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VNS Update: A Look Into the Future Shaun Comfort MD, MBA Sr. Director, Clinical Affairs Cyberonics, Inc. AED XI Conference

A€Look€Into€the€Future - az9194.vo.msecnd.netaz9194.vo.msecnd.net/pdfs/110404/08.04.pdf · Source:€Epilepsy€Physician’s€Manual€NCP,€Cyberonics šVNS€Efficacy€is€well€established€in€multiple€controlled€clinical€trials

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Page 1: A€Look€Into€the€Future - az9194.vo.msecnd.netaz9194.vo.msecnd.net/pdfs/110404/08.04.pdf · Source:€Epilepsy€Physician’s€Manual€NCP,€Cyberonics šVNS€Efficacy€is€well€established€in€multiple€controlled€clinical€trials

VNS Update:A Look Into the Future

Shaun Comfort MD, MBASr. Director, Clinical Affairs

Cyberonics, Inc.

AED XI Conference

Page 2: A€Look€Into€the€Future - az9194.vo.msecnd.netaz9194.vo.msecnd.net/pdfs/110404/08.04.pdf · Source:€Epilepsy€Physician’s€Manual€NCP,€Cyberonics šVNS€Efficacy€is€well€established€in€multiple€controlled€clinical€trials

Agenda•VNS Today

–Epilepsy: Efficacy & Safety Rates

•VNS Tomorrow–Seizure Response: “Automatic Magnet Mode”

•Manual VNS Stimulation Has An Effect•What Is Ictal Tachycardia?•Next Steps

•Beyond VNS–Cyberonics of the future

Page 3: A€Look€Into€the€Future - az9194.vo.msecnd.netaz9194.vo.msecnd.net/pdfs/110404/08.04.pdf · Source:€Epilepsy€Physician’s€Manual€NCP,€Cyberonics šVNS€Efficacy€is€well€established€in€multiple€controlled€clinical€trials

VNS Today

Page 4: A€Look€Into€the€Future - az9194.vo.msecnd.netaz9194.vo.msecnd.net/pdfs/110404/08.04.pdf · Source:€Epilepsy€Physician’s€Manual€NCP,€Cyberonics šVNS€Efficacy€is€well€established€in€multiple€controlled€clinical€trials

• Mild pulses applied to vagusnerve in neck send signals tobrain

• Adjustable, automaticintermittent stimulation

Technology

• Placed subcutaneously in chest• Pulse –3rd generation• DemiPulseTM –4th generation

Generators Leads

• 302 base model• PerenniaTM lead

– Increased durability• Perennia FlexTM lead

–More flexible Perennia lead

Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Therapy: HC Device

4

AspireHC™  Generator

•5th generation platform•Extended battery life•Improved electronics•Simplified features for

programming•Limited US commercial

release in progress

Page 5: A€Look€Into€the€Future - az9194.vo.msecnd.netaz9194.vo.msecnd.net/pdfs/110404/08.04.pdf · Source:€Epilepsy€Physician’s€Manual€NCP,€Cyberonics šVNS€Efficacy€is€well€established€in€multiple€controlled€clinical€trials

Current VNS Epilepsy Therapy® –Clinical TrialExperience

Source: Epilepsy Physician’s Manual NCP, Cyberonics

•VNS Efficacy is well established in multiple controlled clinical trials

•Since approval in 1997, 80,000+ implants

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6

•A patient “responder” has   50% reduction in seizure frequency frombaseline

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

3 months 1 year 2 years 3 years

Morris GL, et al. Neurology 1999;53:1731­5.

23%

37%43% 43%

% R

esp

on

ders

Proportion of Responders(n=440, LOCF)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Vonck(n=118)

Renfroe(n=120)

Labar(n=269)

DeHerdt(n=138)

% R

esp

on

ders

Mean F/U 33 mo 3 mo 12 mo 44 mo

59%57%51%50%

1. De Herdt V, et al. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2007;11:261­9.2. Labar DR. Seizure 2004;13:392­8.3. Renfroe JB and Wheless JW. Neurology 2002;59(suppl 4):S26­S30.4. Vonck K, et al. J Clin Neurophysiol 2004;21:283­9.5. Elliott R, et al. AES Presentation 2009.

•Clinical Trial Responder Rates •Single Center Experiences

Proportion of Responders

67%

58 mo

Elliott(n=436)

Current VNS Epilepsy Therapy® –Long Term ClinicalExperience

•Observational data suggests a time dependent, sustained increase in theproportion of VNS responders

Page 7: A€Look€Into€the€Future - az9194.vo.msecnd.netaz9194.vo.msecnd.net/pdfs/110404/08.04.pdf · Source:€Epilepsy€Physician’s€Manual€NCP,€Cyberonics šVNS€Efficacy€is€well€established€in€multiple€controlled€clinical€trials

Current VNS Epilepsy Therapy® –Clinical Trial Experience29%

7%

12%

8%

6%

4%3%

2% 2%

0%

3%

19%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

Hoarseness Cough Paraesthesia Shortness ofbreath

% P

ati

en

ts

1 year

2 years

3 years

1. Morris GL, et al. Neurology 1999;53:1731­5.

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VNS TomorrowH. Wang et al; “six auras and threeseizure attacks in three of the eightpatients happened to be recordedduring video­EEG monitoring . . . theseattacks were terminated by the extra­stimulation of VNS with a handheldmagnet.”

Sum:  Periodic/prophylactic stimulationcan be effectively supplemented byjudicious use of the magnet.Wang H, et al. J. Neuro  Scinences 2009;(284):96­102

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9

Patients report a decrease in theseverity/duration of their seizures usingthe VNS Therapy magnet

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Positive impact on seizure activity5,849 seizures

Seizure not effected 3,633 seizures

PRO Effects of Magnet­Activated Stimulation in 9,482

Seizures

62%

38%

24%

Seizurediminution

3,638seizures

Morris GL, et al. Epilepsy Behav 2003;(4):740­745.

•Offers more control forpatients and theirfamilies1,2

•Initiates on demandstimulation

–May abort or decreaseseverity of seizures1­3

–May improve postictalperiod2

•Stops stimulation–Acutely manage side

effects3

On­demand magnet stimulation aunique benefit of VNS Therapy

1. Boon P, et al. J Clin Neurophys. 2001;18:402­407.2. Fromes GW, et al. Epilepsia. 2000;41(suppl 7):117.3. Schachter SC and Saper CB. Epilepsia. 1998;39:677­686.

Seizureterminated

2,211seizures

Seizures Not Affected(3633)

Seizures Affected(5849)

38%

An Aside: Why “On Demand” VNS Stimulation

Page 10: A€Look€Into€the€Future - az9194.vo.msecnd.netaz9194.vo.msecnd.net/pdfs/110404/08.04.pdf · Source:€Epilepsy€Physician’s€Manual€NCP,€Cyberonics šVNS€Efficacy€is€well€established€in€multiple€controlled€clinical€trials

VNS Tomorrow•Manual Magnet Induced Stimulation:

– Works “well” for patients with obvious event onset (e.g.,stereotypical auras, etc)

– What about for patients without preceding auras, caregivers?

•Automate the Manual Stimulation (AMM):– Rationale:

• “Automate” the manually triggered VNS stimulation (i.e.,Manual Magnet Mode or MMM)

• Link additional VNS stimulation to onset of clinical event• Use “Ictal Tachycardia” as biomarker for partial complex

seizures, in patients demonstrating this

Page 11: A€Look€Into€the€Future - az9194.vo.msecnd.netaz9194.vo.msecnd.net/pdfs/110404/08.04.pdf · Source:€Epilepsy€Physician’s€Manual€NCP,€Cyberonics šVNS€Efficacy€is€well€established€in€multiple€controlled€clinical€trials

What Is Ictal Tachycardia (ICT)?Definitions:

– No standard definition but generally defined as co­occurrence of sinustachycardia with ictal events.

– Definitions employ percentage HR increases during ictal eventscompared to resting or pre­ictal HR

Mechanism:– Unclear ­ possibly due to ictal discharges stimulating brainstem cardiac

centers.  May explain observation of high incidence of ictal tachycardiawith right > left mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.

Examples:– Kielson et al. Arch Neurol 1989;(46)– Nilsen et al. Seizure 2010;(19):291­295

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Kielson, et al. 1989: ECG Changes DuringSZs

Relative Ictal HR Increase(Baseline to Peak)

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

0­10 11­50 51­100 100+

% Increase Relative to Baseline HR

% o

f Tot

al S

Zs

Source: Kielson et al. Electrocardiographic Changes During Electrographic Seizures.  Arch Neurol , 46, 1989.

Page 13: A€Look€Into€the€Future - az9194.vo.msecnd.netaz9194.vo.msecnd.net/pdfs/110404/08.04.pdf · Source:€Epilepsy€Physician’s€Manual€NCP,€Cyberonics šVNS€Efficacy€is€well€established€in€multiple€controlled€clinical€trials

Result: CYBX Working Definition of ICT

• Comments: ICT Definition– Operational, based on

clinical findings

– Possesses clinical “Facevalidity”

– Results in reasonablespecificity

• Comments: SR Algorithm– Based on HR changes

relative to baseline,associated with Ictal Events

– At higher relative HRthresholds, performs similar toCYBX ICT working definition

• If MAXHR  100 bpm AND ((delta  35 bpm) OR (delta  55%)) then– Ictal Tachycardia is Present

• else– Ictal Tachycardia is NOT present

Page 14: A€Look€Into€the€Future - az9194.vo.msecnd.netaz9194.vo.msecnd.net/pdfs/110404/08.04.pdf · Source:€Epilepsy€Physician’s€Manual€NCP,€Cyberonics šVNS€Efficacy€is€well€established€in€multiple€controlled€clinical€trials

One Episode of ICT from EEG/ECGDatabase

Ictal Electrographic Onset (EO)Instantaneous HR

Y –Axis: HR (bpm); X –Axis: Time (min)

Event with ICT: TriggersStimulation When DetectionThreshold met

This graphic illustrates a time series tracing of instantaneousHR with a superimposed time stamp for EO.  The coincidenttachycardia peak is observable within the dashed window.

Page 15: A€Look€Into€the€Future - az9194.vo.msecnd.netaz9194.vo.msecnd.net/pdfs/110404/08.04.pdf · Source:€Epilepsy€Physician’s€Manual€NCP,€Cyberonics šVNS€Efficacy€is€well€established€in€multiple€controlled€clinical€trials

Illustration of EEG and ECG Concurrence

Page 16: A€Look€Into€the€Future - az9194.vo.msecnd.netaz9194.vo.msecnd.net/pdfs/110404/08.04.pdf · Source:€Epilepsy€Physician’s€Manual€NCP,€Cyberonics šVNS€Efficacy€is€well€established€in€multiple€controlled€clinical€trials

CYBX SR: Next StepsClinical Trials:

– First In Man study initiated in Europe•Medically refractory Epilepsy patients exhibiting ICT•EMU based study•Evaluation of Performance and Tolerability

– US: Protocol development underway for future IDEsubmission

Page 17: A€Look€Into€the€Future - az9194.vo.msecnd.netaz9194.vo.msecnd.net/pdfs/110404/08.04.pdf · Source:€Epilepsy€Physician’s€Manual€NCP,€Cyberonics šVNS€Efficacy€is€well€established€in€multiple€controlled€clinical€trials

Beyond VNS

Page 18: A€Look€Into€the€Future - az9194.vo.msecnd.netaz9194.vo.msecnd.net/pdfs/110404/08.04.pdf · Source:€Epilepsy€Physician’s€Manual€NCP,€Cyberonics šVNS€Efficacy€is€well€established€in€multiple€controlled€clinical€trials

18

AspireSR

Phoenix

Griffin

AspireNP

MRI Conditional System

Key Technology: MicroBurst Stim + OtherCollaboration: Barrow Neurological InstituteElectronic Diary

Telemedicine

Sz Alert

•Acceleration of product developmentpipeline

•Introduction of novel closed­loop VNStherapy

Note: Except AspireHC, products shown above are Not Approved for Human Use.

Key Technology: EEG Sensing + OtherCollaboration: MIT, Purdue, Neurovista

Key Technology: Leadless ElectrodeCollaboration: Purdue

CYBX 2014(CYBX of the future)

CYBX today

VNS Therapy® –Future Pipeline

Innovation:• Rechargeable• Wireless• Telemedicine• Remote monitoring• New parameters• Detect/predict

RecordAlertNotifyTherapy

Key Technology:Extended Longevity

Key Technology: Closed Loop Sz ResponseCollaboration: Flint Hills Scientific

AspireHC

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End