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Aalborg, Denmark, 8-9 October 2012
Teaching standardization to Engineers- CMI experience
Knud Erik Skouby,Professor, CMI/ Aalborg University
Joint ITU-GISFI-DS-CTIF Standards Education Workshop
(Aalborg, Denmark, 8-9 October 2012)
Standardisation
Standards are specifications that determine the compatibility of different products
(also minimum quality and reference standards)
Standardisation is the process where standards are agreedWhat/ why do we teach to engineers?
Basics of the ‘Information Society’
The rapid technological change has highlighted the stronglink between technological standards, innovation, market performance and economic welfare
The ability to communicate electronically is the foundationStandards enable the electronic communication
All people will be served with wireless devicesAffordable to purchase and operateCalm computing: technology invisible to usersMachine to machine communications
• Sensors and tags: e.g. in transport and weather systems, infrastructure, to provide ambient intelligence and context sensitivity
All devices are part of the (mobile) internet
WWRF -2020 Vision: 7 trillion wireless devices
serving 7 billion people
5
7 Trillion Devices in a decade
Knowledge from Data – O2O
Tags
Personalized medicine
Smart meters
Objects Sensors
Aalborg, Denmark, 8-9 October 2012 6
Need for standardsTechnology: Interworking/interoperability/overall architecture is a mustSocio-economics:Prevention of Market failures
Information asymmetryExternalitiesDevelopment of ‘Natural’ monopolyIPR: Intellectual Property Right
PatentCopyrightDesign registration
Aalborg, Denmark, 8-9 October 2012 7
Students need to understand the elements – and the relations – in
standardization
InstitutionsDrivers/ barriersProcessesImpact
Aalborg, Denmark, 8-9 October 2012 8
Institutions
Old Regime: ITUNational sovereigntyJoint provisionInteroperability via
negotiated standards
Present regimeHyper fragmented -and
volatile- “standards market”Myriad of agents in the
standardization process (SDOs, forums, companies)
ICT standards specified in “islands”
End to end monolithic standards are “last millenium”
POLICY MARKET
TECHNOLOGY
Drivers/ Barriers in standards
Digitalization
Computerization
Packet based Switching
Mobile
Next Generation Networks (NGN)
Convergence & converged services
Ambient ICT
Techno-economic efficiency
Cost / prices
Tech development
New infrastructures and services
Enabling of changes
Competitive environment
Creation of adequate infrastructures and services
User empowerment
Applications
RegulationServices
Internet Protocol (IP)
Standardization Proces(ses)
Impact: Winner factors – ‘acceptable’? Be first Luck / coincidence Co-operation with complementary producers Might be the best product, but
Lock-in QWERTY as an example Path dependence / hysterisis
Market failure or ?
Impact Paradox?
FreedomCreativityDynamics
StabilityOrder
Routine
„In fact, fast-changing economies have a greater need for standards and norms.”
Evergrowing Spectrum Demand
Work starting to calculate demand in preparation for WRC 2015Not adequate VHF/ UHF bands availablePossible solutions
SharingSatellite occupies 3600 – 4200 MHzLower Broadcasting bandsOr Research new technology techniques
Key success factors
complexity/cost backhaul requirements
business models and usage scenariosspectrum and standardisation
Efficient signallingRealistic deployment scenarios and
performance evaluationSystem architecture aspects and backward
compatibilityCross layer optimisation
Conclusions and Recommendations
Standardization @ universities: an academic discipline
Theory MethodologyData/ factsUnderstand the process
ComplicatedNot ‘in it self’/ by natureIt is multidisciplinary
Research needed
Aalborg, Denmark, 8-9 October 2012 15
”Wireless Mobile Communications from WW1 (Sommes 1918)
The use of pigeonsWas not cancelledFrom the Danish Military Budget until 1995