T codesSM37 Job selectionSM59 Maintain RFC destinations SM50 To cancel a background job SM30 Maintain DB tables (TMG)SM36 Scheduling a background jobSM12 Display / Delete lock entriesSMOD SAP Enhancement ManagementSM51 List of SAP SystemsSM62 Display / Maintain events in SAP (also use FM:BP_EVENT_RAISE)

The T codes the starts with suffix M are Maintenance transaction codes in SAP.

STMS T code to find out which test system my current development system is connected toSE54 TMG or Utilities -> TMGSE78 T code to store images (graphics) Why SAP Scripts are client dependent and smart forms are client independent? Short Answer: Because SAP Scripts use text symbols to display stuff from driver program and Smart forms do it via function modules. Smart forms will be executed through a function module i.e., when a print program calls a Smart Form, the form itself takes over to produce output, without any further direction from print program. Unlike text symbols the FMs are client independent hence the proof.http://www.saptechnical.com/Tutorials/Smartforms/Client/dependency.htmParallel processing in ABAPhttp://sapignite.com/learn-parallel-processing-in-abap/Useful questions for interview purposeshttp://scn.sap.com/thread/268618Creating search help viewsWe can also provide database table or database view name there, but suppose if we want to get data as outer join then Help View is provided. It uses left outer join to select the data while database view uses inner join.SELECT-OPTIONS: so_werks FOR ekpo- werks MATCHCODE OBJECT ztest_help.http://saptechnical.com/Tutorials/ABAP/View/Help.htmCreating view clusterhttp://www.saptechnical.com/Tutorials/ABAP/Viewcluster/Page4.htmDifference between select single and select up to 1 row?SELECT SINGLE returns the first matching record for the given condition and it may not be unique, if there are more matching records for the given condition. No End Select required. You need to mention all the key fields of the table.SELECT ... UP TO 1 ROWS retrieves all the matching records and applies aggregation and ordering and returns the first record. End Select is required. You can use if you do not have all the primary key fields available.

According to SAP Performance course the SELECT UP TO 1 ROWS is faster than SELECT SINGLE because you are not using all the primary key fields.Difference between Type and Like?Type direct reference to the SAP predefined data types (or Data elements) by the data object.Ex: DATA var1 TYPE i.They do not occupy memory.

Like Indirect reference to SAP predefined data types (or Data elements) by the source data object for the given target data object.Ex: DATA var2 LIKE var1.They occupy memory.

What is a field symbol?

Field symbols are place holders or pointers for other fields. They do not take up any space but they point to its contents. A field symbol can point to any data object. The data object to which a field symbol points is assigned to it after it has been declared in the program.

Get and Set Parameter Example

DATA: var(10) TYPE c.var = 'test'.SET PARAMETER ID 'XYZ' VALUE var_1.you set the parameter XYZ to the value test in the global memory.You can then access this value in another program by getting it out of the memory usingDATA: var(10) TYPE c.GET PARAMETER ID 'XYZ' VALUE var_2.So with this you can pass parameters from program to program. Check also the F1 help for the set/get parameter statement. Uses SAP Memory and generally SP is used in PAI, GP is used in PBO.

Types of function modules

Broadly classified into three types namely: Normal FM, Remote enabled FM and Update FM

Types of classes Local classes, Global classes, Exception classes (CX_ROOT, CX_DYNAMIC_CHECK, CX_STATIC_CHECK), Assistance classes (CL_WD_COMPONENT_ASSISTANCE), Persistence classes, Data class, Delivery class.

Difference between Standard table, Sorted table and Hashed table?

Standard Table: These tables have a linear index and can be accessed using the index or the key. The response time is in linear relationship with number of table entries. Where this is used?These tables are useful when user wants to address individual table entries using the index. (APPEND)

By default TYPE TABLE (it is of type standard table) and TYPE STANDARD TABLE are the same.

Sorted Table: These tables also have an index and the key. But, the response time is in logarithmic relationship with number of table entries, since it uses binary search algorithm instead of linear search. Where this is used? These tables are useful when user wants the table to be sorted while additional entries have to be added. (INSERT)

Hashed Table: These tables have no index, but have the key. The response time is constant irrespective of number of table entries, since it uses a Hash algorithm.Where this is used?These tables are useful when user wants to access the entries with key only.(INSERT)INSERT wa INTO TABLE hs_itab

Difference between Transparent table, Cluster table and Pooled table?

Transparent table: It has a one- to- one relationship with a table in the database Table in the database has the same name as in the dictionary Transparent tables are used to holdapplication data Application data is the master data or transaction data used by an application These tables can be buffered and also secondary indexes can be created These tables can be accessed using a key field or without one Examples: MARA (Material Master), EKKO (Purchase order transactional)

After making changes to a table, in order to reflect the changes go to transaction SE14 and Choose Edit and then chooseActivate and Adjust Database.ORYou can directly activate it from the SE11. Go to Utilities-> Database Object -> Database Utility -> Activate and Adjust Database.

Pooled table:These are logical tables that must be assigned to a table pool when they are defined. Pooled tables are used to store control data.Several pooled tables can be combined in a table pool. The data of these pooled tables is then sorted in a common table in the database.

The basic idea of the table pool is the storage of data records from the tables defined in ABAP dictionary that are not dependent on one another. Intersection of key fields of the tables which are combined is empty. Ex: RFCDOC It has many-to-one relationship with a table in the database Used to hold system data, such as System configuration information, or historical and statistical data Itis a database table with a special structure that enables the data of many R/3 tables to be stored within it. It can only hold pooled tables Pooled tables are primarily used by SAP to hold customizing data During initial implementation of the system the data in the customizing tables is set up by a functional analyst A table in the database in which all records from the pooled tables assigned to the table pool are stored corresponds to a table pool

These tables should be accessed via primary key. They should be buffered and we cannot create a secondary index for them.Ex: Look up tables, match codes

Cluster table:Cluster tables are logical tables that must be assigned to a table cluster when they are defined. Cluster tables can be used to store control data. They can also be used to store temporary data or texts, such as documentation.

The idea of cluster tables is that you store functionally dependent data which is divided among different tables in one database table.Ex: CDPOS

These tables can be accessed via primary key or without one but the catch is without the primary key DB access will be slow. No secondary indexes can be created (Index disabled in BSEG). Statistical SQL functions (SUM COUNT MAX AVG MIN etc.) are not supported. These tables cannot be buffered. Ex: BSEG

Views

Usually functionally depend data spread across multiple tables; we can be brought together by means of a view. A view is a logical view on one or more tables i.e., a view is not actually physically stored, instead being derived from one or more other tables.

Benefits of View are:

Views can hide complexityIf you have a query that requires joining several tables, or has complex logic or calculations, you can code all that logic into a view, then select from the view just like you would a table. Views can be used as a security mechanismA view can select certain columns and/or rows from a table, and permissions set on the view instead of the underlying tables. This allows surfacing only the data that a user needs to see.

Types of Views in SAP

Database View:Database views are implement an inner join, that is, only records of the primary table (selected via the join operation) for which the corresponding records of the secondary tables also exist are fetched. Inconsistencies between primary and secondary table could, therefore, lead to a reduced selection set.

In database views, the join conditions can be formulated using equality relationships between any base fields. In the other types of view, they must be taken from existing foreign keys. That is, tables can only be collected in maintenance or help view if they are linked to one another via foreign keys.

Projection View:Projection views are used to suppress or mask certain fields in a table (projection), thus minimizing the number of interfaces. This means that only the data that is actually required is exchanged when the database is accessed.

A projection view can draw upon only one table. Selection conditions cannot be specified for projection views.

Help ViewHelp views are used to output additional information when the online help system is called.When the F4 button is pressed for a screen field, a check is first made on whether a matchcode is defined for this field. If this is not the case, the help view is displayed in which the check table of the field is the primary table. Thus, for each table no more than one help view can be created, that is, a table can only be primary table in at most one help view. Uses left Outer Join

Maintenance ViewMaintenance views enable a business-oriented approach to looking at data, while at the same time, making it possible to maintain the data involved. Data from several tables can be summarized in a maintenance view and maintained collectively via this view. That is, the data is entered via the view and then distributed to the underlying tables by the system. Uses Outer Join

How to display table entries in an adobe form?

Depending upon the structure of the table create that many text textboxes. Bind these text boxes with table-column and that many text boxes will get automatically created depending upon the entries in the internal table. Ex: Internal table itab_person contains two fields namely name and age, this table consists of 5 entries.Now create two text fields in adobe text_field_1 (choose multiline)and text_field_2 (choose multiline). Bind the first field with name and the second with age. On execution of the form, five entries will get automatically created .

How to display layout based on conditions?

By making use of a special interface object called ALTERNATIVES and binding the UI elements to either TRUE or FALSE. Based on the outcome of this parameter the respective UI element gets displayed.

Hidden fields in DB tables?

They can be enabled by Goto -> Text Table. (Ex: T458A)

Difference between methods and events?

Event Handler: Event handler is a special method that is designed to be called when a User Interface Action occurs. It gets parameters that supply more information about the event. For example when you place a button on the screen, there is an action for when the button is pressed. The method that responds to this action is the event handler.

Methods: Method is a normal object oriented construct for encapsulating programming logic. It is a general term that refers to different types of groups of code. Both Supply Functions and Event Handlers are technically methods as well.

Note: We cannot call Form Endform (Subroutine) in a method because you are mixing up Procedural programing and object oriented programming. But we can call methods in Form Endform given only when the class is global.But there is a way in which we can call this subroutine and that is by using PERFORM IN PROGRAM testprogram USING....CHANGING .....

FM can be called in subroutines and vice versa is also possible given that subroutine include is in function group. Methods can be called inside FM and FM can be called in methods.

FM to pop up dialog box in reports?

FM: POPUP_TO_CONFIRM

Other FMs are POPUP_TO_CONFIRM_WITH_MESSAGE

Difference between customizing and workbench request?Short Answer:Workbench requests (Client Independent) are those that involve changes to cross-client customizing and repository objects. The objects are independent of the client. Hence the requests are used for transferring and transporting changed repository objects and changed system settings from cross-client tables. (Ex: code changes)Customizing requests (Client Dependent) involve changes recorded to client-specific customizing objects .These client specific requests are used for copying and transporting changed system settings from client-specific tables. (Ex: SM30 TMG, SAP Scripts, OOP Events, SPRO)

http://scn.sap.com/thread/1289150Enhancements Customer exits and BADIs refer to all modules like MM, SD, PP, FICO etc., where as User exits generally refer to SD module User Exits: User Exitis an ABAP form that is called by SAP standard programs. It is identified with a three character code that tells the SAP system that a custom chunk of code needs to be executed at a predefined point of a standard SAP program. The character codes look likeSXXorUXXwhereXXrepresents a two-digit number. If a code starts withSletter, it is a standarduser exitdelivered by SAP. If a code starts withUletter, it is a customuser exitdefined by a user. Inside auser exitit is possible to read and change almost any data (local or global) from the host SAP program. Therefore, user exits give you a lot of flexibility but this flexibility comes at a price of the higher risk to make a critical error that would lead to an ABAP dump or inconsistency in database records.User Exits are subroutine based (i.e, Form End form) and it is not preferred mainly because when we update the system (Ex: ERP 6.0 to 7.0) then all these implementations will be lost (or broken), and since we will directly touch the source code of the standard programs we will need an Access key to make changes in the system. User exits are also called MODIFICATIONS and are created in SAP namespace. Multiple implementations are not possible. USEREXIT_XXXBasic Exit Name: MV45AFOACustomer Exits: Customer Exitis an ABAP function that is called by SAP standard programs. It serves the same purpose asUser Exit: enabling users to add their own functionality to the standard SAP transactions. There are several types ofCustomer Exits: Menu Exits, Screen Exits, Function Module Exits, and Field Exits. UnlikeUser Exits,Customer Exitsare more restrictive in terms of what you can do with them because inside aCustomer Exityou can only access and manipulate the parameters specified with keywords import, export, changing, and tables. At the same time it is much safer to useCustomer ExitsthanUser Exitsbecause the risk to break something or create inconsistent database entries is low.Customer exits on the other hand are completely function module based and can be upgraded. They are easy to find and implement and you do not require an access key. They are also called ENHANCEMENTS and are created in Customer namespace i.e., FM holds the include in customer namespace and hence standard SAP code is not affected. Multiple implementations are not possible. CALL CUSTOMER FUNCTONBADIs (Business Add-In): BADIs (Business Add-Ins)are custom enhancements to the standard SAP system. You can insert them into the system to accommodate user requirements that are not very common and should not be present in the standard configuration of SAP. For instance, in a particular industry, you may have a specific requirement in a business process that cannot be covered by the standard functionality of SAP. This requirement can be addressed by creating a specialBADIthat will implement the missing functionality.BADIprovides similar customizing opportunities asCustomer Exitbut it is more powerful becauseBADIdoes not assume a two-level infrastructure (SAP system and customer developments) likeCustomer Exit.BADIallows more complex system infrastructure that can include SAP, country-specific versions, industry solutions, customer developments, and so on.

BADIs are powerful and can also have multiple implementations (execution of these are unknown i.e., not they get executed however they want, not in order). BADIs have OOPS based and can also have filters (i.e., we can specify execution conditions ex: if we set location as ZH then the BADI gets executed only in China)

What is the difference between them and when to use what?Probably, some differences betweenBADI,BAPI,User Exits, andCustomer Exitsare already clear based on the descriptions that we provided above. Nevertheless, let us elaborate a little bit. If you need to enhance the standard functionality of SAP, you should be looking atBADI,User Exits, orCustomer Exits. They all are created with the purpose of enabling a convenient plugging of new (custom) functions in the standard SAP programs using predefined hooks. These three enhancement interfaces offer more or less similar capabilities butBADIis currently the most advanced approach towards creating custom enhancements in the standard SAP functionality. On the other hand,BAPIserves more general purpose and simply provides an interface for accessing data and processes inside an SAP system. One of the most common applications ofBAPIis to enable connections between SAP and non-SAP system.Method to Find out Exits: http://scn.sap.com/docs/DOC-54384Wiki SCN link: http://wiki.scn.sap.com/wiki/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=189893877Understanding concepts:http://sap-certification.info/badi-vs-bapi-vs-user-exits-vs-customer-exits/How to find Customer Exits?http://scn.sap.com/thread/568493Demo on Screen, Menu, FM exits in once example (all customer exits)http://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/scn/go/portal/prtroot/docs/library/uuid/c062ce36-2478-2c10-6b93-d6f3ec85883f?QuickLink=index&overridelayout=true&44929653158267One more awesome example for Enhancements http://sapignite.com/menu-exit-in-sap-abap-with-tutorial/Interactive, Classical and Module Pool eventsInteractive:AT LINE SELECTIONAT PFAT PF STATUSAT USER COMMAND

Classical:

LOAD OF PROGRAMINITILIZATIONAT SELECTION-SCREEN OUTPUTAT SELECTION-SCREEN ON (Can be SO, parameter, radio button etc.) usually authority check coding, validations, making stuff visible/invisible etc. can be done here.AT SELECTION-SCREENAT SELECTION-SCREEN ON VALUE-REQUEST FOR (i.e., parameter)START-OF SELECTIONEND-OF SELECTION

Module Pool:

PROCESS BEFORE OUTPUT (PBO)PROCESS AFTER INPUT (PAI)PROCESS ON VALUE REQUEST (POV) F4PROCESS ON HELP (POH) F1

Range Tables

Contains 4 columns namely: Sign, Option, Low and HighSign can be either E (Exclusive) or I (Inclusive). Option can be GT, LT, BT, EQ etc

BAPI chain execution is not possible (i.e., multiple BAPI execution in ONE LUW isnt possible)http://scn.sap.com/thread/2004950Imagine you are having a scenario where u will create a PO -> Once PO gets creating successfully then you create a GR (if GR fails then PO shouldnt be created -> Once PO, GR gets successfully created then you create an IV (If IV fails then PO, GR shouldnt be created). In order to achieve such a scenario: BAPI_PO_CREATE1IF.OK BAPI_TRANSACTION_COMMIT * Always BAPI COMMIT AND WAIT is a good practice BAPI_GOODSMVT_CREATE IF OK BAPI_TRANSACTION_COMMIT BAPI_INCOMINGINVOICE_CREATE IF OK BAPI_TRANSACTION_COMMIT ELSE.* Cancel material document BAPI_GOODSMVT_CANCEL BAPI_TRANSACTION_COMMIT* Cancel PO BAPI_PO_CHANGE BAPI_TRANSACTION_COMMIT ENDIF. ELSE, * Cancel PO BAPI_PO_CHANGE BAPI_TRANSACTION_COMMIT ENDIF.ENDIF.

Difference between Update task and Background task?

http://scn.sap.com/thread/1476663

Update task No return, asynchronous call i.e., gets called when COMMIT WORK statement gets encountered, debugging possible by switching on Update debugging (debugger options), majorly used to update databases at the end. We can call multiple function modules with suffix update task and they get executed in sequence.Why do we use this In Update Task ?The main update technique for bundling database changes in a singledatabase LUW is to use CALL FUNCTION... IN UPDATE TASK.How do we Use?A typical R/3 installation contains dialog work processes and at least one update work process. The update work processes are responsible for updating the database. When an ABAP program reaches a COMMIT WORK statement, any function modules from CALL FUNCTION... IN UPDATE TASK statements are released for processing in an update work process. The dialog process does not wait for the update to finish. This kind of update is called asynchronous update.What is the Use?Asynchronous update is useful when response time from the transaction is critical, and the database updates themselves are so complex that they justify the extra system load

Background task Can return parameters, synchronous call to FM, debugging can be possible by switching on System debugging (debugging options), not specific to updating DB tables. FMs can be CALLED synchronously or asynchronously ONLY. There is no option of background work process. It will work only with dialog work process. For background work process, we NECESSARILY have to use a SEPARATE Z PROGRAM, and inside that call the FM. We can BACKGROUND a Z Program, not the FM.http://scn.sap.com/thread/1079684Debug Background Job: http://scn.sap.com/thread/122992SM51, SM58Difference between COMMIT WORK and ROLLBACK WORK? COMMIT WORK - The function modules registered for the current SAP LUW are started at the COMMIT WORK statement in the sequence, in which they were registered.ROLLBACK WORK - The statement ROLLBACK WORK deletes all previous registrations of the current SAP LUW.Implicit EnhancementsWe can achieve this by clicking on the spiral button. Implicit enhancements are mainly used to overwrite default SAP standard code which is provided by SAP and but customized code based on our requirements. Implicit enhancements can be done on FMs, reports, includes, methods, attributes etc. Sales and Distribution (SD module)SD module completely runs on the basis of company code (BUKRS). Now, what is this company code ? For example: Let us consider Roche Pharma, now this company manufactures drugs and tablets and in order to manufacture them they need raw materials. Raw materials should be purchased (procured) from various other companies and these companies will be maintained by means of company code in our SAP system. Next thing which we need to understand is Ship to party and Shipping party, now ship to party is to whom we are trying to sell our products to (i.e., distributors and they will further sell it to retailers) and shipping party is the one who ships the goods to ship to party. SAP software stands in the intermediate level between shipping party and ship to party of any organization.We can get to know Shipping party, Ship to Party and Sold to party via company codes. Also note that ship to party can be either customer or distributor but sold to party is always customer i.e., retailers. For Example: Let us consider Roche Pharma once again, as a major pharma player roche has offices and manufacturing units across world like Roche Austria, Roche UK, Roche India, Roche USA etc. Again each one of them will have their own associated company codes. If an order for tablets comes from a distributor in India then the distributor will create what is called a purchase order (PO) and the company processes these orders via., background jobs or manually during some point in a day. Doing so these POs will become sales order (SO) for Roche India, which contains details like quantity, shipping date etc. And a quick inventory check happens here and based on availability goods will be dispatched. In such a scenario the shipping party is Roche India Sold to party is Distributor (XYZ). Another good example for understanding purposes would be Flipkart or Amazon. If they use SAP as a business platform then WS retail will be shipping party and Naresh will be sold to party in sales order VA01. SAP will be intermediate between the two.Lets take a look at some basic definitions:In my example of enhancing VL01N transaction code requirement was like changing delivery date to +5 days (display day too using FM: DATE_TO_DAY) than the system generated date and also to incorporate subsequent document number in this new tab called details. Delivery mapped to sales order (VBFA)Inbound delivery:It does not necessarily mean goods receipt. INBOUND DELIVERY in SAP pertains to all incoming goods, which may refer to either a vendor delivery or a return of a rejected delivery to a customer. It may cover the schedules of deliveries from your vendors/suppliers or even a rejected delivery to a customer.Outbound delivery: You use this process in order to support all shipping activities like picking, packing, transport and goods issue. All information regarding shipping planning is stored in outbound delivery, the status of shipping activities is monitored, and data gathered during the course of shipping processing is recorded. By creating outbound delivery, shipping activities are started and data is transferred that is generated during shipping processing.Order: This refers to Sales order in SAP. A sales order is an electronic document that captures and records your customers request for goods or services. The sales order contains all pertinent information to process the customers request throughout the whole process cycle. This is an external document.Production Order: Suppose we are producing some product in house. So when the production department requires the raw material for production they will raise a production order for the same. This is an internal document.

Sold to party: Who places an order to supply the materials treats him as sold to party. Order can be given by only one person. Can't be given by many persons. So always sold to party will be only one.Ship to party: Who receives the materials. Goods can be supplied to many parties.

Take this example:- Your GF asks you for a iPhone and she places the order online, you receive the invoicesince she is working, the iPhone is delivered to her mother at homeOnce you receive the invoice you ask your brother to pay the bill in bankso for one transaction there are multiple person involvedyou, your GF, her mother and your brotherthese are called as Business Partners in SAPGF - Sold to Party as she ordersHer mother - Ship to Party as she receives the goodsYou - Bill to Party as you receive the billYour brother - Payer as he pays the bill

Basic SD scenario:Inquiry --> Quotation --> Sales Order --> Delivery --> BillingVA11 --> VA21 --> VA01 --> VL01n --> VF01Order --> Delivery --> Billing is called as OTC (Order to Cash) or O2C cycle Take this Example: In SD it should be the other side of the table.... Let me say that I need an iPhoneSo I contact you through mail "Mr. Naresh, do you have iPhone, with this much quantity"you record this mail and it becomes your "INQUIRY"you respond to me back saying that "I have 100 iPhones available and I charge 50k per piece"this document is "QUOTATION"I send you an email "OK.... Bring it on"... this is my POYou refer your Quotation for price and my PO for number of days and create "SALES ORDER"Once you create SALES ORDER, your assistant delivers the pieces, so he creates a delivery document "This piece, these many days, delivered from this center". This is "DELIVERY"Once he sends the pieces to me, he has "ISSUED" the goodsI receive the pieces and you send me "INVOICE" for the pieces / service provided a.k.a., "BILLING"I transfer money to you for your services. This is "ACCOUNT RECEIVABLE" for you but this will be taken care by your accountant, so receiving money doesnt come in SD

DB Tables: VBAK VBAP (VA01), LIKP LIPS (VL01), VBRK, VBRP (VF01)

Basic MM scenario:Purchase Requisition -->Purchase Order --> Goods Receipt --> InvoiceME51N --> ME21N --> MIGO --> MIRO

Purchase Requisition: Documentgenerated by auserdepartmentor storeroom-personnel to notify the purchasing department ofitemsitneedstoorder, theirquantity, and the timeframe.Purchase Order: A purchase order is a formal request to a vendor to supply you with goods or services with the conditions stated in the purchase order. This is an external document.Goods Receipt: Agoods receiptis the physical inbound movement of goods or materials into the warehouse. It is a goods movement that is used to post goods received from external vendors or from in-plant production. All goods receipts result in an increase of stock in the warehouse.Invoice: Invoice is like a bill once all the goods are delivered to your location.

DB Tables: EBAN (ME51N), EKKO EKPO (ME21N)

One more thing about transport requestsIf two developers (NRN, MEHRM) have made changes to the same report then their individual tasks will be logged under one transport requests (IKT90002369). One case to note down will be F4 help popup and Uploading Excel sheet or Flat fileThis can be achieved in two ways namely by class methods or by FMsUpload: Can be done via FM: GUI_UPLOAD, or FM: TEXT_CONVERT_XLS_TO_SAP or by using class method cl_gui_frontend_services=>gui_upload. (File type: ASC) data will be stored in internal table and manually you should parse it w.r.t. comma , operator. If it doesnt work then change type from .xls to .xsv.F4 help popup: Can be done via FM: F4_FILENAME or by using class method cl_gui_frontend_services=>file_open_dialog.How to display progress bar data in a report?

CALL FUNCTION 'SAPGUI_PROGRESS_INDICATOR' EXPORTING percentage = iv_percentage text = iv_text.Top-Of-Page in ALVs?Firstly ALVs can be called into a report by four ways: REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY ALV List, Display only, does not use ActiveX controls REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY ALV Grid, Editable, Uses ActiveX controls CL_GUI_ALV_GRID ALV Grid, we can create more than one ALVs as we create a screen CL_SALV_TABLE ALV List, Cannot be editable To display Top-Of-Page in report using CL_SALV_TABLE, the following are the below steps: Create an object of type cl_salv_table (lo_table) Call the factory method by passing the table which you want to display and get the instance of lo_table Use the events class cl_salv_events_table to method lo_table->get_event( ) to get the events Then you will set handler for top_of_page for this created event object Create header object of type cl_salv_form_layout_grid Using this you can create header information, label, text etc using row column attributes and in case if you want to add picture u can do that too (cl_salv_form_picture) Also implement handler top_of_page with content (cl_salv_form_element), header (cl_salv_form_layout_grid) and flow (cl_salv_form_layout_flow) Using r_top_of_page event parameter (cl_salv_form) set the content using set_content of the ALV (lo_content = lo_header).Using the main table object (lo_table) you call method set_top_of_list and pass this header reference into it

To use a Hot-Spot in a SALV Create an object of type cl_salv_table (lo_table) Call the method lo_table->get_cloumns () and save the reference in cl_salv_columns_table Create one more object of type cl_salv_columns_table and get the column for which you want to create a hotspot from first reference of cl_salv_columns_table Set hotpot by calling the method set_cell_type Then set handler methodFunction Module: You declare it in the FM and write the Form End Form for the same.CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY' EXPORTING I_CALLBACK_PROGRAM = GD_REPID I_CALLBACK_TOP_OF_PAGE = 'TOP-OF-PAGE' "see FORM I_CALLBACK_USER_COMMAND = 'USER_COMMAND' IT_FIELDCAT = FIELDCATALOG[] I_SAVE = 'X' IS_VARIANT = G_VARIANT TABLES T_OUTTAB = IT_SFLIGHT EXCEPTIONS PROGRAM_ERROR = 1 OTHERS = 2. IF SY-SUBRC 0.* MESSAGE ID SY-MSGID TYPE SY-MSGTY NUMBER SY-MSGNO* WITH SY-MSGV1 SY-MSGV2 SY-MSGV3 SY-MSGV4. ENDIF.

FORM TOP-OF-PAGE.*ALV Header declarations DATA: T_HEADER TYPE SLIS_T_LISTHEADER, WA_HEADER TYPE SLIS_LISTHEADER, T_LINE LIKE WA_HEADER-INFO, LD_LINES TYPE I, LD_LINESC(10) TYPE C.* Title WA_HEADER-TYP = 'H'. WA_HEADER-INFO = 'SFLIGHT Table Report'. APPEND WA_HEADER TO T_HEADER. CLEAR WA_HEADER.* Date WA_HEADER-TYP = 'S'. WA_HEADER-KEY = 'Date: '. CONCATENATE SY-DATUM+6(2) '.' SY-DATUM+4(2) '.' SY-DATUM(4) INTO WA_HEADER-INFO. "todays date APPEND WA_HEADER TO T_HEADER. CLEAR: WA_HEADER. CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE' EXPORTING IT_LIST_COMMENTARY = T_HEADER.ENDFORM.

ABAP Technical Properties for field (F1 help) When you use watch points for debugging then use VBKD-BSTKD which is the program field and not DB field BSTKD i.e., watch points cannot be created for field data.What is BDC? (Batch Data Communication)When SAP is implemented, we need data to be migrated from non-SAP system i.e.,legacy system to SAP system. One way of doing this is via BDC. There are two methods through which we can implement BDC:1. Session Method Synchronous processing Can transfer large amount of data Processing is slower Error log is created Data is not updated until session is processed2. Transaction Method Asynchronous processing Can transfer small amount of data Processing is faster Errors need to be handled explicitly Data is updated automaticallyIn Session Method following function Modules are used.BDC_OPEN_GROUPBDC_INSERTBDC_CLOSE_GROUPInBDC we use structure BDCDATAfor Batch Input, Which has following components.PROGRAM BDC module poolDYNPROBDC Screen numberDYNBEGINBDC screen startFNAMField nameFVALBDC field valueBDC modes to be used while doing a call transaction method is:A Foreground modeN Background modeTo call BDC using call transaction method: DATA it_messtab TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF bdcmsgcoll WITH HEADER LINE.CALL TRANSACTION 'CS01' USING it_bdcdata MODE NUPDATE 'S' MESSAGES INTO it_messtab.

Dynamic Adobe Form creationUse the following FMs i.e., FP_FUNCTION_MODULE_NAME, FP_JOB_OPEN, CALL FUNCTION , FP_JOB_CLOSE.NAST_PROTOCOL_UPDATEThis FM is generally used in the Print programs that are attached to an output type in a transaction. This is used in order to update the processing log . provide message ID, number, type (I,E,W,S) and text.CHAIN END CHAINIn PAI if you want to validate group of fields then you put inchain and End chain statement.You can declare fields in the chain enchain.

CHAIN.FIELD NUM1.FIELD NUM2.MODULE USER_COMMAND_0100.ENDCHAIN.

MODULE USER_COMMAND_0100 INPUT.CLEAR okcode.okcode = sy-ucomm.CASE okcode.WHEN 'ENTER' OR 'EXECUTE'.

IF NUM1 IS INITIAL OR NUM2 IS INITIAL .MESSAGE e398(00) WITH 'PLEASE FILL THE FIELDS'. " Enter VALUES'ELSE......ENDIF.ENDIF.ENDMODULE.

When an error is found inside a chain, the screen is re-displayed and all the fields found anywhere in the CHAIN are input enabled. All non chain fields remain disabled.

Create a global class from a local class

SE24 -> Object Type -> Import -> Local classes in a program

Control Break Statements

AT FIRST END AT: Will get triggered at the first run of the loopAT NEW END AT: Will get triggered whenever there is any change in any of the fields from the left to that of the particular field. The trigger point will be at the firstoccurrence of the new value for the field.AT END OF END AT: Will get triggered whenever there is any change in any of the fields from the left to that of the particular field. The trigger point will be at the lastoccurrence of the same value for the field.ON CHANGE OF: Will get triggered whenever there is any change in the particular field. This statement can be used outside loop to. AT LAST END AT: Will get triggered at the last run of the loop

http://www.newtosap.info/2012/07/control-break-statements-in-sap-abap.html

Authorization Object Go to T code: SU21 Select a class from the list of classes and right click -> create authorization object Provide the Field name and create a role in T code: PFCG. In program use syntax, AUTHORITY-CHECK OBJECT 'ZV57REPACC' ID 'ACTVT' FIELD '01'.Check Table and Value TableThe basic difference between value table and check table is check table can be used as a input help for a field on which check table is assigned. Value table contents are never used for input help.A value table will become a check table only when a foreign key relationship is established. Check table resides at the DB level and value table resides at the Domain level.

Steps to implement a SAP NOTE Go to T code SNOTE Go to -> SAP Note Download and enter the note number and execute you will get .pdf file with correction instructions and manual steps to be implemented. Make sure that you do the correction instructions before implementing the note Go to -> SAP Note Browser, enter note number and execute. Check the status if it says Can be implemented then proceed by clicking on execute again Lastly after the note gets implemented do the manual changes Note: You will require SAP Access key to make CI as well as manual changes.

SAP ScriptWe mainly use three function modules here namely: OPEN_FORM WRITE_FORM CLOSE_FORMReference program: http://scn.sap.com/thread/747566

Subroutine Structures used in SAP ScriptITCSY contains two fields namely name and value. Table Maintenance Generator Mainly used to create / change DB entries using the SM30 transaction code.

Standard recording routine creates customizing TR for entries created in SM30 transaction. These can be moved from development test production. Auth group by default will be &NC& (without auth).No, or user, recording routine - does not create any TR for entries created in SM30 transaction. So what is the advantage of this is that the entries are maintained only in this system + client (I57 010 only and no other clients) and hence cannot be transported to other systems.TMG Events can be accessed via menu, Environment -> Modifications -> EventsNow click on F4 which displays all the available events such as: Before saving data in the DB After saving data in the DB Before deleting the data displayed After deleting the data displayed Creating new entriesSingle step: Only overview screen is created i.e. the Table Maintenance Program will have only one screen where you can add, delete or edit records.Two step: Two screens namely the overview screen and Single screen are created. The user can see the key fields in the first screen and can further go on to edit further details.Disable table entries (SE11)We can disable table entries by making Table View Maintenance as N i.e., maintenance not allowed. X is display maintenance allowed, N is maintenance not allowed and SPACE is allowed with restrictions. So when you go to Utilities -> Table Contents -> Create entries will be disabled.

What is the difference between a Parameter and a Select Option? If you remove the Sign, Option & High from a Select Option will it become a Parameter?No it will not become a parameter because Select Options are of type internal table. Radio button by default will be TICKED (only in reports)Lockshttp://www.erpgreat.com/abap/type-and-uses-of-lock-objects-in-sap.htm

Adobe binding of screen elements Adobe binding is done by activating the data view (in case if not activated then do it by Palette -> Data view) this data view will contain the structure of all the interface elements which are present in context.Now the last thing left is to start binding these elements into the corresponding UI elements on the screen. Drag and drop

Interactive Online Adobe CallImportant T Codes: SOA Manager, WSCONFIG, SICFOn click of Submit button, the following java script has to be called for the form to get triggered.var sap_usr = "&sap-user=c5190270&sap-password=initial_1"; var ServerPath = "ciec3.wdf.sap.corp:50080"; var client = "800";

var Soap_PreServerPort = "http://"; var Soap_PostServerPort = "/sap/bc/soap/rfc?sap-client="; var SoapAddress = Soap_PreServerPort + ServerPath + Soap_PostServerPort + client + sap_usr; var Wsdl_PreServerPort = "http://"; var Wsdl_PostServerPort1 = "/sap/bc/soap/wsdl11?services=ZN_VENDOR_CREATE&sap-client=";

var wsdlAddress = Wsdl_PreServerPort + ServerPath + Wsdl_PostServerPort1 + client + sap_usr ; var conn = xfa.connectionSet.DataConnection.clone(true);conn.soapAddress.value = SoapAddress; conn.wsdlAddress.value = wsdlAddress; try{ conn.execute(0); } catch(e) { app.alert(e);}

So RFC connection protocol link to SAP system would actually look like this:http://ciec3.wdf.sap.corp:50080/sap/bc/soap/rfc?sap-client=800&sap-user=c5190270&sap-password=initial_1

Connection link to FM via WSDL would look like this:http://ciec3.wdf.sap.corp:50080/sap/bc/soap/wsdl11?services=ZN_VENDOR_CREATE&sap-client=800&sap-user=c5190270&sap-password=initial_1

The FM that gets executed once the form gets called should always be remote enabled FM.

Now you should establish data source connection -> new connection -> connect via WSDL (this contains the FM name along with import/export parameters) -> Displays all the imports and exports parameter. Now start binding those parameters to the form parameters either by dragging and dropping or by choosing data connection and binding them.

We have to create a web service for ZN_VENDOR_CREATE in order to get the WSDL link (Utilities -> Create web service -> From the FM) choose SOAP profile, and check release service for runtime.In case if it is not released then go to T code: WSCONFIG to release it.

Go to T code: SOAMANAGER search for your FM name, go to configuration tab, enter the details there and bottom below you can get WSDL URL.

Good Example: http://scn.sap.com/docs/DOC-38805WDSL Creation and Test: http://saptechnical.com/Tutorials/Others/ABAPWebservices/create.htm

To display based on radio button check in reports

SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK a1 WITH FRAME TITLE text-001.PARAMETERS: p1 RADIOBUTTON GROUP r1 USER-COMMAND flag, p2 RADIOBUTTON GROUP r1 .SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK a1.

SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK a2 WITH FRAME TITLE text-002.PARAMETERS: emp TYPE char10 MODIF ID m1, desig TYPE char30 MODIF ID m1.SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK a2.

AT SELECTION-SCREEN OUTPUT.

IF p2 EQ 'X'. LOOP AT SCREEN. if screen-group1 = 'M1'. screen-active = 0. MODIFY SCREEN. endif. MODIFY SCREEN. ENDLOOP. ENDIF.

The most important thing to note down here is the keyword USER-COMMAND, if you miss this then the functionality does not work. WORKFLOWS

What is a Workflow?

A workflow is a step by step process which includes multiple stakeholders and assigns work to them, typically a piece of work passes from initiation to completion.

What is the use of T-Code SWU_OBUF?

This transaction is mainly used to clear the buffers when you develop a lot of workflows and activate. It can be run as a background job on a daily basis.

T Codes:

SWDD Standard T Code for Workflow creationSWELS To turn on the event trace SWEL To see if the event was created for that particular scenario SWE2 Linkage between the event and the workflowPFTC Maintaining tasks and agent assignmentSBWP Workflow Inbox (Work Items)SWU3 SAP WF customization settings SWO6 Delegate custom business object (created using subtype) to standard one (i.e., table entry)SWUE Used to trigger the workflow manuallySWIA / SWI1 Process the work item SOST To check the status of a work itemSWEC Document change object (i.e., table entry)SCOT Email configuration

Process to be followed while creating a Z Object: Go to T code SWO1 Enter the standard object type BUS2032 Click on subtype button and enter the required fields (ZBUS2032) Go ahead and create the required events, parameters, methods etc. Save and activate the ZBUS2032 Go to T code SWO6 in order to delegate your custom Z object to standard object Go to T code SWEC enter the change document objectOnce you delegate your custom BO with the standard BO, you can call your custom methods / events in your workflow using standard BO (BUS2032 for PO) or custom BO (ZBUS2032) too.

Awesome Example for Wait activity in a WFhttp://www.an-sap-consultant.com/2014/05/SAP-Business-Workflow-Wait-Step-Type.html

In fork step give number of parallel branches as 2, in one branch create user decision and in another create wait. WAIT step is just like start events (CAP button) provide with the business object name, event name. The fork will execute two or more steps at the same time without any hassle but if any one WF step gets completed then the other remaining step will logically be cancelled.

To raise an event use FM: SWE_EVENT_CREATE (pass BO, object key, event, and event container table) contains element and value. To instantiate a BO FM: SWO_CREATE and to call a method FM: SWO_INVOKE. To start a WF FM: SAP_WAPI_START_WORKFLOW

Please make sure that Terminate if rule resolution has no result checkbox has been checked

WEBDYNPRO

Dynamic ALVs Add the component SALV_WD_TABLE to your view Create components table (cl_abap_structdescr) for all the columns which you want to display Create a structure for this components table. (components table contain name and type) Create a dynamic root node (if_wd_context_node_info ~add_new_child_node), give the node name and structure that you just created for this method Bind the table containing data against this newly created root node (use the below interface) Create a component (if_wd_component_usage), create a model for ALV (cl_salv_wd_config_table) Now last part is to display it to the view using if_wd_view_controller.In case if you want to manipulate the column data (Ex: by making fields read only, invisible etc.) then get the model first by using class cl_salv_wd_config_table and use class cl_salv_wd_column for further manipulations. Main interfaces If_wd_context_node, if_wd_context_element

Send Mail FM: SO_DOCUMENT_SEND_API1

Select Options

Custom Controllers snapshot

How to capture URLs for a given component?

CALLMETHOD cl_wd_utilities=>construct_wd_url EXPORTING application_name=' IMPORTING out_absolute_url =w_url.

Maintain texts by using T Code SOTR_EDIT for webdynpro

Pass values via outbound plug?

When you fire this plug from first view (MAIN) via., method action then the fire method is as shown below: l_ref_main_window->fire_ob_window_plg( p_city = stru_node_emp1-city p_name = stru_node_emp1-name p_state = stru_node_emp1-state ).

The corresponding event handler method (HANDLEFROM_MAIN) in second view (TABLE_DISPLAY) will be given as shown below:data: lv_name type string.wdevent->get_data( exporting name = 'P_NAME' importing value = lv_name ).

Note: The event handler method HANDLEFROM_MAIN will get created automatically. http://scn.sap.com/docs/DOC-27936

What are the different types of layout available in webdynpro?

There are 4 types of layout namely: Flow Layout Grid Layout Matrix Layout Row LayoutImportant Interface: IF_WD_COMPONENTSOTR_EDIT TutorialStep 1: Go to your webdynpro application, Goto -> Online text repositoryStep 2: Enter the text for which you want to translate (text field)

Step 3: Click on F4 help and click on the create button there.Step 4: Enter the alias name which is of format: package/name

Step 5: Click on tick button (if in case it doesnt show up then close and click on F4 at text field level)Step 6: Go to T code: sotr_edit and enter the language in which you created your text along with alias mentioned above i.e., $TMP/ZNC_OTR_NAME and click on Display.Step 7: Click on edit -> context -> change, click on cancel when the pop up appears.Step 8: Now select language as German from drop down and enter your German text.Step 9: The texts are maintained in the same alias name change the URL and check, it works.

Select OptionsUse component WDR_SELECT_OPTIONSMake sure that you create an attribute of type IF_WD_SELECT_OPTIONSCreate an active component by using interface if_wd_component_usageUsing this newly created attribute call method wd_this-> -> set_global_options( ) which contains some additional functionality like cancel, check etc.Now create a range table wd_this-> ->create_range_table (KUNNR) and add the selection field i.e., wd_this-> -> add_selection_field.Create a view container UI element to add this select options and make sure to embed in window

Now in order to pull data off of it we will have to create a field symbol of type ANY TABLE> and an internal table of type ANYLt_range_table = wd_this-> -> get_range_table_of_sel_field (id = KUNNR) This lt_range_table will contain the data but itll be locked and hence has to be de-referencedSo, Assign lt_range_table ->* TO .This field symbol will contain the range table.

Just like Constructors even Supply functions get triggered when we try to access the Node

Mug it up:

Utilities -> TMGs, Table Contents, function module as serviceGoto -> OVS,

To display based on radio button check in reports Create a UI element radio button group index in the layout screen Create a Node with one attribute with cardinality (0..n), this table will contain the text names of the radio button Bind this node to the UI element radio button group index Now on selection of radio button a text should get displayed. This can be achieved by creating an action for the radio button group index Put this text in a transparent container and bind the visibility property with a separate attribute created separately. In order to read the index of the radio button use this DATAlv_indexTYPEsy-tabix.lv_index = lo_nd_radiergummi->get_lead_selection_index( ).

How do you check which view you are on via the WD application? i.e., given a scenario where the FE has given a snapshot of a view; how can you find the component name, view name etc. from it? Simple right click and choose More field help

Code wizard snapshot

http://saptechnical.com/Tutorials/WebDynproABAP/PassingValues/Page1.htm

Prepared By Nirmal Jain- Certified ABAP Developer 9620161251