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8/6/2019 Abhyaas Law Bulletin - June 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/abhyaas-law-bulletin-june-2011 1/4Wa` Fcr Kpff`wen… \cb` 3 rrr.ckaucc.en
kauccs Fcr Kpff`wen …Hm{ wa` spenw``nwecf OFCW c|e{cnw
n` 3<wa ;<33 CFK;<33<8<3
Wa` @gewm{―s Omfpdn
G`c{ _wpg`nw&
A`{` e mn` dm{` he{w h{md ump{ d`nwm{& wa` Ckaucc
Fcr Kpff`wen. Wae reff k` c dmnwafu kpff`wen rewa c fmw
mh `qoewenb wphh. Ump reff b`w wm jnmr ckmpw cff wa`
ac||`nenb en wa` ompnw{u cng wa` rm{fg. Wa` kpff`wen
reff cfm |{mxeg` ump c bfed|` mh ep` en xc{emp`owm{. R` reff cfm h`cwp{` c |{`webemp fcr oammf
m{ c {`fcw`g `nw{cno` `qcd `x`{u dmnwa m wacw ump
c{` r`ff crc{` mh wa` cxcefckf` m||m{wpnewe` cng
dcj` cn enhm{d`g ipgb`d`nw.
Wae e o`{wcenfu wa` dmnwa mh hcw rewa Kckc [cdg`x
imenenb wa` fej` mh Cnnc Acyc{` wm wc{w c hcw. _`c{enb
a`cw geg nmw wm| |`m|f` h{md wa{mnbenb wa` [cd Fefc
Dcegcn wm imen Kckc [cdg`x―s hcw. Wa` `oo`nw{eo
k`acxemp{ mh wa` P\C Bmxw dcg` p{` wacw wa`{` rc
`nmpba g{cdc en wa` gcu |{`o`genb wa` hcw cng cfm
mn wa` gcu mh wa` hcw. Wa` bmx`{nd`nw ac a`no`
cnnmpno`g c omddeww`` hm{ g`cfenb rewa wa` kfcoj
dmn`u ep` cng ac cfm geofm`g wa` c`w mh
ocken`w denew`{. Wae e o`{wcenfu c r`fomd` w`|& kpw
ku nm d`cn `nmpba eh r` acx` wm wcojf` om{{p|wemn
cng wa` ep` mh kfcoj dmn`u.
Wae dmnwa cfm rewn``g wa` g`cwa mh wa` dmw
g{`cg`g w`{{m{ew Mcdc Ken Fcg`n& wa` a`cg mh Cf$
Sc`gc. Wa` oae`h mh EDH Gmdenesp` _w{cp$Jcan rc
c{{`w`g mn oac{b` mh `qpcf ccpfw cng ac eno`
{`ebn`g c wa` a`cg mh EDH.
Ac||u [`cgenb#
$ @gewm{
Eng`q9
\cb` ;9 Ncwemncf
\cb` ?9 Enw`{ncwemncf
\cb` 79 _|mwfebaw
Wa` _omm| Mh Wa` Dmnwa
Wa` bmx`{nd`nw ac eno{`c`g wa` p||m{w |{eo`
mh |cggu ku [ 1< |`{ spenwcf hm{ wa` ;<33$3;
Jac{eh `cmn wm kmmw {eo` |{mgpowemn cng
|{mop{`d`nw.
Wa` D_\ hm{ |cggu !omddmn xc{e`wu% rc cw [
3&<<< |`{ spenwcf cng |cggu !C b{cg`% [ 3&<?< |`{
spenwcf fcw u`c{. ‖Wa` Ocken`w Omddeww`` mn
@omnmdeo Chhce{ wmgcu c||{mx`g aej` mh [ 1< |`{
spenwcf en wa` denedpd p||m{w |{eo` !D_\% hm{kmwa xc{e`we` mh |cggu&— cn mhheoecf mp{o` wmfg \WE.
Wa` bmx`{nd`nw ac {ce`g |cggu D_\
pkwcnwecffu c en|pw omw acx` eno{`c`g ku p|wm
87 |`{ o`nw. K`eg` ew rcnw wm {ce` mpw|pw en
xe`r mh wa` |{m|m`g Ncwemncf Hmmg _`op{ewu fcr&
mp{o` ceg.
Amr`x`{& wa` aej` en |cggu D_\ e fmr`{ wacn
Cb{eopfwp{` Denesw{u―s |{m|mcf mh c aej` mh [ 38<-
spenwcf. _mp{o ceg wa` bmx {nd`nw dcu
cnnmpno` kmnp mh [ 1< |`{ spenwcf mx { cngckmx` wa` D_\ en wa` omdenb dmnwa. D_\ e wa`
|{eo` cw raeoa wa` bmx`{nd`nw kpu |cggu h{md
c{d`{ wm {pn wa` \pkfeo Gew{ekpwemn _uw`d
\G_%. Jac{eh mrenb wc{w h{md Ipn` cng
ac{x`wenb k`ben h{md Mowmk`{.
n |pf` ocw`bm{u& wa` OO@C e k`fe`x`g wm acx`
no{`c`g wa` D_\ mh p{cg ku [ 7<< |`{ spenwcf cw
[ ?&?<<& b{``n b{cd !dmmnb% ku [ ;?< |`{
spenwcf cw [ ?&7<< cng c{ac{ !wp{% ku [ 3<< |`{
spenwcf wm [ ?&3<<.
8/6/2019 Abhyaas Law Bulletin - June 2011
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n` 3<wa ;<33
Ncwemncf9
Kac{grci"s {`|m{w hm{ |{ seg`nw"s {pf en
Jc{ncwcjc {`i`ow`g
Wa` pnemn bmx`{nd`nw _pngcu
`i`ow g Jc{ncwcjc Bmx`{nm{ A.[. Kac{grci
`omdd`ngcwemn hm{ |{ eg`nw" {pf` en wa`
mpwa`{n wcw` {pf g ku Kac{cweuc Icncwc \c{wu.Mhheoecf mp{o` ceg wa` g`oeemn wm {`i ow wa`
bmx`{nm{" {`|m{w rc wcj`n cw c d``wenb mh wa`
Ocken w Omddeww`` mn \mfeweocf Chhce{. Wa`
mp{o` ceg wa` amd` denew{u acg r{eww`n wm wa`
\{ed` Denew {" Mhheo` cuenb wacw {`dmxcf mh
Jc{ncwcjc bmx`{nd`nw rc nmw en m{g`{ c Oae`h
Denew { K._. U`ggup{c||c acg c dcim{ewu mh
`befcwm{ p||m{wenb aed. Wa`u ceg wa` denew{u
reff r{ew wm wa` bmx {nm{& omnx`uenb wa`
bmx`{nd`nw" g`oeemn.
\{`seg`nw {`i`ows d`{ou |f`c mh Jacfeswcn w`{{m{esw
mn g`cwa {mr
C |c{w mh wa` |{mo` wm of`c{ wa` fmnb few mh
omnxeow mn g`cwa {mr ram acx` dcg` d`{ou
|f`c& \{`eg`nw \{cwekac \cwef Wap{gcu {`i`ow`g
a` |`wewemn mh G`x`ng`{ _enba Kapffc{& c Jacfewcn
Fek`{cwemn Hm{o` !JFH% w`{{m{ew `nw`no`g wm g`cwa
m{ c 355? oc{ kmdk cwwcoj wacw jeff`g 3; |`m|f`
cng enip{`g ;5& enofpgenb hm{d`{ Engecn Umpwa
Omnb{` oae`h D._. Kewwc.Cw f`cw ;08 omng`dn`g omnxeow c{` op{{`nwfu
crcewenb `ngm{`d`nw mh wa` _p|{`d` Omp{w cng
aeba omp{w mh wa`e{ g`cwa `nw`no` acng`g gmrn
ku w{ecf omp{w. C wmwcf mh 0; mwa`{ omng`dn`g
|{emn`{ acx` hef g d`{ou |`wewemn k`hm{` wa`
o`nw{cf bmx`{nd`nw& ``jenb |c{gmn m{ {`gpowemn
mh wa`e{ `nw`no`.
_mf p{xexenb ;8-33 w`{{m{ew Cidcf Cde{ Jcck
ac ca`cg mh aed mn wa` g`cwa {mr |`m|f` fej`
Bp{p& omng`dn`g wm wa` bcffmr hm{ aenxmfx`d`nw en wa` G`o dk`{ ;<<3 |c{fecd`nw
cwwcoj oc`& crcewenb wa` |{`eg`nw" g`oeemn mn
a`e{ d`{ou |`wewemn.
Wa` mwa`{ ram bmw g`cwa |`ncfwe` en {`o`nw |cw
nofpg` c Fcjaed|p{ Ja`{e |`w{mf |pd| mrn`{ ram
jeff`g Engecn Mef Om{|m{cwemn mhheo`{ _.Dcnipncwa
cng wrm Kckkc{ Jacfc defewcnw ram ccencw`g
a` wa`n \pnick Oae`h Denew`{ K`cnw _enba en
3550.
C{pncoacf \{cg`sa Oae`h Denesw`{ Gm{i`` Jacngp
ge`s en oam||`{ o{csa
C{pncoacf \{cg`a Oae`h Denew`{ Gm{i`` Jacngp
rc hmpng g`cg en wa` {`dmw` cng encoo`ekf`
Fpbpwacnb xeffcb`& ckmpw ?< jd h{md Wcrcnb mn
7-0-;<33. Wa` OD acg bmn` deenb mn ?<-7-;<33
ra`n mn c hfebaw h{md Wcrcnb rc hmpng g`cg
cfmnb rewa hmp{ mwa`{ chw`{ wa`e{ a feom|w {o{ca`g en kcg r`cwa`{ en wa` dmpnwcen {`bemn.
Wa` a`feom|w`{" r{`ojcb` rc hmpng cw Fmkmwcnb
raeoa e ewpcw`g n`c{ Icnb rcw`{ hcff en Wcrcnb&
C{pncoacf \{cg`a. Wa` {`op` m|`{cwemn r`{`
acd|`{`g gp` wm kcg r`cwa`{. Wa` mwa`{ hmp{
d`dk`{& ram coomd|cne`g Jacngp en wa`
oam||`{& r`{` $ o{`r d`dk`{ Oc|wcen I_ Kckkc{
cng Oc|wcen J_ Dcfeoj& Jacngp" `op{ewu mhheo`{
U`ae Oamggcj cng U`ae Fcdp& ew`{ mh Wcrcnb
f`befcwm{ W`rcnb Gamngp|. Wae e wa` `omngg`cwa mh c oae`h denew`{ en wrm u`c{ chw`{ OD mh
Cnga{c \{cg`a U _ [cic`jac{c [`ggu rc jeff`g
en c a`feom|w`{ o{ca en wa` Ncffcdcffc {cnb` en
wa` wcw` en _`|w dk`{ ;<<5.
_p|{`d` Omp{w {pf`s mpw om{{ owex` cowemn en
Kam|cf bcs ocs`
Wa` _p|{`d` Omp{w ac {`hp`g wm oacnb` ew deng
ckmpw c 3558 ipgbd`nw cng cffmr w{eow`{
|pnead`nw hm{ `x`n om{|m{cw` `q`opwex`omnxeow`g hm{ wa`e{ {mf` en wa` rm{fg―s rm{w
engpw{ecf gecw {.
Gedeenb wa` op{cwex` |`wewemn hef`g ku wa` OKE& ew
mk`{x`g ‖Nm cwehcowm{u `q|fcncwemn e bex`n wm
hef` poa op{cwex` |`wewemn chw`{ ckmpw 37 u`c{
h{md 3558 ipgbd`nw mh wa` _p|{`d` Omp{w.—
En 3558& wa` _p|{`d` Omp{w gefpw`g wa` oac{b`
cbcenw wa` coop`g h{md opf|ckf` amdeoeg` nmw
cdmpnwenb wm dp{g`{ wm o{edencf n`bfeb`no`.
Enw`{ncwemncf9
Ic|cn Cwmdeo O{eses [`coa`s Oa`{nmkuf F`x`f cs
[cgecwemn Ofedks
Ic|cn" npof`c{ ch wu cb`nou ac {ce`g wa`
`x`{ewu f`x`f mh wa` o{ee cw wa` Hpjpaedc
npof`c{ |fcnw h{md f`x`f 0 wm f`x`f 2 raeoa {cnj
ew mn |c{ rewa wa` 3518 Oa`{nmkuf gecw`{. Ew
gm`n"w d`cn ew" c kcg c Oa`{nmkuf kpw ew" weff
c n`bcwex` g`x`fm|d`nw nmn`wa f`. Wa {`
acx` k``n mnfu wrm f`x f$`x`n enoeg`nw en
npof`c{ aewm{u.
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n` 3<wa ;<33
Wa` Oa`{nmkuf ocwcw{m|a` ;0 u`c{ cbm en wa`
Pj{cen` cng nmr Hpjpaedc& mn wa` `cw omcw mh
c|cn. Wa` gecw`{ en Pj{cen` |`r`g g`k{e c
aeba c 5 jefmd`w`{ enwm wa` ce{ cng {`f`c`g
cgecwemn ;<< wed` wa` xmfpd` mh wa` omdken`g
kmdkenb mh Ae{maedc cng Ncbccje en 3570&
coom{genb wm c ;<<8 {`|m{w omddeemn`g ku
@p{m|`―s B{``n \c{wu. Wa` Dc{oa 33 `c{waspcj`&a` ncwemn―s w{mnb`w mn {`om{g& cng wpncde f`hw
ckmpw ;2&0<< g`cg m{ deenb& coom{genb wm Ic|cn―s
Ncwemncf \mfeo` Cb`nou. Ic|cn rc w{poj ku wrm
`c{waspcj` w{mnb`{ wacn dcbnewpg` 8 cbcen mn
C|{ef wacw aeng`{`g {`omx`{enb `hhm{w c rm{j`{
r`{` w`d|m{c{efu xcopcw g.
Mscdc Ken Fcg`n jeff`g en \cjeswcn
Wa` rm{fg―s dmw g{`cg`g w`{{m{ew Mcdc Ken
Fcg`n ac k``n amw g`cg ku Cd`{eocn Ncxu _`cfmn ;-0-;<33 chw`{ a` rc hmpng wm k` wcuenb en
`fcwex` fpqp{u en c amp` ipw h`r apng{`g d`w`{
crcu h{md c \cjewcne defewc{u cocg`du en
Ckkmwckcg. Ken Fcg`n rc amw en wa` hco` cng
oa`w ra`n wa` Cd`{eocn hm{o` |{pnb c p{|{e`
cwwcoj cng wa` ramf deemn rc |`{hm{d`g
rewampw wa` omn`nw m{ wa` jnmrf`gb` mh \cjewcn.
Mkcdc& en ae cgg{` wm wa` ncwemn am{wfu k`hm{`
degnebaw& wacnj`g wa` Cd`{eocn ram acx` wmef`g
n |p{pew mh Ken Fcg`n cng c||fcpg`g wam` ram
oc{{e`g mpw wa` poo`hpf deemn en \cjewcn. ‖Hm{
mx`{ wrm g`ocg`& ken Fcg`n ac k``n Cf Sc`gc―s
`cg`{ cng sudkmf&— Mkcdc ceg. ‖Wa` g`cwa mh ken
Fcg`n dc{j wa` dmw ebneheocnw coae`x`d`nw wm
gcw` en mp{ ncwemn―s `hhm{w wm g`h`cw Cf Sc`gc.—
Wae omd` c c {`cf `dkc{{cd`nw wm wa`
\cjewcne bmx`{nd`nw raeoa ac k``n dcenwcenenb
m{ dcnu u`c{ nmr wacw Mcdc rc nmw wa`{` en
\cjewcn. Cng wm heng aed amf`g p| en c hcoefewu ipw
uc{g crcu h{md c |{`webemp defewc{u cocg`du
raeoa e cfm ipw c omp|f` mh amp{ crcu h{mdfcdckcg |m` dcnu wmpba sp`wemn {`bc{genb
\cjeswcn―s omddewd`nw wm hebawenb w`{{m{. Wa` P_
bmx`{nd`nw acg hp{wa`{ g`ofc{`g wacw wa`u rmpfg
oc{{u mpw poa m|`{cwemn cbcen en wa` hpwp{` eh wa`
n``g c{e`. Wa` P_ e cf{`cgu dpffenb mx`{
ra`wa`{ wa`u ampfg cnowemn hp{wa`{ ceg wm
\cjewcn pnf wa`u omd` p| rewa cwehcowm{u
cnr`{ {`bc{genb amr Mcdc rc hmpng ra`{`
a` rc.
Wae e c `{emp enw`ffeb`no` fc|` cng gm` nmw
cpb`{ r`ff hm{ wa` ompnw{u wacw e cf{`cgu {``fenb
png`{ xc{emp |{mkf`d wacw wa{`cw n wa` x`{u
hck{eo mh wa` ncwemn. Ew {`dcen wm k` ``n amr wa`
ncwemn reff om|` rewa wa` cff`bcwemn.
EDH Oae h _w{cpss Jcan c{{ sw g en c s`qpcf
csscpfw ocs`Gmdenesp` _w{cp$Jcan& wa` a`cg mh wa`
Enw`{ncwemncf Dmn`wc{u Hpng cng c |mw`nwecf
ocngegcw` hm{ wa` H{`noa |{`eg`nou n`qw u`c{&
rc oac{b`g rewa cww`d|w`g {c|` cng c o{edencf
`q cow mn c rmdcn en c N`r Um{j amw f.
Wa` oac{b` w`d h{md cn enoeg`nw wacw cff`b`gfu
moop{{`g mn _cwp{gcu cbcenw c ?;$u`c{$mfg h`dcf`
cw c _mhew f amw f en degwmrn Dcnacwwcn. Wa`
cff`b`g xeowed e c dceg cw wa` amw`f. _w{cp$Jcan
rc c{{`w`g ckmc{g cn Ce{ H{cno` hfebaw cw Iman HJ`nn`gu ce{|m{w. _w{cp$Jcan& 8;& g`ne` wa`
oac{b` cng reff |f`cg nmw bpefwu& coom{genb wm
{`|m{w. _w{cp Jcan e c f`cgenb omnw`ng`{ hm{
wa` |mw mh H{`noa \{`eg`nw.
Kpsen`ss9
JX Jcdcwa c||menw`g oace{dcn mh Enhmsus
W`oanmfmbe`s
Enhmu W`oanmfmbe`& Engec" `omng fc{b`w
mhwrc{` omd|cnu& mn _cwp{gcu ncd`g x`w`{cn
kcnj`{ cng `cmn`g kpen` w{cnhm{dcwemn
dcnb`{ J X Jcdcwa c ew n`r oace{dcn. Jcdcwa&
8?& ram e op{{`nwfu c d`dk`{ mh Enhmu" kmc{g mh
ge{`owm{& reff poo``g wa` omd|cnu" hmpng`{ N [
Nc{cucnc Dp{wau mn Cpbpw ;3.
Wa` nmdencwemn omddeww`` mh wa` omd|cnu&
raeoa e hcoenb mn` mh wa` wmpba`w wed` en ew
wa{``$g`ocg` mh `qew`no`& cfm ncd`g op{{`nw
oae`h m|`{cwenb mhheo`{ _ G _aekpfcf c O@M cng DG&
raef` wa` enopdk`nw O@M& _ Bm|cfcj{eancn& rc`f`xcw`g wm wa` |mw mh `q`opwex` om$oace{dcn.
Dp{wau& ram wp{n 80 en Cpbpw& reff k`omd` wa`
oace{dcn `d`{ewp& c nmn$`q`opwex` |mewemn fej`
Jcdcwa".
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n` 3<wa ;<33
_|mwfebaw9 NF_EP Kcnbcfm{` !rrr.nfs.co.en%
Wa` Ncwemncf Fcr _oammf mh Engec Pnex`{ewu !NF_EP m{ NF_% e cn
enwewpwemn hm{ png {$b{cgpcw` cng b{cgpcw` f`bcf `gpocwemn.
Kc`g en Ncbc{kacxe& c pkp{k en wa` r`w`{n `qw{`dewe` mh wa`
oewu mh Kcnbcfm{`& wa` NF_EP rc `wckfea`g en 3512 chw`{ c
wcwpw` rc `ncow`g hm{ wacw |p{|m` ku wa` F`befcwex` C`dkfu
mh wa` _wcw` mh Jc{ncwcjc& cng mhheoecffu `qew eno` Cpbpw ;5&
3512.
Aewm{eocffu& f`bcf `gpocwemn en Engec rc m|`n mnfu wm b{cgpcw`
cng ``n d`{`fu c |{mh`emncf w{cenenb. Gedcu`g cw wa` spcfewu
mh f`bcf `gpocwemn en omnx`nwemncf pnex`{ewe`& d`dk`{ mh wa`
f`bcf h{cw`{newu g`kcw`g wa` d`{ew mh enw{mgpoenb c n`r uw`d
mh f`bcf `gpocwemn wa{mpba wa` 352< cng 351<. NF_EP ac k``n
omnew`nwfu {cnj`g c wa` k`w fcr oammf en Engec hm{ 1 mpw mh
wa` |cw 3< u`c{ ku Engec Wmgcu.
`f h{`` wm r{ew` wm9 fcr|{`|Lckauccs.en R` gmn―w resa wm |{enw waes imp{ncf& scx` |c|`{& cxmeg |{enwenb
Waes dmnwa en |eowp{`s9
[chc`f Ncgcf ren
H{`noa M|`n D`n
_enbf` hm{ wa` {`om{g
8wa wed`
Ice{cd [cd`a waenj&
EEW hcopfwu nmw rm{fg
ofc.
_coaen W`ngpfjc{ {`wcen wa`
wm| |mw en EOO [cnjenb hm{
W`w Kcwdcn
Fe Nc k`omd` wa` he{w
Cecn ( Oaen`` Rmd`n
wm ren c B{cng _fcd ku
rennenb wa` H{`noa m|`n
;<33
Rcnw`g w`{{m{ew
Mcdc Ken Fcg`n jeff`g
ku P._ c{du en \cjewcn
EDH A`cg Gmdenesp`
_w{cp$Jcan e c{{`w`g
en c `qpcf cpcfw oc`
Ew cgdew 1< wpg`nw hm{ ew 0$u`c{ K.C.& FF.K. !Amn.% |{mb{cdd` `x`{u u`c{. _wpg`nw c{` oam`n mn wa`
kce mh cn cff$Engec `nw{cno` `qcd OFCW !Omddmn Fcr CgdeemnW`w%.
Wa` NF_ fek{c{u e wa` fc{b`w fcr fek{c{u en Engec. Dmw mh wam` ram b{cgpcw` h{md NF_EP |{`h`{ c oc{``{ en
om{|m{cw fewebcwemnm{ c f`bcf cgxe { wm omd|cne` rewa cww{cowex` |cu |cojcb`.
