluoridation method was carried out at lower pH as a function ofsorbate concentration, sorbent dose, volume of sorbate, agitation speed,temperature, and contact time. The equilibrium adsorption isotherms,sorption kinetics, and thermodynamic parameters of fluoride on Pleuro-tus eryngii were investigated at optimized conditions. Field studies werecarried out with the fluoride containing water samples collected from afluoride-endemic area in order to test the suitability of the sorbent at fieldconditions. Eventually, this fungal biomass is recommended as a suitableand low cost adsorbent to reduce fluoride into standard permissible limit.



Thymol, An active constituent of Nigella Sativa,could reduce toxicity of some trace metals(Fe(III),Cr(VI),Cu(II),V(IV) and Co(II)).

Farah Kishwar, Qamar-Ul-Haq and Talat Mehmood


Abstract

The objective of the present research is to develop an herbal method toreduce the toxicities caused by high levels of some essential trace elementsin the body. Nigella sativa (NS) seeds are well known for their numerousbiological and pharmacological properties, which are mainly due to itsactive constituents. According to several research studies thymol is one ofthe principal component of NS. In present research work complexation ofthymol with some essential trace metals i.e; Fe (III), Cr (VI), Cu (II), V(IV) and Co (II) has been studied using pH-metry. It was observed frompH plots of ligand and complexes that thymol formed complexes with allmetals successfully. Hence it could be used as chelating agent in case oftoxicity caused by above mentioned metals. Species distribution curvesshowed the maximum formation of ML (1:1) complex species of thymolwith Fe (III), Cr (VI), Cu (II), V (IV) and Co (II) within pH 3.00-5.00.Whereas maximum ML2 (1:2) complex specie formation seems to occurwithin pH 6.50-11.00. pKa of the thymol was found to be 9.00±1



Isolation of chemical constituents ofAcnathopegrus Berda

Ghazala Kanwal, Javaria Urooj, Rasheeda Khatoon, Shazia Summer andNajma Rasool

Department of Chemistry, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan

Abstract

Natural products are valuable source of important chemical constituentsfor the benefits of human beings. Among the many sources of naturalproducts, fishes are one of them but the reported work available on theisolation of chemical constituents of fishes are very little, especially there isno work available on the specie Acanthopegrus Berda, hence it is supposeto be a novel work.



A Novel, Facile and Highly Efficient ApproachTowards the Green Synthesis of Schiff Bases and

Their Biological Insights

Ghulam Fareed,1, Muhammad Ali Versiani2 2, Nighat Afza1, Nazia Fareed 2,Shazia Yasmeen1 2, Muhammad Aijaz Anwar 2 and Mahboob Ali Kalhoro1 2

1 Pharmaceutical Research Center, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Karachi,Sindh, Pakistan.

2 Department of Chemistry, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Sciences andTechnology, Karachi, Pakistan

Abstract

A new method has been developed for the synthesis of novel Schiffbases containing anthraquinone moiety using dodecatungstosilicic acid /P2O5 under solvent free conditions at room temperature. The reactionwas completed in 1-3 minutes with excellent yields. This method wasfound to be more efficient, easy and hazardous free for the synthesis ofazomethines. The development of these type of methadologies in syntheticchemistry may contribute to green chemistry. The structures of synthe-sized novel Schiff bases was elucidated using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, LCMS,FTIR and CHN analysis. Moreover, all the compounds were screened forin vivo analgesic, in vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activities.



Significant Applications of ElectrochemicalTechnique

Haji Muhammad, Iftikhar Ahmad Tahiri, Muhammad Ali Versiani, KousarYasmeen, and Obaid Khaliq

Department of Chemistry Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science andTechnology, Karachi, Pakistan

Abstract

Cyclic voltammetry an electrochemical technique can be used, not onlyto generate stable free radicals but also simultaneously to study the chem-ical coupled reactions. Thermodynamics and kinetics study of the redoxprocesses Exploration of mechanism of heterogeneous and homogeneouschemical reactions. Iodine atom (I.) and Superoxide (O−

2 .) free radicalshave been generated in present work through the cyclic run of potassiumiodide (aqueous medium) and tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (acetoni-trile) respectively. The above mentioned free radicals diagnosed by cyclicvoltammetric free radical criteria.



Medicinal herbs can be easily checked forcontamination using SEM (scanning electronmicroscopy) and DPASV (differential pulse

anodic stripping voltammetry)

Humera Anwer1, Sassi Peerzada1, Sarwat Ayoub1, Yousra Aslam1,Abdul-Rauf2 and Sirraj-ud-din2

1 Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi-Pakistan2National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh,

Jamshoro , Pakistan

Abstract

Present research comprise on simultaneous analysis of Zn, Cd, Pband Cu in locally available herbs, Zingiber officinale roscae, TerminaliaChebula and Boswellia serrata. These metals were determined by us-ing differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV), at hang-ing mercury drop electrode (HMDE) in digested samples of these herbs.Sodium acetate buffer of pH 5 was used as supporting electrolyte. Theamount of Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu in these herbs were found to be in therange of 0.0094 -1.4102, 0.0012-0.776, 0.0031-0.7586, and 0.001-0.7944ppm respectively. The maximum tolerance limits of these metals are 8-11mg/day, 7ppm, 0.025-0.05ppm and 0.9mg/day respectively.Before per-forming DPASV presence of these metals and ashes were confirmed byusing semi-micro qualitative analysis and scanning electron micrography(SEM). Moisture content and Ash content of these herbs were also an-layzed.



Nitration of Salicylic Acid by means of HNO3/ACOH under mild conditions

Kanwal Siddique, Shumila Jawaid and Sajid Jahangir

Department of Chemistry, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Sciences andTechnology,Karachi, Pakistan

Abstract

Nitration is the most common reaction carried out at industrial scale.Nitrated products are used directly as intermediate in dyes, explosive,pesticides and the pharmaceutical industry. The electrophilic substitutionreaction (nitration) in aromatic compounds is usually carried out withconcentrated H2SO4/HNOS. These reaction conditions are very extremeand some poisonous gasses are produced under these conditions. Thenitration of salicylic acid by means of HNO3/ACOH [1] can be carried outunder mild condition without any hazards and the production of poisonousgas (Nitrogen dioxide). Nitration by this process has been carried out atroom temperature and the reaction was completed in 20 minutes with theformation of 5-Nitro salicylic acid as major product.



Multi-Attribute Modeling of Bottled DrinkingWater to Access the Consumer Satisfaction

Induced by Composition and SensorialCharacteristics

Kousar Yasmeen, Atta-ur-Rehman, Iftikhar Saeed, Muhammad Ali Versianiand Syed Tahir Ali

Department of Chemistry, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science andTechnology, Karachi, Pakistan

Abstract

An attempt has been made to correlate the drinking water physio-chemical characteristics and their sensorial implications with consumerssatisfaction and preferences. An interrelationship between consumptionpatterns and product development has also been studied. By using multi-variant statistical and conjoint analysis; the demographic, psychologicaland personal behavior has been magnified to understand the marketingcritics behind an incremented usage of bottled water. This research re-veals that sensorial acceptability is synergistically influenced by complexphysiochemical composition. Furthermore; population of low income percapitas region have been given priority to health concern over taste as in areason regarding bottled water usage. Moreover; willing to pay behaviorfound differed by gender basis, they often display an identical mindsetwhile purchasing bottled water throughout several conditions in spite ofdemographic variables. Managerial implications and suggestions for bothbottled water producers and local water distributors for further advance-ment have been discussed.



Determination of Heavy Metals Pollution inFish Species of Arabian Sea: Commercially

Available Fish Species in Karachi

Kousar Yasmeen, Namra A. Khan, Nazish Kausar, Sajid Jahangir, IftikharAhmed Tahiri, Atta-ur-Rehman and Iftikhar Saeed


Abstract

This research reports an environmental pollution monitoring study toestimate pollution caused by the trace metals in ten fish species of ArabianSea origin, commercially available in Karachi markets. Concentration ofheavy metals such as iron, copper, cadmium and lead were determinedby flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The concentration ofmetals were determined in the heart, skin and fillet of fish species col-lected from Karachi markets such as Epinephelus chlorostigma, Pampusargenteus, Scomberomorus commerson, Rachycentron canadum, Labeorohita, Johnius belangerii, Trachinotus blochii, Lutjanus argentimacula-tus, Acanthopagrus berda and Pomadsys olivaceum. Various fish speciescontained different concentration of metals in different parts. The rangesfor the elements analyzed (mg.kg-1 dry weight) are: Cd (0.00-0.041), Cu(0.006-0.189), Fe (0.413- 4.952) and Pb (0.00-0.569). Cadmium, copperand iron levels were below the tolerable limits while concentration of leadin the skins of Epinephelus chlorostigma, Scomberomorus commerson,Johnius belangerii, Lutjanus argentimaculatus, Acanthopagrus berda; fil-lets of Epinephelus chlorostigma, Johnius belangerii and in the heart ofJohnius belangerii exceeded the recommended limits. The results of thisstudy indicate that some fish species have high levels of heavy metalswhich may affect human health.



Synthesis of paracetamol derived silvernanoparticles and their application in catalysis

Masood Hussain1 Syed Tufail Hussain Sherazi1, Sirajuddin1, MohammadRaza Shah2

1National centre of excellence in analytical chemistry, Sindh UniversityJamshoro, Pakistan

2International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, HEJ ResearchInstitute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Pakistan

Abstract

The instant formation of paracetamol derived AgNPs was analyzed byvisual observation and UVvisible spectrophotometer. In order to avoidthe agglomeration.TX-100 was used as a stabilizing agent. Experimentalvariables such as Precursor salt concentration, solution pH and temper-ature were studied systematically; further the effect of pH on the forma-tion of AgNPs was also studied. The synthesized paracetamol derivedAg NPs were characterized by several techniques such as UVVis spec-troscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) Spectrophotometry, X-raydiffractometry (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and AtomicForce Microscopy (AFM). The controlled shape AgNPs were applied forultra-fast catalytic reduction of different colorful Dyes, Each paraceta-mol capped AgNPs exhibited fast catalytic activity for the reduction ofMethylene Blue (MB) and Eosin B (EB) dyes individually as well as col-lectively. However, complete reduction of dye(s) was carried out withinshort interval of time.



Spectrophotometric Determination of Iron inDifferent Varieties of Fresh Beans and

Comparison between Dry and Fresh Chick Peas

Muhammad Kaleem Khan and Iffat Abdul Tawab Khan

Department of Chemistry Federal Urdu University of Arts Science andTechnology, Karachi

Abstract

Beans are major source of iron and iron is an essential element forhuman body. In present study different types of fresh beans like dry andfresh chick peas, cluster beans, hyacinth beans and peas are selected toanalyze. Results show that iron is more in fresh beans as compared tothe dry beans but it also affected by environmental contamination. 1,10orthophenanthroline method of spectrophotometry is used and samplepreparation is followed by AOAC method. Iron-opt method is a sensitive,economical and more reliable method.



Algae fuels are best and safe replacement ofFossil fuels

Muhammad Shoukat Hussain , Abdul Majid Khan


Abstract

Main source of global warming is the emission of toxic gases from thecombustion of fossil fuels. There are a lot of adverse affects and negativeoutcomes of extensive use of fossil fuels in different parts of our life. Weare facing a lot destructive outcomes of fossil fuels like biodiversity, globalwarming, oil spill, human-illness, acid rain, land degradation and vari-ous types of pollution. Health of people is also on risk, a lot of diseasesare produce due to toxic effects of fossil fuels. There are an unaffordablebudget deficits put a very bad effect on economics of under-developingcountry.Deposits of oil all over the world are going to an end so there isan urgent and vital alternative need for a clean, healthy and economi-cally stable alternative energy source. Algae is very suitable biomass forproduction of biofuels in future because it fastest growing plants. Algaecontain much more energy per unit of weight. Algae produce 30-100 timesmore oil per acre than corn and soybeans beside of these fuels have nonitrogen and sulfur. Algae biofuel is non-toxic and highly biodegradable.Algae fuels are natural sink of CO2, Algae plants could remove the CO2from transport and carbon producing plant they create and use thoseemissions to help grow the algae. Algae actually need the CO2 for theprocess of photosynthesis.



Phytochemical studies on Melilotus Alba(Medikus)

Najma Rasool Mughal1, Saima Iqbal1, Rasheeda Khatoon1, Samar Arif2,Syeda Saima Fatima2

1Department of Chemistry, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan2 International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H.E.J Research

Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi

Abstract

Extract of whole plant of Melilotus Alba Medikus will be subjectedto different chromatographic for the isolation of natural products. Theisolated compounds will be characterized on the basis of spectroscopy.Pakistan studies in the chemical constituents of Melilotus Alba, medicinalplant for providing basis therapeutic study directed towards the synthesisof drugs model led on chemical structure of natural product. Melilotus isa genus for many species of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. Va-riety of compounds extracted from different species has shown importantmedicinal applications.



Phytochemical studies on Ferula Balochistanica

Najma Rasool Mughal1, Syeda Saima Fatima2, Nadia Nadeem2, SamarArif2 and Rasheeda Khatoon2

1Department of Chemistry, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan2International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H.E.J Research

Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi

Abstract

Natural products have been used as drugs for thousands of years.Mostly the natural compounds having medicinal importance are derivedfrom plants, animals and marine organisms. Ferula Balochistanica hasbeen selected for research work because no previous literature is availableon this species: it is expected to be a novel experiment that will help toset some new trends. Some of the work is carried out which is showingexcellent results



Study of Complexation of(-)-3-(3.4-dihydroxyphenyl)-L- alanine and

analogues with bioactive metals

Nasreen Fatima , Tehmina Fiaz and Syed Zafar Abbas Zaidi

Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan

Abstract

The accumulation of metals in brain tissue has frequently been asso-ciated with neurological disorders. Alzheimer’s disease is linked to Alu-minum, Wilson’s disease to Copper and Parkinson’s disease to Iron. Itis also found that interaction of iron to dopamine could result in overaccumulation of iron which may lead to several hazardous effects. Lev-odopa(LD), Carbidopa(CD) and Methyldopa(MD) are dopamine analogspresent in antiparkinsonian (neurodisorder) drugs. Dopamine containscatecholic functional group due to which it is liable to interact with sub-stances present in the physiological system. Iron which has significant rolein the biological system and is required for normal brain and nerve func-tion through its involvement in cellular metabolism is assumed to bindthrough catecholic site of the molecules and alter the efficiency of ad-ministered drug. The Chelation of Bio-Essential Metal Iron and Copperwith Levodopa and its analogs was studied at 302C. Fe2+ formed intensecolor complex with these molecules with an absorbance maxima in visi-ble region. A distinct peak of Fe+2-CD complex at 364nm was observedwhile that of Fe+2-LD and Fe+2-MD are observed at 730 nm. WhereasCu+2 showed absorbance maxima at 525nm, Cu+2-LD and Cu+2-MDdid not show any significant absorbance in visible region so its interactionis studied using potentiometric technique. Potentiometric studies pro-vided evidence for chelation of dopamine molecules with Fe2+ and Cu2+.Stoichiometry of Fe(II) with these dopamine analogs has been exploredwhich shows that Fe(II) forms a 1:3 complex with levodopa and methyldopa while a 1:2 complex is found in case of carbidopa. An ML2 complexis formed in case of Cu+2-CD



Fabrication of Small L-Threonine Capped NickelNanoparticles and Their Catalytic Application

Nazar Hussain Kalwar1, Sirajuddin1 , Syed Tufail Hussain Sherazi1, KeithRichard Hallam2, Razium Ali Soomro1

1 National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh,Jamshoro, Pakistan,

2 Interface Analysis Centre, University of Bristol,Bristol, United Kingdom

Abstract

A facile and green seed mediated growth approach for fabrication ofwell dispersed L-threonine derived nickel nanoparticles (Ni NPs) in anaqueous medium via a modified borohydride reduction method is de-scribed. L-threonine molecules served to organize the nanoscale com-posites in the form of well dispersed Ni NPs. The basic pH 8.5 was foundto favor the formation of spherical and well dispersed Ni NPs as shown intransmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs. Freshly preparedNi NPs possess the nanoscale dimension of 1.68 - 5.06nm, as determinedfrom atomic force microscopy (AFM) and TEM data. The Ni NPs thusprepared were used for their catalytic potential in the reduction of congored (CR) dye selected as a model reagent. The results revealed negligi-ble reduction of dye in the absence of Ni NPs. Conversely the additionof only 0.2mg Ni NPs produced 100% reduction/degradation efficiency.The used Ni NPs were recovered and reutilized several times for reducingCR without any loss of activity. The current findings are equally ex-tendable for safeguarding the aquatic environment against the pollutioncaused by other dyes via a facile, highly economical, rapid and efficientreduction/degradation method based on the catalytic potential of Ni NPs.



Kinetic study of Oxidation of Acridine Orangewith Potassium Chlorate at low pH

Noshab Qamar1, Rafia Azmat2, Raheela Naz2, Qurat-ul-ain Zaheer1 andBisma Hussain1

1Department of Chemistry, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan2Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan

Abstract

A detailed investigation on kinetics of oxidation of Acridine Orange3, 6-Acridinediamine by Potassium Chlorate has been carried out spec-trophotometrically in acidic medium. The reaction was followed by thechange in optical density of reaction mixture at max 491 nm. The effectof different reaction parameters such as AO+ concentration, PotassiumChlorate concentration, Potassium Nitrate concentration, Sulfuric Acidconcentration on the rate of oxidation was studied. The experimental re-sults indicated that the effect of acid on oxidation is remarkable at pH 2.5.The order of reaction with respect to dye is inverse unity. With respectto oxidizing agent the order is inverse fractional. The kinetic salt effectof added salt for the determination of reactive specie in rate determiningstep showed that the rate of reaction is directly related with the elevatedconcentrations of salt; suggest that two like charged species are involvedin rate determining step. The rate constants were displayed under differ-ent concentrations. The reaction was studied at different temperatures tofind out the activation parameters that show the reaction is endothermic,non-spontaneous but the reverse process could be spontaneous.



Synthesis of air stable copper nanoparticles andtheir use in catalysis

Razium Ali Soomro 1, Syed Tufail Hussain Sherazi1, Sirajuddin1, KeithRichard Hallam2

1National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh,Jamshoro, Pakistan

2Interface Analysis Centre, School of Physics, University of Bristol, Bristol,United Kingdom

Abstract

Herein we report synthesis of stable and air resistant copper nanopar-ticles (Cu NPs) in an aqueous phase using sodium borohydride as a re-ducing agent via a chemical reduction method. The hydrosol is resistantto oxidation by atmospheric oxygen for several days. The air durabil-ity found, is due to capping of anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) and the ascorbic acid used as antioxidant. The as prepared CuNPs were characterized using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy,which showed surface plasmon resonance phenomenon can be controlledduring synthesis by varying the reaction time, pH, concentration of cop-per sulfate and the surfactant (i.e. SDS). The interaction between theSDS and prepared NPs was studied using fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Atomicforce microscopy (AFM) contributed towards the size and morphologicalstudy of Cu NPs. The average size of the Cu NPs was found to be 15nm in diameter with average height of 14 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD)analysis was carried out to check phase purity and crystal structure ofthe synthesized NPs. The Cu NPs were also employed as a heterogeneous(recyclable) catalyst for reductive degradation of organic dye. The CuNPs showed excellent catalytic activity in reductive degradation of eosinB (E.B) dye and maintained their catalytic activity when reused multipletimes. The degradation rate was found to follow first order reaction kinet-ics with reaction rate of eosin B (E.B) degradation enhanced by 30 timesusing Cu NPs compared with the control test. Copper was found to beparticularly attractive as a catalyst, since it is much economic comparedto other noble metal; so the copper nanoparticles are expected to play animperative role in the fields of catalysis and environmental remediation.



Physicochemical and Bacteriological Analysis ofDrinking Water Samples (ground and tap)collected from Different Areas of Pakistan

Rumaisa Abdul Rashid, Iffat Abdul Tawab Khan, Iqra Saleem

Department of Chemistry,Federal Urdu University of Arts Science andTechnology, Karachi.

Abstract

Water is an essential element for our survival. Water is a vital partof many metabolic processes within the body. Significant quantities ofwater are used during the digestion of food. About seventy two percentof the fat free mass of the human body is made of water. In present studyphysicochemical and bacteriological analyses carried out on drinking wa-ter samples (ground and tap) collected from different areas of Pakistan.Physicochemical analysis includes different parameters like total dissolvedsolids (TDS), pH, acidity, total cation concentration with respect to cal-cium ion, total metal ion concentration, conductivity, chloride ion con-centration are estimated. Bacteriological analysis of all samples is carriedout by standard plate count method. Overall data show that most of theparameters are found to be in the satisfactory range but some parametersin some samples are shown to be deviate from recommended range.



Tributyltin (TBT) and Sexual abnormality ingastropods

Safia Hassan1 , Ghazala Siddiqui1 ,Yanyan Zhao2, Xinhong Wang2 , SheikhAbdul Saeed3 and Mehwish Sagheer3

1Centre of Excellence in Marine Biology, University of Karachi, Karachi,Pakistan

2State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of theEnvironment and ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

3Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Kahn UniversityHospital, Karachi

Abstract

Tributyltin (TBT) is an organotin compound used in antifouling paints.When TBT is released from antifouling paints, it accumulates in aquaticorganisms. In gastropods this compound causes superimposition of malesexual characters in female gastropods and this phenomenon is commonlyknown as imposex. Present study indicates that the marine gastropodThais bufo is sensitive to TBT and its degradative products such as DBT(dibutyltins) and MBT (monobutyltins) as indicated by high body burdenof these compounds in their tissues. Moreover high level of free testos-terone in imposex females has been observed which shows that the bio-chemical changes may also occur due to endocrine disruptive effect causedby TBT.



Synthetic Approach From A DifferentProspective An Initiative Towards Local API

Synthesis

Salma Nazir, Nazia Rasheed and Sajid Jahangir


Abstract

Programming of overcome the problem of high import cost amount andchallenges that has been facing during supply of APIs (Active pharma-ceutical Ingredient), motivated us towards the local development of API.Small scale synthesis i.e. some aromatic oxime by sonication and withoutsonicative methods, their derivatives such as amide through Backmannrearrangement, benzhydroxamic acid and selective benzoylation was pre-ceded to familiar with synthesis. Drive towards local development of APIssynthesis, first an antiepileptic drug Phenytoin (AEDs) was synthesizedwith two step synthesis. Basically this commonly potent 3rd generationdrug is imidazolidine Dione ring having great resemblance to Barbitu-rates with only the difference of 5-membered ring which is responsible toinhibit the abnormal growing of electric flow to overcome the seizure disor-der. Their designing, complete conversion and purification was confirmedby different techniques, that will be presented in this poster presentation.



Bioactive triterpenoids from the pods ofAdenium obesum

Salman Khalid1, Muhammad Ali Versiani1, Ambreen Ikram1 and ShaheenFaizi2


2HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical andBiological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan

Abstract

Triterpenoids are very common in various plants they possesses largenumber of biological activities such as hepatoprotective, anti-fungal, anti-fertility, anti-carcinogenic, anti inflammatory, inhibition of mutagenesisin bacteria, anti-tumor, anti-hyper lipidemic effect, anti ulcer effect, antimicrobial effect. Oleanolic acid (1) and ursolic acid (2) are effective inprotecting against chemically induced liver injury in laboratory animals.Former triterpenoid has been marketed in China as an oral drug for hu-man liver disorders. The mechanism of hepatoprotection by these twocompounds may involve the inhibition of toxicant activation and the en-hancement of the body defense systems. Recently, both compounds havebeen noted for their antitumor-promotion effects, which are stimulatingadditional research in this field. They both are relatively non-toxic, andalso have been used in cosmetics and health products. Betulinic acid (3)showed anti HIV, anti cancer, anti inflammatory, anti malarial and antineociceptive effect. Dihydroillfonic (4) showed human epidermoid carci-noma.



Synthesis, enzyme inhibition and anticancerinvestigation of unsymmetrical 1,3-disubstituted

ureas

Sana Mustafa1 and Shahnaz Perveen2

1Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan2PCSIR, Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Pakistan

Abstract

In this research work seventeen urea derivatives, including five newderivatives N-mesityl-N’-(3-methylphenyl)urea (2), N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-N’-(3-methylphenyl)urea (4), N-mesityl-N’-(4-methylphenyl)urea (6), N-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-N’-(3-methylphenyl)urea (9) and N-(2-methylphenyl)-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinecarboxamide (15) have synthesized by reacting ortho,meta and para tolyl isocyanate with primary and secondary amines bypreviously reported method. We exhibited all series (1-17) to urease,-glucuronidase and snake venom phosphodiesterase enzyme inhibition as-says. The ranges of percent inhibition for urease, -glucuronidase andphosphodiesterase enzymes were 0.3-45.3, 4.9-44.9 and 1.2-46.4 percentrespectively. Moreover, the effect of these compounds on prostate cancercell lines was also observed. The new compound N-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-N’-(3-methylphenyl)urea (9) showed in vitro anticancer activity withIC50 value of 78.28 1.2 M. All the compounds were characterized by stateof art spectroscopic techniques



Phytochemical Screening of VolatileConstituents from Aerial parts of Murraya

Paniculata

Shazia Shah1, Sumayya Saied1, Azhar Mahmood2 and Sana Mustafa3

1Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi Pakistan.2PNEC National University of Sciences and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan.3Department of Chemistry, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and

Technology, Karachi, Pakistan.

Abstract

The volatile components of the aerial parts of Murraya paniculata havebeen analyzed by GC and GC-MS, revealing the presence of forty sevencompounds. Identifications were made by their respective characteristicmass fragmentation pattern, with the help of NIST mass spectral searchprogram and GC-MS Library. These identities were further authenticatedby comparison of their calculated Kovats retention indices (RI) with thosecited in literature.



Nafion stabilized ibuprofengold nanostructuresmodified screen printed electrode as arsenic(III)

sensor

S. H. Syeda, Sirajuddin

National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh,Jamshoro, Pakistan

Abstract

Time dependant synthesis of ibuprofen derived gold nanoflowers/nanotructures(Ibu-AuPNFs/Ibu-AuNSs) was carried out via heating the mixture ofibuprofen and gold chloride (HAuCl4) at constant temperature. Charac-terization studies revealed the interaction of gold nanoparticles (AuNps)with ibuprofen and the changes in their size and shape. The productformed at heating time of 1, 10, 20 and 30 min was examined for arsenic(As(III)) sensing after adsorption at screen printed electrode (SPE) usingcyclic voltammetry (CV) as determining mode. The product formed at 10min heating performed the best results. The stability of the Ibu-AuNSs atelectrode was greatly modified by applying nafion as binder and stabiliz-ing agent. A linear calibration plot was observed for As(III) in the rangeof 0.11800 ppb with lower detection limit (LDL) of 0.018 ppb and regres-sion coefficient (r) of 0.9998 under optimized conditions. The sensor washighly reproducible with relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.9% for n= 15 and proved very selective for As(III) with no appreciable interferencein the presence of various ions. The sensor was successfully employed forAs(III) monitoring in various types of water samples and environmentallyfriendly.



Wormicidal Action of Crude Extracts ofCamellia sinensis (Ilam-Nepal Tea), A New

Horizon in Therapeutics

Sikandar Khan Sherwani 1 , Sandaleen Kanwal 1 , Muhammad Shoaib 1,Shaista Urooj

1 and Shahana U. Kazmi2

1 Department of Microbiology, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science andTechnology, Karachi, Pakistan.

2 Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan

Abstract

Camellia sinensis -Ilam-Nepal Tea, a popular aromatic plant which iscommonly used as a substitute of green tea has a tremendous phytomedic-inal potential. Like other tea plants it also having antimicrobial as well asantiprotozoal potential. Main objective of the present study was to findout the anthelmintic potential of aqueous extract and methanolic extractsof Camellia sinensis -Ilam-Nepal Tea by using a model worm i.e. Phere-tima posthuma (earthworm). In this bioassay, three different concentra-tions i.e. 25, 50 and 1000 mg/ml of above mentioned extracts were testedin bioassay by noting time of paralysis and time of death of worms in min-utes. Piperazine citrate was used as a standard reference compound alongwith normal saline as control in the same concentrations. The results in-dicated that lemon grass crude extract possessed anthelmintic activity indose dependent manner.



In vitro Thrombolytic Potential of CrudeExtracts of Camellia sinensis (Ilam-Nepal Tea):

A New Hope for Atherothrombotic diseases

Sikandar Khan Sherwani1, Shaista Urooj1, Muhammad Shoaib 1,Sandaleen Kanwal 2 and Shahana U. Kazmi 2

1 Department of Microbiology, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science andTechnology, Karachi, Pakistan.

2 Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan

Abstract

Investigation of thrombolytic activity of crude extracts of Camelliasinensis (Ilam Tea) of Nepali origin using in-vitro thrombolytic modelwhich is very simple, rapid and easy to do method. Both aqueous crudeand methanolic extracts were studied however; the results of methanolicextract were more promising which exhibited maximum 96. 44% clot lysisas compared to aqueous one i.e. 84.34% at 800 g/ml concentration in 72hrs of incubation. Various concentrations of Leaf extract i.e. 200g/ml,400g/ml, 600ug/ml and 800g/ml were tested at different time intervalsincluding; 24hrs, 48hrs and 72hrs duration of incubation at 370 C for ob-serving maximum clot lysis. The result indicated that concentrations ofleaf extract enhanced the percentage of clot lysis in dose dependent man-ner. On the other hand, Streptokinase SK, a reference standard and waterwere used as a positive and negative control showed clot lysis maximum96.63% and 41.32% in 72 hrs of incubation respectively. From results, itcan be concluded that if further studies reveals the exact molecule fromIlaam tea diverse composition, an effective thrombolytic candidate can beachieved for the improvement of the patients suffering from atherothrom-botic diseases



Anti -head lice activity of Camillea sinensis(Green tea) extracts: A search for new

pediculocidal agent

Sikandar Khan Sherwani1, Tasveer Zehra Bukhari2, Omm-e-Hany3,Ziaullah 4 and Shahana U. Kazmi 5

1Department of Microbiology, Federal Urdu University-Karachi-Pakistan2Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahuddin Zakariya

University-Multan-Pakistan3Institute of Environmental Studies, University of Karachi-Pakistan

4 Drug Control Administration, MOH, KPK, Pakistan5 Department of Microbiology, Federal Urdu University-Karachi-Pakistan

Abstract

In the current era, the entire world is facing problem of head lice in-festation seriously; and in past decades pediculocidal drug resistance hasbeen keenly noticed. This has motivated scientists to carry out research inexploring novel anti-lice agents extracted from commonly used medicinalplants. The present study is also a preliminary attempt in which variousextracts (aqueous, ethanolic, and methanolic) of Camiellia sinensis (Greentea) were tested against the head louse Pediculus humanus capitis. A filterpaper diffusion method was done for finding out the potential pediculoci-dal and ovicidal activity of green tea. The results were promising andrevealed that both organic extracts showed wonderful anti-lice activityranging between 40.2percent and 85percent where as water extract showedhighly low pediculocidal effects. The both organic extract showed activityin dose dependent manner as starting killing from 60 minutes towards 18minutes extracts and were also successful in inhibiting nymph emergenceas compared to standard. The findings further provide courage to carryout comprehensive experiments to investigate the mode of action.



Can 7 memebered Nitrogen Rings N7 i.e.(N7HX)and 5 membered Boron Ring B5 i.e.

(B5HX)be stable:as 6 membered Carbon RingsC6 i.e. (C6HX) are Stable

Syeda Sadia Khatoonand Sajid Jahangir


Abstract

Nitrogen, member of group V-A, has a lone pair in every nitrogenouscompound except for its quaternary salts where it exists as an ion. In com-parison to Carbon C6 rings Nitrogen can form N7 rings perhaps with morestability as compare to C7 rings. N7 rings have to be electron rich andcan provide electrons for metal chelation results in the formation of newcatalysts for different chemical reactions. Boron being a member of III-Agroup is an electron deficit element. It can form B5 rings with a capacityof accepting electron. Therefore B5 type compounds can be coupled withelectron rich species to form coordinate complexes. In this poster presen-tation we will present the very little literature available on this topic aswell as will show the calculated parameters of these hypnotized N7 andB5 ring models



Simple and sensitive voltammetricdetermination of Nalbuphine hydrochloride

based on Tranexamic acid derived goldnanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode

Tayyaba Shaikh, Sirajuddin and Farah N Talpur

National Center Of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh,Jamshoro Sindh

Abstract

A rapid and sensitive method has been devised for the synthesis of goldnanoparticles incorporating tranexamic acid as reducing as well as cappingagent. Characterization of tranexamic acid derived gold nanoparticles wascarried out using UV-visible spectroscopy under the optimized conditionsof pH and concentration. Infrared characterization studies manifest theinteraction of the reducing agent with the nanoparticles. Surface morphol-ogy of the synthesized nanoparticles is investigated using Atomic forcemicroscopy. These tranexamic acid derived gold nanoparticles have beenintegrated to fabricate an electrochemical sensor for voltammetric deter-mination of Nalbuphine hydrochloride. Several variables such have beenoptimized for the proposed sensor



A Next Generation And Green Plastics

Wajiha Hashim, Aliya Mukhtar and Sana Mustafa


Abstract

Advances in science and technology have resulted in the speedy de-velopment of modern society, which is clearly indefensible because ofthe sprain it places on in progress resources. The energy and materialsneeded to uphold the present society are resulting primarily from non-renewable fossil resources, which will be worn-out at some point. Plasticsare one example of an important article of trade in the modern lifestyle.Whereas plastics are absolutely superior materials in terms of their ex-penses, process skill and functional properties, they are currently derivedfrom fossil resources and they are not readily assimilated by the vari-ous ecosystems upon dumping. The explore for biodegradable plasticsthat are derived from renewable resources has been unending since the1970s. Two of the most promising biobased plastics, i. e., polylactic acidand polyhydroxyalkanoates, have received much attention as potential al-ternatives to presented processes. This article will discuss the modernposition and sustainability of these two next generation biobased plasticsby taking into consideration the raw materials essential, as well as thepost-consumption effects of these materials on the environment. In ad-dition, important issues adjoining the development and sustainability ofbiobased and biodegradable plastics will be tinted.



Message of Appreciation

Members of organizing committe of 1st National Seminar-cum-Training Courseon Green Chemistry and Environmental Effects,Department of Chemistry,FUUASTappreciate dedicated effort and cooperation extended by the following membersin organizing this mega scientific event.

• NAYS

• ENFS

• Essa Labs

• Vice Chancellor Prof. Dr. Zafar Iqbal, FUUAST

• Chairperson and Staff members of Department of Chemistry, FUUAST

• Dr. Majid Mumtaz, University of Karachi

• Dr. Aftab Saeed, Hamdard University

• Dr. Sajid Jahangir, Department of Chemistry, FUUAST

• Dr. Raziuddin, Department of Mathematics, FUUAST

• Dr. Muhammad Sarim, RCET, Department of Computer Science,FUUAST



Index

Aftab Saeed, 8Ambreen Aziz, 11Ambreen Ikram, 10Amna Khatoon, 13Asma Dilshad, 14Ayesha Rizwan, 15

Bushra Iqbal, 16

Darakhshan Ara, 17

Farah Amin, 18Farah Kishwar, 19

Ghazala Kanwar, 20Ghulam Fareed, 21

Haji Muhammad, 22Humera Anwer, 23

Kanwal Siddique, 24Kousar Yasmeen, 25, 26

Majid Mumtaz, 9Masood Hussain, 27Muhammad Iqbal Bhanger, 7Muhammad Kaleem Khan, 28Muhammad Shoukat Hussain, 29

Najma Rasool Mughal, 30, 31Nasreen Fatima, 32Nazar Hussain Kalwar, 33Noshab Qamar, 34

Razium Ali Soomro, 35Rumaisa Abdul Rashid, 36

S. H. Syeda, 42Safia Hassan, 37Salma Nazir, 38Salman Khalid, 39Sana Mustafa, 40Shazia Shah, 41Sikandar Khan Sherwani, 43–45Syeda Sadia Khatoon, 46

Tayyaba Sheikh, 47

Wajiha Hashim, 48


Documents

Abstract Book of 1st National Seminar on Green Chemistry and