Abbreviationsdatabase-כלי

Most abbreviations of series, handbooks and journals in this database are accordingto: The SBL Handbook of Style: for Biblical Studies and Related Disciplines, Atlanta(GA): SBL Press, 22014. In the articles published until 2018, the sigla for the ancientversions in BHS are used, while in the articles published from 2018 onwards, thesymbols in THB (and BHQ) are applied.

Abbreviations Biblical Books

Hebrew BibleGen GenesisExod ExodusLev LeviticusNum NumeriDeut DeuteronomyJosh JoshuaJudg Judges1-2 Sam 1-2 Samuel1-2 Kgdms 1-2 Kingdoms (LXX)1-2 Kgs 1-2 Kings3-4 Kgdms 3-4 Kingdoms (LXX)Isa IsaiahJer JeremiahEzek EzekielHos HoseaJoel JoelAmos AmosObad ObadiahJon JonahMic MicahNah NahumHab HabakkukZeph ZephaniahHag HaggaiZech ZechariahMal Malachi

1

2 Abbreviations

Ps Psalm(s)Job JobProv ProverbsRuth RuthCant / Song Canticles / Song of SongsEccl / Qoh Ecclesiastes / QoheletLam LamentationsEst EstherDan DanielEzra EzraNeh Nehemiah12 Chron 1-2 Chronicles

Deuterocanonical and Pseudepigraphical LiteratureAdd Dan Additions to Daniel

Pr Azar Prayer of AzariahBel Bel and the DragonSg Three Song of the Three Young MenSus Susanna

Add Est Additions to EstherBar Baruch1-2 Esd EsdrasEp Jer Epistle of JeremiahJdt JudithJub Jubilees1-4 Macc 1-4 MaccabeesOdes Odes of SolomonPr Man Prayer of ManassehPss Sol Psalms of SolomonSir Ben Sira / EcclesiasticusTob TobitWis Wisdom of Solomon

New TestamentMatt MatthewMark MarkLuke LukeJohn John

database-כלי 3

Acts ActsRom Romans1-2 Cor 1-2 CorinthiansGal GalatiansEph EphesiansPhil PhilippiansCol Colossians1-2 Thess 1-2 Thessalonians1-2 Tim 1-2 TimothyTit TitusPhlm PhilemonHeb HebrewsJas James1-2 Pet 1-2 Peter1-3 John 1-3 JohnJude JudeRev Revelation

Abbreviations for the Versions

αʹ AquilaAq Aquila𝔊 SeptuagintCGen Cairo GenizaLXX Septuagint𝔐 MTMT Masoretic Text𝔔 Discoveries in the Judean Desert / QumranQum Discoveries in the Judean Desert / Qumran𝔖 PeshittaS Peshitta⅏ Samaritan PentateuchSP Samaritan Pentateuchσʹ SymmachusSym Symmachusℭ TargumT TargumTK Targum of the KetubimTJ Targum JonathanTN Targum Neofiti

4 Abbreviations

TO Targum OnqelosTPsJ Targum Pseudo-JonathanTSmr Samaritan Pentateuch Targumθʹ TheodotionTh Theodotion𝔙 VulgateV VulgateV-PsG Vulgate, Gallican Psalter (= Psalmi iuxta Septuaginta emendati =

Ga in BHQ)V-PsH Vulgate, Hebrew Psalter (= Psalmi iuxta Hebraicum translati =

Hbrs in BHQ)

General abbreviations

adj. adjectiveAkk. AkkadianAmor. AmoriteArab. ArabicAram. AramaicAssyr. AssyrianBab. BabylonianBHebr. biblical HebrewBibl.Aram. Biblical Aramaicdet. determinativeDN(N) divine name(s)E Elohist sourceEg. EgyptianEHebr. epigraphical HebrewET English translationEth. Ethiopicfem. femininefrag. fragmentFS FestschriftGN(N) geographical name(s)Gk. GreekHB Hebrew BibleHeb. Hebrewhiph. hiph‘ilhithp. hithpa‘elHitt. Hittite

database-כלי 5

hoph. hoph‘alHur. Hurrianimpv. imperativeimpf. imperfectiveinf.abs. infinitive absoluteinf.cstr. infinitive constructJ Yahwist sourceK KetibLBHebr. late biblical HebrewLMHebr. late Hebrew (mishnaic)LN(N) locative name(s)loc. locativemasc. masculineMS(S)/ms(s) manuscript(s)n.d. no dateniph. niph‘aln.f. feminine nounn.m. masculin nounNN nomen nescio, name unknownn(n). note(s)NS new seriesNT New TestamentOSArab old south ArabicOT Old TestamentP Priestly sourcepart. participlepass. passivepf./perf. perfectivepers. personpl. pluralPN(N) personal name(s)prep. preposition, prepositionalQ Qeres.a. sine annoSam. SamaritanSem. Semiticsg. singularsubst. substantive, substantivals.v. sub voce

6 Abbreviations

Syr. SyriacTN(N) tribal name(s)Ug. Ugariticvb verb

Bibliographical Abbreviations

AALAAdolf Erman & Hermann Ranke, Aegypten und aegyptisches Leben im Altertum,Tübingen 1922-23

AASFAnnales Academiæ Scientiarum Fennicæ (Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia)

ABThe Anchor Bible, Garden City / New York

ABDDavid N. Freedman (ed.), The Anchor Bible Dictionary, New York 1992

ACEBTAmsterdamse Cahiers voor Exegese van de Bijbel en zijn Tradities (Kampen:Kok/ Bergambacht [nl]: 2VM Uitgeverij)

ACEBT.SSAmsterdamse Cahiers voor Exegese van de Bijbel en zijn Tradities (SupplementSeries) (Kampen: Kok/ Bergambacht [nl]: 2VM Uitgeverij)

ADEBezalel Porten & Jerome A. Lund, Aramaic Documents from Egypt: A Key-Word-in-Context Concordance (CALP, 1), Winona Lake (IN): Eisenbrauns 2002

ADPVAbhandlungen des Deutschen Palastinavereins (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz)

Adrados, DGEFrancisco R. Adrados (ed.), Diccionario Griego-Español, Madrid: Consejo Supe-rior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Instituto de Filología, 1980-

AEADSimo Parpola et al. (eds.), Assyrian-English-Assyrian Dictionary, Helsinki 2007

AELsee: Lane

database-כלי 7

AEMIAlfred Lucas & John R. Harris, Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries, Lon-don 1962

AEMTPaul T. Nicholson, Ian Shaw, & Fekri A. Hassan (eds.), Ancient Egyptian Mate-rials and Technology, Cambridge 2000

AFBBKHeinrich Zimmern, Akkadische Fremdwörter als Beweis für babylonischen Kul-tureinfluss, Leipzig 21917

AFTRobert I. Curtis, Ancient Food Technology (Technology and Change in History,5), Leiden: Brill, 2001

AHI-1Graham I. Davies, Ancient Hebrew Inscriptions: Corpus and Concordance, [vol. 1],Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991

AHI-2Graham I. Davies, Ancient Hebrew Inscriptions: Corpus and Concordance, vol. 2,Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004

AHwWolfram von Soden, Akkadisches Handwörterbuch, 3 vols., Wiesbaden: Harras-sowitz, 1965-81

AIAIOded Borowski, Agriculture in Iron Age Israel, Winona Lake (IN): Eisenbrauns,1987 (repr. Boston 2002)

ALBHPaul V. Mankowski, Akkadian Loanwords in Biblical Hebrew (HSS, 47), WinonaLake (IN): Eisenbrauns, 2000

ALCBHHayim b.Y. Tawil, An Akkadian Lexical Companion for Biblical Hebrew: Etymo-logical-Semantic and Idiomatic Equivalents with Supplement on Biblical Aramaic,Jersey City: KTAV Publishing House, 2009

AMMIPeter R.S. Moorey, Ancient Mesopotamian Materials and Industries: The Ar-chaeological Evidence, Winona Lake (IN): Eisenbrauns, 1999

AncBsee: AB

AncBDsee: ABD

8 Abbreviations

ANEPJames B. Pritchard (ed.), The Ancient Near East in Pictures Relating to the OldTestament, Princeton (NJ): Princeton University Press, 21969

ANETJames B. Pritchard (ed.), Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Tes-tament, Princeton (NJ): Princeton University Press, 31969

ANHTsee: Dalman, ANHT

ASVAmerican Standard Version (1901)

ATDDas Alte Testament Deutsch: Neues Göttinger Bibelwerk (Göttingen: Vanden-hoeck & Ruprecht)

ATTMKlaus Beyer, Die aramäischen Texte vom Toten Meer: samt den Inschriften ausPalästina, dem Testament Levis aus der Kairoer Genisa, der Fastenrolle und denalten talmudischen Zitaten; aramaistische Einleitung, Text, Übersetzung, Deu-tung, Grammatik/Wörterbuch, deutsch-aramäische Wortliste, Register, 2 vols.,mit Erg.B., Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1984.

AuSsee: Dalman, AuS

AvitzurShmuel Avitzur, בארץ־ישראל ייצור ומיתקני עבודה כלי לתולדות אטלס ועמלו׃ אדם (Man andhis Work, Historical Atlas of Tools and Workshops in the Holy Land), Jerusalem:Carta, 1976

BAThe Biblical Archaeologist (New Haven [CT]/ Atlanta [GA]: Scholars Press)

BÄVWolfgang Helck, Die Beziehungen Ägyptens zu Vorderasien im 3. und 2. Jahr-tausend v. Chr. (ÄA, 5), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 21971

BarthélemyAdrien Barthélemy, Dictionnaire arabe-français - Dialectes de Syrie: Alep, Da-mas, Liban, Jérusalem, Paris 1935-69

BDBFrancis Brown, Samuel R. Driver & Charles A. Briggs, A Hebrew and EnglishLexicon of the Old Testament, Oxford 1907

database-כלי 9

BHHBo Reicke & Leonhard Rost (eds.), Biblisch-historisches Handwörterbuch, 4 vols.,Göttingen 1962-79

BHKBiblia Hebraica, (ed. R. Kittel; Leipzig: Hinrichs, 11905-06; Stuttgart: Würt-tembergische Bibelanstalt, 21909-13; 31929-37).

BHLChaim R. Cohen, Biblical Hapax Legomena in the Light of Akkadian and Ugaritic(SBL.DS, 37), Missoula 1978

BHQAdrian Schenker et al. (eds.), Biblia Hebraica Quinta editione cum apparatucritico novis curis elaborato, Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 2004- ↑Back

BHQ 1Biblia Hebraica Quinta editione cum apparatu critico novis curis elaborato, Fas-cicle 1: Genesis, prep. by Abraham Tal, Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft,2015

BHQ 5Biblia Hebraica Quinta editione cum apparatu critico novis curis elaborato, Fas-cicle 5: Deuteronomy, prep. by Carmel McCarthy, Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelge-sellschaft, 2007

BHQ 7Biblia Hebraica Quinta editione cum apparatu critico novis curis elaborato, Fasci-cle 7: Judges, prep. by Natalio Fernández Marcos, Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelge-sellschaft, 2011

BHQ 13Biblia Hebraica Quinta editione cum apparatu critico novis curis elaborato, Fas-cicle 13: The Twelve Minor Prophets, prep. by Anthony Gelston, Stuttgart:Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 2010

BHQ 17Biblia Hebraica Quinta editione cum apparatu critico novis curis elaborato, Fas-cicle 17: Proverbs, prep. by Jan de Waard, Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft,2008

BHQ 18Biblia Hebraica Quinta editione cum apparatu critico novis curis elaborato, Fas-cicle 18: General Introduction and Megiloth, prep. by Jan de Waard, Peter B.Dirksen, Yonathan A.P. Goldman, Rolf Schäfer, and Magne Sæbø, Stuttgart:Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 2004

10 Abbreviations

BHQ 20Biblia Hebraica Quinta editione cum apparatu critico novis curis elaborato, Fasci-cle 20: Ezra and Nehemiah, prep. by David Marcus, Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelge-sellschaft, 2006

BHSKarl Elliger & Wilhelm Rudolph (eds.), Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, Stuttgart:Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1967-77 ↑Back

BiAAlexander Sperber, The Bible in Aramaic Based on Old Manuscripts and PrintedTexts (4 vols), Leiden: Brill, 1959-68

BibJSsee: BJSUCSD

BibIntBiblical Interpretation (Leiden: Brill)

BibInt.SBiblical Interpretation Series (Leiden: Brill)

BJSUCSDBiblical and Judaic Studies from the University of California, San Diego (WinonaLake (IN): Eisenbrauns)

BKATBiblischer Kommentar Altes Textament (Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Ver-lag / Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht)

BLHans Bauer & Pontus Leander, Historische Grammatik der hebräischen Sprachedes Alten Testamentes, Halle a.S.: Verlag Max Niemeyer, 1922 (repr. Hildesheim:Georg Olms, 1965)

BNPHubert Cançik et al. (eds.), Brill’s New Pauly: Encyclopaedia of the AncientWorld, vol. 1- , Leiden: Brill, 2002- .

BRL2

Kurt Galling, Biblisches Reallexikon (HAT 1/1), Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 21977BTG

Walter Sallaberger, Der babylonische Töpfer und seine Gefässe nach Urkun-den altsumerischer bis altbabylonischer Zeit sowie lexikalischen und literarischenZeugnissen (Mesopotamian History and Environment, Ser. II, Memoirs, 3),Ghent 1996

BusinkTheodor A. Busink, Der Tempel von Jerusalem von Salomo bis Herodes: Eine ar-

database-כלי 11

chäologisch-historische Studie unter Berücksichtigung des westsemitischen Tem-pelbaus, 2 vols., Leiden: Brill, 1970-80

CADThe Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago,vol. 1- , Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 1956-

CAmhDWolf Leslau, Concise Amharic Dictionary, Berkeley: University of CaliforniaPress, 1976

CBCEJohn Jarick (ed.), A Comprehensive Bilingual Concordance of the Hebrew andGreek Texts of Ecclesiastes (SCSt, 36), Atlanta (GA): Scholars Press, 1993

CBETContributions to Biblical Exegesis and Theology (Kampen: Kok; from 1997 on-wards: Leuven: Peeters)

CDWalter E. Crum, A Coptic Dictionary, Oxford: Claredon Press, 1939 (repr.Eugene [OR]: Wipf and Stock, 1999)

CDCHDavid J.A. Clines, The Concise Dictionary of Classical Hebrew, Sheffield: Shef-field Phoenix Press, 2009

CDGWolf Leslau, Comparative Dictionary of Ge‘ez (Classical Ethiopic), Wiesbaden:Harrassowitz, 1987 (repr. 1991)

CEDHLErnest Klein, A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Hebrew Languagefor Readers of English, Jerusalem: Carta, 1987

CHALOTWilliam L. Holladay, A Concise Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testa-ment, Leiden: Brill, 1971

COSWilliam W. Hallo & K. Lawson Younger (eds.), The Context of Scripture, 4 vols.,Leiden: Brill, 1997-2016

COuTCommentaar op het Oude Testament (Kampen: Kok)

CSsee: HRCS

CSDsee: Payne Smith, CSD

12 Abbreviations

CTAT 1Dominique Barthélemy, Critique Textuelle de l’Ancient Testament, Vol. 1: Josué-Esther (OBO, 50/1), Fribourg: Éditions Universitaires / Göttingen: Vanden-hoeck & Ruprecht, 1982

CTAT 2Dominique Barthélemy, Critique Textuelle de l’Ancient Testament, Vol. 2: Isaïe,Jérémie, Lamentations (OBO, 50/2), Fribourg: Éditions Universitaires / Göttin-gen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1986

CTAT 3Dominique Barthélemy, Critique Textuelle de l’Ancient Testament, Vol. 3: Ézé-chiel, Daniel et les 12 Prophètes (OBO, 50/3), Fribourg: Éditions Universitaires/Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1992

CTAT 4Dominique Barthélemy, Critique Textuelle de l’Ancient Testament, Vol. 4: Psau-mes (OBO, 50/4), Fribourg: Éditions Universitaires / Göttingen: Vandenhoeck& Ruprecht, 2005

CTAT 5Dominique Barthélemy, Critique Textuelle de l’Ancient Testament, Vol. 5: Job,Proverbes, Qohélet et Cantique des Cantiques (OBO, 50/5), Fribourg: ÉditionsUniversitaires / Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2016

CVOTJames L. Kelso, The Ceramic Vocabulary of the Old Testament (BASOR.S, 5-6),New Haven (CT): American Schools of Oriental Research, 1948

CWTsee: Levy, CWT

DACRudolphe Kasser, Dictionnaire auxiliaire, étymologique et complet de la languecopte, fasc. 1- , Genève: Ecrits et idiomes de l’Egypte et du Proche-Orient, 1967-

DAFAlbin de Biberstein Kazimirski, Dictionnaire arabe-français, 2 vols., Beyrouth:Librairie du Liban, 1860

DAFARégis Blachère et al., Al-Kâmil: Dictionnaire arabe-français-anglais, t. 1- , Paris:G.-P. Maisonneuve et Larose, 1967-

Dalman, ANHTGustaf Dalman, Aramäisch-neuhebräisches Handwörterbuch zu Targum, Talmudund Midrasch, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 31938 (repr. Hildesheim:Georg Olms, 1987)

database-כלי 13

Dalman, AuSGustaf Dalman, Arbeit und Sitte in Palästina, Bd. 1-7, Gütersloh 1928-42

DAPPYohanan Elihai, Dictionnaire de l’Arabe parlé palestinien: Français-Arabe, Paris:Klincksieck, 31985

DBFulcran Vigouroux (ed.), Dictionnaire de la Bible, 5 vols., Paris: Letouzey etAne, 31926-28

DBHastJames Hastings et al. (eds.), A Dictionary of the Bible, 4 vols., Edinburgh:T & T Clark, 1889-1902

DBHELuis Alonso Schökel (ed.), Diccionario Bíblico Hebreo-Español, Valencia: Insti-tución San Jerónimo; Madrid: Editorial Trotta, 1990-94

DBImagLeland Ryken et al. (eds.), Dictionary of Biblical Imagery, Downers Grove (IL):InterVarsity Press, 1998

DB.SLouis Pirot et al. (eds.), Dictionnaire de la Bible: Supplément, t. 1- , Paris:Letouzey et Ane, 1928-

DCHDavid J.A. Clines (ed.), The Dictionary of Classical Hebrew, vol. 1-5, Sheffield:Sheffield Academic Press 1993-2001; vol. 6-9, Sheffield: Sheffield Phoenix Press,2007-16

DDDKarel van der Toorn et al. (eds.), Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible,Leiden: Brill, 1995

DDD2

Karel van der Toorn et al. (eds.), Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible,Leiden: Brill / Grand Rapids (MI) 21999

De Vaux, IATRoland de Vaux, Les institutions de l’Ancien Testament, 2 vols., Paris: Du Cerf,1958-60

DGEsee: Adrados DGE

DJBAsee: Sokoloff, DJBA

14 Abbreviations

DJDDiscoveries in the Judaean Desert (Oxford: Claredon Press)

DJPAsee: Sokoloff, DJPA

DLUGregorio del Olmo Lete & Joaquín Sanmartín, Diccionario de la lengua ugarítica(Aula Orientalis, Supplementa, 7-8), Barcelona: Editorial AUSA, 1996-2000

DMWAsee: Wehr

DNPHubert Cançik et al. (eds.), Der Neue Pauly: Enzyklopädie der Antike, 16 vols.,Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler 1996-2003

DNWSIJacob Hoftijzer & Karel Jongeling, Dictionary of the North-West Semitic In-scriptions, 2 vols (HdO, 21), Leiden: Brill, 1995

DOSAJoan Copeland Biella, Dictionary of Old South Arabic: Sabaean Dialect, Chico(CA): Scholars Press, 1982 (repr. Winona Lake [IN]: Eisenbrauns, 2004)

DPASyrClaude Denizeau, Dictionnaire des parlers arabes de Syrie, Liban et Palestine(Etudes Arabes et Islamiques. Serie 3, Etudes et Documents, 3), Paris: G.-P.Maisonneuve, 1960

DRSDavid Cohen et al., Dictionnaire des racines sémitiques, Fasc. 1-, Paris: Mouton /Leuven: Peeters, 1970-

DSAsee: Tal, DSA

DSFLouis Costaz, Dictionnaire Syriaque-Français, Beyrouth: Dar El-Machreq, 32002

DSS.SEFlorentino García Martínez & Eibert J.C. Tigchelaar, The Dead Sea Scrolls StudyEdition, 2 vols., Leiden: Brill, 1997-98 (Leiden: Brill / Grand Rapids (MI): Eerd-mans, 2000)

DTTsee: Jastrow, DTT

DULAT 1

Gregorio del Olmo Lete & Joaquín Sanmartín, A Dictionary of the UgariticLanguage in the Alphabetic Tradition (HdO, 67), transl. Wilfred G.E. Watson, 2

database-כלי 15

vols., Leiden: Brill, 2003DULAT 3

Gregorio del Olmo Lete & Joaquín Sanmartín, A Dictionary of the UgariticLanguage in the Alphabetic Tradition (HdO, 112), transl. Wilfred G.E. Watson,2 vols., Leiden: Brill, 32015

EFPShmuel Ah. ituv, Echoes from the Past: Hebrew and Cognate Inscriptions fromthe Biblical Period, Jerusalem: Carta, 2008

EHIHElmar Camilo dos Santos, An Expanded Hebrew Index for Hatch-Redpath Con-cordance to the Septuagint, Jerusalem: Dugith Publishers, [1973]

EncBThomas K. Cheyne & John Sutherland Black (eds.), Encyclopaedia Biblica, 4vols., London: Black, 1899-1907

EncMEleazar L. Sukenik & Umberto Cassuto (eds.), על הידיעות אוצר מקראית: אנציקלופדיהותקופתו המקרא (Biblical Encyclopaedia: Thesaurus of the Bible and its Periods),9 vols., Jerusalem: Mosad Bialik / Hebrew University Jerusalem, 1950-88

ESACWolf Leslau, Ethiopic and South Arabic Contributions to the Hebrew Lexicon(UCPSP, 20), Berkeley (CA): University of California Press, 1958

FeastingPeter Altmann & Janling Fu (eds.), Feasting in the Archaeology and Texts of theBible and the Ancient Near East, Winona Lake (IN): Eisenbrauns, 2014

FHAWATGeorg Fohrer et al., Hebräisches und aramäisches Wörterbuch zum Alten Testa-ment, Berlin: De Gruyter, 1971

FWOTMaximilian Ellenbogen, Foreign Words in the Old Testament: Their Origin andEtymology, London: Luzac, 1962

GBWilhelm Gesenius & Frants Buhl, Hebräisches und aramäisches Handwörterbuchüber das Alte Testament, Leipzig: Vogel, 171915

GBHsee: Joüon-Muraoka, GBH

GBHrevsee: Joüon-Muraoka, GBHrev

16 Abbreviations

GELSTakamitsu Muraoka, A Greek-English Lexicon of the Septuagint, Louvain: Pee-ters, 2009

GELS-Lsee: LEH

GELS-Msee: GELS

Ges18

Herbert Donner et al. (eds.), Wilhelm Gesenius Hebräisches und AramäischesHandwörterbuch über das Alte Testament, 6 Lieferungen mit Supplementband,Heidelberg: Springer Verlag, 181987-2012

Gesenius, TPCWilhelm Gesenius & Emil Rödiger, Thesaurus philologicus criticus lingvae he-braeae et chaldaeae Veteris Testamenti, 3 vols., Lipsiae: F.C.G. Vogel, 1835-53

GHALAlfred Guillaume, Hebrew and Arabic Lexicography, Leiden: Brill, 1965

GHBsee: Joüon, GHB

GHTISTakamitsu Muraoka, A Greek≈Hebrew/Aramaic Two-Way Index to the Septu-agint, Louvain: Peeters, 2010

GIASAlexandra Avanzini, Glossaire des inscriptions de l’Arabie du Sud 1950-1973(Quaderni di Semitistica, 3.1/2), 2 vols., Firenze: Ist. di Linguistica e di LingueOrientali, 1977-80

GKWilhelm Gesenius & Emil Kautzsch Wilhelm Gesenius’ Hebräische Grammatik,Leipzig: F.C.G. Vogel, 281910

GKBUrsula Verhoeven, Grillen, Kochen, Backen im Alltag und im Ritual Altaä-gyptens: Ein lexikographischer Beitrag (Rites égyptiens, 4), Bruxelles: FondationEgyptologique Reine Elisabeth, 1984

GKCWilhelm Gesenius, Emil Kautzsch & Arthur E. Cowley, Gesenius’ Hebrew Gram-mar, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 21910

HAAIBAssaf Yasur-Landau, Laura B. Mazow & Jennie R. Ebeling (eds.), HouseholdArchaeology in Ancient Israel and Beyond (CHANE, 50), Leiden: Brill, 2011

database-כלי 17

HAEJohannes Renz & Wolfgang Röllig, Handbuch der althebräischen Epigraphik,3 vols., Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1995 (vols. I, II/1, III),2003 (vol. II/2)

HAHATsee: Ges18

HALsee below, and also: GHAL

HALLudwig Koehler, Walter Baumgartner & Johann J. Stamm, Hebräisches undaramäisches Lexikon zum Alten Testament, Leiden: Brill, 31967-95

HALOTLudwig Koehler, Walter Baumgartner & Johann J. Stamm, The Hebrew andAramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, tr. and ed. Mervyn E.J. Richardson,Leiden: Brill, 1994-2000

HAWATEduard König, Hebräisches und aramäisches Wörterbuch zum Alten Testament,Leipzig: Dieterich’sche Verlagbuchhandlung, 2-31922

HBCEThe Hebrew Bible: A Critical Edition (Atlanta [GA]: SBL Press)

HCDavid C. Hopkins, The Highlands of Canaan (The Social World of Biblical An-tiquity Series, 3), Sheffield/ Decatur (GA): Almond 1985

HCAWolf Leslau, Hebrew Cognates in Amharic, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1969

HCHATJulius Fürst & Viktor Ryssel, Hebräisches und chaldäisches Handwörterbuch überdas Alte Testament, 2 vols., Leipzig: Tauchnitz, 31876

HCOTThe Historical Commentary on the Old Testament (Kampen: Kok/ Leuven: Pee-ters)

HdOHandbuch der Orientalistik (Leiden: Brill)

HerBStHerders Biblische Studien (Freiburg i.B.: Herder)

HGHSsee: BL

18 Abbreviations

HIFrederick W. Dobbs-Alsopp et al. (eds.), Hebrew Inscriptions: Texts from theBiblical Period of the Monarchy with Concordance, New Haven (CT): Yale Uni-versity Press, 2004

HISTakamitsu Muraoka, Hebrew/Aramaic Index to the Septuagint: Keyed to theHatch-Redpath Concordance, Grand Rapids (MI): Baker Books, 1998

HKATHandkommentar zum Alten Testament (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht)

HLBHFrederick E. Greenspahn, Hapax Legomena in Biblical Hebrew: a Study of thePhenomenon and its Treatment Since Antiquity with Special Reference to VerbalForms (SBL.DS, 74), Chico (CA): Scholars Press, 1984

HSEDVladimir E. Orel & Olga V. Stolbova, Hamito-Semitic Etymological Dictionary:Materials for a Reconstruction (HdO, 18), Leiden: Brill, 1995

HRCSEdwin Hatch & Henry A. Redpath, A Concordance to the Septuagint and theOther Greek Versions of the Old Testament (Including the Apocryphal Books)Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1897-1906 (repr. Grand Rapids (MI): Baker Books,1983; 21998)

HThKATHerders Theologischer Kommentar Zum Alten Testament (Freiburg: Herder)

HTATManfred Weippert, Historisches Textbuch zum Alten Testament (Grundrisse zumAlten Testament, 10), Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2010

HWJohannes Friedrich et al., Hethitisches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Winter, 1952;1. Ergänzungsheft, Heidelberg: Winter, 1957; 2. Ergänzungsheft, Heidelberg:Winter, 1961; 3. Ergänzungsheft, Heidelberg: Winter, 1966

HWATCarl Siegfried & Bernhard Stade, Hebräisches Wörterbuch zum Alten Testa-mente, Leipzig: Veit & Comp., 1893

IATsee: De Vaux, IAT

IBDJames D. Douglas et al. (eds.), The Illustrated Bible Dictionary, 4 vols., Leices-ter: Inter-Varsity Press, 1980

database-כלי 19

IBHSBruce K. Waltke & Michael O’Connor, An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syn-tax, Winona Lake (IN): Eisenbrauns, 1990

ICCThe International Critical Commentary on the Holy Scriptures of the Old andNew Testaments (Edinburgh/ London: T & T Clark)

IDBGeorge A. Buttrick (ed.), The Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible: An Illus-trated Encyclopedia, 4 vols., Nashville: Abingdon, 1962

IDB.Ssee: IDBSup

IDBSupKeith Crim (ed.), The Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible: An Illustrated En-cyclopedia: Supplementary Volume, Nashville: Abingdon, 1976

ISBEGeorge W. Bromiley (ed.), International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, GrandRapids (MI): Eerdmans, 31979-88.

JAEIJournal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections (Tucson [AZ]: → JAEI )1

Jastrow, DTTM. Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi,and the Midrashic Literature, 2 vols., London: Luzac / New York: Putnam, 1886-1903 (repr. Peabody [MA]: Hendrickson Publishers, 2003)

JJSJournal of Jewish Studies (Oxford: Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Stud-ies)

JLThomas M. Johnstone, Jibbali Lexicon, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981

JNSLJournal of Northwest Semitic Languages (Stellenbosch: University of Stellen-bosch)

Joüon, GHBPaul Joüon, Grammaire de l’hébreu biblique, Rome: Institut Biblique Pontifical,21947

Joüon-Muraoka, GBHPaul Joüon & Takamitsu Muraoka, A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew, 2 vols.,(SubBi, 14), Roma: Editrice Pontificio Istituto Biblico, 1991

1 Click the link, or go to: https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/jaei.

20 Abbreviations

Joüon-Muraoka, GBHrevPaul Joüon & Takamitsu Muraoka, A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew, rev.ed.(SubBi, 27), Roma: Editrice Pontificio Istituto Biblico, 2006

JPSsee: NJPS

JSOTSupJournal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series (Sheffield: JSOTPress/ Sheffield Academic Press)

KAHALWalter Dietrich & Samuel Arnet (Hrsg.), Konzise und aktualisierte Ausgabe desHebräischen und Aramäischen Lexikons zum Alten Testament, Leiden: Brill,2013

KAIHerbert Donner & Wolfgang Röllig, Kanaanäische und aramäische Inschriften,3 vols., Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 21966-69

KATKommentar zum Alten Testament (Gütersloh: Gerd Mohn)

KBLLudwig Koehler & Walter Baumgartner, Lexicon in Veteris Testamenti libros,Leiden: Brill, 1953; Supplementum, Leiden: Brill, 1958

KBSDe Bijbel uit de grondtekst vertaald: Willibrordvertaling, Boxtel: Katholieke Bij-belstichting, 1980

KHWolfhart Westendorf, Koptisches Handwörterbuch (bearb. auf Grund des Koptis-chen Handworterbuchs von Wilhelm Spiegelberg), Heidelberg: Winter, 1965-77

KHBHYehoshua Brand, התלמוד בספרות החרס כלי (Ceramics in Talmudic Literature),Jerusalem: Kook, 1953

KJVKing James Version (1611)

KTUManfried Dietrich, Oswald Loretz & Joaquin Sanmartín, Die keilalphabetischenTeste aus Ugarit: Einschließlich der keilalphabetischen Texte außerhalb Ugarits,Teil 1: Transkription (AOAT, 24/1), Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag1976

KTU 2

Manfried Dietrich, Oswald Loretz & Joaquin Sanmartín, The Cuneiform Alpha-

database-כלי 21

betic Texts from Ugarit, Ras Ibn Hani and Other Places (KTU: second, enlargededition; ALASP, 8), Münster: Ugarit Verlag, 1995

KTU 3

Manfried Dietrich, Oswald Loretz & Joaquin Sanmartín, Die keilalphabetischenTexte aus Ugarit, Ras Ibn Hani und anderen Orten - The Cuneiform AlphabeticTexts from Ugarit, Ras Ibn Hani and Other Places (Third, enlarged edition;AOAT, 360/1), Münster: Ugarit Verlag, 2013

KWUJosef Tropper, Kleines Wörterbuch des Ugaritischen (Elementa Linguarum Ori-entis, 4), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2008

LÄWolfgang Helck, Eberhard Otto & Wolfhart Westendorf (Hrsg.), Lexikon derÄgyptologie, 7 vols., Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1972-92

LALGeorg W. Freytag, Lexicon Arabico-Latinum, 4 vols., Halis Saxonum: Schwet-schke, 1830-37

LaneEdward W. Lane, An Arabic-English Lexicon, 8 vols., London 1863-93 (repr. NewYork 1955-56)

LBIPhilip J. King & Lawrence E. Stager, Life in Biblical Israel, Louisville (KY):Westminster John Knox Press, 2001

LDsee: Lewis & Short, LD

LEH1

Johan Lust, Erik Eynikel & Katrin Hauspie, A Greek-English Lexicon of theSeptuagint, 2 vols., Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1992-96

LEH2

Johan Lust, Erik Eynikel & Katrin Hauspie, A Greek-English Lexicon of theSeptuagint, Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 22003

Levy, CWTJacob Levy, Chaldäisches Wörterbuch über die Targumim und eine grossen Theildes rabbinischen Schriftthums, 2 vols., Leipzig: Baumgärtner’s Buchhandlung,1867-68

Lewis & Short, LDCharlton T. Lewis & Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: ClarendonPress, 1879 (repr. 2002)

22 Abbreviations

LGAMax Wagner, Die lexikalischen und grammatikalischen Aramaismen im alttesta-mentlichen Hebräisch (BZAW, 96), Berlin: De Gruyter, 1966

LHAsee: Zorell

LIQStephen D. Ricks, Lexicon of Inscriptional Qatabanian, Roma: Editrice PontificioIstituto Biblico, 1989

LLAeC.F. August Dillmann & Werner Munzinger, Lexicon linguae aethiopicae, Leip-zig: T.O. Weigel, 1865 (repr. New York: Ungar, 1955)

LMHCGeorg B. Winer, Lexicon manuale hebraicum et chaldaicum in Veteris Testamentilibros, Lipsiae: F. Fleischer, 1828

LOPAIWilliam G. Dever, The Lives of Ordinary People in Ancient Israel: Where Ar-chaeology and the Bible Intersect, Grand Rapids (MI): Eerdmans, 2012

LSJHenry G. Liddell, Robert Scott, & Henry S. Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon,9Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1940; Peter G.W. Glare, Revised Supplement,Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996

LSoqWolf Leslau, Lexique soqotri (sudarabique moderne) avec comparaisons et expli-cations étymologiques (Collection Linguistique, 41), Paris: Klincksieck, 1938

LSUWilfred G.E. Watson Lexical Studies in Ugaritic (AuOr.S, 19), Barcelona: Edi-torial AUSA, 2007

LSyrCarl Brockelmann, Lexicon Syriacum, Halis Saxonum: Max Niemeyer, 21928

LXX.DSeptuaginta Deutsch

LXX.HHandbuch zur Septuaginta (Gutersloh: Gutersloher Verlagshaus)

MCBFerdinand E. Deist, The Material Culture of the Bible: An Introduction (BiSe,70), Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 2000

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MDEthel S. Drower & Rudolph Macuch, A Mandaic Dictionary, Oxford: Claredon,1963

MHHMenachem Z. Kaddari, תי״ו עד מאל״ף המקרא לשון אוצר המקראית: העברית מילון (Dictio-nary of Biblical Hebrew [Alef-Taw]), Ramat-Gan: Bar Ilan U.P., 2006

MLThomas M. Johnstone, Mehri Lexicon and English-Mehri Word-list, London:School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 1987

MMHBCornelis W. Notebaart, Metallurgical Metaphors in the Hebrew Bible (ACEBT.SS, 9), Bergambacht (nl): 2VM Uitgeverij, 2010

Montanari, BDAGFranco Montanari, The Brill Dictionary of Ancient Greek tr. and ed. MadeleineGoh & Chad Schroeder, Leiden: Brill, 2015

NASBThe New American Standard Bible (1971)

NASVsee: NASB

NBGVertaling van het Nederlands Bijbelgenootschap (1951)

NBVNieuwe Bijbelvertaling (2004)

NEBThe New English Bible (1970)

NETSAlbert Pietersma & Benjamin G. Wright (eds.), A New English Translation ofthe Septuagint and the Other Greek Translations Traditionally Included underThat Title, New York: Oxford University Press, 2007

NICOTThe New International Commentary on the Old Testament (Grand Rapids [MI]:Eerdmans Publishing)

NIDBKatharine Doob Sakenfeld (ed.), The New Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible,5 vols., Nashville (TN): Abingdon, 2006-09

NIDOTTEWillem A. van Gemeren (ed.), New International Dictionary of Old TestamentTheology and Exegesis, 5 vols., Grand Rapids (MI): Zondervan, 1997

24 Abbreviations

NJPSTanakh - The Holy Scriptures: A New Translation of the Holy Scriptures ac-cording to the Traditional Hebrew Text, Philadelphia (PA): Jewish PublicationSociety, 1985

NRSVNew Revised Standard Version (1989)

OLDPeter G.W. Glare et al. (eds.), Oxford Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon,1982

Payne Smith, CSDJessie Payne Smith (Mrs. Margoliouth; ed.), A Compendious Syriac Dictionary:founded upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, Oxford: ClarendonPress, 1903 (repr. Winona Lake [IN]: Eisenbrauns, 1998)

Payne Smith, TSRobert Payne Smith, Thesaurus syriacus, 2 vols., Oxford: Claredon Press, 1879-1901 (repr. Hildesheim: Olms, 1981)

PLBLTodd Bolen, Pictorial Library of Bible Lands, 10 vols. on DVD, Grand Rapids(MI): BiblePlaces.com, 2005

PLBL-2Todd Bolen, Pictorial Library of Bible Lands: Revised and Expanded, 18 vols. onDVD, Grand Rapids (MI): BiblePlaces.com, 2012

PPDCharles R. Krahmalkov, Phoenician-Punic Dictionary (OLA, 90), Leuven: Pee-ters, 2000

PPSECharles W. Wilson, Picturesque Palestine, Sinai and Egypt, 4 vols., London: J.S.Virtue, 1880-84

PredOTDe Prediking van het Oude Testament (Nijkerk: Callenbach / Kampen: Kok)

REBThe Revised English Bible (1989)

RLAErich Ebeling et al. (eds.), Reallexikon der Assyriologie, Bd. 1-, Berlin: deGruyter, 1928-

RSPLoren R. Fisher (ed.), Ras Shamra Parallels: The Texts from Ugarit and theHebrew Bible, vol. I (AnOr, 49), Roma: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, 1972;

database-כלי 25

vol. II (AnOr, 50), Roma: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, 1975; Stan Rummel(ed.), vol. III (AnOr, 51), Roma: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, 1981

RSVRevised Standard Version (1952, 1971)

Salonen, AgriculturaArmas Salonen, Agricultura mesopotamica nach sumerisch-akkadischen Quellen(AASF, Ser. B, 149), Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, 1968

Salonen, FischereiArmas Salonen, Die Fischerei im Alten Mesopotamien nach sumerisch-akkadi-schen Quellen (AASF, Ser. B, 166), Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, 1970

Salonen, HausgeräteArmas Salonen, Die Hausgeräte der alten Mesopotamier nach sumerisch-akkadi-schen Quellen (AASF, Ser. B, 139/144), 2 Teile, Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiede-akatemia, 1965-66

Salonen, JagdArmas Salonen, Jagd und Jagdtiere im alten Mesopotamien (AASF, Ser. B, 196),Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, 1976

Salonen, LandfahrzeugeArmas Salonen, Die Landfahrzeuge des alten Mesopotamien (AASF, Ser. B, 72),Helsinki: Finnische Literatur-Gesellschaft, 1951

Salonen, MöbelArmas Salonen, Die Möbel des alten Mesopotamien (AASF, Ser. B, 127), Helsinki:Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, 1963

Salonen, TürenArmas Salonen, Die Türen des alten Mesopotamien (AASF, Ser. B, 124), Helsinki:Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, 1961

Salonen, VögelArmas Salonen, Vögel und Vogelfang im alten Mesopotamien (AASF, Ser. B,180), Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, 1973

SATRobert J. Forbes, Studies in Ancient Technology, 9 vols., Leiden: Brill, 21964-72

SDAlfred F.L. Beeston, Sabaic Dictionary, Louvain-la-Neuve: Peeters/ Beyrouth:Librairie du Liban, 1982

SDAReinhart Dozy, Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes, 2 vols., Leyde: Brill, 1881(repr. Beyrouth: Librairie du Liban, 1991)

26 Abbreviations

SELStudi epigrafici e linguistici sul Vicino Oriente antico (Verona: Essedue Edizioni)

SFGHeinrich Lewy, Die semitischen Fremdwörter im Griechischen, Berlin: Gaertner,1895 (repr. Hildesheim: Georg Olms, 1970)

SLBsee: Sokoloff, SLB

SLLAeSylvain Grébaut, Supplément au Lexicon linguae aethiopicae de August Dillmann(1865) et edition du lexique de Juste d’Urbin (1850-1855), Paris: Impr. Natio-nale, 1952

SLOCGEdouard Lipiński, Semitic Languages: Outline of a Comparative Grammar (OLA,80), Leuven: Peeters, 1997

SNHLJehuda L. Palache, Semantic Notes on the Hebrew Lexicon (tr. and ed. by R.J.Zwi Werblowsky), Leiden: Brill, 1959

Sokoloff, DJBAMichael Sokoloff, A Dictionary of Jewish Babylonian Aramaic of the Talmudicand Geonic Periods, Ramat-Gan: Bar Ilan University Press, 2002

Sokoloff, DJPAMichael Sokoloff, A Dictionary of Jewish Palestinian Aramaic of the ByzantinePeriod, Ramat-Gan: Bar Ilan University Press, 22002

Sokoloff, SLBMichael Sokoloff, A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction,Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann’s Lexicon Syriacum, Piscataway: Gor-gias Press, 2009

SPsee: WSP

STOTDominique Barthélemy, Studies in the Text of the Old Testament: An Intro-duction to the Hebrew Old Testament Text Project (Textual Criticism and theTranslator, 3), Winona Lake (IN): Eisenbrauns, 2012

STPAbraham Tal, The Samaritan Targum of the Pentateuch: A Critical Edition, 3vols., Tel-Aviv: Tel-Aviv University, 1980-83

STSJessie Payne Smith (Margoliouth), Supplement to the Thesaurus Syriacus of

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R. Payne Smith, Oxford: Claredon Press, 1927StV

Statenvertaling (1637)SVT

Supplements to Vetus Testamentum (Leiden: Brill)SWET

James E. Hoch, Semitic Words in Egyptian Texts of the New Kingdom and ThirdIntermediate Period, Princeton (NJ): Princeton University Press, 1994

TASamuel Krauss, Talmudische Archäologie, 3 vols., Leipzig: G. Fock, 1910-12

TADBezalel Porten & Ada Yardeni, Textbook of Aramaic Documents from AncientEgypt, vol. 1- , Jerusalem: Hebrew University, Department of the History of theJewish People 1986-

TADTPAIssam Halayqa, Traditional Agricultural and Domestic Tools in Palestinian Ara-bic: An Ethnographic and Lexical Study (Semitica Viva, 54), Wiesbaden: Har-rassowitz, 2014

Tal, DSAAbraham Tal, A Dictionary of Samaritan Aramaic, 2 vols., Leiden: Brill, 2000

TCHB3

Emanuel Tov, Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible, Minneapolis (MN): FortressPress, 32012

TDNTGerhard Kittel et al. (eds.), Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, 10vols., tr. and ed. by Geoffrey W. Bromiley, Grand Rapids (MI): Eerdmans Pub-lishing, 1964-76

TDOTG. Johannes Botterweck et al. (eds.), Theological Dictionary of the Old Testa-ment, 16 vols., tr. by John T. Willis, Grand Rapids (MI): Eerdmans Publishing,1974-2018

THATErnst Jenni & Claus Westermann (eds.), Theologisches Handwörterbuch zum Al-ten Testament, 2 vols., München: Chr. Kaiser Verlag, 1971-76

THBArmin Lange & Emanuel Tov (eds.), Textual History of the Bible: The HebrewBible, Volumes 1a-c, Leiden: Brill, 2016-17 ↑Back

28 Abbreviations

ThWATG. Johannes Botterweck et al. (eds.), Theologisches Wörterbuch zum Alten Tes-tament, 10 vols., Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1973-2015.

ThWNTGerhard Kittel et al. (eds.), Theologisches Wörterbuch zum Neuen Testament,10 vols., Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1933-79

TLBSamuel E. Loewenstamm & Joshua Blau, ומלון שלמה קונקורדנציה המקרא: לשון אוצרואנגלי עברי (Thesaurus of the Language of the Bible: Complete Concordance,Hebrew-English Dictionary, vol. 1-3, Jerusalem: Bible Concordance Press,1957-68

TPCsee: Gesenius, TPC

TSsee: Payne Smith, TS

TUATOtto Kaiser (Hrsg.), Texte aus der Umwelt des Alten Testaments, Gutersloh:Mohn, 1984-2001

TUAT.NFOtto Kaiser, Bernd Janowski & Gernot Wilhelm (Hrsg.), Texte aus der Umweltdes Alten Testaments: Neue Folge, Gutersloh: Mohn, 2004-

UFUgarit-Forschungen: Internationales Jahrbuch fur die Altertumskunde Syrien-Palastinas Kevelaer: Butzon & Bercker/ Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Ver-lag/ Münster: Ugarit Verlag, 1969-

UGJosef Tropper, Ugaritische Grammatik (AOAT, 273), Münster: Ugarit Verlag,2000

UTCyrus H. Gordon, Ugaritic Textbook (AnOr, 38), Rome: Pontifical Biblical In-stitute, 1965

VLRMMichaël Guichard, La vaisselle de luxe des rois de Mari (ARM, 31), Paris: Edi-tions Recherche sur les civilisations, 2005

VHBVerklaring van de Hebreeuwse Bijbel (Nijkerk: Callenbach / Kampen: Kok)

VTVetus Testamentum (Leiden: Brill)

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WÄSAdolf Erman & Hermann Grapow, Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, 7 vols.,Berlin / Leipzig: Akademie-Verlag, 1926-63

WBCWord Biblical Commentary (Waco [TX]: Word Books)

WCWestminster Commentaries (London: Methuen & Co.)

WehrHans Wehr, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, ed. J. Milton Cowan,Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 41979

WKASJorg Kraemer et al (Hrsg.), Wörterbuch der klassischen arabischen Sprache,Bd. 1- , Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1970-

WOPRafi Frankel, Wine and Oil Production in Antiquity in Israel and Other Mediter-ranean Countries (JSOT/ ASOR Monograph Series, 10), Sheffield: Sheffield Aca-demic Press, 1999

WSEmarEugen J. Pentiuc, West Semitic Vocabulary in the Akkadian Texts from Emar(HSS, 49), Winona Lake (IN): Eisenbrauns, 2001

WSPRainer Hannig & Petra Vomberg, Kulturhandbuch Ägyptens: Wortschatz derPharaonen in Sachgruppen (Hannig-Lexica, 2), Mainz: Von Zabern, 1995

WTMJacob Levy, Wörterbuch über die Talmudim und Midraschim, 4 vols., Berlin/Wien: Harz, 21924 (repr. 1963)

WTSEnno Littmann & Maria Hofner, Wörterbuch der Tigre-Sprache, Wiesbaden:Steiner, 1962

WUNTWissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament (Tubingen: Mohr Sie-beck)

WUSJoseph Aistleitner, Wörterbuch der ugaritischen Sprache, Hrsg. v. Otto Eissfeldt,Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 21965

WVsee: KBS

30 Abbreviations

ZABRZeitschrift für Altorientalische und Biblische Rechtsgeschichte (Wiesbaden: Har-rassowitz)

ZBKATZürcher Bibelkommentare AT (Zürich: Theologischer Verlag)

ZIBBCJohn H. Walton (ed.), Zondervan Illustrated Bible Backgrounds Commentary, 5vols., Grand Rapids (MI): Zondervan, 2009

ZorellFranz Zorell, Lexicon Hebraicum et Aramaicum Veteris Testamenti, Roma: Pon-tifical Biblical Institute, 1968

Raymond de Hoop &Johannes C. de MoorLast update: September 9, 2019