ABRASIVE CUT-OFF WHEELS · 2005-12-28 · ABRASIVE CUT-OFF WHEELS Actual v. fractional thickness dimensions 13-3 Applications and selection 13-8 Arbor holes 13-1 0 Basic principles

$Page 1: ABRASIVE CUT-OFF WHEELS · 2005-12-28 · ABRASIVE CUT-OFF WHEELS Actual v. fractional thickness dimensions 13-3 Applications and selection 13-8 Arbor holes 13-1 0 Basic principles$
ABRASIVE CUT-OFF WHEELS Actual v. fractional thickness dimensions 13-3 Applications and selection 13-8 Arbor holes 13-1 0 Basic principles 13-12 Bond types, grades and structures 13-5, 13-6 Dimensional limits 13-3, 1 3-7 General information 13-6 Operating speed limits 13-7 Rough sides 13-6, 13-7 ' Rubber bond wheels 13-4

available abrasives 13-5 minimum thickness chart 13-4

Safety considerations 13-7 Soft grade hardness limits 13-3 Starting grade recommendations 13-2 Trouble shooting 13-1 4 Typical machines used 13-8

ABRASIVES Grain types (general) 1-2, 1-15, 1-17, 1-26

aluminum oxide 1-2, 1-17 cubic boron nitride (CBN) 1-2, 1-17 diamond 1-2, 1-17 mixed 1-1 5 silicon carbide 1-2, 1-17

Grit size average 1-3, 1-25 and grade limits, multigrade wheels 1-9

Super abrasives comparison chart 11-3

ARBOR HOLES And cut-off wheels 13-10 General 13-10 Safety 2-4

BEARINGS 8-4 "Ball Track" 8-3, 8-4 "Raceways" 8-4 "Roller Path" 8-4

BONDS BR (regulating wheel) 4-1 0 Comparison table 1-26 Cubic boron nitride 1-4 Diamond 1-4 Metal 1-18 Organic 1-18 Resinoid 1-3, 1-6, 1-15, 1-18

regulating wheel 4-1 0 Types (Cincinnati Milacron system) 12-4 Vitrified 1-26

regulating wheel 4-1 0

BUSHINGS Permanent, availability 1-6 Plastic 1-5

CAM GRINDING Basic principles 5-1 4 Centertype 5-1 3 Machine and wheel sizes 5-1 4 Starting grade recommendations 5-1 3 Trouble shooting 5-1 4

CENTERLESS GRINDING Basic theory and principles Centerless wheels commonly in stock Corrective adjustments Grading the wheel Grinding machines

application data typical used

Mounting the wheel general on twin-grip centerless grinders on twin-grip, off-machine

Recommended starting grades (by operation) Setting up machine Tolerance Trouble shooting Truing the wheel Wheel sizes and machine data Work blade angle

CENTERLESS LAPPING WHEELS Cincinnati Milacron 4-1 0

CENTERTYPE GRINDING WHEELS Basic principles 5-7 Cam grinding 5-1 3

basic principles 5-1 4 machine and wheel sizes 5-1 4 starting grade recommendations 5-1 3 trouble shooti'ng 5-1 4

Center holes 5-8 cleanliness 5-9 geometry 5-8 squareness 5-9

Crankshaft grinding basic principles 5-1 7 machine and wheel sizes 5-1 6 starting grade recommendations 5-1 5 trouble shooting 5-1 7

Cylindrical grinding 5-7 Grading the wheel 5-7 Lapping and straightening 5-9 Machine and wheel size data 5-4 Methods 5-1 0

plunge 5-1 0 traverse 5-1 0

Specification selection guide 5-4 Starting grade recommendations 5-2 Trouble shooting 5-1 1

CHASER GRINDING CHUCKING Basic principles Specification selection guide Starting grade recommendations Trouble shooting Typical machines used Wheels commonly in stock

This document is for viewing while on this website only. Copying, printing, saving or otherwise duplicating this document is prohibited and violates the Terms Of Use agreement.

CRANKSHAFT GRINDING Basic principles Centertype Machine and wheel sizes Starting grade recommendations Trouble shooting

CUBIC BORON NITRIDE GRINDING WHEELS CINCINNATI MILACRON CBN wheels (resin bonded)

FLUTE GRINDING 5-1 7 Applications 5-1 5 BH product limits 5-1 6 Machine and wheel data 5-1 5 Starting grade recommendations 5-1 7 Trouble shooting

And vitirified bond wheels

CINCINNATI MILACRON MARATHON CBN wheels (vitrified) 11 -10 how to use 11-11

Conditioning the wheel 11-8 Dressing the wheel 11-7, 11-9 Grading the wheel 11-6

concentration 11-6 hardness 11-6

Grinding characteristics 11-10 Mandrels 11-12 Mounting the wheel 11-7 Prints 11-14 Starting grades, resin bonded 11-2 Starting grades, vitrified 11-1 1 Trouble shooting 11-13 Truing the wheel 11-7, 11-8

"G" RATIO 1 1-6 Test form and procedure

CUTTING AND GRINDING FLUIDS CINCINNATI MILACRON line 3-1 For diamond wheels 11-5 Recommendations 3- 1 Wet or dry grinding 1-3 And work blades 4-1 5

DIAMOND GRINDING WHEELS Core relieving Grading the wheel

clearing shank and cutter body material concentration core materials depth of diamond resin-bonded wheels resin-bonded wheels selection guidelines wheel grade

Grinding characteristics Grinding fluids Mandrels Mounting the wheel

conditioning the wheel dressing the wheel truing the wheel

Prints Selecting the wheel specification Starting grade recommendations Trouble shooting

DISC GRINDING WHEELS Basic principles Bolt hole patterns Machine and wheel sizes Resinoid wheels

application and selection availability ordering

Specification selection guide Starting grade recommendations Trouble shooting

*GRINDING WHEELS (GENERAL) CINCINNATI MILACRON product line availability:

resinoid wheels, B80 bond resinoid wheels, general purpose VFM CIMFORM VQC VRW SUPER CIMFORM meaning of markings

Components Grades

and grit sizes limits

Hardness equivalent hardness numbers for Rockwell "c" hardness numbers - -

Inspection, handling and storage 2-3 Mounting 2-4

arbor mounted 2-4 collet and flange 2-4 cylinders 2-5 how to use "top" mark on CINCINNATI MILACRON wheels 4-1 7

off-machine mounting 4-1 7 on-machine mounting 4-1 7

large wheels (including centerless) 2-5 plate mounted 2-5 segments 2-5 threaded hole wheels 2-5

Recommendations (by application) Chapter 16 Segments 9-1 2

height and area (per set) shapes and sizes

Shapes, standard how to specify types

Speed conversion table maximum standard and special

Structure (general) Treatments

ordering prices purpose and types 1-1 1 vitrified bonds, standard 1-1 0

Weight aluminum oxide wheels without holes 1-27

'This is a general heading. For individual types of grinding wheels and operations, look under the specific heading. Examples: Diamond Grinding Wheels, Chucking, Centertype Grinding, etc.

6-8 INFEED WORK 6-8v 6-9 Truing regulating wheels

6-9 4-1 6 6-2,6-4 INTERNAL GRINDING WHEELS

6-2 Basic principles 7-4 6-10 Centerless grinding 7-6

Starting grade recommendations 7-2 Trouble shooting 7-7 Wheels

size and speed selection guide 7-3 speed chart 7-3


MANDRELS 1 1-1 2, 12-7, 12-4

MICRO-CENTRIC GRINDERS Applications 8-3

ball tracks 8-3 tapered 8-3

Basic principles 8-6 Machine and wheel data 8-4 Race grinding (bearings) 8-4 Specification selection guide 8-4 Starting grade recommendations 8-2 Trouble shooting 8-6 Typical machines used 8-6 Wheels commonly in stock 8-3

MOUNTED GRINDING WHEELS (points) Availability 12-7 BX bond 12-5 BXP bond 12-5 Center laps 12-6 Description and usage 12-6 Safety considerations 12-6 Standard shapes 12-2 Starting grades 12-1 Treatments 12-7 Trouble shooting 12-1, 12-7

REGULATING WHEELS Bonds General Recess requirements Sizes, CINCINNATI brands Truing the wheel (thrufeed)

infeed table of angles and heights

SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS Cut-off wheels Grinding fluid Guards Inspection, handling and storage Mounted points Mounting wheels

arbor mounted collet and flange cylinders large wheels (including centerless) mounted wheels plate mounted segments threaded hole wheels "top" mark (on Cincinnati Milacron wheels)

Safety glasses Safety guide Starting the wheel VFME CIMFORM VRWE SUPER CIMFORM Wheel speed

conversion table maximum standard and special

Workrest

SEGMENTS Height and area (per set) Shapes and sizes

SURFACE GRINDING Basic principles Grading the wheel "G" ratio

test form and procedure Machine and wheel data

type 1 and recessed wheels Segments

height and area (per set) shapes and sizes

Specification guide Starting grade recommendations

horizontal spindle reciprocating table horizontal spindle rotary table vertical spindle reciprocating table vertical spindle rotary table

Test data sheet Trouble shooting Type 2 cylinder wheels Typical machines used

THREAD GRINDING American Standard Thread Basic principles Diameterlthread pitch comparison Multi-rib thread grinding Operating speed limits - SFPM Specification and selection guide Standard wheel sizes Starting grade recommendations Trouble shooting And vitrified bond wheels

THRUFEED WORK Barrel-shaped parts Truing regulating wheels Work guide adjustments

TOOL ROOM GRINDING Applications Blueprints, types 1 1 and 12 Chaser grinding Machine and wheel sizes

typical machines used Starting grade recommendations Trouble shooting Wheel shapes and sizes

type 11 and 12 wheels

TREATMENTS Cincinnati Milacron

TROUBLE SHOOTING Abrasive cut-off wheels CBN grinding Centerless grinding Centertype grinding Diamond grinding Disc grinding wheels Flute grinding Internal grinding wheels MICRO-CENTRIC and chucking grinders Mounted grinding wheels Thread grinding Tool room grinding

SUPER ABRASIVES Comparison chart

WORK BLADES Angle of General


IMPORTANT- Before using any of the products described herein, read and followthe safety precautionscontained in thisGuideand othersafety related materials referred to herein. The information contained in this Guide is s u b ject to change without notice.

WARNING: In orderto clearly present details of grinding wheel applications, the photographs and sketches in this manual may not show all essential guarding in position. Ensure that all such protective devices are properly installed before operating any equipment.

CINCINNATI MILACRON IS SUPPLYING THE INFORMATION IN THIS GUIDE WITHOUT ANY REPRESEN- TATION OR WARRANI-IES WHATSOEVER REGARDING THE VALIDITY, PROPRIETARY OR USEFULNESS OFTHE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN INCLUDINGANY WARRANTIESOF MERCHANTABILITYOR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

CINCINNATI MILACRON SHALLNOTHAVE ANY LIABILINWHATSOEVER FOR LOSSOFUSEOR FORANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUEN'rIAL, ATTORNEY'S FEES OR OTHER DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH OR ARISING OUT OF THE FURNISHING OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS GUIDE.

CINCINNATI, CINCINNATI MILACRON, CIMCOOL, CIMCOOL FIVE STAR, CIMPERIAL, CIMFLO, CIM- FREE, CIMCLEAN, CIMGUARD, CENTERSAVER, CIMPLUS, SUPER CIMFORM, CIMFORM, TWIN-GRIP, ACRAMATIC and MICRO-CENTRIC are trademarks registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. MARATHON and MSL are trademarks of Cincinnati Milacron Inc.

A special thanks to the Grinding Wheel Institute for their assistance in supplying information for this publication.

@ Cincinnati Milacron Marketing Co., 1983


Table of Contents

1 General Information 1-1 9 Surface Grinding Product Availability 1 -2 Recommended Starting Grades Grade and Grit Size Limits 1 -9 Machine and Wheel Data Variable Density Wheels 1-1 0 Segments Standard Grinding Wheel Treatments 1-1 0 Test Data and G-Ratio Product Line 1-1 2 Type 2 Cylinder Wheels Standard Shapes of Grinding Wheel Faces 1-20 Basic Principles Shape Types of Grinding Wheels Availability for C-10 & C-1 1 Stones

l 2 1 0 Tool Room Grinding 1-25 Charts 1-25 Recommended Starting Grades

Machine and Wheel Sizes 2 safety 2-1 Wheel Shapes and Sizes 3 CIMCOOL* Cutting and Grinding Fluids 3-1 TOO1rOOm Applications

Machine and Wheel Sizes 4 Centerless Grinding 4-1 Trouble Shooting

Recommended Starting Grades Centerless Wheels Commonly in Stock Grinding Machines Application Data Typical Machines Used Wheel Sizes and Machine Data Cinti. Regulating Wheel Sizes, Recesses, Bonds Cinti. Centerless Lapping Wheels Basic Principles of Centerless Grinding Trouble Shooting

5 Centertype Grinding Wheels Starting Grade Recommendations Machine and Wheel Size Basic Principles of Centertype Grinding Trouble Shooting Cam Grinding (Centertype) Crankshaft Grinding (Centertype)

6 Disc Grinding Wheels Starting Grade Recommendations Machine and Wheel Sizes Resinoid Disc Wheels Availability and Ordering Basic Principles Trouble Shooting

7 Internal Grinding Wheels Starting Grade Recommendations Basic Principles Trouble Shooting

-

1 1 Diamond and CBN Grinding 11-1 Recommended Starting Grades (Diamond and

Resin CBN Wheels) 11-2 Grade Selection 11-4 Vitrified CBN Starting Grades 11-10 Mandrels 11-12 Trouble Shooting 11-13 Diamond and CBN Prints 11-14

12 Mounted Grinding Wheels Starting Grades Mounted Wheels Standard Shapes General Information, Cinti. Wheels and Mandrels Description and Usage Trouble Shooting

1 3 Abrasive Cut-Off Wheels Starting Grade Recommendations General Information Typical Machines Used Arbor Holes Principles of Abrasive Cut-Off Wheels Trouble Shooting

14 Flute Grinding Recommended Starting Grades Machine and Wheel Data Applications Trouble Shooting

8 MICRO-CENTRIC and Chucking Grinders 8-1 1 5 Thread Grinding Starting Grade Recommendations 8-2 Starting Grade Recommendations Application Know-How 8-3 Basic Principles Machine and Wheel Data 8-4 Trouble Shooting Basic Principles Trouble Shooting

8-6 16 Grinding Wheel Recommendations 8-6

*please see last page for important information on copyrights, trademarks, warranties and other notices.


1 General Information


Product Availability I

In most grinding wheel specifications, there are only five items needed for a complete grinding wheel grade. These are:

1. Abrasive 2. Size of abrasive (grit size) 3. Hardness 4. Structure 5. Bond (vitrified, resinoid, and special). These will be

discussed in depth in the subsequent section.

Abrasive The abrasive used for an operation is usually determined by the material to be ground. There are four general categories of abrasives:

A Aluminum Oxide B. Silicon Carbide C. Diamond D. Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN)

Aluminum oxide is used to grind high tensile strength material such as carbon steel, alloy steel, annealed malleable iron, etc. Silicon Carbide is used to grind low tensile strength materials such as gray iron, chilled iron, bronze, aluminum, copper, etc. Aluminum oxide and silicon carbide are considered conventional abrasives. Diamond is used to grind extremely hard non-ferrous material such as tungsten carbide and ceramics. CBN is used to grind extremely tough to grind hardened tool steels such as M series or T series. Diamond and CBN are considered superabrasives.

To understand the remainder of this section, a know- ledge of the term of "friability" is needed. "Friability" is the ability of an abrasive grain to fracture under grinding stress. More friable abrasives are more easily frac- tured during grinding and thus cut cooler, but wheels made of these abrasives generally do not last as long.

A. Alurr~inum Oxide Abrasive 2A - Tough aluminum oxide grain with a titanium impurity to impart toughness; used for heavy duty work (blue color).

4A - Semi-friable grain - has a sodium impurity to impart special fracture capabilities (pinkish beige color).

9A - Pure aluminum oxide, very friable grain (white color). This abrasive is recommended for tool steels and other heat sensitive steels.

97A - A combination of 2A and 9A to form a semi- friable wheel used for more heat sensitive steels, or where burn with 2A abrasive is a problem.

2A and 97A are by far the most popular abrasives for most precision grinding applications.

B. Silicon Carbide 6C - Black silicon carbide - used for grinding non- ferrous materials and gray or cast irons.

5C - Green silicon carbide - used for heat-sensitive, non-ferrous materials.

7C - Combination of 5C and 6C.

6C is the most popular grain used for silicon carbide applications.

Combination aluminum oxide and silicon carbide - combination grains C2A, C4A, and C12A - are available in resin-bonded wheels. These combinations of abrasive types are used for special alloys and materials.

C. Diamond MD - Uncoated medium friability diamond for general heat sensitive carbides.

CMD - Nickel coated medium friability diamond for general uses.

AMD - Copper coated medium friability diamond for dry grinding applications.

DMD - Nickel coated tough diamond for carbide- steel combinations.

EMD - Nickel coated friable diamond for carbide grinding (no steel).

D. Cubic Boron Nitride 1 BN - Nickel coated CBN used in resin bonds.

2BN - Uncoated CBN used in vitrified wheels.

12A - Semi-friable grain - has a chromium impurity to impart special fracture capabilities (pink color). Recommended for some heat sensitive steel alloys, special alloys, and high chrome alloys.

0


Product Availability (cont.)

Grit Size Conventional abrasives are available from coarse grit 24 to find grit 220 mesh. Superabrasives are generally available from 60 grit to 320 grit.

Grades The grade of the wheel specifies the relative amount of bond in the wheel. An M grade wheel has more bond than an I grade (M will act harder).

Soft grades are used on: 1. Large stock removal operations,

(i.e., surface grind). 2. Large area of contact. 3. Hard materials.

Hard grades are used on: 1. Low stock removal operations (finish). 2. Small areas of contact. 3. Soft materials.

Bonds There are two generic types of bonds for precision grinding: resinoid and vitrified. Resinoid bonds are grinding wheel bonds comprised of a plastic bonding system. Vitrified bonds are grinding wheel bonds comprised of glass-like materials. Though there are no clear-cut distinctions between where resinoid and vitrified wheels are used, resinoid wheels are generally, used when the wheel has to absorb some shock or the operation requires that no dressing is desired throughout the useful life of the wheel. Vitrified bonds are used for form holding and high precision operations.

Resinoid Bonds The breakdown of resin wheels in grinding is primarily from heat. Apparently the breakdown from pressure plays only a minor role in resins; however, pressure is a major factor in vitrified breakdown. This (in part, at least) explains why these bonds do not act the same in grinding grade for grade, and why the grade patterns cannot be compared one with the other. To further the confusion, competitive resinoid grading systems and our own agree less among themselves that they do in vitrified. For this reason it is seldom wise to rely too heavily on competitive gradings. Although we do not agree with competition, we do have a regular progres- sion in hardness from grade to grade which is not generally common with other manufacturers.

be used on all dry, high stock removal operations to the exclusion of vitrified bond.

Resin bonds are better able to absorb mechanical vibrations and are for this reason preferred in many finishing operations where fine grain wheels are used (1 20 and finer). The coarser grain sizes are usually avoided in finishing because of the tendency of resins to "fish tail", leaving deep scratches in the surface.

There is another important difference between resin and vitrified bonds in application. It is usually easy to determine the hard or soft action of a vitrified wheel; however, this is not always true of resin. A resin wheel will often act soft when it is in fact too hard. This stems from the fact that resins break down from heat. The harder the wheel, the more heat developed - and hence more breakdown. There is no easy way to analyze this type of problem except to say that if several wheels have been tried, each harder in grade than the preceding wheel, and all act soft, it is often wise to try grades softer than the softest grade tried.

Unlike vitrified bond wheels, resin bond wheels cannot be checked for cracks by ringing them with a mallet. All resin wheels should be given a careful visual inspection before mounting.

Wet or Dry Grinding Resin bond wheels give best results when the bond is selected for either wet or dry grinding. This is important because resins are not waterproof. Some have better moisture resistance; others have better heat resistance. Both Cincinnati resins B2 and B80 should be used wet.

182 - General purpose resinoid bond system used in moderate to light operations. Usually used for wet grinding. This bond has high moisture but low heat resistance and should be used on applications where any kind of cutting fluid is used. B80 - General purpose resinoid bond used in moderate to heavy grindirlg activity. B80 is also designed for wet grinding where there is high stock removal and high feed rates. Usually recommended in the higher grade range - P6, Q6, R6, S6, etc. BWK - Special purpose resinoid bond.

Resin bonds in general have a much higher resistance to thermal shock than do vitrified and are therefore to


Vitrified Bonds VFM - General purpose bond system for precision grinding. Used with aluminum oxide only. VRW - General purpose bond system for precision grinding with excellent form holding capabilities. Used with aluminum oxide abrasive only. VQC - General purpose bond system for high production centerless, large centertype, and micro- centric (available in 2A and 97A abrasives only). VL - Bond system for surface grinding. Used with aluminum oxide abrasive only. VSC - Bond used with silicon carbide abrasive.

Diamond Bond 6 - General purpose bond system designed for MD, CMD, and EMD type diamond.

65 - Dry grinding bond system designed for AMD type diamond.

B6 - Special bond system designed for DMD type diamond for carbide steel application.

CBN Bonds 64- General purpose grinding bond designed for 'I BN abrasive.

B7 - Toolroom grinding system designed for 1 BN abrasive. VHA - Vitrified bond system designed for internal and notch grinding where aluminum oxide would normally be used.

VHC - Vitrified bond system designed for internal or notch grinding where silicon carbide abrasive would normally be used.

How to make a wheel act differently - Harder Softer Decrease infeed rate Increase infeed rate Decrease traverse speed lncrease traverse speed Decrease work speed Increase work speed Decrease thrufeed rate lncrease thrufeed rate


General Information Metric Conversions

l n c h e s I l n c h e s

MM to I n c h e s

Plastic Bushing

I n c h e s to MM

Bushing Designation Thickness

NBl (1) 112" NB2 314" N B3 1"

SB4 (2) %" and thicker S B5 %" and thicker S B6 '/4" and thicker SB7 %" and thicker S B8 lh" and thicker SB9 %" and thicker Sf31 0 lhl' and thicker SB11 %" and thicker SB12 %" and thicker

1

ID Sizes (inches]

Reduced ID Sizes (inches)

Metric Conversions

Decimal Equivalents Fraction Decimal I Fraction Decimal I Fraction Decimal


Availability of permanent Type Bushings

1. Lead bushings are no longer available except as 3. Wheel bushing availability special order on the A80-R2-R regulating wheels. A. For small holes up to 4" 2. Current I.D. treatments are as follows: - first preference is sized hole (S.H.) Sized hole (S.H.) - a special precision tool coats the - second choice is iniection ~ las t ic bush (I.P.B.) hole with a liquid plastic which hardens to a tough, precise hole.

- ground hole is not desirable but can be made available

Injection plastic bush (I.P.B.) - the wheel is placed in a For cup wheels the first choice is the injection special holder and glass fiber reinforced thermo plastic plastic bush (I.P.B.) is injected into the I.D. This provides a smooth, very tough l.D. 13. For larger I.D.'s over 4"

Vitrobond bush - a proprietary blend of fillers, molten - the vitrobond bush is available for 5", 12", and

sulfur and fiberglass is cast into the I.D. This forms a 20" I.D. holes. Most (but not all) wheel O.D.

tough, very smooth I.D. sizes and thicknesses can be vitrobond bushed. Minimum wheel thickness is generally 2".

Ground hole - I.D. ground to size.

Vitrified Bonds VQC- our latest development in vitrified bonds designed as a non-premium bond for improving part quality. VRW - high performance bond for aluminum oxide grain designed for durability in high production applications.

VFM - general purpose bond for aluminum oxide grain; designed for form holding.

VSC - general purpose bond for silicon carbide abrasives.

Resin Bonds 8 2 - general purpose bond for wet grinding and cutoff wheels.

B80 - a high strength resin bond developed mainly for high stock removal.

55 - bond for mounted wheels.

B8 - warm pressed bond for severe cutoff operations.

5 F 9 - reinforced bond for cutoff wheels.

Ru bber Bonds R - general purpose rubber bond.

Vb - bond for aluminum oxide segments and surface grinding wheels. Special Resilient Bonds

V5, V6, V7, V10 - bond for valve seat wheels and BR - special rubber-resin bond for regulating wheels.

mounted wheels. BWK - special purpose bond.

VFMEl - a vitrified bond for use in special regulating wheel applications.

2A-Tough (blue) E J O

SEMCFRIABLE 12A- (pink) 4A- (off white)

97A- Grey (mixture)

SA-Friable (white)

SILICON CARBIDE 6C-Tough (black) 7C-Semi-Friable (mixture) 5C-Friable (green)

Mixture of Al Ox 8 Silicon Carbide"

Typical Marking:

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VQC Product Availability GRAIN TYPES - 2A and 97A GRIT SIZES - 60,80, and 100 GRADES - I through N STRUCTURE - None required BOND - VQC

SPEEDS (SFPM) Wheels equal to or less than 2" thickness - 6500 thru 12,000 Wheels greater than 2" thickness - 6500,8500

I.D. TYPE Vitrobond - All greater than 2" thickness

- All set wheels, 1" thickness and greater Ground -All equal to or less than 2" thickness

- Except set wheels greater than 1" thickness SHAPES All Standard NOT AVAl LABLE Treatments Multigrades Bias Wheels *24 x 20 x 1 -piece wheels in 100 grit size not available

VFM CIMFORM Wheel Availability Aluminum Oxide Vitrified Wheels and Segments

Grit Sizes

Grades

and wheel size

*Standard Maximum Wheel Speeds

*See special operating speed section for exceptions

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VRW SUPER CIMFORM Wheel Availability VR W is available in 2A, 4A, 9A, 12A and 9 7A grain types, 4 and 6 structures in wheels only, 1/4" OD and up to 42" OD.

NOTE: 0 2 treatment only

4 STRUCTURE

If type 7 web thickness is less than 40%, use speed for type 6 & add " E for overspeed.

GRAIN SIZE 36 - 46 54 - 80

*90 - 120 *I 50 - 220

Resinoid Wheel - B80 Bond Availability

GRADES H - S G - S F - Q F - N

Grades: K - T Structure: 6 Grain Sizes: 36-1 00 Variable Densities: 614 Grain Types: 2A, 4A, 9A, 12A, 97A, 6C,

C2A, C4A, C12A

*90 grit & finer, 4 structure wheels over 15 inches thick must be ordered in two sections.

*Standard Maximum Wheel Speeds

Resinoid Wheels 6 2 Bond - General Purpose (Except Cut-Off)

"See Special Operating Speed section for exceptions.

Abrasive Type

2A, 4A, 9A, 12A

Max. Operating Speed: *9500 SFPM *L Grade and softer, 3 6 grit size -

8000 SFPM Max.

Abrasive Grit Size

24-220

Not available in disc and cut-off wheels

Maximum thickness 10" for all grades

"9 7A and 7C grain available in "1" grain combination only


Grade Limits

Resin

Use 6 structure for B80 Bond

Grade And Grit Size Limits For Multigrade Wheels (Vitrified) The following table shows an example of the grade and grit size limits available for multigrade wheels. If combination wheels of this type are required which are outside of the limits, consult with Abrasive Administrative Services.

X - Available 0 - Not available

*If one part of the wheel is graded 2A46-H6-VFM, the widest spread of grit size and grade would permit a grading of 2A80-16-VFM for the other part. Maximum spread - 4 grades andlor 4 grit sizes. Note: Structure number must be the same for all portions of the wheel. For example, a 97A1201-14- VFM hardside is not available on a 97A801-J6-VFM wheel.


Variable Density Wheels 1 Variable density wheels are made so that the density varies from the periphery toward the center.

Structure Numbers Grade Letters

Type 1 wheel sizes available with the provision that maximum thickness limit must be used in conjunction with the available tooling list.

Standard Treatments For Vitrified Bonded Products

"B" Treatment - Sulfur Impregnation "D" Treatment - Wax Impregnation "D2" Treatment - Special lmpregnation "R" Treatment - Resin Impregnation For

Mounted Points "S' Treatment - Wax Impregnation

For Mounted Points

>6" O.D. 5 2" Thick Wheels

Note: Treatments not available for plate mounted or nut inserted disc wheels.


- -

Grinding Wheel Treatments Availability

For certain purposes grinding wheels are impregnated with material designed to aid or improve the grinding action. This is called "treating" the wheel. Treatment will impoved the grinding action by:

1) Reducing loading. Loading is buildup of metal on the abrasive surface resulting from working soft and ductile metals such as aluminum, soft bronze, brass, magnesium, etc. The use of special treatment fills the pores and helps to prevent swarf buildup.

2) Improving cutting action and life. On heavy duty operations sufficient heat is generated to soften the treatment so that it flows and has lubricating action.

3) Changing the grinding action. This means in- creasing wear resistance without affecting the rate of cut or burning the work

4) Helping to maintain and hold form on shaped wheels. Filling the pores adds support to the abrasive grains.

5) Sealing the pores - or waterproofing bonded abrasive products.

How to Order Treated Wheels Treatment designation is shown in the marking as follows:

Basically there are four types of treatments being applied to CIIVCINNATI Grinding Wheels today. These are:

D - Wax B - Sulphur X - Resin and a special impregnation called D2

Contact your Cincinnati Milacron Marketing Company, Territory Manager or Application Engineer to determine the exact sizes and specifications for which these treatments are available.

WAX - D Treatment includes parafins, and stearates. This type of treatment is used on applications to retard wheel loading.

SULPHUR - B Treatment is by far the most widely used. It finds extensive use in the bearing industry on high-production, fast stock removal, internal grinding operations. The automotive industry also uses sulphur treated wheels. As much as 70-8O0/0 of all honing sticks are sulphur treated. Most vitrified bonded cutlery grinding wheels are sulphur treated.

Sulphur treatment is not available in organic bonds. Better surface finishes can be produced with sulphur treated wheels than with wheels having no treatment.

RESIN - X Treatment is a special treatment applied to sides of wheels to provide improved corner holding ability.

02 Treatment (proprietary) - Another popular treatment used largely in the bearing industry on high-production bore and race grinding operations. It does not have the stain and odor characteristics found in sulphur, but does add cooling and lubrication to the grind.

Prices The prices of treated wheels are 5 to 15 percent higher than those of the same wheels untreated. Sul- phur treatment is not available in VRW or VQC bond.

D - Wax B - Sulphur X - Resin D2 - Special Impregnation


Documents

ABRASIVE CUT-OFF WHEELS · 2005-12-28 · ABRASIVE CUT-OFF WHEELS Actual v. fractional thickness dimensions 13-3 Applications and selection 13-8 Arbor holes 13-1 0 Basic principles