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Abdominal Vasculature:

Venous drainage

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Abdominal Aorta

The main bld. Supply to the abdomin comes from:Abdominal Aorta

Starts in aortic hiatus opposite to T12

Ends opposite to L4 by dividing into:

2 common iliac arteries

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Branches of Abd. Aorta

Abd. Wall branches:5 lumbar a. (each side)

1st lumbar = inf. phrenic artery

Abd. Cavity branches:

(Visceral)

3 anterior

3 lateral

3 terminations

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3 anterior:

celiac trunk

Sup. MesentericInf. Mesenteric

3 lateral:

suprarenal

renal

gonadal (testicular or ovarian)

3 terminations:

2 common iliacs (L4)median sacral a.

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Celiac Trunk Branches

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Superior MesentericArtery:

3 small intestine

3 large intestine

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Inferior MesentericArtery:

3 large intestinebranches

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Venous Drainage:

IVC & Portal Vein

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IVC

Direct bld. Return to the heart

Receives:

5 lumbar veins

abdominal wall branches

3 lat. Visceral veins

Suprarneal, renal & gonadal

3 origins

2 common iliacs & median sacral

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Portal Vein

Drains GIT & abd. Viscera (spleen & pancreas & ??)

Enters porta hepatis as a part of the triad

(conveys 70% of bld. To liver)

Formed behind the neck of pancreas

by union of:

sup. Mesenteric vein

splenic vein

Bld. Comes from 3 ant. visceral branches of aorta

(Celiac trunk, sup. Mesenteric & inf. mesenteric)

is returned by portal vein

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Main Tributaries of Portal Vein

Splenic vein:

from spleen, pancreas & stomach (which stomach veins?)

Superior Mesenteric vein:

from intestine (duodenum 2/3 of trans. Colon)

Inferior Mesenteric vein:

from distal 1/3 of trans. Colon anal canal (upper 1/3)

Other branches (read the text)Rt. & Lf. Gastric veins

cystic vein

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Porto-Caval Anastomoses

Portal system anastomose with systemic (caval) venous system at

4 areas:

1. At abdominal esophagus:

esophageal veins drain into:azygos vein (systemic)

left gastric vein (portal)

2. At anal canal & rectum:

rectal veins drain into:

sup. Rectal vein (portal)

middle & inf. rectal (systemic)

Anastomosis (Gr, Communicating openings)

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3. Around the umbilicus:

paraumbilical veins(portal)

with lig. teres inside falciform lig.

veins of ant. abd. Wall(systemic)

4. Posterior (behind) to Ascending& Descending colons:

colic veins(portal)

retroperitoneal veins of the wall(systemic)

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Portal Hypertension

Liver disease (cirrhosis)

Obstruction of portal vein

bld. Accumulation & Portal hypertension

Bld. Flow from portalto systemic circulation

(at porto-caval anastomosis sites)

Dilatation of veins

(Varicose veins)

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Porto-Caval VaricesA sign of portal hypertension & liver disease

At 4 regions:

Around esophagus:

esophageal varices

(easily ruptured internal bleeding)

At anal canal:

hemorrhhoids

Around umbilicus:caput medusa (head of Medusa)

Behind ascending & descending colons