Upload
amy-chappel
View
234
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Abiotic Factors
Life Science 25.1
What are abiotic factors?
• “a” means not or without
• “biotic” means living
• These are the nonliving things in an organism’s environment
• Essential to the survival of organisms
Air
• Atmosphere-air that surrounds Earth• Made up of the following:
• 78% Nitrogen
• 21% Oxygen
• 0.94% Argon
• 0.03% Carbon dioxide
• Tiny amounts of other elements
Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen
• Part of the processes of Photosynthesis and Respiration• Plants take in Carbon Dioxide from the atmosphere
• They produce oxygen in the process of photosynthesis
• Most other organisms take in Oxygen from the atmosphere
• They produce carbon dioxide during cellular respiration
Water
• Essential to life on Earth• All organisms need water
• Plants need it for photosynthesis and to avoid wilting
• Animals need it to avoid dehydration
• Most organisms are 50-95% water
Soil
• Mixture of several things:• Mineral and rock particles
• Remains of dead organisms
• Water
• Air
• Topmost layer of Earth’s crust• Supports plant growth
• Contains life (bacteria, fungi, insects, worms)
Sunlight
• Essential for photosynthesis
• Helps keep temperature in range that organisms can survive
• Responsible for weather on earth
Climate
• NOT WEATHER!!!!
• Climate refers to average weather over time• Includes temperature, wind, and precipitation
• All are caused by the sun’s rays.
Precipitation
• Rain, snow, sleet, and hail• Part of The Water Cycle (to be discussed soon)
Wind
• Results from sunlight heating air molecules• Warm air rises, cool air falls
• The cool air coming back down to the surface causes surface winds.
Temperature
• Result of sunlight striking the Earth’s surface.• Most organisms can survive from 0⁰C to 50⁰C (32 ⁰ F-120 ⁰ F)
• Latitude determines how much light strikes the surface • At the equator, sunlight is direct. At the poles, it is spread over a wider area. (Flashlight
demo)
• Elevation also affects temperature• There are fewer air molecules higher in the atmosphere, so the temperature is lower
(colder)
• It is typically warmer nearer the bottom of mountains than the top.
• Temperature vs. Elevation activity
Water Cycle
• Evaporation-water turns to water vapor and rises (think of boiling water on a stove)
• Transpiration-Plants release water into atmosphere
• Condensation-Water vapor droplets come together to form clouds
• Precipitation-Clouds get too heavy, and liquid water falls to surface
• Runoff-Water runs along ground, and either goes into ground or into lakes, rivers, streams, oceans, etc.
• Groundwater-Water that is located beneath Earth’s surface
Nitrogen Cycle
• Nitrogen is released into the ground through 2 processes• Decaying of dead organisms
• Wastes (feces and urine) from organisms
• Nitrogen Fixation-conversion of nitrogen to usable forms (fertilizer)
• Plants use the fixed nitrogen to make cells
• Animals get the nitrogen by eating the plants
• Plants and animals die and decay, releasing the nitrogen back into the soil
• The cycle repeats.
Carbon Cycle
• Carbon is released to the atmosphere by:• Animals breathing
• Burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, etc), which are the remains of dead organisms
• Dead and decaying organisms being decomposed
• Carbon enters the biotic portion of Earth by plants taking it in during photosynthesis
Cycles in Nature (Activity)
• Draw the 3 main cycles in Nature• Water Cycle
• Nitrogen Cycle
• Carbon Cycle
• Use details in notes, and make sure to include all parts listed there.• You may look at the pictures in the book, but they do not include all
required parts.
• You may also look at the biology student’s cycles in the back of the room.