ABNORMAL-NORMAL (GENETIC)

CELLS ANALYSIS

Animals :Chromosome analysis

Dr.Gatot CiptadiLab. Central of Life Sciences /Biosains

Fac. Of Animal Sci.

Brawijaya University Malang

No Subject : Cellular Lecturer Note

1. Introduction-Recent dev of . Anim

Biotech:Mol-Cell

GC Class Discussion

2 Basic Mol-Cell Laboratory Practice,

In vitro.

GC Class Discussion

3 Chromosome Bio-Cell Analysis

3. In vitro- Cell culture (IVM, IVF,

IVG)

GC Class Discussion

4. Nuclear Cell – Gene (Transgenic

Animal-Cloning: Cell communication

and Cell Reprogramming)

Basic Theory : Part 1

GC Class Discussion

5. Nuclear Cell – Gene (Transgenic

Animal-Cloning)

Technical Aspect: Part 2.

GC Class Discussion

6. Software analysis of Chromosome

Cells

GC+ Lab.

Tech.

Lab works/Visit/LSIH

7. Nuclear Cells Transfer /Gen Transfer GC + Lab.

Tech

Lab work/Visit/LSIH

(Jika Lab-tidak sedang

digunakan)

Animals : Causes of Phenotypic

Variation• Heredity:

Animals genetic background for phenotype

• Environment:

Conditions under which the animals are born

and raised; climate, nutrition, disease, general

management, etc.

BIAS Gender.: Human SEX DIFF.

Mengapa Seks Penting: Kasus Keseimbangan Hormonal,

penentuan jenis kelamin menjadi tidak sederhana

Contoh:

PIG betina

Awal bunting

Lahir : Jantan normal

Betina : ??? (alat kelm + Jantan)Testoteron

Dewasa

Injeksi hormon betina

(Progesteron + Estrogen)

Tetap tidak menunjukkan

perilaku betina normal

Injeksi hormon jantan

(Testoteron) : Perilaku jantan

jelas, fungsi seks jantan

KASUS KESEIMBANGAN HORMONAL = SEX

Hikmah: ???: Hindari /kurangi obat-obat tidak perlu/penting

( mis. selama kehamilan, pra nikah diagnosis)

Tell me what I am : Oocytes, Sperms

(Fertilization) Cells and………

30

60

60

30

30

30

30

30 60

sperm

mother

cell

ovum

mother

cell

sperms produced

by meiosis

fertilizationzygote

ova produced by meiosis

but only one develops to

maturity

Genetic materials Cell fusion

Fertilization occurs when the nucleus of a male

reproductive cell combines with the nucleus of a

female reproductive cell

Life Cycles of Animals (Embryos)

• In animals, meiosis occurs only when

gametes (sperm, eggs) are formed.

GENETIC MATERIAL

• Meiosis: cell division that results in sperm (spermatogenesis) or ova

(oogenesis); each newly formed cell contains one member of each chromosome

pair in normal body cells

• Fertilization: union of sperm and egg; establishing the recombination of genes

• Diploid: ―double‖—chromosomes found in pairs

• Haploid: ―half‖—chromosomes split in half

Genes: affect

hereditary

characteristics; made

up of DNA

Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance

• Inherited traits are controlled by genes that reside in

chromosomes

• Chromosomes are transmitted by gametes to offspring

Units of Heredity• Gene:

– The functional unit of heredity

on a chromosome

• Chromosome:

– DNA molecules associated

with proteins

– Can be visually seen under

microscope only during Mitosis

or Meiosis

– Diploid number (2n) in cattle

is 60

Cytogenetics

• Study of chromosomes

• In early 19th century used

light microscopy

• Used to prepare

karyotypes: arrangement

of an organisms

chromosomes in

homologous pairs

• Today, use high-resolution

electron microscopy to see

the genes directly

Chromosomes in a somatic cell under oil objective lens,The chromosome under high objective lens,

Result of Kariotyping:

Slide spreading Sex determination

Analysis: Normal/Abnormal

Animals Chromosome