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CBS Broadcasting Inc. (CBS) is a major US television network, which started as a radio network.The name is derived from the initials of the network's former name, Colm!ia BroadcastingS"stem. The network is sometimes referred to as the #$"e %etwork# in reference to the sha&e ofthe com&an"'s logo. It has also !een called the #Tiffan" %etwork#, which alldes to the &erceivedhigh alit" of CBS &rogramming dring the tenre of its fonder illiam S. ale" (*+*-+).*/ Itcan also refer to some of CBS's first demonstrations of color television, which were held in aformer Tiffan" 0 Co. !ilding in %ew 1ork Cit" in *+2,3/ ths earning it the name #Color!roadcasting s"stem# !ack when sch a feat was innovative.

The network has its origins in United Inde&endent Broadcasters Inc., a collection of *4 radiostations that was !oght !" illiam S. ale" in *+35 and renamed the Colm!ia BroadcastingS"stem.6/ Under ale"'s gidance, CBS wold first !ecome one of the largest radio networks inthe United States and then one of the !ig three 7merican !roadcast television networks. In *+89,CBS dro&&ed its fll name and !ecame known sim&l" as CBS, Inc. The estinghose $lectricCor&oration acired the network in *++2 and eventall" ado&ted the name of the com&an" ithad !oght to !ecome CBS Cor&oration. In 3, CBS came nder the control of :iacom, whichcoincidentall" had !egn as a s∈off of CBS in *+8*. In late 32, :iacom s&lit itself andreesta!lished CBS Cor&oration with the CBS television network at its core. CBS Cor&oration andthe new :iacom are controlled !" Smner istence, CBS has !een the most watched network in the

United States, most recentl" in 3*.Contentshide/

? * @istor" o *.* $arl" "ears A *.*.* CBS's radio affiliation growth A *.*.3 CBS lanches an inde&endent news division A *.*.6 The ar of the orlds radio !roadcast (cto!er 6, *+65) A *.*.9 CBS recrits $dmnd 7. Chester A *.*.2 CBS as a dominant radio !roadcaster A *.*.4 The end of &rime time radio on CBS A *.*.8 CBS's radio &rogramming after *+83

o *.3 The television "ears e>&ansion and growth A *.3.* Color telecasts (*+26-*+42) D *.3.*.* *+4-*+48 A *.3.3 *+8*-54 The # o *.6 The conglomerate A *.6.* Colm!ia

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o 9.6 3s ? 2 romos ? 4 rogramming o 4.* a"time o 4.3 Children's &rogramming A 4.3.* 7nimated &rimetime holida" s&ecials o 4.6 Classical msic s&ecials ? 8 International !roadcasts ? 5 Controvers" ? + artnershi& ? * See also ? ** ce&tT and =$ (!oth Bonneville Broadcasting &ro&erties) owned !" CBS

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7s the third national network, CBS soon had more affiliates than either of %BC's two, in &art!ecase of a more generos rate of &a"ment to affiliates. %BC's owner and fonder of news !roadcasts, had man" CBS listeners &anicked into!elieving invaders from Ears were actall" devastating Frover's Eill, %ew Kerse", des&ite threedisclaimers dring the !roadcast that it was a work of fiction. CBS wold later revive the formatfor television in the *++s for ithot arning, which told the stor" of asteroids crashing to $arth,!t the television format allowed for disclaimers to air at ever" commercial !reak, avoiding are&la" of what ha&&ened in *+65.citation needed/

7lso in *+65, CBS !oght 7merican

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e&sodent Show', with Bo! @o&e.# 7t ale"'s rging, !eginning in the mid;*+9s, CBS !egancreating its own &rogramsL among the long;rnning shows that came from this &roject were 1o

7re There (!orn as CBS as There), E" =avorite @s!and (starring Hcille BallL the show &roveda kind of !le&rint for her !ig CBS television hit I Hove Hc"), r Eiss Brooks (whose star, $ve

7rden, was encoraged &ersonall" !" ale" to tr" ot for the title role), Fnsmoke and The7dventres of JJie and @arriet. In time this idea was carried frther, selling ad time !" theminte, so ad agencies no longer had com&lete control over what went ot over #ale"'s air#.citation needed/edit/ The end of &rime time radio on CBS

CBS moved at a deli!erate &ace into televisionL as late as *+2 it owned onl" one stationL radiocontined to !e the !ack!one of the com&an". Fradall", as the television network took sha&e,!ig radio stars !egan to drift to television. The radio soa& o&era The Fiding Hight moved totelevision in *+23 and aired ntil Se&tem!er *5, 3+L Brns 0 7llen made the move in *+2LHcille Ball a "ear laterL r Eiss Brooks in *+23 (thogh it contined simltaneosl" on radio forits fll television life). The high;rated Kack Benn" rogram ended in *+22, and $dgar Bergen'sSnda";night show went off the air in *+28. hen CBS annonced in *+24 that its radioo&erations had lost mone", while the television network had made mone", it was clear where theftre la". hen the soa& o&era Ea erkins went off the air %ovem!er 32, *+4 onl" eight,relativel" minor series remained. rime time radio ended on Se&tem!er 6, *+43, when 1ors

Trl", Kohnn" ollar and Ss&ense aired for the final time.citation needed/edit/ CBS's radio &rogramming after *+83

7fter the retirement of talk;show &ioneer 7rthr Fodfre" in 7&ril *+83, CBS radio &rogrammingconsisted of horl" news !roadcast and an e>tensive schedle of news featres, known in the*+8s as imension, and commentaries, inclding the well received S&ectrm series ofcommentaries which evolved into the ointQConter&oint featre on the television network's 4Eintes and =irst Hine

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wides&read, did CBS !egin to !" or !ild their own stations (otside of %ew 1ork) in Hos7ngeles, Chicago and other major cities. U& to that &oint, CBS &rogramming was seen on schstations as GTT: Channel ** in Hos 7ngeles, which CBSRas a !it of insrance and to garantee&rogram clearance in Hos 7ngelesRickl" &rchased a 2 interest in, &artnering with the Hos

7ngeles Times news&a&er. CBS then sold their interest in GTT: (which toda" is the est Coastflagshi& of the =o> network) and &rchased otright Hos 7ngeles &ioneer station GTSH (Channel3) in *+2, renaming it G%NT (after CBS's e>isting Hos 7ngeles radio &ro&ert", G%N), later to!ecome GCBS;T:. The #talent raid# on %BC of the mid;forties had !roght over esta!lished radiostarsL the" now !ecame stars of CBS television as well. ne relctant CBS star refsed to !ringher radio show, #E" =avorite @s!and#, to television nless the network wold re;cast the showwith her real;life hs!and in the lead. ale" and network &resident =rank Stanton had so littlefaith in the ftre of Hcille Ball's series, re;d!!ed I Hove Hc", that the" granted her wish andallowed the hs!and, esi 7rnaJ, to take financial control of the &rodction. This was the makingof the Ball;7rnaJ esil em&ire, and !ecame the tem&late for series &rodction to this da".

In the late *+9s, CBS offered the first live television coverage of the &roceedings of the United%ations Feneral 7ssem!l" (*+9+). This jornalistic tor;de;force was nder the direction of$dmnd 7. Chester, who was a&&ointed to the &ost of irector for %ews, S&ecial $vents andS&orts at CBS Television in *+95.

7s television came to the forefront of 7merican entertainment and information, CBS dominatedtelevision as it once had radio.citation needed/ In *+26, the CBS television network wold makeits first &rofit,8/ and wold maintain dominance on television !etween the "ears *+22 and *+84as well8/ B" the late *+2s, the network often controlled seven or eight of the slots on the #to&ten# ratings list with well;res&ected shows like

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=rom *+4 to *+42, CBS;T: limited its color transmissions to onl" a few s&ecials sch as TheiJard of J, and onl" then if the s&onsor wold &a" for it. ce&tion was Twentieth Centr", which consisted mostl" of newsreel archival footage,thogh even this &rogram sed at least some color footage !" the late *+4s.

In *+42, CBS telecast a new color version of

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greenlighted !" Silverman dring his *+85 to *+5* tenre there, and CBS once more nosedahead, cortes" of allas (and its s∈off Gnots Handing), =alcon Crest, Eagnm, .I., Simon 0Simon and 4 Eintes. CBS also !roadcast the &o&lar %C77 Een's ivision I Basket!allTornament ever" Earch !eginning in *+53 (taking over for %BC). There were a few new hits RGate 0 7llie, %ewhart, Cagne" 0 Hace", Scarecrow and Ers. Ging, Erder, She rote R !t theresrgence was short;lived.edit/ *+54-33 Tiffan" %etwork in distress

In *+59, The Cos!" Show and Eiami :ice de!ted on %BC and gra!!ed high ratingsimmediatel", !ringing that network !ack to first &lace !" the *+52-*+54 season along with otherhge hits =amil" Ties, The Folden Firls, H7 Haw, and 338. 7BC had in trn also re!onded withhits like "nast", ho's the Boss, @otel, and Frowing ains. B" the *+55-*+5+ season, CBShad fallen to third &lace !ehind !oth 7BC and %BC, and had some major re!ilding to do.

Ironicall", some of the grondwork had !een laid as the network fell in the ratings, with hits Simon0 Simon, =alcon Crest, Erder, She rote, Gate 0 7llie and %ewhart still on the schedle fromthe most recent resrgence, and ftre hits esigning omen, Er&h" Brown, Kake and the=atman, and 95 @orshaving recentl" de!ted. ls, CBS was still getting decent ratings from 4Eintes, allas and Gnots Handing. Bt the ratngs for allas were a far cr" from what the" werein the earl" *+5's. ring the earl" *++s, the network wold !olster its s&orts line& !" adding

Eajor Heage Base!all telecasts and the inter l"m&ics.

Under network &resident Keff Sagansk", the network was a!le to get strong ratings from newshows iagnosis Erder, Toched !" an 7ngel, r. Oinn, Eedicine oman, alker, Te>as

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ring the 38-5 season, =o> ranked as the to&;rated network, &rimaril" de to its reliance on7merican Idol. @owever, according to %ielsen, CBS ended & as the to&;rated network for the35-3+ and 3+;3* seasons.**/ The two tend to nearl" eal one another in the *5;69,*5;9+, and 32;29 demogra&hics, althogh =o> t"&icall" wins these !" the narrowest of margins.edit/ The conglomerate

ring the *+4s, CBS !egan an effort to diversif", and looked for sita!le investments. In *+42,it acired electric gitar maker =ender from Heo =ender, who agreed to sell his com&an" de tohealth &ro!lems. The &rchase also inclded that of t "ear, CBS addedthe medical &!lisher Sanders to @olt, &anded its magaJine !siness !" &rchasing =awcett !lications in *+89,!ringing in sch magaJines as oman's a". It acired the majorit" of the Viff avis&!lications in *+59.

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CBS sold its !ook &!lishing !sinesses in *+52. The edcational &!lishing division, whichretained the name @olt, ited the magaJine !siness !" selling the nit to its e>ective eter iamandis.iamandis sold the magaJines to @achette =ili&acchi EPdias in *+55, forming @achette =ili&acchiEedia U.S.edit/ CBS Esical Instrments division

=orming the CBS Esical Instrments division, the com&an" also acired Steinwa" &ianos,Femeinhardt fltes, H"on 0 @eal" har&s, ectives e>ected aleveraged !"ot in *+52 and created =EIC, the =ender Esical Instrment Cor&oration. 7t the

same time, CBS divested itself of office sccesses as The%atral, laces in the @eart, and ,to form CBSQ=o> :ideo. CBS's dt" was to release some of the movies !" TriStar ictres nderthe CBSQ=o> :ideo la!el.edit/ Fa!riel To"s

CBS entered the video game market !riefl", throgh its acisition of Fa!riel To"s (renamed CBSTo"s), &!lishing several arcade ada&tations and original titles nder the name #CBS$lectronics#, for the 7tari 34, and other consoles and com&ters, also &rodcing one of the firstkaraoke recordingQ&la"ers. CBS $lectronics also distri!ted all Coleco;related video game

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&rodcts in Canada, inclding the Coleco:ision. CBS later sold Fa!riel To"s to :iew;Easter,which eventall" ended & as &art of Eattel.edit/ :entre to the UG

n *9 Se&tem!er 3+, it was revealed that the international arm of CBS, CBS StdiosInternational, strck a joint ventre deal with Chellomedia to lanch si> CBS;!randed channels inthe UG dring 3+. The new channels wold re&lace Vone

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B" the *++s, CBS had !ecome a !roadcasting giant, !t in *+++ entertainment conglomerate:iacom, a com&an" created "ears earlier to s"ndicate old CBS series, annonced it was takingover CBS in a deal valed at M68 !illion. =ollowing com&letion of this effort in 3, :iacom wasranked as the second;largest entertainment com&an" in the world.edit/ CBS Cor&oration and CBS Stdios

@aving assem!led all the elements of a commnications em&ire, :iacom fond that the &romiseds"nerg" was not there, and at the end of 32 it s&lit itself in two. CBS !ecame the center of anew com&an", CBS Cor&oration, which inclded the !roadcasting elements, aramontTelevision's &rodction o&erations (renamed CBS Television Stdios), U% (which later mergedwith Time arner's The B into The C), :iacom tdoor advertising (renamed CBS tdoor),Showtime, Simon 0 Schster, and aramont arks, which the com&an" sold in Ea" 34. It isthe legal sccessor to the old :iacom.

The second com&an", kee&ing the :iacom name, ke&t aramont ictres, assorted ET:%etworks, B$T, and, ntil Ea" 38, =amos Esic, which was sold to Son"Q7T: Esic!lishing.

7s a reslt of the aforementioned :iacomQCBS cor&orate s&lit, as well as other acisitions over

recent "ears, CBS (nder the moniker CBS Stdios) owns a massive television li!rar" s&anningover si> decadesL these inclde not onl" CBS in;hose &rodctions and network &rograms, !talso &rograms aired originall" on com&eting networks. Shows in this li!rar" inclde I Hove Hc",The Twilight Vone, The @one"mooners, @awaii =ive;, Fnsmoke, The =gitive, Hittle @ose onthe rairie (US T: rights onl"), Star Trek, The Brad" Bnch, Cheers, The 1ong Indiana KonesChronicles, $vening Shade, and CSI Crime Scene Investigation, among others.

Both CBS Cor&oration and the new :iacom are still owned !" Smner t oval s&otlight logoCBS crrent e"e logo, &o&larl" known as the #CBS $"e# or #The $"emark#, from *+2* throghthe &resent.CBS's older logo, with serif font lettering

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CBS nveiled its $"e evice logo on cto!er *8, *+2*. Before that, from the *+9s throgh*+2*, CBS Television sed an oval s&otlight on the !lock letters C;B;S.*5/ The $"e device wasconceived !" illiam Folden !ased on a enns"lvania tch he> sign as well as a Shakerdrawing. (hile commonl" attri!ted to Folden, there is s&eclation that at least some designwork on the s"m!ol ma" have !een done !" another CBS staff designer, Feorg lden, one of thefirst 7frican;7mericans to attract some attention in the &ostwar gra&hic design field.)*+/ The $"edevice made its !roadcasting de!t on cto!er 3, *+2*. The following season, as Folden&re&ared a new #ident#, CBS resident =rank Stanton insisted on kee&ing the $"e device andsing it as mch as &ossi!le. (Folden died ne>&ectedl" in *+2+, and was re&laced !" one of histo& assistants, Ho orfsman, who wold go on to oversee all &rint and on;air gra&hics for CBSfor the ne>t thirt" "ears.)

7n e>am&le of CBS Television %etwork's imaging (and the distinction !etween the television andradio networks) ma" !e seen in a video of The Kack Benn" rogram from *+26L the videoa&&ears to !e converted from kinesco&e, and #nsco&ed# or nedited. ne sees the &rogram asver" nearl" one wold have seen it live on CBS. on ilson is the &rogram annoncer, !t alsovoices a &romo for rivate Secretar", which starred 7nn Sothern and alternated weekl" with KackBenn" on the CBS schedle. Benn" contined to a&&ear on CBS radio and television at that time,and ilson makes a &romo annoncement at the end of the !roadcast for Benn"'s radio &rogram

on the CBS

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1o Can =eel# !t more commonl" identified as #1o Can =eel It n CBS#. The goal was toconve" a more sensal, new;age image throgh distingished, advanced;looking com&tergra&hics and soothing msic, !ackgronding images and cli&s of emotionall" &owerfl scenesand characters. @owever, it was this season in which CBS !egan its ratings free fall, the dee&estin the network's histor". CBS ended the decade with #Fet

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The rice is

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=e!rar" 39, 3+, it was annonced that CBS renewed its contract with Cookie Kar for anotherthree seasons, throgh 3*3.3+/6/ n Se&tem!er *+, 3+, G$Ho&olis has !een changedinto Cookie Kar T:.6*/edit/ 7nimated &rimetime holida" s&ecials

CBS was the original !roadcast network for the animated &rimetime holida" s&ecials !ased onthe comic stri& eants, !eginning with 7 Charlie Brown Christmas in *+42. ver thirt" holida"eants s&ecials (each for a s&ecific holida" sch as @alloween) were !roadcast on CBS fromthat time ntil 3, when 7BC acired the !roadcast rights. CBS also aired several &rimetimeanimated s&ecials !ased on the work of r. Sess (Theodor Feisel), !eginning with @ow theFrinch Stole Christmas in *+44.

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da" on satellite channel r!it %ews in $ro&e, 7frica and the Eiddle $ast. The CBS $vening%ews is shown in the UG, Ireland, 7stralia, %ew Vealand and Ital" on Sk" %ews, des&ite the factthat Sk" is &art of %ews Cor&oration (owners of =o> %ews Channel).

In the UG, CBS took over 4 of Chello Vone's channels in 3+. These were the first channels!randed CBS otside the US.63/ The channels are called CBS 7ction, CBS rama, and CBS&oses @ow the Eedia istort the %ews, &!lished. This !ook heavil" criticiJed themedia, and some CBS re&orters and news anchors in &articlar, sch as an

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e>&osed. It was the largest fine ever for a violation of federal decenc" laws. =ollowing the incidentCBS a&ologiJed to its viewers and denied foreknowledge of the event, which was !roadcast liveon T:. In 35, a hiladel&hia federal cort annlled the fine im&osed on CBS, la!elling it#ar!itrar" and ca&ricios#.64/

CBS aired a controversial e&isode of 4 Eintes, which estioned U.S. resident Feorge .Bsh's service in the %ational Fard.68/ =ollowing allegations of forger", CBS %ews admittedthat docments sed in the stor" had not !een &ro&erl" athenticated. The following Kanar",CBS fired for &eo&le connected to the &re&aration of the news;segment.65/ =ormer networknews anchor an