Create Part � Name : Hinge-hole

3D

Defomable body

Solid

Extrusion

Approximate size:0.2

Select the tool rectangle

Sketch an arbitrary rectangle

Dimension top and left edge 0.04

Done

Edit base extrusion

Depth = 0.04

Add the flange at the base future

Create solid extrude � Select one face (XY plane) then select the extreme right edge to

position the

part correctly in the sketcher

Use connected lines tool .

Sketch the rectangular part of the flange by drawing 3 lines

Use the constrain tool

Constrain the bottom and the top lines so that each is horizontal

Put equal length

Dimension one line to be 0.02

Add semi-circular arc using 3 point

Create arc thru 3 pt � Select the two vertices at the open end of the rectangle as the

endpoints of the arc, starting with the top one. Select any point to

the right of the sketch as a point that lies on the arc.

Define tangent constraints between the ends of the arc and the horizontal lines to refine

the sketch

Select the center-perimeter circle tool to sketch the flange hole

Create circle centre and perimeter � place the centre of the circle at the centre of the arc

Apply concentric constraint between the 2

Dimension he circle R=0.01

Done

Edit Extrusion tool box � Type : blind

Depth: 0.02

Choose the right direction for the extrusion

Keep internal boundaries

OK

Edit the solid extrusion 2 then change the radius from 0.01 to 0.012

Regenerate the solid

Creating a hole in the flange

Create the sketch plan

Tools � Datum � create datum

Type: point

Enter parameter

Select the curved edge

Enter 0.75 as the normalized edge parameter or 0.25 as the normalized edge parameter if

the arrow points in the opposite direction.

Create a datum axis that will define the normal to the datum plane

Choose the Axis datum type

Choose the 2 point method

Choose the point at the centre of the hole and the datum point at the curved edge

Create a datum plan normal to the datum axis

Choose the Plane datum type

Then click on point and normal

Select the datum point on the curved edge

Then select the datum axis

Sketching the lubrication hole

Tools � Datum � Type = point

Method = Enter parameter

Select the second curved edge then enter 0.75/0.25 as the normalized edge parameter.

Datum tool box � Type = point

Method = Midway between 2 points

Then select the first point on the first curved edge and the second point on the second

curved edge.

Select Shape cut extrude

• Click the boundary of the datum plane to select it as the plane on which to sketch

• Select the top rear edge of the cube as the edge that will appear vertical and on the

right side of the sketch

Select the circle tool Select the datum point on the center of the flange to indicate the center of the circle

Select any other point, and click mouse button 1

Add dimension � r =0.003

Done

Edit cut extrusion � select up to face

OK

Choose the cylindrical inner surface

OK

Create material � Name: steel

Mechanical � Elasticity � Elastic

E=209e9, nu = 0.3

OK

Create section � Name : Solid section

Solid

Homogeneous

Assign section � drag a rectangle to select all the part

Done

Choose solidsection

OK

Creating and modifying the second hinge part

• In the Model Tree, click mouse button 3 on Hingehole underneath the Parts

container and select Copy from the menu that appears.

• In the text box in the Part Copy dialog box, type Hingesolid, and click OK.

Now you will create a solid hinge piece by deleting the features that form the lubrication

hole.

• In the Model Tree, double-click Hingesolid underneath the Parts container to

make it current.

• Expand the Features container underneath Hingesolid.

• Click mouse button 3 on Datum pt-1 in the list of part features.

• Select Delete

Creating the pin Create Part � Name = pin

Modeling space = 3D

Type = Analytical rigid

Base Feature = Revolved shell

Approximate size = 0.2

Continue

Select the connected lines tool .

Sketch a vertical line to the right of the axis.

Dimension from the vertical line to the axis = 0.012

Dimension the vertical length of the line = 0.06.

Click mouse button 2 to exit the Sketcher.

Assigning the rigid body reference point

From the main menu bar, select Tools Reference Point.

Select one of the vertices on the circumference of the pin.

Assembling the model.

Creating instances of your parts

• To create an instance of the hinge piece with the lubrication hole:

Create instance � Parts = select hingehole

Apply

Note: The default position of a part instance is such that the origin and the X- and Y-axes

of the sketch of the base feature align with the origin and the X- and Y-axes of the global

coordinate system. For example, the base feature of the hinge piece is the original cube

you created.

• To create an instance of the hinge piece without the lubrication hole:

Create instance � Parts = select hingesolid

Toggle Auto-offset from other instances.

OK To position the solid hinge piece: First, constrain the solid hinge piece so that the two flanges face each other. From the

main menu bar, select Constraint Face to Face.

Select the face of the movable hinge first

Select the face of the fixed hinge

Check the direction of the arrows, then validate by OK

Type the clearance 0.04 in the prompt area (distance that will remain between 2 parts),

then validate.

Select Constraint Coaxial.

Select the flange hole on the movable part (hinge without hole)

Select the flange hole on the fixed part

Check the direction of the arrows

Click OK

Select Constraint Edge to Edge.

Select straight edge on the movable instance

Select the corresponding edge on the solid hinge piece (fixed instance)

To position the pin:

Instance part � Create instance = pin

toggle off Auto-offset from other instances

ok

Create constraints � coaxial

Select the pin

Select the flange as the cylindrical surface of the fixed instance

Determining the position of the pin

Measure the distance between the top of the pin and the top of the flange hole

Tools � Query � Distance

Select 2 points as shown below

To position the pin symmetrically

Instance Translate.

Select the pin then click Done

Enter in the prompt area the first point of the translation vector (0, 0, 0)

Enter the second point of the translation vector (0, 0, 0.02)

Convert all position constraints to absolute positions.

Instance Convert Constraints. Select all part instances, and click Done in the prompt

area.

Defining the steps analysis

• In the initial step you apply boundary conditions to regions of the model and

define contact between regions of the model.

• In the first general analysis step you allow contact to become established.

• In the second general analysis step you modify two of the boundary conditions

applied to the model and apply a pressure load to one of the hinge pieces.

Create step � Name = contact

Static general

Continue

Description = establish contact

Incrementation = 0.1 (for the initial increment size)

ok

Create step � Name = load

Static general

Continue

Description = pressure

Incrementation = 0.1 (for the initial increment size)

ok

Requesting output The default field output variables for the Contact and Load steps include the following:

• S (Stress components)

• PE (Plastic strain components)

• PEEQ (Equivalent plastic strain)

• PEMAG (Plastic strain magnitude)

• LE (Logarithmic strain components)

• U (Translations and rotations)

• RF (Reaction forces and moments)

• CF (Concentrated forces and moments)

• CSTRESS (Contact stresses)

• CDISP (Contact displacements)

Field output request manager � contact step � Edit

Frequency = last increment

Ok

�Load step �Set the output frequency to 1 to generate

output during every increment of the step.

OK

Dismiss

Selecting a degree of freedom to monitor

In this example you will define a node set consisting of a single node. You will then be

able to monitor the results for one degree of freedom at that node when you submit your

job for analysis later in this tutorial.

To create a set and monitor a particular degree of freedom:

Tools � sets � create � Name = monitor

Continue

Select the vertex of the solid hinge piece shown below

Click Done

Output DOF Monitor = Toggle on Monitor a degree of freedom throughout the

analysis

Region = Edit, then then click Points in the prompt area and choose the node

set Monitor.

Degree of freedom = 1

Creating surfaces to use in contact interactions

You will define the following surfaces:

• A surface named Pin that includes the outside surface of the pin.

• Two surfaces named Flange-h and Flange-s that include the two flange faces

that contact each other.

• Two surfaces named Inside-h and Inside-s that include the inside surfaces of

the flanges that contact the pin.

Defining a surface on the pin To display only a single part instance in the assembly:

View Assembly Display Options.

Instance tab

Click visible or not visible to the part to the instance to be shown or not

Apply / OK

Tools � surface � Name = Pin

Continue

Select the surface to be in contact with the hinge holes

OK

Defining the surfaces on the hinge part Display the part hingehole

Tools � surface � Name = flange-h

Continue

Select the surface as shown below

OK

Tools � surface � Name = inside-h

Continue

Select the surface as shown below

OK

Defining the surfaces on the hinge part (without hole) Display the part hingehole

Tools � surface � Name = flange-s

Continue

Select the surface as shown above

OK

Tools � surface � Name = inside-s

Continue

Select the surface as shown above

OK

Defining contact between regions of the model

You will define the following interactions:

• An interaction called HingePin-hole that defines the contact between the part

instance Hinge-hole-1 and the pin.

• An interaction called HingePin-solid that defines the contact between the part

instance Hinge-solid-1 and the pin.

• An interaction called Flanges that defines the contact between the two flanges.

Creating an interaction property

Create interaction property � Name =Nofric

Type = contact

Continue

Mechanical � Tangential behavior � Frictionless

OK

Creating an interaction property

Find contact pairs � click on find contact pairs

5 contact are identified

• Identify the contact pair between the hinge with the hole and the pin. Rename the

interaction HingePin-hole.

• Identify the contact pair between the solid hinge and the pin. Rename the

interaction HingePin-solid.

• Identify the contact pair between the flanges of the hinges and rename the

interaction Flanges

Select the column heading labeled Discretization and click mouse button 3. From the

menu that appears, select Edit cells. In the dialog box that appears, select Node-to-

surface and click OK.

OK

Applying boundary conditions and loads to the assembly

Create Boundary condition � Name = Fixed

Step = initial

Category = Mechanical

Type = displacement / rotation

Select the rear face of the hinge-hole

done

Fix all the DOF

OK

Create Boundary condition � Name = Noslip

Step = initial

Category = Mechanical

Type = displacement / rotation

Select the RP

Fix all DOF when establishing the contact

DOF 1 and 5 are unconstrained in load step

done

Fix all the DOF

OK

Create Boundary condition � Name = Constraint

Step = initial

Category = Mechanical

Type = displacement / rotation

Select the 1 point on the solid hinge

Fix all DOF when establishing the contact

DOF 1 is unconstrained in load step

done

Fix all the DOF

OK

Create load � Name = pressure

Step = load

Category = Mechanical

Type = pressure

Continue

Select the rear face of hinge-solid

Done

Magnitude = -1E6

Meshing the assembly

Deciding what needs to be partitioned

When you enter the Mesh module, Abaqus/CAE color codes regions of the model

according to the methods it will use to generate a mesh:

• Green indicates that a region can be meshed using structured methods.

• Yellow indicates that a region can be meshed using sweep methods.

• Orange indicates that a region cannot be meshed using the default element shape

assignment (hexahedral) and must be partitioned further.

Partitioning the Hinge hole part

Tools � Partition � create partition

Type = cell

Method = define cutting plan

Select the flange to be partitioned

Done

From the prompt area select 3 points

Select 3 non-colinear points that cut the flange

Done

Assigning mesh controls

Assign Mesh Controls � Select the whole part (hinge-hole)

Done

Element shape = HEX

Technique = sweep

Algorithm = medial axis

OK

Repeat the same steps for the hinge-solid

Assigning Abaqus element type

Assign abaqus element type � Select the entire part (hinge solid)

Done

Standard

Linear

3D stress

Linear

HEX element

Reduced integration

OK

Done

Repeat the same steps for the hinge-hole

Seeding the part instances Seed part � approximate global element size =0.004

OK

Repeat the same steps for the hinge-hole

Meshing the assembly Mesh part � OK

Repeat the same steps for the hinge-hole

Creating and submitting a job Job Module

Job Manager � create � Name = Hinge

Continue

OK

Submit