PowerPoint Presentation

4-Sep-16Shwetank Sharma 13EVJEC029Vivekananda Institute Of Technology

Summer Training Report On

Instrument Landing System

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CONTENTIntroductionPrefaceAircraft Landing System(ALS)Instrument Landing System(ILS)The LocalizerGlide-Slope System(Glide Path)The LocatorDistance Measuring Equipment (DME)

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INTRODUCTION4-Sep-16Shwetank Sharma 13evjec0293

Airport Authority Of IndiaThe Airports Authority of India (AAI) was formed on 1st April 1995 by merging the International Airports Authority of India and the National Airports Authority with a view to accelerate the integrated development, expansion and modernization of the operational, terminal and cargo facilities at the airports in the country conforming to international standards.AAI manages 126 airports, which include 11 international airports, 89 domestic airports and 26 civil enclaves at Defense airfields.AAI provides air navigation services over 2.8 million square nautical miles of airspace.

AIRCRAFT LANDING SYSTEMThe flight of an aircraft culminates in a landing at an airport .While approaching the airport , the aircraft takes a path in line with the runway and from a certain distance begin to descend until it touches the ground at a near the runway threshold .When visibility is good ,weather in day or night then the landing is performed under Visual Flight Rules(VFR) condition.Usually this is taken to indicate a horizontal visibility of 5km and vertical visibility of 300mt.

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INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM4-Sep-16Shwetank Sharma 13EVJEC029.5The Instrument Landing System(ILS) comprises of following units :-

The Localiser

Glide-Path

Marker Beacons

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4-Sep-16Shwetank Sharma 13EVJEC029.7The basic philosophy of ILS is that ground installations, located in the vicinity of the runway, transmit coded signals in such a manner that pilot is given information indicating position of the aircraft with respect to correct approach path.To provide correct approach path information to the pilot, three different signals are required to be transmitted. The first signal gives the information to the pilot indicating the aircraft's position relative to the center line of the runway.

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4-Sep-16Shwetank Sharma 13EVJEC029.9The second signal gives the information indicating the aircraft's position relative to the required angle of descent, whereas the third signal provides distance information from some specified point.

These three parameters which are essential for a safe landing are Azimuth Approach Guidance, Elevation Approach Guidance and Range from the touch down point.

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THE LOCALIZER4-Sep-16Shwetank Sharma 13EVJEC029.11

4-Sep-16Shwetank Sharma 13EVJEC029.12The Localizer operates in the VHF band (108-110MHz) and consist of a transmitter with an antenna system , the radiation of which has two lobes .The two lobes are as follows :-

One with predominant modulation of 90 Hz.

The other with a predominant modulation of 150 Hz.

GLIDE PATH4-Sep-16Shwetank Sharma 13EVJEC029.13The principle of the glide path is null type which is similar to that of localizer.

The system, which operates in the band 339.3-335MHz employs two antennas , which have vertical polar diagrams.The function of the Glide Path unit is to provide, within its coverage limits, an inclined plane aligned with the glide path of the runway for providing elevation guidance to landing aircraft.

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4-Sep-16Shwetank Sharma 13EVJEC029.15Name of the EquipmentFrequency bandUsesNDB200 450 KHzLocator, Homing &En-route HF3 30 MHzGround to Ground/Air Com.Localizer108 112 MHzInstrument Landing SystemVOR108 117.975 MHzTerminal, Homing &En-routeVHF117.975 137 MHzGround to Air Comm.Glide Path328 336 MHzInstrument Landing SystemDME960 1215 MHzMeasurement of DistanceUHF LINK0.3 2.7 GHzRemote Control, MonitoringRADAR0.3 12 GHzSurveillance

Jaipurs GLIDE PATH4-Sep-16Shwetank Sharma 13EVJEC029.16

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Marker Beacons4-Sep-16Shwetank Sharma 13EVJEC029.18The ILS employs three marker beacons which give an indication in the aircraft when it passes over them .All of them operates at 75MHzand work with with an antenna which gives an fan shaped beam which is typically 40wide along the approach path and 80 perpendicular to it .The most distant one is called outer marker is approximately 7 km from the touch down point on the runway.

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4-Sep-16Shwetank Sharma 13EVJEC029.20The radiation is modulation at 400 Hz , giving two dashes per-sec.The second one is called middle marker is placed where the glide path is 200 ft. (approx 60m),which is generally 1 km from the touch down point.The modulation is as 1300 Hz with one dash every 2/3 sec The inner marker is placed where the glide path is 100 ft (approx 30m) above the ground.

RUNWAY LIGHTENING SYSTEM4-Sep-16Shwetank Sharma 13EVJEC029.21

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