About Romanian Educational System

Romania

Romanian Education System Description: The Romanian educational structure

consists of a vertical system of schooling. Five main components represent the fundamental pillars of this system:

1. Pre-school education,2. Compulsory education,3. Upper secondary education,4. Vocational education and training, 5. Tertiary education.

1. Pre-school education (kindergarten)

is not yet part of the compulsory cycle, and attendance is correlated with income and social class. is designed for children 3 to 7 years old.

2. Compulsory education

• The compulsory cycle of education consists of four years of primary and four years of middle school education.

Lower secondary education

Primary education

• All Romanian pupils normally will begin primary education at age 7 but may be admitted at age 6 if they are "at an appropriate stage of mental and physical development" and have completed the final pre-school year.

• Pupils may leave school at age 16 even if the "compulsory“ requirement remains unsatisfied.

3. 3. Non compulsory education.Non compulsory education. Upper secondary educationUpper secondary education

High schoolHigh school

Vocational education: Vocational education: Vocational schoolVocational school Apprentice Apprentice schoolschool

Upper secondary educationUpper secondary education

High school education in Romania High school education in Romania normally lasts four years from grade IX to normally lasts four years from grade IX to grade XII in day classes or five years in grade XII in day classes or five years in evening or extramural classes. The almost evening or extramural classes. The almost 1300 institutions are overwhelmingly 1300 institutions are overwhelmingly public, but an increasing number of public, but an increasing number of private schools have emerged in recent private schools have emerged in recent years, predominantly in urban locations.years, predominantly in urban locations.

Public upper secondary education is free. Public upper secondary education is free. Textbooks are offered free of charge to the Textbooks are offered free of charge to the pupils from economically disadvantaged pupils from economically disadvantaged families.families.

The structure of the high school is:The structure of the high school is: A) A) theoretical orientation:theoretical orientation:

Hard /Exact sciences profile, specialization: math – informatics and natural Hard /Exact sciences profile, specialization: math – informatics and natural sciencessciences Humanities profile, specializations: philology, humanities and social sciencesHumanities profile, specializations: philology, humanities and social sciences

B) B) technological orientation:technological orientation: Technical profileTechnical profile Services profileServices profile Exploitation of natural resources and environment protection profileExploitation of natural resources and environment protection profile

C) C) aptitude based orientation:aptitude based orientation: Sports profileSports profile Military profileMilitary profile Theological profileTheological profile Artistic profileArtistic profile Pedagogical profilePedagogical profile

Secondary school system.Secondary school system. Secondary school education is organized as a Secondary school education is organized as a second cycle of education (grades 9 to12 or 9 second cycle of education (grades 9 to12 or 9 through 13). The system contains the through 13). The system contains the following units of secondary school following units of secondary school education: education: liceu (high school)liceu (high school)liceu de specialitate (vocational school)liceu de specialitate (vocational school)scoala profesionalascoala profesionala (professional education) (professional education)

Schooling is free and compulsory for children aged between 6 and 16 in the state schools. Suitably qualified pupils can progress to upper secondary education in general secondary schools, grammar schools, professional schools or vocational institutes.Graduates from scoala profesionala (professional education) do not have the right to apply for higher education programs.

Duration of compulsory educationAge of entry: 7Age of exit: 15

Structure of school systemPrimary education

Type of school: SCOALA PRIMARALength of program (years): 4Age level: from 7 to 11

General education (middle school)Type of school: GIMNAZIU/SCOALA GENERALALength of program (years): 4Age level: from 11 to 15

Secondary education (high school)Type of school: LICEULength of program (years): 4-5Age level: from 15 to 20Certificate awarded: DIPLOMA DE

BACALAUREAT

Professional educationType of school: SCOALA PROFESIONALALength of program (years): 2Age level: from 15 to 17Certificate awarded: CERTIFICAT DE ABSOLVIRE 

Specialized Technical Vocational educationType of school: SCOALA TEHNICALength of program (years): 3Age level: from 17 to 20Certificate awarded: CERTIFICAT DE ABSOLVIRE

Specialized Technical Vocational education

Type of school: SCOALA POST-LICEALALength of program (years): 3Age level: from 18 to 21Certificate awarded: CERTIFICAT DE

ABSOLVIRE A SCOLII POST-LICEALE

Higher educationType of school: FACULTATELength of program (years): 4-6Age level: from 19Certificate awarded: DIPLOMA DE LICENTA

Higher education offers specialization in a certain field (equivalent of BA).Admission is ensured by a competitive entrance examination and is accessible for baccalaureate diploma holders.Post graduate studies are accessible by entrance examination for master’s or doctor’s degree.

Higher education is mainly state but also private.

Responsibility and Administration

Ministry of Education and Research- formulates and implements educational

policies and strategies.- initiates Government decisions.- approves the curricula, the national

assessment standards and the education units network.

- is responsible for the distribution of the financial resources from the state budget to the school inspectorate.

School inspectorate(one in each of the 40 counties)

-appoints and revokes the headmaster of the school.

-is responsible for the teaching staff policy and the approval of the trades and specializations that are to be taught.

School unit

- is responsible for the organization and implementation of training programs and the way the financial resources are used.

- Submits to the inspectorate the list of trades and specializations that are to be taught.