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Absolute Monarchs
Chap 16Phillip II
Louis XIV
Peter the Great
What is absolutism?
• Textbook definition:– “When a ruler has complete authority over the
government and the lives of the people”
• What’s so new about this?– Degree of power– Depth & scope of powers claimed
Hallmarks of absolutism• Divine right claims
– “The king is king because God made him king”
– “I answer to God alone”
• Attempts to control all in realm– Religious groups, nobles, local govts.
– Through favors or suppression
– A heavy-handed approach to creating unity
Yes, I know - this guy gets annoying after a while.
Hallmarks of absolutism
• Control over financial machinery– King controls the money– No longer has to ask nobles for money– Raise $ through Taxes, customs duties (tariffs),
& other financial schemes– System of tax collectors whose job is to go
around and collect money
Hallmarks of absolutism
• Massive bureaucracies– True civil servants
– Paid by state, represented the king
– Men owed their wealth & position to employment
• Thus usually loyal & grateful to king
Hallmarks of absolutism
• Standing armies– The medieval system abandoned
• Feudal obligation of 40 days’ service thrown out
– Why standing (full time) armies were needed?– The benefits of standing armies?– The burden of standing armies?
• Do the math: How much does it cost to feed an army of 200,000 men every day, 3 times a day.
– (Use the Denny’s Menu as a guide for prices)
L’etat, c’est moi!!
Louis “the Sun King” XIV
That’s “I AM the
state” to you silly Americans
Kill those darn
Huguenots
Increase the Army!!
Invade Germany!!!
I want to be king of
Spain too!
Louis “the Sun King” XIV
Build me a palace!!!
Fight the English!!
Fight the Dutch!!
Fight the Swedes!!!
What do you mean we’re
out of money!!??
The Story of the Revolt of the Titans
• Giants revolt• Zeus crushes the revolt• King of the giants is
buried under pile of rocks
Don’t mess Don’t mess with the big with the big
boysboys
What dear?
Honey, let’s make this the kid’s wing
Umm, I think I’m lost
The back yard
This can all be yours for a measly
$4,000,000,000
France Under Louis XIV• King is glorified as all powerful
– “Divine Right”– Nobles stripped of power– Versailles built
• Many wars– War of Spanish Succession.
• Everyone gangs up on France• Treaty of Utrecht - Spain and France can never be unified
• Promotes economy through mercantilism and heavy taxes– Note: Nobles do not pay taxes
Why?
Louis XIV
palaceRuledwhere
whenwhy
What went On there
symbols
Believedin
Mea
ning
?
economics
who
what
religion
militaryChange to
army
campaigns
Louis XIV’s WarsW
hy?
result
Why
?
result
results
Peter the GreatCzar of Russia
Romanov Family
Knock off the Tall jokes.
“Civilized,” “Highly Cultured”“Gentlemanly” Europe
“Backwards” “Peasant”
Europe(2nd Class)
HA HA HA!Look at the BackwoodsHillbillies Who live Here!!!
HA HA HA!
How Europeans Viewed Things
Russia:PoorGeographically IsolatedDominated by noblesMedieval / Feudal
Many serfsChurch has great influence
What does it take to get a little respect around here?
I’ve got to get
Westernized
Maybe a new capital would help
And a big army! - and
navy.
Hey you!Shave off
that beard!!
Better get hold of these rotten nobles
Peter the Grrrrreeeaaaatttt
Hey Ottomans,I want access to
the ocean.
Keep Dreaming!You will never get a
warm water port!
Peter’s “Window On The West”
Saint Petersburg:The Most “European” of all Russian cities
Russia’s Geographical Problems?Misc. NotesPeter the Man
Days as a sailorTraveling Europe
Read between the lines. What kind of a man was he?
How he died
Peter the Great
Ruledwhere
when
problems
geog
built
why
desires
How he fulfilled them?
Granted nobles large
estates w/ many serfs results