AaCHtVE C O ? * PUBLICATION DIVSSIOW Nttt To ^amoved from Pvfe&tai&on Phf>

A P A N E L S T U D Y OF I N C O M E D Y N A M I C S :

STUDY DESIGN, PROCEDURES, AND FORMS

1968 INTERVIEWING YEAR (WAVE I )

A Report on Research in Process Under Contract to the

Of f ice of Economic Opportunity

James N. Morgan

James D. Smith

SURVEY RESEARCH CENTER

INSTITUTE FOR SOCIAL RESEARCH THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN

1969

A P A N E L S T U D Y OF I N C O M E D Y N A M I C S

STUDY DESIGN, PROCEDURES, AND FORMS

1968 INTERVIEWING YEAR (WAVE I )

A Report on Research in Process Under Contract to the

Off ice of Economic Opportunity

James N. Morgan

James D. Smith

i

SURVEY RESEARCH CENTER

INSTITUTE FOR SOCIAL RESEARCH THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN

1969

' PREFACE

Contents

Data c o l l e c t i o n and processing procedures f o l l o w e d i n t h i s

p a n e l study of income dynamics and a d e s c r i p t i o n o f the data a v a i l a b l e

t o a n a l y s t s are d e s c r i b e d i n d e t a i l i n t h i s manual i n c l u d i n g the r e p r o ­

d u c t i o n of the i m p o r t a n t forms used i n the study. An overview of the e n t i r e

s t u d y i s presented i n S e c t i o n I . The sample'design i s discussed i n

S e c t i o n I I w h i l e S e c t i o n I I I d e t a i l s the f i e l d procedures t h a t have been

used i n l o c a t i n g , i n t e r v i e w i n g and keeping t r a c k o f respondents. Also

reproduced i n S e c t i o n I I I i s the 1968 q u e s t i o n n a i r e , p a r t s o f the i n t e r ­

v i e w e r s ' i n s t r u c t i o n b o o k l e t and o t h e r forms used t o f a c i l i t a t e the f i e l d

work. S e c t i o n IV f o l l o w s w i t h a d i s c u s s i o n of t h e data processing

p r o c e d u r e s , i n c l u d i n g e d i t i n g and coding, and subsequent d a t a - c l e a n i n g

processes. A t h e o r e t i c a l j u s t i f i c a t i o n f o r the m a n i p u l a t i o n of the raw-

d a t a i n t o our conceptual framework i s a l s o presented i n t h i s s e c t i o n .

S e c t i o n IV concludes w i t h a d e s c r i p t i o n o f the d e r i v a t i o n of the w e i g h t s ;

The l a s t s e c t i o n , S e c t i o n V, d e t a i l s the code c a t e g o r i e s f o r the v a r i a b l e s

g e n e r a t e d f r o m the f i r s t wave o f the survey, i n c l u d i n g v a r i a b l e s d e r i v e d

d i r e c t l y from the q u e s t i o n n a i r e , as w e l l as more complex v a r i a b l e s which

i n v o l v e d m a n i p u l a t i o n of the raw data i n t o our conceptual scheme. For

most v a r i a b l e s , a weighted percentage f o r the e n t i r e sample i s given'.

S t r u c t u r a l O u t l i n e

I n b r i e f s t r u c t u r a l o u t l i n e , the survey i s l o n g i t u d i n a l w i t h

i n t e r v i e w s t a k i n g place a n n u a l l y f o r about f i v e years. The sample a t

t h e survey's i n c e p t i o n i n c l u d e d a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e c r o s s - s e c t i o n sample of

- i i -

t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s , as w e l l as a supplementary sample o f f a m i l i e s who had

p r e v i o u s l y been i n t e r v i e w e d once o r t w i c e by the Census Bureau and who

were known t o have low incomes and were headed by someone under age s i x t y .

The r e p r e s e n t a t i v e c r o s s - s e c t i o n sample n e t t e d 2930 i n t e r v i e w s w h i l e t h e

supplementary sample n e t t e d 1872 i n t e r v i e w s . I n subsequent years the

sample w i l l i n c l u d e a l l f a m i l i e s i n t e r v i e w e d the p r e c e d i n g year as w e l l

as newly formed f a m i l i e s who were p a r t o f o r i g i n a l n u c l e a r f a m i l i e s i n t he

p r e c e d i n g year. The i n t e r v i e w u n i t i s t h e head o f the f a m i l y w h i l e the

a n a l y s i s u n i t can e i t h e r be t h e f a m i l y o r the i n d i v i d u a l i n the f a m i l y .

T h e o r e t i c a l Model

B a s i c a l l y t h e purpose o f t h e s t u d y i s t o e x p l a i n t h e s h o r t - r u n

changes i n the economic s t a t u s o f i n d i v i d u a l s and f a m i l i e s . The t h e o r e t i c a l

model i s r e c u r s i v e — a s e t of b r o a d l y d e f i n e d p e r s o n a l i t y v a r i a b l e s i s

thought t o a f f e c t economic b e h a v i o r which i n t u r n a f f e c t s economic s t a t u s .

Then changes i n economic s t a t u s are l i n k e d back t o the p e r s o n a l i t y v a r i a b l e s

and thus t h e c i r c l e i s c l o s e d . See S e c t i o n I f o r a more d e t a i l e d

d e s c r i p t i o n o f the t h e o r e t i c a l model.

S t a f f and F i n a n c i n g

The f i n a n c i n g f o r t h e study has come from the O f f i c e o f Economic

O p p o r t u n i t y as w e l l as The Urban I n s t i t u t e . P r o f e s s o r s Morgan and Smith

have been the main rese a r c h e r s on the s t u d y . John B. Lansing has a l s o

been a c t i v e on t h e study , e s p e c i a l l y i n t h e academic year 1969-1970 when-

P r o f e s s o r Morgan has been on l e a v e . I n a d d i t i o n , the f o l l o w i n g i n d i v i d u a l s

have been r e s p o n s i b l e : Nancy Baerwaldt, Joan B r i n s e r , Jonathan D i c k i n s o n ,

- i i i -

L o u i s Hawkins, and K a t h e r i n e Rogin. E x t e n s i v e c o n t r i b u t i o n s i n sampling

have been made by I r e n e Hess and Thomas Tharaken, i n i n t e r v i e w i n g p r o ­

cedures by Charles Cannell and John S c o t t , and i n data p r o c e s s i n g by

Bar b a r a DIckerson and Duane Thomas. M e t h o d o l o g i c a l s t u d i e s on achievement

m o t i v a t i o n and ment a l a b i l i t i e s a r e b e i n g made by Kent Marquis and Joseph

V e r o f f . R e s u l t s o f these s t u d i e s may a l l o w questions on achievement

m o t i v a t i o n and ment a l a b i l i t i e s i n l a t e r waves of i n t e r v i e w s .

~ i v -

CONTENTS

- ' " " - Page

Preface 1

S e c t i o n I : I n t r o d u c t i o n " 1

S e c t i o n I I : Sample f o r the Panel Study o f Income Dynamics.... 21

S e c t i o n I I I : I n t e r v i e w i n g and F i e l d Procedures 29

P a r t 1: I n t e r v i e w i n g and Keeping Track o f Respondents 30

P a r t 2: Q u e s t i o n n a i r e 36

P a r t 3: I n t e r v i e w e r s ' I n s t r u c t i o n Book 69

P a r t 4: L e t t e r and Other Forms 137

P a r t 5: Documentation o f Regional Data 154

S e c t i o n IV: Processing Procedures 157

• P a r t 1: E d i t i n g 157

P a r t 2: Coding 185

P a r t 3: Data-Cleaning Operations 188

Pa r t 4: Index C r e a t i o n 190

P a r t 5: Response Rates and W e i g h t i n g 202

S e c t i o n V: Tape Code and D i s t r i b u t i o n o f Responses 209

SECTION I

INTRODUCTION

Background o f the Study

The d i r e c t antecedent of t h i s s t u d y i s a l a r g e - s c a l e research

p r o j e c t , The Survey o f Economic O p p o r t u n i t y (SEO), undertaken by the O f f i c e

o f Economic O p p o r t u n i t y i n the s p r i n g of 1966. That research began w i t h

i n t e r v i e w s o f f a m i l i e s i n a n a t i o n a l sample o f 30,000 d w e l l i n g s . F a m i l i e s

were i n t e r v i e w e d t w i c e , once i n the s p r i n g o f 1966 and a second time i n the

s p r i n g o f 1967. The f a m i l y l i v i n g a t the d w e l l i n g a t the t i m e o f each

v i s i t was i n t e r v i e w e d . Hence, no attempt was made t o i n t e r v i e w t h e same

f a m i l y i n b o t h years. These i n t e r v i e w s were taken f o r 0E0 by the Census

Bureau. The Bureau was a l s o r e s p o n s i b l e f o r d e s i g n i n g the sample, b u t the

s u b s t a n t i v e content o f the study was the j o i n t e f f o r t of t h e r e s e a r c h s t a f f

o f OEO and the Census Bureau.

I t was o r i g i n a l l y contemplated t h a t t he Census Bureau would process

a l l i n t e r v i e w s and p r o v i d e t a b u l a t i o n s and a computer f i l e which was t o be

made a v a i l a b l e t o the res e a r c h community. The work was subsequently t r a n s ­

f e r r e d t o an " a l l i a n c e " formed by the Brookings I n s t i t u t i o n , OEO, and The

A s s i s t Corporation.^"

D u r i n g the s p r i n g o f 1966 i t became c l e a r t o the r e s e a r c h s t a f f o f

t h e O f f i c e o f Economic O p p o r t u n i t y t h a t t i m e s e r i e s data such as the SEO,

Htork on the Survey o f Economic O p p o r t u n i t y i s now complete. Researchers i n t e r e s t e d i n o b t a i n i n g tape f i l e s f o r t h e i r own use may purchase them from The A s s i s t C o r p o r a t i o n , 7202 Poplar S t r e e t , Annadale, V i r g i n i a 22003.

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though v a l u a b l e f o r e s t i m a t i n g the numbers o f poor o f v a r i o u s demographic

c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s , c o u l d shed b u t dim l i g h t on the dynamics of w e l l - b e i n g .

For i n s t a n c e , were the poor i n 1966 the same people who were poor i n 1968,

merely two years o l d e r ? Or was t h e r e a s i g n i f i c a n t amount of c h u r n i n g

about i n the d i s t r i b u t i o n of w e l l - b e i n g , even w i t h i n an age cohort? Do many

escape from p o v e r t y s i m p l y by chance? I s p o v e r t y e s s e n t i a l l y a cas t e i n t o

w h ich one e n t e r s a t b i r t h , o r , do many persons become poor a t some time i n

t h e i r l i v e s ? To what e x t e n t does t h e r a t e o f f a m i l y f o r m a t i o n — t i m i n g and

sp a c i n g o f c h i l d r e n — i n f l u e n c e the time p a t h o f economic w e l l - b e i n g ? These

and r e l a t e d q u e s t i o n s became the t o p i c s o f a s t r i n g o f f o r m a l and i n f o r m a l

meetings o f members o f the research s t a f f a t OEO.

OEO has been f o r t u n a t e i n t h e q u a l i t y o f t h e r e s e a r c h s t a f f i t has

been a b l e t o r e c r u i t from u n i v e r s i t i e s and government agencies. Although

t h e p a r t i c i p a n t s i n those e a r l y meetings v a r i e d , Glen Cain ( W i s c o n s i n ) ,

Robinson H o l l i s t e r (Swarthmore), Robert Levine (RAND), James Lyday (OEO), 2

A l v i n Shorr ( B r a n d i e s ) and H a r o l d Watts (Wisconsin) were among the r e g u l a r s .

Out o f these meetings came a study paper by James D. Smith t i t l e d

" L o n g i t u d i n a l Study of I n d i v i d u a l Economic Development," which was c i r c u l a t e d

among academic and government r e s e a r c h e r s f o r comment. P r e l i m i n a r y work

toward implementing t h e r e s e a r c h o u t l i n e d i n the paper was subsequently

begun under a s m a l l c o n t r a c t w i t h the Bureau o f the Census. I t was a n t i c i p a t e d

I n a d d i t i o n t o those persons who were members o f t h e OEO s t a f f , a s s i s t a n c e and h e l p f u l commentary were r e c e i v e d from Robert J. Larapman, John Mogey, Guy O r c u t t , and M a r t i n David.

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t h a t f a m i l i e s i n t e r v i e w e d i n the 1967 wave of the SEO would be subsampled t o

f o r m a s m a l l e r p a n e l which would be f o l l o w e d over t i m e . The obvious ad­

vantages of u s i n g the 1967 SEO as a sampling source were t h a t one o b s e r v a t i o n

o f the p a n e l would be complete a t t h e v e r y b e g i n n i n g o f the study and i t

would be p o s s i b l e e a s i l y and cheaply t o s t r a t i f y the sample by l e v e l o f w e l l -

b e i n g from i n f o r m a t i o n o b t a i n e d i n the SEO i n t e r v i e w , r a t h e r than t o screen

respondents i n the f i e l d .

I t soon became apparent t h a t the processing o f the panel would

r e q u i r e commitment o f a h i g h l y t r a i n e d and s p e c i a l i z e d s t a f f . I t a l s o be­

came apparent t h a t the k i n d o f r e s e a r c h OEO wished t o undertake could e a s i l y

i n v o l v e p o l i t i c a l l y s e n s i t i v e m a t t e r s , f o r i n s t a n c e , a l i e n a t i o n and a t t i t u d e s

t o w a r d the government, which c o u l d b e t t e r be handled by an academic group.

A d e c i s i o n was reached a t OEO t o s o l i c i t a working arrangement w i t h an

academically-based survey research o r g a n i z a t i o n . The study paper was s e n t

t o o r g a n i z a t i o n s b e l i e v e d t o have the f i e l d and r e s e a r c h s t a f f r e q u i r e d t o

handle a panel composed of a l l t h e persons i n 5,000 f a m i l i e s . Proposals were

r e c e i v e d from t h r e e o r g a n i z a t i o n s and on the b a s i s of those proposals the

Survey Research Center o f the U n i v e r s i t y o f Michigan was s e l e c t e d . Work was

begun immediately by members of the Survey Research Center and the OEO

r e s e a r c h s t a f f t o implement the s t u d y o u t l i n e .

One o f t h e problems c r e a t e d by t h e t r a n s f e r o f work from the Census

was the p o s s i b l e l o s s of a b i l i t y t o r e i n t e r v i e w persons i n the SEO sample.

A Census r u l e h e l d t h a t OEO c o u l d n o t have complete access t o the i n f o r m a t i o n ,

s p e c i f i c a l l y t h e f a m i l y ' s name and address, which would be c o l l e c t e d i n the

1967 SEO i n t e r v i e w s . This r u l e i s based on concern f o r the c o n f i d e n t i a l i t y

o f i n f o r m a t i o n g i v e n by respondents t o t h e Census. Yet, from the p o i n t o f

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v i e w o f t h i s p r o j e c t the r u l i n g r a i s e d the p r o s p e c t t h a t OEO would i n c u r a

s u b s t a n t i a l i n c r e a s e i n c o s t s because o f the need t o s t a r t w i t h a new

d w e l l i n g - u n i t sample i n v o l v i n g s c r e e n i n g respondents i n t h e f i e l d . Members

o f t h e OEO r e s e a r c h s t a f f met w i t h the D i r e c t o r of the Census Bureau i n

e a r l y 1967 b e f o r e the 1967 SEO i n t e r v i e w s were t a k e n , and worked out an

agreement t h a t r e c o n c i l e d these c o n f l i c t i n g c o n s i d e r a t i o n s . I t was agreed

t h a t a l l f a m i l i e s t h a t the Census was about t o i n t e r v i e w would be g i v e n t h e

o p p o r t u n i t y t o s i g n a statement which a u t h o r i z e d the Census t o g i v e OEO the

needed i n f o r m a t i o n . About 701 of the i n t e r v i e w e d f a m i l i e s signed t h e

" r e l e a s e of i n f o r m a t i o n f o r m . " Though more w i l l be s a i d about the sample

desig n i n S e c t i o n I I , i n g e n e r a l , i t c a l l e d f o r about 3,000 f a m i l i e s newly

s e l e c t e d from the Survey Research Center's sampling frame and about 1,900

s u b s e l e c t e d from the 1967 SEO.

D e t a i l s o f t h e T h e o r e t i c a l Model

A schematic o u t l i n e o f the r e c u r s i v e model b e i n g used i s shown

on page 5, w i t h i t s t h r e e main groups of v a r i a b l e s : economic s t a t u s ,

economic b e h a v i o r , and p e r s o n a l i t y and a t t i t u d e s . T h i s o u t l i n e i s t h e bare

bones of the model t h a t i s b e i n g used t o e x p l a i n the s h o r t r u n dynamic

changes o c c u r r i n g among the p o p u l a t i o n o f f a m i l i e s and i n d i v i d u a l s .

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Economic Status

Economic Behavior

P e r s o n a l i t y , A t t i t u d e s

Each' o f the t h r e e main v a r i a b l e s has a number, of components or i s measurable

i n more than one way, as shown below:

P e r s o n a l i t y and A t t i t u d e s

A m b i t i o n - a s p i r a t i o n T r u s t i n o t h e r s B e l i e f i n rewards f o r s t r i v i n g H o s t i l i t y - a n o m i e

Economic Behavior

Income i n c r e a s i n g a c t s Connections t o sources of i n f o r m a t i o n . Time h o r i z o n ( a c t s o f p l a n n i n g ahead) Avoidance o f undue r i s k Real e a r n i n g a c t s (such as home maintenance and auto r e p a i r s ) Economizing a c t s ( l i k e e a t i n g a t home and n o n p r o f l i g a t e spending)

Economic S t a t u s

Family, money income Family n e t r e a l income/needs

I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e three.main v a r i a b l e s o f ,the r e c u r s i v e p a r t of

t h e model, two sets o f exogenous events e n t e r the model as p r e d i c t o r s .

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The f i r s t of these a re background e v e n t s , which are known, from p r e v i o u s

s t u d i e s , t o be s t r o n g l y a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e l e v e l o f economic s t a t u s — f a c t o r s

such as b e i n g born b l a c k , poor, o r i n a r u r a l area. These f a c t o r s do a f f e c t

t h e v a r i a b l e s i n the r e c u r s i v e model, b u t are completed events which cannot

themselves be a f f e c t e d by the s h o r t - r u n dynamics o f t h e model. U n p r e d i c t a b l e

chance events a l s o e n t e r as v a r i a b l e s i n t o the model. Among such v a r i a b l e s

a r e g e t t i n g h u r t i n an a c c i d e n t , a s e r i o u s i l l n e s s o f a f a m i l y member, or a

loose l o c a l l a b o r market.

Current Background Chance Events Economic Events St a t u s

Economic Behavior

P e r s o n a l i t y , A t t i t u d e s

The main f u n c t i o n of t h e t h e o r e t i c a l model i s t o g i v e a c o n s i s t e n t

g e n e r a l s t r u c t u r e t o the c o l l e c t i o n and a n a l y s i s o f data. I t a l s o p r o v i d e s

a c o n c e p t u a l framework w i t h i n which t h e data w i l l be analyzed. C l e a r l y , i t

i s n o t the o n l y p o s s i b l e model, nor n e c e s s a r i l y the be s t one. Undoubtedly

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t h e data w i l l be analyzed i n ways t h a t are not now a n t i c i p a t e d , and i t I s

q u i t e reasonable t o expect t h a t o t h e r models w i l l be employed w i t h the same

d a t a . And since t h e d a t a from t h i s study w i l l be a v a i l a b l e t o o t h e r a n a l y s t s

on computer tape, i t i s c e r t a i n t h a t they w i l l f i n d o t h e r models which b e t t e r

s u i t t h e i r own r e s e a r c h i n t e r e s t s .

The Focus o f the A n a l y s i s

Since t h e r e are t h r e e d i f f e r e n t a t t i t u d i n a l indexes and s i x

composite measures o f economic b e h a v i o r , each w i t h some t h e o r e t i c a l j u s t i f i ­

c a t i o n and d i s t i n c t reason f o r i n c l u s i o n , the a n a l y s i s w i l l focus on t r y i n g

t o answer such q u e s t i o n s as: Which a t t i t u d e s tend t o a f f e c t behavior and

f o r what k i n d s o f people? Which behavior p a t t e r n s seem t o l e a d t o change i n

economic s t a t u s ? Which changes i n economic s t a t u s can be a t t r i b u t e d t o

people's own b e h a v i o r s and which are the r e s u l t of f o r c e s o u t s i d e t h e i r

c o n t r o l ? What k i n d s o f economic changes, and f o r whom, lead t o changed

a t t i t u d e s and/or changed behaviors?

There are some basic g e n e r a l hypotheses about human behavior im­

bedded I n the s t r u c t u r e . For i n s t a n c e , Buccess (improved c o n d i t i o n ) leads

t o r a i s e d a s p i r a t i o n l e v e l s ( i n some c i r c u m s t a n c e s ) . M o t i v a t i o n i s a com­

b i n a t i o n of s t a b l e p e r s o n a l i t y c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s and more changeable a t t i t u d e s

( s u b j e c t i v e p r o b a b i l i t i e s and s p e c i f i c f e l t heed). Success (and i t s rewards)

may i n c r e a s e m o t i v a t i o n more than f a i l u r e and punishment.

There should be some p r a c t i c a l i m p l i c a t i o n s o f the f i n d i n g s i n

s e v e r a l areas. For i n s t a n c e , i f some k i n d s of events produce more change

i n people's a t t i t u d e s and b e h a v i o r p a t t e r n s than o t h e r s , p o l i c i e s p r o d u c i n g

t h a t k i n d o f event may be i n d i c a t e d . I f c e r t a i n k i n d s o f a t t i t u d e s produce

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more changes i n b e h a v i o r , o r c e r t a i n b e h a v i o r p a t t e r n s seem t o produce more

changes i n s t a t u s ^ then p o l i c i e s a t t e m p t i n g t o produce those a t t i t u d e s , or

b e h a v i o r s may be i n d i c a t e d . Perhaps most i m p o r t a n t , the study should throw

l i g h t on who among the low-income f a m i l i e s have p o t e n t i a l f o r s e l f - s u p p o r t

and whether they can be d i s t i n g u i s h e d and s e l e c t e d f o r investment in,new

s k i l l s . By f o l l o w i n g f a m i l i e s over an extended p e r i o d and l o o k i n g a t what

happens t o them and what they do, i t should be p o s s i b l e t o see how some

managed t o improve and t o assess whether any o f the s t i l l - p o o r might s t i l l

make i t on t h e i r own.

The I n f o r m a t i o n Content

The b a s i c study d e s i g n c a l l e d f o r s e v e r a l measures o f economic

s t a t u s , , o f r e l e v a n t economic behavior p a t t e r n s , and o f some r e l a t e d

a t t i t u d e s , p l u s some background I n f o r m a t i o n .

Three b a s i c types of economic s t a t u s measures and s e v e r a l p a r a l l e l

v a r i a n t s o f each of these have been c o n s t r u c t e d . The f i r s t i s annual

i n c o m e — t h e best measure of the economic resources a v a i l a b l e t o the f a m i l y .

The v a r i a n t s on our Income measures range from simple t o t a l money income

t o measures which account f o r income i n k i n d , such as t h e imputed r e n t a l

v a l u e of owner occupied homes, and measures which n e t out e s t i m a t e d f e d e r a l

income taxes and expenses a s s o c i a t e d w i t h the e a r n i n g of income.

The second type o f .status measure, the "Orshansky" t y p e , a d j u s t s

t h e simple d o l l a r income measure by t a k i n g i n t o account t h e d i f f e r e n t i a l needs

o f f a m i l i e s of v a r y i n g compositions and s i z e s . The "need s t a n d a r d " used f o r

t h i s adjustment takes account o f the economies of s c a l e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h l a r g e

f a m i l i e s , and the food requirements o f f a m i l y members based on t h e i r ages

and sex. Orshansky r a t i o s have been d e r i v e d f o r each of the income v a r i a n t s .

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The t h i r d measure of economic s t a t u s takes account of the hours o f

work t h e f a m i l y must do t o earn i t s income o r , a l t e r n a t i v e l y , the amount of

l e i s u r e the f a m i l y has l e f t t o enjoy i t . D i f f i c u l t c o n c e p t u a l problems arc

r a i s e d i n a t t e m p t i n g t o e s t a b l i s h an e q u i v a l e n c y between income and l e i s u r e .

However, i t i s q u i t e c l e a r t h a t , a t the margin, more hours o f l e i s u r e are

p r e f e r r e d t o fewer f o r any g i v e n l e v e l of income. On t h a t b a s i s we have

developed a " w e l l - o f f n e s s " measure which encompasses income, needs, and

l e i s u r e .

We have asked a number of q u e s t i o n s which are designed t o e l i c i t

t h e respondent's s u b j e c t i v e s a t i s f a c t i o n w i t h h i s economic s t a t u s . We p l a n

t o r e l a t e changes i n t h i s r e p o r t e d s a t i s f a c t i o n t o changes i n our v a r i o u s

s t a t u s measures and perhaps develop more r e f i n e d measures i n the process.

The b e h a v i o r a l and a t t i t u d i n a l measures r e q u i r e d developmental

work. A p e r u s a l of the l i t e r a t u r e r e v e a l e d v e r y l i t t l e a p p r o p r i a t e m a t e r i a l

t h a t had been v a l i d a t e d or used on broad r e p r e s e n t a t i v e samples. Extensive

d i s c u s s i o n s were conducted w i t h a v a r i e t y o f s o c i a l s c i e n t i s t s i n economics,

psychology, s o c i o l o g y , and s o c i a l work. The r e s u l t i n g a t t i t u d i n a l measures

f o c u s l a r g e l y on a few major i t e m s :

1. Sense of p e r s o n a l e f f i c a c y o r s e l f - c o n f i d e n c e , time h o r i z o n and p r o p e n s i t y t o p l a n ahead, a l l of which ended up i n a s i n g l e index.

2. T r u s t i n o t h e r s , and i n the rewards of s t r i v i n g , versus h o s t i l i t y - a n o m i e .

3. A m b i t i o n and h i g h a s p i r a t i o n .

The q u e s t i o n s used t o measure these a t t i t u d e s are p a r t l y s e l f -

d e s c r i p t i v e and p a r t l y g e n e r a l a t t i t u d i n a l , and m o s t l y open-ended. The

development o f them b u i l t on p r e v i o u s work, went through p r e t e s t i n g , and

ended w i t h indexes c r e a t e d p a r t l y by judgment and p a r t l y a c c o r d i n g t o p a t t e r n s

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o f c o r r e l a t i o n ( a v o i d i n g combining t h i n g s w i t h v e r y low or n e g a t i v e c o r r e l a ­

t i o n s ) .

The b e h a v i o r a l measures i n c l u d e components o f b e h a v i o r , which a re

open t o most people, and seem t o f i t t he c o n c e p t u a l framework. These com­

ponents are combined i n t o indexes by simple a d d i t i o n , b u t adjustment i s made

f o r components where any s u b s t a n t i a l number o f people a re f o r e c l o s e d , by u s i n g

scores o f 0, 1, 2 i n s t e a d o f 0, 1. The f o r e c l o s e d group i s scored 1 and the

o t h e r s e i t h e r 0 or 2 depending on whether they engaged i n t h e b e h a v i o r . Thus

people got two p o i n t s on the r i s k avoidance index i f they fastened t h e i r seat

b e l t s , b u t non-car owners who would n o t be e l i g i b l e f o r t h e two p o i n t s were

p u t i n the middle w i t h one p o i n t .

S i x indexes so generated were g i v e n names r o u g h l y d e s c r i b i n g what

t h e y r e p r e s e n t :

1. Money e a r n i n g a c t s ( t h i n g s t h a t i n c r e a s e money e a r n i n g s ) .

2. Connectedness t o sources o f i n f o r m a t i o n and h e l p .

3. P l a n n i n g a c t s , b e h a v i o r a l evidences o f ti m e h o r i z o n .

4. Avoidance o f undue r i s k s .

5. Real e a r n i n g a c t s ( d o - i t - y o u r s e l f p r o j e c t s l i k e r e p a i r i n g own c a r ) .

6. Economizing - money s a v i n g a c t i v i t i e s l i k e e a t i n g t o g e t h e r , e a t i n g a t home, and keeping down e x p e n d i t u r e on a l c o h o l and c i g a r e t t e s .

I n a d d i t i o n t o the b e h a v i o r a l indexes t h e r e are scales f o r employment

problems (unemployment, i l l n e s s , e t c . ) , background problems ( r u r a l background,

poor p a r e n t s , f i r s t c h i l d e a r l y ) , c u r r e n t handicaps ( d i s a b i l i t i e s , dependents,

d i f f i c u l t i e s communicating), and q u a l i t y o f housi n g and neighborhood.

F i n a l l y t h e r e are some v a r i a b l e s measuring the q u a l i t y o f the l o c a l

( c o u n t y ) environment based on Census d a t a and on a q u e s t i o n n a i r e sent t o t h e

- 1 1 -

s t a t e employment s e c u r i t y commissions.

Three areas where measurement i n the f i r s t two waves may be i n ­

adequate o r m i s s i n g are p h y s i c a l l i m i t a t i o n s ( d i s a b i l i t i e s ) , mental a b i l i t y

( i n t e l l i g e n c e ) , and p s y c h o l o g i c a l f o r c e s (achievement m o t i v a t i o n ) . There

were a few qu e s t i o n s on d i s a b i l i t i e s of t h e head i n the f i r s t q u e s t i o n n a i r e ,

and more d e t a i l e d q u e s t i o n s about the head's d i s a b i l i t i e s p l u s those of o t h e r

f a m i l y members on t h e second wave, b u t t h e r e i s evidence from m e t h o d o l o g i c a l

s t u d i e s t h a t such measures are i m p r e c i s e . One problem i s t h a t t h i s study

r e q u i r e s e s t i m a t i n g the economic impact o f l i m i t i n g p h y s i c a l c o n d i t i o n s , which

may be o n l y l o o s e l y t i e d t o f u n c t i o n a l l i m i t a t i o n s .

For i n s t a n c e , l o s s o f a hand might r e s u l t i n l i t t l e or no r e d u c t i o n

i n income f o r a mathematician o r a s p o r t s c a s t e r . I t should a l s o be kept i n

mind t h a t the same me d i c a l c o n d i t i o n i n c u r r e d l a t e r i n l i f e may have q u i t e a

d i f f e r e n t economic impact than i f i n c u r r e d a t a very young age; t h i s d i f f e r e n t i a l

i mpact i t s e l f might v a r y w i t h s t i l l o t h e r circumstances. A "nervous" c o n d i t i o n

m i g h t have a s i g n i f i c a n t impact on income l e v e l , y e t such a c o n d i t i o n may not

be e a s i l y d e t e c t a b l e i n an i n t e r v i e w i n g s i t u a t i o n unless c a r e f u l l y c o n s t r u c t e d

q u e s t i o n sequences are used t o f a c i l i t a t e the respondent's r e p o r t o f the

c o n d i t i o n . Some m e t h o d o l o g i c a l work i s under way.

Measurement of l i m i t a t i o n s i n i n t e l l i g e n c e or e d u c a t i o n t h a t may

hamper a person economically a l s o r a i s e s problems. Most i n t e l l i g e n c e t e s t s

measure n o t o n l y b a s i c mental a c u i t y , b u t a l s o f o r m a l e d u c a t i o n , v o c a b u l a r y ,

and even m o t i v a t i o n . I n t e l l i g e n c e t e s t 6 have been commonly designed f o r ad­

m i n i s t r a t i o n i n a classroom or c l i n i c a l s e t t i n g and thus present d i f f i c u l t

problems i n v o l u n t a r y f i e l d s i t u a t i o n s . One such problem i s t h a t t e s t s

g e n e r a l l y push the examinee t o the l e v e l where he f a i l s . When used on survey

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r espondents, such p u b l i c f a i l u r e i s f e l t t o cause antagonism and r e s u l t i n

f u t u r e noncooperation, a s e r i o u s problem f o r a panel s t u d y . For our purposes

t h e extremes of t h e i n t e l l i g e n c e d i s t r i b u t i o n are the most i m p o r t a n t , on t h e

hypotheses t h a t extreme l i m i t a t i o n s may be a cause of low economic s t a t u s ,

w h i l e extremely h i g h i n t e l l i g e n c e may a l l o w an i n d i v i d u a l t o overcome a l l

s o r t s o f o t h e r handicaps. An " i n t e l l i g e n c e t e s t " designed t o d i s t i n g u i s h the

l o w e r end of t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n was g i v e n t o p a r t of the sample i n 1968, b u t

more development work i s r e q u i r e d b e f o r e we can j u s t i f y a d m i n i s t e r i n g a t e s t

t o t h e whole sample.

F i n a l l y , w h i l e a t t i t u d e s and b e h a v i o r a l indexes are i m p o r t a n t , i t

would be b e t t e r t o have a l s o some measure o f b a s i c p e r s o n a l i t y d i s p o s i t i o n s , 3

p a r t i c u l a r l y achievement m o t i v a t i o n . Achievement m o t i v a t i o n i s thought t o

be a r e l a t i v e l y s t a b l e aspect of an i n d i v i d u a l ' s p e r s o n a l i t y , c h a r a c t e r i z e d

by a tendency t o get s a t i s f a c t i o n from overcoming o b s t a c l e s by one's own

e f f o r t , and o f t e n m a n i f e s t i n g i t s e l f i n what economists c a l l e n t r e p r e n e u r i a l

a c t i v i t i e s : t a k i n g c a l c u l a t e d r i s k s , b u t not gambling on l o n g s h o t s . Measures

o f the motive were developed u s i n g c o n t e n t a n a l y s i s o f i m a g i n a t i v e s t o r i e s

e l i c i t e d by r a t h e r vague p i c t u r e s i n c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h s t a n d a r d q u e s t i o n s l i k e :

What i s happening? What are t h e people t h i n k i n g ? What ^ w i l l happen next?

These t h e m a t i c a p p e r c e p t i o n t e s t (TAT) p r o t o c o l s have been used i n a n a t i o n a l

See David M c C l e l l a n d , The Ac h i e v i n g S o c i e t y , D Van Nostrand, P r i n c e t o n , N.J., •1961; John W. Atkinson,-Ed. , Motives i n Fantasy, A c t i o n and S o c i e t y , D Van Nostrand, P r i n c e t o n , N.J., 1958; and John W. A t k i n s o n , An I n t r o d u c t i o n t o M o t i v a t i o n , D Van Nostrand, P r i n c e t o n , N.J., 1964.

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p e r s o n a l i n t e r v i e w study and i n a study o f i n j u r e d workers. However, the

p r o t o c o l s t o o k s u b s t a n t i a l i n t e r v i e w i n g t i m e , r e q u i r e d adjustments f o r . wide

v a r i a t i o n s i n the amount of s t o r y content d i f f e r e n t respondents gave, and i n

t h e case o f non-ver b a l people l i k e I n j u r e d workers, produced very l i t t l e

c o n t e n t and some r e s i s t a n c e .

Another achievement m o t i v a t i o n measure i s based on a d e r i v a t i v e

t h e o r y t h a t h i g h achievement m o t i v a t i o n leads t o s t r o n g d i s t i n c t i o n s between

easy and d i f f i c u l t tasks and t h e p l a c i n g o f v e r y h i g h .reward v a l u e s on d i f ­

f i c u l t ones. F i e l d measures o f t h i s motive were o b t a i n e d by a s k i n g respondents

t o p l a c e v a l u e s on d i f f i c u l t and easy occupations. T h i s measure d i d h e l p

e x p l a i n d i f f e r e n c e s i n earning s and i n ed u c a t i o n completed by or planned f o r

c h i l d r e n , even l n m u l t i v a r i a t e analyses.^

A b a s i c problem i s t h a t people's v e r b a l t r i b u t e t o achievement and

e n t e r p r i s e i s n o t a good measure o f t h e i r b a s i c p e r s o n a l i t y and o f t e n gets

confounded w i t h a t t i t u d e s toward perseverance, i n d u s t r y , or success as a g o a l .

M e t h o d o l o g i c a l work has been going on i n the l a b o r a t o r y t o t r a n s f e r p r o m i s i n g

measures i n t o forms t h a t can be used i n v o l u n t a r y p e r s o n a l i n t e r v i e w s i t u a t i o n s

and w i t h a much wi d e r range o f ages, e d u c a t i o n a l l e v e l s , e t c . than covered by

t h e usual c o l l e g e c l a s s . D u r i n g the next year a d d i t i o n a l developmental work

Gerald G u r i n , Joseph V e r o f f and S h e i l a C. F e l d , Americans View T h e i r M e n t a l H e a l t h , New York, Basic Books,' 1960; James N. Morgan, Marvin Snider and Marion Sobol, Lump Sum Redemption S e t t l e m e n t s and R e h a b i l i t a t i o n : A Study o f Workmen's Compensation i n Michigan, Ann Arbor, I n s t i t u t e f o r S o c i a l Research, 1959.

See James Morgan, M a r t i n David, W i l b u r Cohen and Harvey Brazer, Income and W e l f a r e i n the United S t a t e s , New York, McGraw-Hill, 1962; James Morgan "Achievement Motive and Economic Behavior," Economic Development and C u l t u r a l Change X I I ( A p r i l , 1964), 243-267.

-14-

w i l l be done on need achievement measures. We have secured t h e c o o p e r a t i o n

of P r o f e s s o r Joseph V e r o f f , an e x p e r t w i t h e x t e n s i v e experience i n m o t i v a ­

t i o n a l s t u d i e s , who w i l l work w i t h Charles C a n n e l l and Kent Marquis o f t h e

Survey Research Center's program i n survey methodology t o develop b e t t e r

achievement m o t i v a t i o n measures.

Sample

The sample f o r t h i s study combined a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e c r o s s - s e c t i o n

sample o f n e a r l y 3,000 f a m i l i e s i n the coterminous U n i t e d S t a t e s , s e l e c t e d

f r o m the Survey Research Center's master sampling frame, and a subsample o f

about 1,900 f a m i l i e s i n t e r v i e w e d p r e v i o u s l y by the Bureau of t h e census f o r

the O f f i c e of Economic O p p o r t u n i t y .

The subsample drawn from the OEO-Census st u d y was l i m i t e d t o

f a m i l i e s t h a t had the f o l l o w i n g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s :

1. T h e i r income i n 1966 was l e s s t h a n t w i c e t h e o f f i c i a l p o v e r t y l i n e .

2. The head of the f a m i l y was n o t over 60 years o f age i n the s p r i n g o f 1967.

3. The f a m i l y gave p e r m i s s i o n t o the Census Bureau t o r e l e a s e t h e i n f o r m a t i o n i t s u p p l i e d t o OEO.

The combined sample covers 120 sampling areas ( m o s t l y c o u n t i e s or

s e t s o f c o u n t i e s ) . T h i r t y - t h r e e o f the areas i n c l u d e d f a m i l i e s f r o m b o t h the

OEO-Census st u d y and the SRC master sampling frame. These t h i r t y - t h r e e areas

i n c l u d e d t h e t w e l v e l a r g e s t U n i t e d States m e t r o p o l i t a n areas. Forty-one areas

c o n t a i n e d o n l y f a m i l i e s from t h e SRC master sampling frame and f o r t y - s i x i n ­

c l u d e d o n l y f a m i l i e s f r o m the OEO-Census study. From the combined sample one

can d e r i v e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e data f o r each o f f o u r r e g i o n s o f the c o u n t r y , b u t the

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d a t a must be weighted unless one uses o n l y the SRC r e p r e s e n t a t i v e c r o s s -

s e c t i o n sample. The sample i s n o t designed so as to g i v e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e

e s t i m a t e s f o r s m a l l e r areas.

Sample Weights

The w e i g h t s take account of f a i l u r e s t o o b t a i n an i n t e r v i e w w i t h

sample f a m i l i e s , i n c l u d i n g non-response t o the f i r s t wave o f i n t e r v i e w i n g i n

t h e s p r i n g 1968, b u t n o t of subsequent pa n e l l o s s e s . The l a t t e r are r e l a t i v e l y

u n i m p o r t a n t as p o t e n t i a l sources o f b i a s compared w i t h t he dramatic d i f f e r e n c e s

i n sampling and subsampling r a t e s . The w e i g h t s a l s o a d j u s t f o r t he f a c t t h a t

a bout a q u a r t e r of t h e OEO-Census st u d y sample d i d n o t s i g n a r e l e a s e o f t h e i r

i n f o r m a t i o n t o the OEO and, consequently, Census co u l d n o t r e l e a s e s u f f i c i e n t l y

d e t a i l e d i n f o r m a t i o n so t h a t these f a m i l i e s c o u l d be l o c a t e d and r e i n t e r v i e w e d .

While most a n a l y s i s w i l l be on f a m i l i e s , some w i l l be on i n d i v i d u a l s .

Each i n d i v i d u a l has the same weight as t h e f a m i l y , l e a v i n g no weight b i a s .

I n d e e d , i n subsequent waves, s i n c e t he i n i t i a l sample i s considered as i n ­

c l u d i n g a l l i n d i v i d u a l s l i v i n g i n the f a m i l i e s o r i g i n a l l y i n t e r v i e w e d , we

s h a l l f o l l o w and i n t e r v i e w i n d i v i d u a l s who move out (except minor c h i l d r e n

moving i n w i t h o t h e r r e l a t i v e s ) , and they w i l l a l s o keep t h e i r o r i g i n a l w e i g h t s .

F i e l d Procedures

Two waves of i n t e r v i e w s have been completed. I n t e r v i e w s were taken

between March and June o f 1968 and 1969.

F i e l d o p e r a t i o n s f o r b o t h waves f o l l o w e d t he standard o p e r a t i n g

p r o c e d u r e of the Research Center. Press r e l e a s e s were issued announcing the

s t u d y , l e t t e r s were sent t o each p o t e n t i a l respondent d e s c r i b i n g i n gen e r a l

- d e -

terms the g e n e r a l purpose o f the s t u d y , .and then the i n t e r v i e w e r s c a l l e d , on

respondents. . N e i t h e r the press r e l e a s e s , the l e t t e r s , nor the i n t e r v i e w e r s

s p e c i f i e d the O f f i c e o f Economic O p p o r t u n i t y as the.sponsor o f the s t u d y ,

l a r g e l y because of p o t e n t i a l p o l i t i c a l problems and because o f the c o n t r o v e r s i a l

n a t u r e of the p o v e r t y program i n some areas. The i n t e r v i e w e r s were i n s t r u c t e d

>to make every e f f o r t t o i n t e r v i e w the head of the h o u s e h o l d — d e f i n e d i n g e n e r a l

as the> husband or the main wage earner. Some i n t e r v i e w e r s made, as, many as

seven c a l l s in-an. attempt, t o i n t e r v i e w the head. I n - a few cases where t h e

head, simpl y r e f u s e d ior was u n a v a i l a b l e f o r the whole i n t e r v i e w i n g p e r i o d , i n t e r ­

views were taken w i t h the w i f e or a. c l o s e r e l a t i v e . A l l t h e . i d e n t i f y i n g ,

i n f o r m a t i o n — n a m e , address, and phone number of the respondent and name and

address and phone number o f someone who would know where the. respondent was

( t o h e l p - l o c a t e him the ne x t y e a r ) — w a s e n t e r e d on a form a p a r t from the

i n t e r v i e w c a l l e d t he "Cover Sheet." This, a l l o w s s e p a r a t i o n i n • t h e o f f i c e o f

a l l i d e n t i f y i n g i n f o r m a t i o n about the respondent from the c o n t e n t .of the i n t e r ­

v i e w so t h a t even the .coders do n o t know the i d e n t i t y .-of t h e - p e r s o n whose

i n f o r m a t i o n they are making machine- r e a d a b l e .

r • On the f i r s t wave i n 1968 those .being i n t e r v i e w e d f r o m the Census

Sample were promised payment a f t e r the i n t e r v i e w s i n c e they,had already-been

i n t e r v i e w e d once or t w i c e b e f o r e . As soon as the i n t e r v i e w s came i n t o t h e

Ann Arbor o f f i c e , a check f o r $5 was m a i l e d t o these people. The same people

were .also promised another $5 j u s t f o r m a i l i n g i n a card i n e a r l y '69 so t h a t

we would know f o r sure where they were. The procedure r e s u l t e d i n a s u b s t a n t i a l

r e d u c t i o n i n the f i e l d c o s t s o f f i n d i n g respondents who moved. I n the 1969 wave

• t h i s procedure -for a $5 payment a f t e r t h e i n t e r v i e w and a second $5 f o r a card

t o be sent i n i n e a r l y 1970 was a p p l i e d t o the f u l l sample s i n c e they were a l l

-17-

b e i n g asked f o r a r e i n t e r v i e w . Since t h e r e i s no c o n t r o l group, t h e r e i s no

easy way of knowing whether these payments increase the response r a t e and the

w i l l i n g n e s s t o 'cooperate. The payments a l s o helped the i n t e r v i e w e r secure

the c o o p e r a t i o n o f neighbors i n l o c a t i n g respondents who were hard t o f i n d .

Residents i n low-income neighborhoods a re o f t e n v e r y s u s p i c i o u s o f s t r a n g e r s

a s k i n g f o r someone's whereabouts s i n c e such people are o f t e n b i l l c o l l e c t o r s

o r i n v e s t i g a t o r s . This s u s p i c i o n was sometimes reduced when the i n t e r v i e w e r

c o u l d p o i n t -out t h a t t he respondent would be p a i d f o r t he i n t e r v i e w .

Respondents who spend an hour o r more answering q u e s t i o n s about

themselves are o f t e n i n t e r e s t e d i n f i n d i n g out how o t h e r people respond t o

t h e same k i n d s of q u e s t i o n s . One e f f e c t i v e way o f m a i n t a i n i n g respondents'

i n t e r e s t - and c o o p e r a t i o n i s to send respondents a r e p o r t summarizing study

f i n d i n g s each year. The f i r s t such r e p o r t was mailed out t o a l l t he r e ­

spondents i n e a r l y November 1968. M a i l i n g the r e p o r t i n November a l s o helped

i n l o c a t i n g f o r w a r d i n g addresses f o r some people who had moved w i t h o u t sending

i n t he card t o i n f o r m us they had changed r e s i d e n c e .

Response Rates

• The response r a t e s have t o be cons i d e r e d s e p a r a t e l y f o r the new

r e p r e s e n t a t i v e c r o s s - s e c t i o n sample and the 1 Census Sample.- < I n the case of the

new c r o s s - s e c t i o n ' sample, Survey Research Center"response r a t e s f o r economic

s t u d i e s tend t o vary around 85 p e r c e n t , ' b u t t h i s f i r s t wave came i n the Spring

o f 1 9 6 8 — a time of d i s t u r b a n c e or uneasiness i n urban areas w i t h much d i s c u s s i o n

about c o n f i d e n t i a l i t y and p r i v a c y . A r e s u l t , we b e l i e v e , was-that the response

" r a t e "in the c r o s s - s e c t i o n sample was around 75 p e r c e n t , w i t h t h e lowest r a t e s

i n the l a r g e urban areas. The i n c r e a s e i n nonresponse came l a r g e l y from

-18-

r e f u s a l a and from people who s i m p l y wouldn't answer the door. I n the case o f

t h e Census Sample the response r a t e was about the same b u t f o r e n t i r e l y

d i f f e r e n t reasons: many of the people had moved or were o t h e r w i s e n o t

l o c a t a b l e . The response r a t e i n the second wave, f r o m p r e l i m i n a r y c o u n t s , i s

between 85 and 90 p e r c e n t o f those p r e v i o u s l y i n t e r v i e w e d . We hope t h a t

response r a t e s w i l l c o n t i n u e t o be as h i g h or h i g h e r on successive waves. I t

must be remembered t h a t I n a p a n e l study our emphasis i s more on change over

t i m e than on r e p r e s e n t a t i v e p o p u l a t i o n e s t i m a t e s . Thus, w h i l e h i g h i n i t i a l

response r a t e s are always t o be d e s i r e d , i t i s more i m p o r t a n t t o r e i n t e r v i e w

a h i g h p r o p o r t i o n than t o pressure people t o cooperate on t h e f i r s t wave who

a r e l i k e l y t o be l o s t l a t e r . ( S t u d i e s are planned t o assess t h e impact o f

t h e losses i n the Census Sample s i n c e a g r e a t d e a l i s known from t h e p r e v i o u s

Census i n t e r v i e w s . )

P r o c e s s i n g and Data Cleaning

The i n t e r v i e w s go through t h r e e stages o f p r o c e s s i n g t o p u t the

d a t a i n t o machine readable form. I n the f i r s t of these, p r e - e d i t i n g , members

o f the a n a l y s i s s t a f f check such items as c u r r e n t f a m i l y c o m p o s i t i o n a g a i n s t

t h e r e c o r d from the p r e v i o u s year's i n t e r v i e w t o be sure t h a t the i n t e r v i e w

was indeed t a k e n w i t h the c o r r e c t f a m i l y and t o i d e n t i f y I n d i v i d u a l s so t h a t

t h e d ata can be matched w i t h l a s t y e a r ' s . The cover s h e e t s , which c o n t a i n

i d e n t i f y i n g i n f o r m a t i o n , are then separated f r o m the i n t e r v i e w schedule and

p l a c e d i n a c o n f i d e n t i a l f i l e .

The i n t e r v i e w s , now anonymous, go t h r o u g h e d i t i n g and coding stages.

E d i t o r s check t o be sure t h a t the q u e s t i o n n a i r e sequences were f o l l o w e d c o r ­

r e c t l y and then assemble n u m e r i c a l i n f o r m a t i o n f r o m v a r i o u s p a r t s o f the

-19-

q u e s t i o n n a i r e onto work sheets from which the data can be keypunched. The

e d i t o r s a l s o compute such b a s i c v a r i a b l e s as t o t a l f a m i l y income, t o t a l

f a m i l y work time and f a m i l y need s t a n d a r d . This p r o v i d e s a s u b j e c t i v e

"reasonableness" check which o f t e n catches e r r o r s which are d i f f i c u l t t o f i n d

by computer.

Coders co n v e r t the non-numerical answers i n t o d i g i t a l codes which

can be handled by computer. N e a r l y 300 v a r i a b l e s are coded f o r each f a m i l y

u n i t and an a d d i t i o n a l 18 are coded f o r each i n d i v i d u a l i n t h e sample.

Once on tape the data a re r u n through a s e r i e s o f data c l e a n i n g

programs t o c o r r e c t e r r o r s r e v e a l e d by i n c o n s i s t e n c i e s or i l l e g i t i m a t e codes.

C r e a t i o n o f A n a l y s i s F i l e s

Once the data are c l e a n some 80 a d d i t i o n a l v a r i a b l e s , complex

economic s t a t u s measures, b r a c k e t codes, and v a r i o u s indexes are generated by

computer. At the end o f t h i s process the f a m i l y u n i t f i l e f o r a g i v e n year i s

complete.

Data from the f i r s t two waves o f t h e study can then be merged and

used t o generate change v a r i a b l e s . A d d i t i o n a l c l e a n i n g o p e r a t i o n s w i l l take

p l a c e a t t h i s stage.

For some purposes, however, the f a m i l y i s n o t the i d e a l u n i t f o r

a n a l y s i s . C h i l d r e n from sample f a m i l i e s move out t o marry, couples s e p a r a t e ,

and i n d i v i d u a l s l i v i n g alone move i n w i t h o t h e r s i n g l e i n d i v i d u a l s . F a m i l i e s

a f t e r such a change are o f t e n v e r y d i f f e r e n t from the ones befor« the change

so t h a t s t a t u s change measures designed t o apply t o a s p e c i f i c f a m i l y are

somewhat confounded. Thus we c r e a t e another computer f i l e which c o n t a i n s a

s e p a r a t e r e c o r d f o r each i n d i v i d u a l i n t h e sample. These i n d i v i d u a l records

-20-

i n c l u d e t h e b a s i c i n f o r m a t i o n which was coded d i r e c t l y f o r t h a t i n d i v i d u a l

p l u s i n f o r m a t i o n about t h e f a m i l y i n which the i n d i v i d u a l was embedded a t the

t i m e o f the i n t e r v i e w . I f the f a m i l y c o m p o s i t i o n changes r a d i c a l l y , t h e u n i t

o f a n a l y s i s remains c o n s t a n t and the appended f a m i l y d a t a r e f l e c t s the change

t h a t has o c c u r r e d .

A n a l y s i s a t the i n d i v i d u a l l e v e l i s l i m i t e d by t h e f a c t t h a t

a t t i t u d i n a l data was o b t a i n e d o n l y f r o m the respondent ( u s u a l l y the head).

However, the a t t i t u d e s o f the f a m i l y head may be presumed t o be an i m p o r t a n t

i n d i r e c t i n f l u e n c e on the i n d i v i d u a l ' s b e h a v i o r so t h a t s u b s t a n t i a l a n a l y s i s

can be c a r r i e d out i n the absence o f d i r e c t a t t i t u d i n a l i n f o r m a t i o n .

To summarize, the data w i l l be a v a i l a b l e f o r a n a l y s i s i n the f o l l o w ­

i n g forms: a) a f a m i l y u n i t f i l e f o r each wave of the s t u d y , b) an i n d i v i d u a l

f i l e f o r each wave, and c) a number o f more complex f i l e s combining data f o r

more than one year f o r those who remain i n t h e sample.

Q u e s t i o n n a i r e

The q u e s t i o n n a i r e used i n the f i r s t wave o f t h i s study i s i n c l u d e d

so t h a t p r o s p e c t i v e users o f the computer f i l e s f r o m t h i s study may f a m i l i a r i z e

themselves w i t h the s p e c i f i c q u e s t i o n s asked o f respondents. I t should be

Kept i n mind t h a t the q u e s t i o n n a i r e was designed t o f a c i l i t a t e a n a t u r a l

I n t e r v i e w , and t h e o r d e r i n which q u e s t i o n s are asked does n o t r e p r e s e n t the

-way t h e y would be grouped on the b a s i s of t h e i r r e l a t e d n e s s f o r a n a l y t i c a l

•purposes. We have b u i l t indexes by p u l l i n g i n f o r m a t i o n from w i d e l y separated

p a r t s o f the q u e s t i o n n a i r e . I t should a l s o be remembered t h a t c e r t a i n q u e s t i o n s

may have a much d i f f e r e n t s u r f a c e c o n n o t a t i o n t o the respondent than the

a n a l y t i c a l ends f o r which they were asked.

We welcome the use o f any o f these q u e s t i o n s i n o t h e r s t u d i e s , and w i l l

p r o v i d e copies of the codes used w i t h them, upon r e q u e s t .

B I ­

SECTION I I

SAMPLE FOR THE PANEL STUDY OF INCOME DYNAMICS

I n t r o d u c t i o n

This s e c t i o n documents i n f u l l t h e s e l e c t i o n of the Census r e i n t e r ­

v i e w sample and shows i n b r i e f schematic form how the c r o s s - s e c t i o n sample

was s e l e c t e d .

The Survey Research Center's Cross-Section Sample

The c r o s s - s e c t i o n sample o f d w e l l i n g s was s e l e c t e d from the Survey

Research Center's master sampling frame o f the coterminous United S t a t e s .

The master sample i t s e l f i s f l e x i b l e ' i n d e s i g n so t h a t i t can be used over a

reasonable p e r i o d of time f o r more than one s e l e c t i o n of. d w e l l i n g s as w e l l

as f o r surveys w i t h d i f f e r i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s . The c h a r t on the next page

summarizes the c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of the Center's n a t i o n a l sample.^" The

s e l e c t i o n made f o r ' t h i s study was designed t o y i e l d 3,000 i n t e r v i e w s .

For a complete d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h i s sample, see Kish,, L., and Hess, I . ; The Survey Research^Center's N a t i o n a l ' Sample o f D w e l l i n g s (Ann.Arbor: I n s t i t u t f o r S o c i a l " Rese"arcW"l965)T ISR""#2315. ~~

SUMMARY OF CHARACTERISTICS AND DESIGN OF SRC NATIONAL SAMPLE OF DWELLINGSa

M u l t i s t a g e 1st

area County, county group, or SMSA as primary sampling u n i t (psu) C i t i e s , towns, census t r a c t s , minor c i v i l d i v i s i o n s , r u r a l areas Blocks, census ED s, chunks, c i t y d i r e c t o r y pages

Segments or c l u s t e r s of d w e l l i n g s

F a m i l i e s , spending u n i t s , or a d u l t s

P r o b a b i l i t y P r o b a b i l i t y propor­t i o n a t e t o s i z e (pps)

sample

pps

pps or equal p r o b a b i l i t y

Equal p r o b a b i l i t y

Equal or unequal p r o b a b i l i t y

O v e r - a l l sampling f r a c t i o n = prod, of s e l e c t i o n p r o b a b i l i t i e s over the s e v e r a l stages

7 1 psu from each o f 74 homogeneous s t r a t a

3-10 s e l e c t i o n s and average of f i v e s e l e c t i o n s per psu

1 s e l e c t i o n per ex­pected c l u s t e r of 4 du's, f o r 3,000 i n t e r v i e w survey 6-20 segments (av.=8) of 4 du's each per psu, f o r 3,000 i n t e r v i e w survey

A l l f a m i l i e s or spend­i n g u n i t s , or one a d u l t per household

of d w e l l i n g s and Universe o\ d w e l l i n g s I n 48 s t a t e s and D.C. e x c l u s i v e o f du's on m i l i t a r y r e s e r v a t i o n s ( p o p u l a t i o n i n non-du's excluded)

t h e i r occupants Households, f a m i l i e s , spending u n i t s , o r persons

i so to I

3. Sample s i z e determined: (1) t o y i e l d acceptable r e l i a b i l i t y f o r e s t i m a t e s of means, percentages, comparisons; (2) t o be a d m i n i s t r a t i v e l y f e a s i b l e . ' 8-10 t r a v e l i n g s u p e r v i s o r s ; permanent, l o c a l , p a r t - t i m e

i n t e r v i e w e r s i n 74 l o c a t i o n s (12 l a r g e s t SMSA's, 62 othe r 1 s t stage u n i t s ) . 4. S t r a t i f i c a t i o n w i t h i n psu's: (1) C e n t r a l c i t i e s of SMSA's; (2) o t h e r c i t i e s o f 50,000 or more; (3) urban places

2,500-49,999; (4) o t h e r urbanized areas; (5) remaining areas. 5. Sample d w e l l i n g s f o r s p e c i f i c study s e l e c t e d from: (1) area segments Q R (2) c l u s t e r s of du's (about 4 per c l u s t e r ) a t

„ , , ,, _, . , , o f about 4 du's; c i t y d i r e c t o r y addresses—supplemented by 6. P r o b a b i l i t y sampling p e r m i t s c a l c u l a t i o n of J . t . - , , ,

1 K. , , , c area sample to i n c l u d e du s a t addresses sampling e r r o r from the sample i t s e l f . N Q T ^ d i r e c t o r y >

7. The measurement of nonsampling e r r o r s , an im p o r t a n t c o n t r i b u t i o n t o t o t a l e r r o r i n survey data, i s not r e a d i l y e s t i m a t e d from the sample alone; o f t e n t he measurement i s dependent upon i n f o r m a t i o n o b t a i n e d from independent sources.

aFrom The Survey Research Center's N a t i o n a l Sample of D w e l l i n g s , op. c i t .

-23-

The Census Supplementary Sample

The Census supplementary sample was a subsample of f a m i l i e s i n t e r ­

viewed i n the s p r i n g of 1967 by the Bureau of the Census f o r the O f f i c e o f

Economic O p p o r t u n i t y . As a f i r s t step i n d e s c r i b i n g t h i s r e i n t e r v i e w sub-

sample we p r e s e n t a b r i e f d e s c r i p t i o n of the o r i g i n a l Census sample.

The O r i g i n a l Census Sample

The Census sample, which u t i l i z e d the 357-PSU design, had two p a r t s :

( 1 ) a c r o s s - s e c t i o n sample of about 18,000 households, designated E l ; (2) a

nonwhite supplement of about 12,000 households, designated E2, and l o c a t e d i n

1960 Enumeration D i s t r i c t s (ED's) w i t h s p e c i f i e d p r o p o r t i o n s o f nonwhite

p o p u l a t i o n , the p r o p o r t i o n s v a r y i n g w i t h g e o g r a p h i c a l l o c a t i o n s and degree

o f u r b a n i z a t i o n . The area r e p r e s e n t e d by the E2 supplement may al s o be

r e f e r r e d t o as the nonwhite s t r a t u m . D i s p r o p o r t i o n a t e sampling was necessary

i n the supplement i n order t o p r o v i d e e s t i m a t e s f o r e i g h t t a b u l a t i o n areas,

g e o g r a p h i c a l r e g i o n crossed by s i z e o f p l a c e .

The E l sample, by i t s e l f , was a n a t i o n a l c r o s s - s e c t i o n sample o f

about 18,000 households s e l e c t e d a t the o v e r - a l l r a t e o f 1/3158. The E2 sample

was n e i t h e r a n a t i o n a l sample n o r a s e l f - w e i g h t i n g sample; i t was a p r o b a b i l i t y

sample of about 12,000 households s e l e c t e d from the nonwhite s t r a t u m of ED's.

The sampling f r a c t i o n s ranged from about 1/258 t o 1/755.

I n combination the E l and E2 samples when p r o p e r l y weighted formed a

n a t i o n a l c r o s s - s e c t i o n sample of about 30,000 households, s e l e c t e d i n c l u s t e r s

(segments) of an expected s i x d w e l l i n g s . Segments i n the nonwhite s t r a t u m had

a d u a l chance o f s e l e c t i o n , f i r s t f o r the E l sample and second f o r the E2 sample;

hence the t o t a l s e l e c t i o n p r o b a b i l i t y was the sum o f the E l and the E2 p r o b a b i l i t i e s .

The r e m a i n i n g segments r e t a i n e d the E l s e l e c t i o n p r o b a b i l i t y . A consequence of

-24-

these disproportionate s e l e c t i o n p r o b a b i l i t i e s was the disproportionate

values of thie weights. These ranged from a minimum of 238.51 to a maximum

of 3158.

Although the o r i g i n a l Census sample i s conveniently r e f e r r e d to as

a 30,000 household sample, some selections were made from group quarters

also. Within a household the sample respondent was any responsible adult

who reported f o r a l l household members. In group quarters each'selected

i n d i v i d u a l reported f o r himself.

I n a sense the 1967 survey made f o r the O f f i c e of Economic

Opportunity was i t s e l f a reinterview study because the sample households

and i n d i v i d u a l s were f i r s t v i s i t e d and interviewed by the Bureau of the

Census i n the spring of 1966. However, no attempt was made to conduct the

1967 in t e r v i e w w i t h the 1966 respondent". I n 1967 the sample segments were

r e v i s i t e d , and an interview was attempted w i t h a responsible member of each

current sample household; i n a large number of cases the 1966 and the 1967

households were i d e n t i c a l .

Because of a Census Bureau administrative r u l e , i t was necessary

that w r i t t e n permission be secured from each 1967 respondent i n order to

release h i s name and address to the Office of Economic Opportunity. There­

fo r e , the reinterview sample was reduced to those respondents signing

releases and was subject to the biases a r i s i n g from nonresponse as w e l l as

from nonrelease of respondent i d e n t i f i c a t i o n .

For t h i s study a sample size much smaller than 30,000 households

was desired. However, unless disproportionate sampling by income l e v e l was

used, the number of fam i l i e s below the poverty l e v e l would be i n s u f f i c i e n t

f o r separate estimates by white and nonwhite c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s i n a small sample

of 3,000 to 5,000 households. A sample of t h i s size was chosen because i t

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was the maximum that the Center i s s t a f f e d to handle e f f i c i e n t l y .

Another problem that faced the SRC was the cost of s t a f f i n g and

administering a large f i e l d operation i n areas where the Census Bureau took

interviews but where the Center did not have interviewers.

I n an attempt to s a t i s f y research, budgetary and administrative

I n t e r e s t s , the two-part sample evolved. While the new 3,000 interview cross-

s e c t i o n sample drawn by SRC was subject to biases of nonresponse and of panel

losses, i t began as an unbiased sample t h a t had as one of i t s research

p o t e n t i a l s the opportunity to assess the bias that might have been present i n

the reinterview sample because of the nonsigning of releases. The actual r e ­

i n t e r v i e w sample was l i m i t e d to a subsample of about 2,000 interviews w i t h

f a m i l i e s having low economic status and heads under 60 years of age at the

time of the 1967 interview. Thus, the reinterview sample was used to augment

the cross-section sample from the population groups of greatest research

i n t e r e s t — poor f a m i l i e s i n general, and poor Negro f a m i l i e s i n p a r t i c u l a r .

Selection of the Reinterview Sample for SRC

Three of the goals i n designing the reinterview sample were: (1) to

make maximum use of the SRC sample areas; (2) to maintain a p r o b a b i l i t y sample

from a definable universe; (3) to determine a sample size that would y i e l d a

s i z a b l e number of interviews w i t h poor f a m i l i e s . Achievement of these goals

was complicated by the f a c t that planning f o r the 1968 survey had to proceed

before information was available about signers of releases and t h e i r income

d i s t r i b u t i o n . Somewhat su b j e c t i v e l y i t was decided to r e s t r i c t families

taken from the Census sample to those w i t h incomes equal to or less than $2000

+ N ($1000), where N i s the number of persons i n the family. The value $2000

+ N ($1000) was roughly equal to twice the federal poverty l i n e used i n 1967.

Also arri v e d at s u b j e c t i v e l y was the geographical area represented by the

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reinterview sample.

Comparison of the SRC sample points with the 357-PSU Census sample

revealed that the two samples have complete overlap among the areas comprising

the 12 self-representing primary areas i n the SRC sample; there i s p a r t i a l over­

lap of other sample SMSA's but almost no overlap between non-SMSA's i n the SRC

sample and those i n the 357-PSU sample.

For planning purposes we obtained a tab u l a t i o n by PSU of the number of

fam i l i e s and i n d i v i d u a l s interviewed i n 1966 with heads under 60 years of age

and whose family income was less than 1.7 times the f e d e r a l poverty l i n e . With

•these" data, which'showed a range from'zero to over a hundred sample cases by PSU,

we calculated the probable sample size f o r a l t e r n a t i v e designs, assuming that

about 60 percent of the respondents would sign releases and that about 90 percent

of signers would grant interviews to the SRC interviewer i n 1968.

Because of administrative and cost r e s t r i c t i o n s we l i m i t e d ourselves

t o a maximum of 40 new sample PSU's (those neither i n nor adjacent to the SRC

current n a t i o n a l sample PSU's). To meet t h i s l a s t requirement while achieving

the desired sample size led to the decision to do no subsampling w i t h i n PSU's,

As an t i c i p a t e d , t h i s l i m i t i n g of the number of PSU's while accepting a l l e l i g i b l e

cases w i t h i n the designated sample PSU's led to wide d i s p a r i t y i n the o v e r - a l l

weights.

The se l e c t i o n process was b u i l t upon the SRC n a t i o n a l sample

s t r a t i f i c a t i o n . The Census sample PSU's were f i r s t divided i n t o three parts:

(1) areas that are self-representing i n both the Census and the SRC samples;

(2) the remaining Census SMSA PSU's; and (3) the non-SMSA PSU's. To make

these di v i s i o n s i n accordance with the SRC national sample s t r u c t u r e required

a few s l i g h t changes i n PSU d e f i n i t i o n s because neither the Census sample nor

the SRC sample maintained an absolute separation of SMSA counties (or part

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councies) from non-SMSA counties. (Fortunately, both organizations used the

1960 SMSA d e f i n i t i o n s ) .

The areas i n part 1 were the 12 lar g e s t metropolitan areas forming

the self-representing PSU's i n the SRC n a t i o n a l sample. These 12 areas were

included w i t h c e r t a i n t y I n the reinterview sample.

The sampling of SMSA's i n part 2 proceeded i n several steps:

Step 1: A l l of the SMSA's i n the SRC s t r a t a w i t h two SMSA's per stratum were sel f - r e p r e s e n t i n g i n the Census 357-PSU sample. A l l such SMSA's were included w i t h c e r t a i n t y i n the reinterview sample.

Step 2: Among the 3-SMSA s t r a t a i n the SRC sample, a l l of the SRC sample SMSA's were c e r t a i n t y selections i n the Census 357-PSU sample. Therefore, the SRC sample PSU's wi t h t h e i r SRC sele c t i o n p r o b a b i l i t i e s were included i n the re i n t e r v i e w sample.

Step 3: The remaining Census sample SMSA's were ordered according to the SRC s t r a t i f i c a t i o n . Whenever a l l SMSA's i n an SRC stratum were present i n the Census sample, the SRC sele c t i o n from that stratum was included i n the re­in t e r v i e w sample w i t h the SRC selection p r o b a b i l i t y . I n other cases, the Census SMSA's were grouped and one or more SMSA's were selected w i t h equal p r o b a b i l i t y a t rates that varied from 1/3 to 1/6; the reinterview sample p r o b a b i l i t y f o r such PSU's then becomes the product of the Census p r o b a b i l i t y and the subsampling ra t e .

Because more than 80 percent of the 1966 non-SMSA interviews came from the South, i t was decided to r e s t r i c t the non-SMSA sample to the South. For subsampling the Census sample, i t was convenient to use the Census Bureau's 105-PSU sample which i s a 1 i n 4 subsample of the 357-PSU sample. The 23 non-SMSA PSU's i n the South and l n the 105 PSU sample were included i n the r e ­in t e r v i e w sample, t h e i r s e l e c t i o n p r o b a b i l i t i e s being the product of the 357-PSU p r o b a b i l i t y and the subsampling rate of 1/4.

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The f i n a l r einterview sample of about 2550 f a m i l i e s was d i s t r i b u t e d

as follows:

Part Number

of PSU's Percent D i s t r i b u t i o n of Families*

SRC self-representing areas 12 54

Other SMSA's I n SRC n a t i o n a l sample Not i n SRC na t i o n a l Bample

21 23

18 15

Non-SMSA's i n South Not i n SRC n a t i o n a l sample 23 13

Total 79 100

* Includes family heads under 60 years of age wi t h family incomes of less than two times the federal poverty d e f i n i t i o n .

A Word of Warning

While i t was our I n t e n t i o n that the (reinterview) sample be selected

as described, there i s evidence that the se l e c t i o n of fa m i l i e s sent to SRC

deviated i n some unknown manner from the sample design. An i n v e s t i g a t i o n i s

underway to determine i f there was bias i n the sample selection and to assess

the magnitude of th a t bias i f i t i s present. I n view of preliminary analysis

of the data which we have made, especially comparisons of weighted d i s t r i b u t i o n s

w i t h published d i s t r i b u t i o n s based on the Current Population Survey, we t h i n k

i t u n l i k e l y that any bias w i l l be found which w i l l seriously d i s t o r t the con­

clusions of most analyses l i k e l y to be undertaken w i t h these data.

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SECTION I I I

INTERVIEWING AND FIELD PROCEDURES

In t r o d u c t i o n

Section I I I documents the i n t e r v i e w i n g and f i e l d procedures used i n

the 1968 wave of the survey. Part I of t h i s section describes the interview­

i n g and how we t r y to keep track of respondents. Part I I i s the 1968

questionnaire. Then reprinted i s the I n s t r u c t i o n Book f o r 1968 excluding

i t s f i r s t section since that material i s already covered i n Section I of t h i s

manual. Following the interviewers' I n s t r u c t i o n Book Is reprinted a t y p i c a l

l e t t e r that announces to the p o t e n t i a l respondent that the interviewer w i l l

be coming to c a l l on the family. Only one such l e t t e r i s reprinted here;

there are others but they include only minor v a r i a t i o n s from t h i s one. The

f o u r cover sheets are reprinted next; there are two f o r each of the cross-

s e c t i o n and Census supplementary samples. Their use i s described i n the

s e c t i o n on interviewing. Not only were fam i l i e s interviewed, but demographic

information about the county i n which they resided was also secured. This

procedure Is documented i n the f i f t h part of t h i s section.

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Part 1.

Interviewing and Keeping Track of Respondents

Interviewing

The interviewing on the f i r s t wave of t h i s study was conducted, f o r

the most p a r t , between March and June, 1968. A l l of the interviewing was

done by interviewers who had been hired and t r a i n e d by the Survey Research

Center.^" Most of them had been on the s t a f f p r i o r to the beginning of t h i s

study, but the interviewing s t a f f also included a s u b s t a n t i a l f r a c t i o n of

interviewers who were h i r e d j u s t p r i o r to t h i s study. The need f o r new

interviewers arose i n part from the i n c l u s i o n of approximately 34 counties i n

the sample that were not part of the Survey Research Center's master sampling

frame. I n a d d i t i o n , whenever possible black respondents were interviewed by

black interviewers. The preponderance of black respondents i n the supple­

mentary Census Sample was an a d d i t i o n a l reason f o r h i r i n g . Most of these

black sample members were located i n the c e n t r a l c i t i e s of large SMSA's and

i n the South.

Because of the procedural and conceptual complexities of t h i s study

as w e l l as the a d d i t i o n of a large number of new interviewers to the s t a f f ,

regional meetings were held throughout the country w i t h the interviewers who

were working on t h i s study, whether newly hir e d or not. At these meetings the

study s t a f f discussed w i t h the interviewers the purpose of the study and the

For the methods used see Survey Research Center, Manual f o r Interviewers, (Ann Arbor: I n s t i t u t e f o r Social Research, 1969), especially Sections 3-7.

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reasons f o r and the implications of a l o n g i t u d i n a l design, as w e l l as the

conceptual bases f o r some of the questions. I n addi t i o n , an I n s t r u c t i o n Book

which o u t l i n e d i n d e t a i l the procedures to be followed and the objective f o r

each question was sent to each interviewer f o r study. Furthermore, before

doing any production interviewing each interviewer was required to take a

p r a c t i c e interview, which was c a r e f u l l y gone over by her supervisor.

Interviewers u t i l i z e d f o r the cross-section sample a dwelling-unit

sample of addresses drawn from the Survey Research Center's master sampling

frame. For the supplementary sample of fa m i l i e s with low incomes who had

previously been interviewed once or twice by the Census Bureau a l i s t of names

and addresses was used. The geographic spread of the Survey Research Center's

cross-section sample and the supplementary sample were not the same. I n the

m a j o r i t y of the SMSA's both samples appeared, but most of the time i n d i f f e r e n t

areas of the c i t y . And, of course, i n the 34 areas added to the sample from

the Census supplement there were no cross-section addresses. Some of these

areas (counties) were adjacent to Survey Research Center sampling areas, and

interviewers i n the nearby area did the interviewing of the supplementary sample.

The procedures followed by the interviewers were the same for the two

samples. A l l respondents were sent a standard l e t t e r , varied somewhat accord­

i n g to the circumstances, n o t i f y i n g them that they *ould be interviewed. Both

samples were administered the same questionnaire. Interviewers were instructed

t o interview the head of the family and to substitute another respondent only

i n the event that the head would be unavailable f o r the duration of the i n t e r ­

viewing period. Hence, s u b s t i t u t i o n of another respondent was made only i f we

otherwise would lose the interview. About 93 percent of the interviews were

taken with the head of the family.

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Interviews were also taken i n both samples w i t h s u b f a m i l i e s — s u b u n i t s

w i t h i n the family where some member (1) earned more than $2000 i n 19,67, and

(2) did not share income and expenses w i t h the rest of the family, and (3) was

reported l i k e l y t o move away from the family i n the next few years.

Verbal A b i l i t y Questions

There was one difference i n the questions asked of the cross-section

and supplementary samples. One-fourth of the Census Sample was asked an

a d d i t i o n a l question consisting of a l i s t of words that were to be matched

w i t h four p i c t u r e s . The l i s t of fourteen words varied from nouns such as

'•'fence," which was easy to match w i t h an object i n a p i c t u r e , t o adjectives

such as " r e s p e c t f u l , " which required that the respondent generalize from the

scene i n the pi c t u r e . The purpose of t h i s t e s t was to separate the lowest

extreme on t h i s crude measure of verbal a b i l i t y from the rest of the sample,

t e s t i n g the hypothesis that differences i n verbal a b i l i t y are a p r e d i c t o r of

economic status. This word t e s t i s re p r i n t e d on page 4 of the two supplementary

sample's cover sheets.

Cover Sheet Procedures

P r i o r to a survey the Survey Research Center commonly has each i n t e r ­

viewer make a l i s t of the sample dwellings i n designated areas, and from t h i s

l i s t a s e l e c t i o n of dwellings f o r a p a r t i c u l a r survey i s made. Each selected

dwelling i s then l i s t e d on i t s own "cover sheet," i n c l u d i n g a segment designa­

t i o n , l i n e number, address, c i t y , and s t a t e . The form used on t h i s study f o r

t h i s purpose, "Cover Sheet f o r Primary Families—Cross Section Address," Is

reprinted i n t h i s section. On t h i s study a l l the f a m i l i e s l i v i n g w i t h i n each

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selected dwelling were designated to be interviewed. I f two unrelated i n ­

d i v i d u a l s were l i v i n g together, both were interviewed and considered as separate

f a m i l i e s . Ho family l i v i n g outside the dwelling u n i t was interviewed. One

f a m i l y was designated as the primary family while the other was designated a

r e l a t e d or unrelated secondary. A cover sheet was made out f o r the l a t t e r

f a m i l i e s , called "Cover Sheet for Unrelated Secondaries," which i s also r e ­

p r i n t e d . The Survey Research Center o f f i c e s t a f f compiles a l i s t of the

dwellings selected f o r a p a r t i c u l a r survey, and information from the cover

sheet about what the interviewer finds at each address and about interviews or

non-interviews at that address i s checked against that l i s t . The cover sheet,

thus, serves as a con t r o l f o r both the interviewer and the o f f i c e s t a f f .

For the supplementary Census sample t h i s same cover sheet c o n t r o l

procedure was used. But instead of the interviewer transcribing the dwelling-

u n i t address onto the cover sheet, the name and address of the family to be

interviewed was l i s t e d by the o f f i c e on each cover sheet. This form, "Cover

Sheet f o r Reinterview Sample—Family at Address Last Year," i s also reprinted

i n t h i s section. Also included on t h i s form was the age, sex, and race of the

head of the family and the number of people i n the family at the time of the

1967 interview. Since t h i s sample was one of families, and not dwellings, no

interviews were taken w i t h any other family l i v i n g at: the same dwelling as the

sample family unless, of course, they,- too, were already i n the sample. I f a

f a m i l y moved between 1967 and 1968, they were interviewed at t h e i r 1968 address

unless the address would involve excessive t r a v e l i n g by the interviewers, i n

which case i t became a non-interview. The Survey Research Center maintains a

n a t i o n a l f i e l d s t a f f and i t was often possible to reinterview people who had

moved a long distance without excessive t r a v e l by an interviewer.

-34-

Since changes i n family composition could occur between 1967, when

the f a m i l i e s were interviewed by the Census Bureau and 1968, another cover

sheet was made f o r the adult members of the 1967 family who had moved away

from the nuclear family. This was c a l l e d "Cover Sheet f o r Reinterview

Sample—For Moved Adult Family Member," and i s also r e p r i n t e d here. Follow­

i n g adult family members who had moved from the o r i g i n a l nuclear family

between 1967 and 1968 was unique to the supplementary sample. Family

members who had moved between 1967 and 1968 were followed because a l l i n ­

div i d u a l s l i v i n g i n the family a t the time of the 1967 interview rather than

1968 were considered members of the supplementary sample. Subfamilies were

also interviewed i n t h i s sample, and the same cover sheet was used f o r them.

Follow-up Information Secured

I t was our i n t e n t i o n to reinterview i n 1969 a l l f a m i l i e s interviewed

i n 1968. Therefore, the head of each household was asked f o r his name,

address and telephone number and also f o r the name and address of a r e l a t i v e

or f r i e n d who would know where to f i n d him i f he moved. I t was especially

important t h a t the Interviewer get a correct name and mailing address f o r the

Census supplement part of the sample since each of these respondents was sent

a check f o r $5 from the University of Michigan f o r the interview. No cross-

section respondent was paid on the f i r s t wave of the study, but a l l cross-section

respondents are going to be paid i n subsequent waves. At the end of the i n t e r ­

view each supplementary sample respondent was given a preaddressed green

postcard which he was to return to us i f and when he moved or i n January of 1969,

t h a t i s , one month before the commencement of the second wave of the survey.

This postcard enabled us to keep the addresses of these respondents up-to-date.

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For keeping i n touch with us each supplementary sample respondent was paid

another $5. I f the respondent sent a postcard to us before January, 1969

i n d i c a t i n g an address change, he was sent another postcard requesting that i t

be sent to us when he moved again or i n January, 1969. No matter how many

postcards were sent to and received from the respondent, only $5 was paid

each respondent f o r keeping i n touch. In January the memory of those from

whom we had not heard was prodded by sending them a reminder l e t t e r and a

dup l i c a t e postcard i n case they l o s t the f i r s t one. Of the 1,872 Census sample

respondents 1,400 returned e i t h e r the o r i g i n a l postcard l e f t w i t h them at the

i n t e r v i e w or the reminder postcard. Since t h i s procedure proved so successful,

w i t h three out of four respondents r e t u r n i n g postcards w i t h t h e i r current

address, i t was decided to continue the procedure i n subsequent waves of the

survey f o r both the cross-section and supplementary parts of the sample.

The Report to Respondents

A f t e r most of the data from the 1968 survey were put i n t o a format

making t a b u l a t i o n possible, a five-page nontechnical summary of some of the

more i n t e r e s t i n g r e s u l t s was sent to each respondent f o r whom we had a name

and mailing address ( p r a c t i c a l l y a l l of the respondents). The reports were

sent t h i r d class w i t h an address co r r e c t i o n request. The U. S. Post Office's

response to t h i s request was slow and haphazard. Because of t h i s experience,

the reports to respondents i n f u t u r e years w i l l be sent f i r s t class rather

than t h i r d class, but we w i l l s t i l l ask f o r an address correction. Each year

the e n t i r e process of t r y i n g to keep track of these people and t h e i r new ad­

dresses w i l l be repeated.

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Part 2

1968 Questionnaire

The questionnaire r e p r i n t e d here was used only i n the 1968 wave of

the survey. The 1969 questionnaire, however, i s very s i m i l a r to the one

re p r i n t e d here. The majority of changes were Improvements In the questions

rather than a d d i t i o n a l questions or objectives.

The questionnaire i s organized by topics as follows:

Section A: Housing (pages 1-3)

Family composition; Education of children (pages 4-5)

Car ownership; Car behavior (pages 5-7)

Debt; Health insurance; Assets (pages 7-8)

Section B:

Section C:

Section D:

Section E: Consumption—Food, c l o t h i n g , c i g a r e t t e s , alcohol (pages 8-9)

Section F-H: Occupation and employment of head (pages 10-17)

Section I : M a r i t a l status, education of w i f e , occupation and employment of w i f e , family planning (pages 18-19)

Section J: Family income, occupation of others i n fam i l y , other income and f i n a n c i a l information (pages 20-25)

Section K: Time use (pages 26-27)

Section L: "Feelings" questions (pages 28-29)

Section M: Background questions f o r head (page 30)

Section N: Interviewer's observation section i n c l u d i n g who was respondent, impressions of respondent and dwelling u n i t , and l o c a t i o n and type of dwelling r e l a t i v e to an SMSA (pages 31-32)

Each interviewer uses the la s t page of the questionnaire to w r i t e a

b r i e f sketch of the family including information that might not have been

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included i n the r e p l i e s to the questions, especially events that may have

been important determinants of the respondent's economic status, the condition

o f the dwelling, and her impressions of the respondent's neighborhood.

Variable numbers are indicated i n the margin to assist users of the

data i n lo c a t i n g answers to i n d i v i d u a l questions i n the code.

(INTERVIEW NUMBER)

-38-STUDY OF FAMILY ECONOMICS

Project 768 BB # 116-R0135

Approv. Exp. 2-69

SE SURVEY RESEARCH CENTER

I N S T I T U T E F O R S O C I A L R E S E A R C H

THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN (Do not write in above spaces.)

1. Interviewer's Label

2. P.S.U.. v. <?a 3. Your Interview No.

4. Date v. <?? 5. Length of Interview. V. ioo

V. i o /

Al. Are you the head of t h i s household? • YES • NO - (ASK FOR HEAD)

A2. When d i d you move i n t o t h i s (house/aparcment)? (DATE, OR YEARS AGO)

A3. How many rooms do you have here for your family (not counting bathrooms)? V t C> 3—

A4. Do you own t h i s (home/apartment), pay rent, or what? V. / O 3 OWNS OR • PAYS RENT - • NEITHER OWNS NOR RENTS -IS BUYING

(IF OWNS OR IS BUYING)

(TURN TO A l l ) (TURN TO A14)

A5. How much did a l l your u t i l i t i e s l i k e heat and e l e c t r i c i t y cost you l a s t year -- was i t less than $100, $100-200, $200-300, $300-400, or more than $400?

QLESS THAN $100 Q $100-200 •$200-300 • $300-400 •MORE THAN $400

A6. Could you t e l l me what the present value of t h i s house (farm) i s what would i t bring i f you sold i t today?

5

-- I mean about

A7 . Do you have a mortgage on thi s property? [•YES QNO - (TURN TO PAGE 3, A19)

1st Mortgage 2nd Mortgage \

A8. How much are your monthly payments? $ $ A9. About how much i s the remaining

p r i n c i p a l on thi s mortgage? $ $ (IF A9a, About how many more DON'T payments do you have KNOW) l e f t to make? $ $

A10 . Do you also have a second mortgage? • YES - (ASK A8-A9, FOR Q NO - TURN TO PAGE 3, A19)

SECOND MORTGAGE) (TURN TO A19)

Copyright (c) 1968 THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN A l l Rights Reserved

-39-

(IF PAYS RENT) A l l . About how much rent do you pay a month? $

A12. Do you pay for any of the u t i l i t i e s yourself?

[j]YES • NO - (TURN TO A19)

A13. ( I F YES) How much d i d they cost you altogether last year --was i t less than $100, $100-200, $200-300, $300-400, or more than $400?

• LESS THAN $100 • $100-200 • $200-300

• $300-400 •MORE THAN $400

(TURN TO A19)

(IF NEITHER OWNS NOR RENTS) (IF NEITHER A14. How is that? V. 1 O b" OWNS NOR RENTS) A15. Do you do some work i n re t u r n for your housing? (What?)

V. 1

A16. How much would i t rent f o r i f i t were rented? $ per (MONTH, YEAR)

A17. Do you pay for

[jj¥ES

any of the u t i l i t i e s yourself?

• NO - (TURN TO A19)

A18. (IF YES) How much did they cost you altogether last year -- was i t less than $100, $100-200, $200-300, $300-400, or more than $400?

• LESS THAN $100 •$100-200 • $200-300

• $300-400 •MORE THAN $400

(TURN TO A19)

-AO-

CASK EVERYONE) A19. Did you have any work done on the (house/apartment) during the l a s t year,

or do any work on i t yourselves?

• YES

1 (IF YES)

• NO (GO TO A28)

A20. What was done?

A21. Did you (or your family) do any of i t ?

YES QNO (GO TO A25)

( I F YES)

A22. What did you do?

A23. Did you save more than $50 by doing i t yourself?

• YES r •.NO (GO TO. A25)

A24. (IF YES) About how much money do you think you saved by doing i t yourself?

$

A25. Do you s t i l l owe anything on i t ?

• YES QNO (GO T0.A28)

v' to cf

V. no

A26. (IF YES) Is what you owe for i t included i n your mortgage payments you t o l d me about?

• YES (GO TO A28)

NO

A27. How much are your monthly payments?

$ per

A28. Do you think you might move i n the next couple of years?

• NO - (TURN TO Bl)

(IF MIGHT MOVE OR WILL MOVE)

A29. Why might you move?

-40-

SECTION 6

B l . How many people l i v e here altogether?

(LIST ALL PERSONS, INCLUDING CHILDREN, LIVING IN THE DU,

(ASK B3 FOR THOSE AGED 5-25 (EXCEPT (ASK B4 IF ANSWER

TO B3 IS "NO") B2. How old are they and

how are they relat e d t o you? Age Sex

B3. Is (he/she) i n school?

B4. How many years of school did (he/she) finish?

1. HEAD OF DWELLING UNIT

2. RYES HNO -

3. D Y E S Q N O -

4. FlYES PINO -

5. \ [ YES FlNO -

6. flYES f l N O - — -

7. ( 1 YES [~|N0 "

8. I | YES FlNO -

9. I |YES FlNO -

10. 1 |YES r~lN0 "

B5. Anyone else? (LIST ABOVE)

B6. Do you (HEAD) have any children under 25 who don't l i v e here with you? V t 3 - 3 -

• YES D N O - (GO TO B l l )

B7. Are they sons or daughters?

B8. How old is (he/ she)?

B9. I s (he/she) i n school, working, i n the army, or what? V-l 3 3

BIO. (IF NOT IN SCHOOL) How many years o f school did (he/she) finish? V lA^-V (27

1. 2. 3.

B l l . Has anyone moved i n t o your household i n the l a s t year?

! [YES Q N O - (GO TO B I 3 )

B12. ( I F YES) Who moved in? (CIRCLE L I S T I N G NUMBERS OF MOVERS ABOVE)

B13. Has anyone moved out i n the l a s t year? • YES »-B14. Who moved out?

(ENTER AGE AND

• NO - (TURN TO B15) RELATION TO HEAD)

V.i i s

V- '30

RELATION TO HEAD AGE

-41-

.15. INTERVIEWER: SEE B3 AND B9, AND CHECK ONE:

• CHILDREN IN SCHOOL • NO CHILDREN IN SCHOOL - (GO TO B20)

B16. Have you (or your wife) ever attended any meetings of a parent-teacher's organization? \/. \Sjo

[ J ] YES • NO - (GO TO B18)

B17. (IF YES) When was the l a s t time?

BIS. How much education do you think your children w i l l have when they stop going to school? V*. (3~7

(IF UNCERTAIN OR EXPRESSES HOPES ONLY)

B19. What do you r e a l l y think w i l l happen?

(GO TO B21)

B20. (ASK ONLY IF NOT CLEAR) Have you (HEAD) ever had any children? • YES • NO (GO TO Cl)

B21. When was your (HEAD'S) f i r s t c h i l d born? (YEAR OR AGE)

SECTION C: CARS

(ASK EVERYONE) Cl. Altogetherj how many people are there i n your family here who can drive?

__ _____ n none <go T°c3) C2. Do you or anyone else i n the family here own a car?

• YES • NO (TURN TO C6) T

V 1 ^ 0

C3. Does not having a car cause you (FAMILY) any d i f f i c u l t i e s ? ~ ] YES • NO (GO TO C5)

C4. What are they? V ( V /

C5. Is there public transportation w i t h i n walking distance of here that i s adequate for you? V t^j 3-

• NO (TURN TO PAGE 7, Dl)

-42-C6. How many cars do you and your family l i v i n g here own? (ASK FOR EACH CAR OWNED) CAR #1 CAR #2

C7. What year model i s i t ?

C8. What make of car is i t ?

C9. Is i t i n good, f a i r , or poor condition?

CIO. Do you owe any money on i t ?

( I F NO MONEY OWED ON CAR)

C l l . I s that car insured?

C12. (IF YES) How much do you pay for your car insurance?

• YES (GO TO C13)

• NO

• YES Q N O -(GO TO A)

per

• YES (GO TO C13)

• NO

Q Y E S Q N O -(GO TO A)

per

CAR #3

V 147 ViU • YES (GO TO

C13) • NO

I YES Q U O -(GO TO A)

per

A GO TO C7 FOR NEXT CAR, OR TO C17. (IF MONEY OWED ON CAR)

C13. How much are your payments? $ $ $

C13. How much are your payments?

per per per

C13. How much are your payments?

C14. How many payments do you have l e f t ? V. 1 SO

C15. Do they include V. I H ^ insurance?

C16. ( I F NO) How much i s the insurance cost per year?

C14. How many payments do you have l e f t ? V. 1 SO

C15. Do they include V. I H ^ insurance?

C16. ( I F NO) How much i s the insurance cost per year?

C14. How many payments do you have l e f t ? V. 1 SO

C15. Do they include V. I H ^ insurance?

C16. ( I F NO) How much i s the insurance cost per year?

• YES -(GO TO B)

• NO

$

• YES -(GO TO B)

• NO

$

• YES -(GO TO B)

• NO

$ D _P GO TO C7 FOR NEXT CAR, OR TO C17.

C17. Does the car you (HEAD) dr i v e most of the time have seat belts? 1/ 2^ • YES F)NO (TURN TO C19) •DOES NOT DRIVE (TURN TO C19)

C18. ( I F YES) Do you have them fastened a l l the time while you are d r i v i n g , part of the time, or p r a c t i c a l l y none of the time?

• ALL THE TIME •PART OF THE TIME • PRACTICALLY NONE OF THE TIME

-43-

C19. Do you (or your family) do any of your own repair work on your car(s)?

~YES (GO TO Dl)

(IF YES)

C20. What kinds of things have you done on your car(s) i n the l a s t year?

C21. I n the l a s t year do you th i n k you saved more than $50 th a t way?

HjjYES D N O (GO TO Dl)

C22. (IF YES) About how much do you th i n k you saved? $

C23. About how much time did that take you altogether? (HOURS)

SECTION D

Dl. We have talked about homes and cars. Do you (FAMILY) make any regular payments f o r other things you have bought?

YES • NO (GO TO D3)

)2. (IF YES) About how much do you have to pay each month? $_

D3. Are you (HEAD) covered by some h o s p i t a l or medical insurance l i k e Blue Cross? V O fir

• YES • N O

D4. (ASK ONLY I F 2 OR MORE PEOPLE I N FAMILY)

Does t h i s insurance cover the e n t i r e family?

• YES • N O

(TURN TO D6) V.I SB

D5. Can you get free medical care i n any way such as from medicare, medicaid, or as a veteran?

V >5&

-44-D6. Do you (FAMILY) have any savings, such as checking or savings accounts, or V I ^

government bonds?

CHYES D N O

D7. (IF YES) Would they vMU© amount to as much as two months' income or more?

• YES - • NO " D8. Was there a time i n the last f i v e years when (GO TO El) you had as much as two months' income saved

up?

SECTION E

(ASK EVERYONE)

El. Now I have a few questions about food and cl o t h i n g . About how many times a week do you (FAMILY) eat out at restaurants or drive-ins? y ,̂ 2-

E2. About how much do you (FAMILY) spend i n a week eating out, including lunches at work (or at school)?

$ _

E3. Do you have any of your milk delivered to the door? V (

• YES Q N O - (GO TO E5)

E4. About how much do you (FAMILY) spend on that milk i n a week or month? V.

$ - per

E5. About how much do you spend a week on a l l the (other) food you use at home? ^ l

E6. How about alcoholic beverages how much do you (FAMILY) spend on that i n an ^ average week?

$ • NONE - (TURN TO E8)

E7. Is that included i n the food b i l l ? V f t>9̂

• YES Q N O

-45-

E8 . Do any of you smoke?

• YES • NO (GO TO E l l )

1

E9. (IF YES) About how many cigarettes do you (FAMILY) smoke i n a day or week?

per (CIGARETTES, PACKS, OR CARTONS) (DAY, WEEK)

E10 Is that included i n the food b i l l ? Q YES

Are there any special ways that you t r y to keep the food b i l l down?

• YES • NO (GO TO E14)

E12. (IF YES) What special ways do you have for keeping the food b i l l down? \ / I 7 I

E13. Anything else? V\1 2-

E14. (ASK IF 2 OR MORE PEOPLE IN FAMILY) How much of the time does the family s i t V l 7 r down and eat the main meal of the day together?

E15. Do you have any special ways of saving on c l o t h i n g costs? V' ^ V ' T — V I 7 7

• YES • NO (TURN TO F l )

1

E16. (IF YES) What are they?

E17. Did you (FAMILY) save more than $50 on your c l o t h i n g b i l l t h i s way l a s t year?

• YES • NO (TURN TO F l )

I E18. (IF YES) About how much did you save t h i s way

i n the l a s t year? $

-46-

SECTION F

(ASK EVERYONE) F l . Now we would l i k e ' to know about your present job, are you working now, unemployed,

r e t i r e d or what? \f . j <j*£,

WORKING NOW OR LAID OFF

ONLY TEMPORARILY,

UNEMPLOYED (TURN TO Gl PAGE 14)

RETIRED, HOUSEWIFE, OR STUDENT

(TURN TO HI, PAGE 17)

OTHER

(GO TO F2 IF HAS JOB, TURN TO HI OTHERWISE)

(IF WORKING) F2, What i s your main occupation? (What sort of work do you do?) V

( I F NOT F3. T e l l me a l i t t l e more about what you do? CLEAR)

F4. Do you work f o r someone else, yourself, or what? \J \^ 2>

• SOMEONE ELSE • BOTH SOMEONE ELSE AND SELF • SELF ONLY (TURN TO FU)

F5. How important i s i t f o r you to make your own decisions on a job? v .^1

F6. How long have you been working for your present employer? V. iXcrc?

(IF 10 YEARS OR MORE TURN TO F l l )

( I F LESS THAN 10 YEARS)

F7. What happened to the job you had before did the company f o l d , were you l a i d o f f , or what? U £20

F8. Would you say your present job i s a be t t e r job than the one you had before?

v__3* (IF NOT F9. Does i t pay more than the previous job? CLEAR)

F10 . How many d i f f e r e n t employers have you had i n the l a s t ten years?

-47-

F l l . Have you ever moved out of a community where you were l i v i n g i n order to take y 0 Y a j ob s omewher e e1s e ? -

• YES (GO TO F13)

• NO- F12. Have you ever turned, down a job because you did not want to move?

• YES • NO V- c7oS~

F13 . How good would a job have to be before you would be w i l l i n g to move somewhere Vc3.t>>7 else i n order to get i t ?

F14. Do you plan to t r y f o r a new job or l i n e of work or w i l l you keep the job you have now? Ve?6_J"* • TRY FOR NEW JOB, Q KEEP JOB.'HAVE NOW ( GO TO F20) j OR LINE OF WORK

F15. What kind of iob do you have i n mind?

F16. How much might you earn? S per

F17. Would you have to get a d d i t i o n a l t r a i n i n g to qualify?

F18. Have you been doing anything i n p a r t i c u l a r about i t ?

• YES • NO (GO TO F20)

v a. I T -

F19. (IF YES) What have you done?

F20. How much do you l i k e a job where you are t o l d exactly what to do?

- 4 8 -

F 2 1 . Would you have any trouble g e t t i n g another job i f you wanted one? V Q i T

[~] YES • NO (GO TO F23)

F22. ( I F YES) Why i s that? V ^ ) 4-

F23. Have you ever had an i l l n e s s or accident that l a i d you up for a month or more? V i l f *

[H YES • NO (GO TO F25)

F24. ( I F YES) When was that? (YEAR)

F25. Do you have a physical or nervous condition that l i m i t s the type of work or the VJitf* amount of work you can do?

[j] YES • NO (GO TO F27)

F26. ( I F YES) How much does i t l i m i t your work?

F27 . Are there times when you are l a t e g e t t i n g to work? V 3-1 ~7

• YES n N 0 0 0 TO F 2 9 )

F28. ( I F YES) About how often does t h a t happen? . V 8 Q

F29. Are there times when you don't go to work at a l l , even though you are not sick?

• YES • NO (GO TO F 3 1 )

F30. ( I F YES) How often does that happen? V_U V

F 3 1 . Have you ever been out of a job or on s t r i k e for two months or more at one time?

YES • NO (GO TO F33)

F32. ( I F YES) When was the l a s t time that happened? (YEAR)

F33. I n the l a s t year, how many days were you unemployed, l a i d o f f , or without work?

_ _ - o

.F34. How many days of work did you miss on your main job i n the l a s t year because you were sick or otherwise unable to work?

y _ _ _ i

-49-

F35. And how many weeks of vacation did you take l a s t year?

F36. Then how many weeks did you a c t u a l l y work on your main job i n 1967?

F37. Did you have a standard workweek on your main job?

YES • NO

F38. How many hours a week i s that?

F39. Did you have any overtime or extra work on your main job?

YES IZ]NO (GO TO F42)

F40. HOW many hours did that amount to l a s t year?

(GO TO F42).

F41. On the average, how many hours a week did you work on your main job l a s t year?

(GO TO F42)

F42. Did you have any other jobs, or any other ways of making money i n addition to your main job? y

YES • NO (TURN TO F47)

(IF YES)

F43. What did you do?

F44. Anything else? \/Q-2-7

F45. About how many hours i n a l l did that amount to i n the l a s t year?

F46. About how much did you make per hour f o r this? $ (PER HOUR)

-50-

F47. Could you have worked more i f you had wanted to i n 1967? 5.3 D

Q YES (GO TO F49) [H NO

F48. Would you have l i k e d to work more? VS3l

• YES (TURN TO PAGE 18, I I )

• NO (GO TO F49)

1

F49. Could you have worked less i f you had wanted to? V 9.33,

• YES (TURN TO rs NO PAGE 18, 11) T F50. Would you have preferred less work even

i f you had earned less money? y £13_>

• YES • NO

(TURN TO PAGE 18, I I )

SECTION G: IF UNEMPLOYED

Gl. What do you do when you work? (What i s your occupation?)

G2. Did you work at a l l l a s t year?

Q YES • NO (TURN TO G5)

(IF YES)

G3. How many weeks did you work l a s t year?

G4. About how many hours a week did you work (when you worked)? V 3. S- -1

-51-

G5. Did the company you worked f o r f o l d , were you l a i d o f f , or what?

G6. How many d i f f e r e n t employers have you had i n the la s t ten years?

G7. Have you ever moved out of a community where you were l i v i n g i n order to take a job somewhere else?

• YES (GO TO G9) NO

(IF NO)

G8. Have you ever turned down a job because you did not want to move?

• YES • NO

G9. Do you think y o u - w i l l be able to f i n d steady work around here, or w i l l you have to move? ^ *2 .64

G10. How good would a job have to be, fo r you to be w i l l i n g to move somewhere else i n order to get i t ?

G i l . I s there anything i n p a r t i c u l a r that might make i t d i f f i c u l t f o r you to get another job? V£/Y • YES - • NO (GO TO G13)

G12. (IF YES) What i s that?

G13. How many places do you have your name i n f o r a job?

G14. Have you applied f o r a job anywhere i n the l a s t 2 weeks?

• YES • NO (GO TO G16)

V33 ,

V23L

G15. (IF YES) How many places did you apply?

G16. How much do you l i k e a job where you are t o l d exactly what to do?

-52-

G17. Have you ever had an i l l n e s s or accident that l a i d you up for a month or more? V A I I T

[j] YES • NO (GO TO G19)

G18. (IF YES) When was that? V^f-(-YEAR)

G19. Do you have a physical or nervous condition that l i m i t s the type of work, or the amount of work you can do? V S 1 (o

[j] YES • NO (GO TO G21)

G20. (IF YES) How much does i t l i m i t your work? V SU -»

G21, When you were working, were there times when you were late g e t t i n g to work? V 9-^

• YES • NO (GO TO G23)

G22. (IF YES) About how often did that happen?

G23. Were there times when you didn't get to work at a l l , even though you were not sick? V 0 I ST

Q YES • NO (GO TO G25)

G24. (IF YES) How often did that happen? V 3-1 ̂

G25. Have you ever been out of a job, or on s t r i k e f o r two months or more at one time? V &l 9

• YES • NO (GO TO G27) G26. (IF YES) When was the l a s t time that happened? y* <2- * H

(YEAR) V 5L;3n

G27. Are there jobs available around here that j u s t aren't worth taking?

(IF JOBS NOT - y 3.3^ WORTH TAKING) G28. How much do they pay? $ per

(HOUR, WEEK)

G29. How important i s i t f o r you to make your own decisions on a job? y j ^ i j

-53-

SECTION H: IF RETIRED, HOUSEWIFE, OR STUDENT

Hi. During the l a s t year (1967) did you do any work for money?

• YES • NO (GO TO H5)

\ (IF YES)

H2. What kind of work did you do when you worked? (What was your occupa tion?)

vi < n

H3. How many weeks did you work l a s t year?

H4. About how many hours a week did you work (when you worked)?

(GO TO H l l )

Are you thinking about going to work? V 3 3 5"" • YES • NO (GO. TO HU)

I (IF YES)

H6. How many places do you have your name i n for a iob?

H7. Have you applied f o r a job anywhere i n the l a s t two weeks?

YES • NO (GO TO H9)

C

H8. (T.F YES) How many places did you apply?

H9 . Are there jobs around here that j u s t aren't worth taking?

(IF JOBS NOT WORTH TAKING) HlO. How much do they pay? $ per

(HOUR, WEEK)

H l l . Do you have a physical condition, or nervous condition that l i m i t s the type of work or the amount of work you can do?

YES • NO (TURN TO I 1)

H12. (IF YES) How much does i t l i m i t your work? (TURN TO I 1)

-54-

SECTION I

(ASK EVERYONE) I 1. Are you married, s i n g l e , widowed, divorced > or separa ted?

• MARRIED

• SINGLE- I 2. Have you ever been married? • YES • NO (GO TO I 6)

I 3. When were you f i r s t married? (SPECIFY DATE OR AGE)

GO TO I 6

• WIDOWED \ • DIVORCED V • SEPARATED J

I 4, For how long? v an» (YEARS)

I 5. When were you f i r s t married? (SPECIFY DATE OR AGE)

GO TO I 6

I 6. INTERVIEWER: CHECK BOX

~ ] CHILDREN UNDER 12 AND HEAD WORKS

P] NO CHILDREN UNDER 12 OR HEAD IS NOT WORKING (TURN TO PAGE 20, J l )

I 7. How were the chi l d r e n taken care of while you were working? V^^""

I 8. About how much did that cost you l a s t year? $ (TURN TO PAGE 20, J l )

(IF MARRIED) I 9. Did your wife do any work f o r money l a s t year?

• YES • NO (TURN TO I 16) vaS 5

I 10. What kind of work did she do? VSW3

I L l . About how many weeks did she work l a s t year?

I 12. And about how many hours a week did she work?

I 13. INTERVIEWER: CHECKBOX CHILDREN UNDER 12 • NO CHILDREN UNDER 12 (TURN TO I 16)

I 14. How were your c h i l d r e n taken care of while your wife was working?

I 15. About how much did that cost you l a s t year? $

-55-

(IF MARRIED -- CONTINUED)

I 16. How many grades of school did your wife finish?^

I 17. Did she have any other schooling?

[jl YES • NO (GO TO I 21)

I 18. What other schooling did she have?

(IF COLLEGE) I 19. Does she have a college degree?

YES • NO (GO TO I 21)

I 20. What degree(s) did she receive?

I 21. Is t h i s your (HEAD'S) f i r s t marriage?

["I YES f l NO

v a V7

I 22. When were you married?

(SPECIFY WHETHER YEAR OR AGE)

I 23. When were you (HEAD) married for the f i r s t time? y 2^fO

(SPECIFY WHETHER YEAR OR AGE)

I 24. (INTERVIEWER: SEE PAGE 4, Q. B2, (LISTING BOX) AND CHECK ONE)

Q WIFE UNDER 45 Q WIFE 45 OR OLDER (TURN TO J l )

I 25. Do you expect to have any more children? YES

I 26. When do you think you might have another child?

y ^ y

(TURN TO J l )

NO

I 27. How sure are you that you won't have any (more) children?

\/9MS

(TURN TO J i l l

SECTION J: INCOME

(ASK EVERYONE) To get an accurate f i n a n c i a l picture of people a l l over the country, we need to know the income of a l l the fam i l i e s that we interview.

J l . (INTERVIEWER: CHECK BOX) ~ ] FARMER • NOT A FARMER (GO TO J5)

J2. What were your t o t a l receipts from farming i n 1967, including s o i l bank payments and commodity c r e d i t loans? $

V aw A

J3. What were your t o t a l operating expenses, not counting l i v i n g expenses? $ B

J4. That l e f t you a net income from farming of? A - B = $ A-B

J5. Did you (R and Family) own a business at any time i n L967, or have a f i n a n c i a l i n t e r e s t i n any business enterprise? Y3.5" O

YES • NO (GO TO J8)

J6. Is i t a corporation or an unincorporated business, or do you have an i n both kinds?

• CORPORATION (GO TO J8)

— • UNINCORPORATED — • BOTH — • DON'T KNOW.

J7. How much was your (family's) share of the t o t a l income from the business i n 1967 that i s , the amount you took out plus any p r o f i t l e f t in?

in t e r e s t

(ASK EVERYONE) J8. How much did you (HEAD) receive from wages and salaries i n 1967,

that i s , before anything was deducted f o r taxes or other things? $

J9. I n a d d i t i o n to t h i s , did you have any income from bonuses, overtime, or commissions?

YES • NO (TURN TO J l l ) V 3D a

JlO. How much was that? 5.

-57-

J l l . Did you (HEAD) receive any other income i n 1967 from:

a) professional practice or trade?

(IF "YES" TO ANY ITEM, ASK "How much was i t ? " ENTER AMOUNT AT RIGHT)

(IF "NO" ENTER "0")

b) farming or market gardening, roomers or boarders?

c) dividends, i n t e r e s t , r e n t , t r u s t funds, or r o y a l t i e s ?

d) ADC, ADCU ?

e) other welfare?

f ) Social Security?

g) other retirement pay, pensions, or annuities?

h) unemployment, or workmen's compensation?

i ) alimony?

j ) help from relatives?

k) anything else?

v a t>-3

$

$

$ \f £--"5"

$

$ v asn

$

$ V5S- ?

$

$ v <at>t

$

$ (specify)

J12. (INTERVIEWER: CHECK ONE)

PI HEAD AND WIFE • SINGLE MAN OR WOMAN (TURN TO J16)

J13. Did your wife have any income during 1967?

• YES • NO (TURN TO J16)

\ JL4 (IF YES) Was i t income

Any other income? from wages, salary, a business or what?

(SOURCE) (SOURCE)

J15 How much was i t before deductions? $ + $ = $ v a . y

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J16. INTERVIEWER: SEE PAGE 4, B2, (LISTING BOX) FOR ANYONE (OTHER THAN HEAD AND WIFE) AGED 14 AND OLDER, AND CHECK BOX • NO ONE 14 OR OLDER EXCEPT HEAD AND/OR WIFE - (TURN TO J28)

[^j OTHER FAMILY MEMBERS 14 AND OLDER 1 LIST ALL OTHER FU MEMBERS 14 AND OLDER BY RELATION TO HEAD AND AGE -

J17. Did (MENTION MEMBER) have any income during 1967? • YES • NO (GO TO A)

(IF HAD INCOME)

J18. Was that from wages, a pension, a business, i n t e r e s t or what?

J19. How much was that?

J20. Did (he/she) have any other income?

T (SOURCE)

?

n YES n n ° < g o t o

r J23)

(IF OTHER INCOME)

J21, Wha,t was that from?

J22. How much was that? (SOURCE)

$

(IF ANY FROM WAGES, OR A BUSINESS)

J23. How many weeks did (he/she) work l a s t year?

J24. About how many hours a week was that?

J25. (IF NOT CLEAR) Did (he/she) work more than h a l f time?

J26. Does (he/she) share i n the family's expenses, or what?

J27. Is (he/she) l i k e l y to stay here with you or might (he/she) move away w i t h i n the next few years?

A REPEAT J17-J27 FOR NEXT PERSON LISTED; IF NO OTHER PERSON, TURN TO J28.

-59-

• YES • NO (GO TO A) • YES • NO (GO TO A) • YES • NO (GO TO A)

T T 1 (SOURCE) (SOURCE)

$

(SOURCE)

$

• YES • NO (GO TO J J23) • YES • NO (GO TO [ J23)

• YES PNO (GO TO \ J23)

t T

(SOURCE) $

(SOURCE) $

(SOURCE) $

INTERVIEWER: FOR ALL PERSONS AGED 18-61 LISTED IN J16: IF ANYONE LISTED ABOVE MEETS THESE CRITERIA BELOW, CONSIDER THIS/THESE PERSON(S) SUBFAMILIES, AND ARRANGE AT END OF INTERVIEW TO TAKE INTERVIEW WITH EACH ONE. (IF HUSBAND AND WIFE, CONSIDER AS ONE SUBFAMILY). The c r i t e r i a are as follows: (1) Has $2000 or more i n income, (2) Answers "NO" to J26, (3) "Might move away w i t h i n the next few years," or some si m i l a r response to J27. ALL THREE MUST HOLD BEFORE CONSIDERING AS SUBFAMILY.

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J28. Did you get any other money i n the l a s t year — l i k e a big settlement from ]/ QLJb an insurance company, an inheritance, or anything?

Source- V*2k7 • YES • NO (GO TO J30)

J29. (IF YES) How much did that amount to? V 3 U

J30. Did anyone here get more than $50 worth of food or clo t h i n g as a part of t h e i r pay?

YES • NO (GO TO J32)

v a t *

J31. (IF YES) About how much would that be worth?

J32. Did you (FAMILY) get any free food, c l o t h i n g , or food stamps worth $50 or more i n 1967?

YES • NO (GO TO J34)

J33. (IF YES) About how much did that save you l a s t year? $_

J34. Was your family's income a l o t higher or lower than usual t h i s past year (1967)? VJ7o

• NO (GO TO J36) • HIGHER THAN USUAL \~\ LOWER THAN USUAL

V 9-7 i J35. Why was that?

J36. Does your family's income change from month to month, stay the same over the v _ 7 "2-year, or what?

• STAYS THE SAME -(TURN TO J38)

CHANGES FROM MONTH TO MONTH

van 3 J37. Why does i t vary?

(TURN TO J38)

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J38. Would you say you are better o f f f i n a n c i a l l y than you were a few years ago, V *2 "7 H or are you i n the same situation?

J39. Is there anything that makes your family's expenses unusually high?

• YES • NO (GO TO J41)

V A1S

J40, (IF YES) What i s that? V«?7V

J41. Is anything l i k e l y to happen over the next few years that w i l l make things much V «2 7 4> d i f f e r e n t f o r ycur family -- l i k e more or less earners, a better job for you, or fewer people l i v i n g here?

YES • NO (GO TO J44)

(IF YES)

J42. What is that?

(IF NOT J43. W i l l that make'things better, or worse, f i n a n c i a l l y ? CLEAR)

J44. Are there any people that do not l i v e w ith you who are dependent on you for. more vSl7T than h a l f of t h e i r support?

• NO - NONE (GO TO J47)

YES

(IF YES)

J45. How many are there?

J46. How much did that amount to i n the l a s t year?

J47. Do you (FAMILY) have parents or other r e l a t i v e s that you would f e e l that you had V 7*j to help (more), i f you had more money?

• YES • N 0

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SECTION K: TIME USE

Kl. We're interested i n how people spend t h e i r spare time. What things do you V 3 cl (HEAD) usually do i n your spare time? 3ece«- H«h-ko, V" 3S" I

K2. How often do you (HEAD) go to church? V A 3f V

K3 , Are you (HEAD) taking any courses or lessons? f c ^ l O

YES • NO (GO TO K5)

K4. (IF YES) What are they?

K5. About how many hours do you (HEAD) usually watch t e l e v i s i o n on an average weekday?

K6. How o f t e n do you (HEAD) read a newspaper -- every day, once a week, or what? V 58H

• NEVER

K7 . About how many people i n t h i s neighborhood do you know by name? ]/ 9 %

K8. Do you (FAMILY) have any r e l a t i v e s who l i v e w i t h i n walking distance of here?

K9. Did you spend more than 40 hours helping friends or r e l a t i v e s l a s t year? V O-^ O

• YES • NO (TURN TO K l l )

V aqrt K10. (IF YES) About how many hours was that? Y ^ 1

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K l l . Did you get any free help with housework, baby s i t t i n g , or anything l i k e that i n the l a s t year (1967)?

• NO (GO TO K15)

K12. Did i t save you as much as $50 during the year?

• YES • NO (GO TO K14)

K13. (IF YES) About how much did i t save you? $

K14. Was i t from someone who doesn't l i v e here? W i t

K.15. How often do you (HEAD) go to social clubs or organizations?

K16. How often do you (HEAD) go to a bar or tavern?

K17. Do you (HEAD) belong to a labor union?

• YES • NO (TURN TO L l )

V S?9V

K18, (IF YES) How much did your union dues amount to l a s t year? $ \J Q Q V

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SECTION L: FEELINGS

Here i s something d i f f e r e n t some questions about how you f e e l towards things.

(INTERVIEWER: IF RESPONDENT SIMPLY REPEATS ONE OF THE ALTERNATIVES GIVEN IN A QUESTION, CIRCLE THAT WORD OR PHRASE. "YOU" MEANS HEAD IN THIS SECTION.)

L l . Have you usually f e l t p r e t t y sure your l i f e would work out the way you want i t to, or have there been more times when you haven't been very sure about i t ?

y ^9b~~

L2. Are you the kind of person that plans his l i f e ahead a l l the time, or do you l i v e more from day to day?

13. When you make plans ahead, do you usually get to carry out things the way you expected, or do things usually come up to make you change your plans?

V 7

L4. Would you say you nearly always f i n i s h things once you s t a r t them, or do you sometimes have to give up before they are finished?

L5. How much do you l i k e to do things that are d i f f i c u l t and challenging? y a q q

L6. Would you rather spend your money and enjoy l i f e today, or save more f o r the future?

V3ox>

L7. Would you rather have a job that you l i k e even i f the chances for a raise were small, or a job you don't l i k e which offers a good chance f o r making more money?

V 3 g /

L8. Are you more often s a t i s f i e d , or d i s s a t i s f i e d w ith yourself?

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L9. Do you have some l i m i t a t i o n s that keep you from g e t t i n g ahead as fa r as you would like?

LL0. Do you get angry f a i r l y e a s i l y , or does i t take a l o t to get you angry?

LU. How much does i t matter what other people think about you?

L12. Do you t r u s t most other people, some, or very few?

V3ol

L13. Do you spend much time f i g u r i n g out ways to get more money?

L14. Do you think a l o t about things that might happen i n the f u t u r e , or do you usually j u s t take things as they come?

L15. Do you think the l i f e of the average man i s ge t t i n g better or i s i t g e t t i n g worse?

L16. Are there a l o t of people who have good things they don't deserve?

V Sic

-66-

SECTION M: THE PAST Now, j u s t a few questions about things you've done i n the past.

Ml. Where did you (HEAD) grow up? (SPECIFY STATE, IF U.S., COUNTRY IF FOREIGN)

M2. Was that on a farm, i n a large c i t y , small town, or what?

M3. How many grades of school did you (HEAD) fi n i s h ?

( I F 6 GRADES OR LESS)

M4. Did you get any other training?

•YES QNO - (GO TO M6)

M5. What was i t ?

M6. Do you have any trouble reading?

(GO TO Mil )

(IF 7 GRADES OR MORE)

M7. Did you have any other schooling?

I YES 7

r-, V3W • NO - (GO TO Mil)

M8. What other schooling did you have?

V>'4 (IF M9. Do you have a COL- college degree? LEGE)

• YES •NO -T (GO TO Mil) M10. What degree(s)

did you receive?

(GO TO Mil)

(ASK EVERYONE)

M i l . Are you (HEAD) a veteran? • YES

M12. How many brothers and s i s t e r s did you have?

• NO v 2w_r

v3i L

M13. Were your parents poor when you were growing up, p r e t t y w e l l o f f , or .what?

M14. How much education did your father have? V 3,gr

( I F NONE OR DON'T KNOW) M15. Could he read and write?

TURN TO PAGE 4 OF COVER SHEET

-67-

SECTION N: BY OBSERVATION ONLY Who was present during interview?

V 119

Who was respondent ( r e l a t i o n to head)?

Race? WHITE NEGRO

Number of calls?

OTHER Vizi (SPECIFY)

How clean was the i n t e r i o r of the DU? 1//S-3

VERY CLEAN CLEAN SO-SO NOT VERY CLEAN DIRTY

How much reading material was v i s i b l e i n the DU? V \?H

A LOT SOME NONE

About how many times did you have to repeat a question?

About how many times did you have to ask R to repeat a reply?

Does R have any obvious disfigurements or habits that could make i t d i f f i c u l t f o r him to get a job?

V\%1

What is the name of the nearest c i t y of 50,000 population or more?

y / g g CITY STATE

How far Is t h i s DU from the center of that c i t y ?

LESS THAN 5 MILES

5-14.9 MILES

15-29.9 MILES

30-49.9 MILES

50 OR MORE MILES

-68-

N12. TYPE OF STRUCTURE IN WHICH FAMILY LIVES:

[ ] TRAILER [ ] DETACHED SINGLE FAMILY HOUSE [ ] 2-FAMILY HOUSE, 2 UNITS SIDE BY SIDE [ j 2-FAMILY HOUSE, 2 UNITS ONE ABOVE

THE OTHER [ ] DETACHED 3-4 FAMILY HOUSE f ] ROW HOUSE (3 OR MORE UNITS IN AN

ATTACHED ROW)

[ ] APARTMENT HOUSE (5 OR MORE UNITS, 3 STORIES OR LESS)

[ ] APARTMENT HOUSE (5 OR MORE UNITS, 4 STORIES OR MORE)

[ ] APARTMENT IN A PARTLY COMMERCIAL STRUCTURE

[ ] OTHER (Specify)

N13. NEIGHBORHOOD: Look at 3 structures on each side or so i n both directions and check as many boxes

] VACANT LAND ONLY j TRAILER ] DETACHED SINGLE FAMILY HOUSE j 2-FAMILY HOUSE, 2 UNITS SIDE BY SIDE j 2-FAMILY HOUSE, 2 UNITS ONE ABOVE THE OTHER

] DETACHED 3-4 FAMILY HOUSE ] ROW HOUSE (3 OR MORE UNITS IN AN ATTACHED ROW)

of DU but not mote than 100 yards as apply, below. V I I

Vt 9 2-] APARTMENT HOUSE (5 OR MORE UNITS, 3 STORIES OR LESS)

] APARTMENT HOUSE (5 OR MORE UNITS, 4 STORIES OR MORE)

] APARTMENT IN A PARTLY COMMERCIAL STRUCTURE

) WHOLLY COMMERCIAL OR INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE

] OTHER (Specify)

N14. I s t h i s DU located i n a public housing project? [ ] YES [ 1 NO V l ^

Thumbnail Sketch

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Part 3.

Interviewers' I n s t r u c t i o n Book

The e n t i r e I n s t r u c t i o n Book i s reprinted here except f o r Section I ,

the contents of which are already covered i n Section I of t h i s manual.

Section I I of the I n s t r u c t i o n Book describes i n d e t a i l the i n s t r u c t i o n s to

the interviewer i n carrying out the dwelling-unit sampling. The Field Notes

section gives d e t a i l s of the communication that goes on between the Ann Arbor

o f f i c e and the interviewers. Section IV describes the objective of each

question, often w i t h an example of what might be an adequate reply to a

question.

Following Section IV of the I n s t r u c t i o n Book i s the set of supple­

mentary i n s t r u c t i o n s f o r the Census sample. This d e t a i l s the procedures f o r

interviewing the f a m i l i e s , rather than sample dwellings.

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The U n i v e r s i t y of Michigan Project 45768 Survey Research Center Spring 1968

INSTRUCTION BOOK

Panel Study of Family Economics "irk irk irkklrkrk icirkickitlririrk Ar irkickkirkitiek'kicirk ickiekirkieirtrlHrk'k irk A kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk ***********

Contents

Section I : Overview of the Study A. Background and Study Design B. Basic Sample Design C. The Questionnaire

Section I I : Sampling Procedures f o r the Cross-Section Sample 7 Sample of Dwellings 7 Sampling Materials f o r the Study 7 Changes i n L i s t i n g Procedures 8 U n l i P C e d Dwellings at L i s t i n g Sheet Addresses 8 Updating f o r Take-Part Segments 8 Sampling Procedures i n Large Segments 8 Nonlnterview and Nonsample Addresses 9 Return of Blue Folders t o Ann Arbor 9 Whom t o Interview 9 D i s p o s i t i o n of Obsolete Yellow Folders 10

Section I I I : F i e l d Notes 11 Study Dates 11 Practice Interview 11 Materials You Should Have f o r P. 45768 11 Respondent Letters 12 C a l l Procedures 12 Progress Report Forms - General Procedures 14 Project Completion Form 15 Returning Interviews and Cover Sheets 16 Mailing Schedule 16 Mailing Rules 16 General E d i t i n g I n s t r u c t i o n s 16 Press Release 17 Show Cards 17 Interviewer's Cards, "Why Do We Ask You?" Folders, 17 Contacting Local A u t h o r i t i e s 17

Section IV: question-by-Question Objectives 18-***

Samples of P. 45768 Materials White Cover Sheet Green Cover Sheet Respondent L e t t e r Progress Report Forms

* * * A A A A A A * * * * * * * A A A A * A A * A A A A A * * * * * * * * * * * ^

Paee

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SECTION I I

SAMPLING PROCEDURES FOR THE CROSS-SECTION SAMPLE

NOTICE

The sampling i n s t r u c t i o n s that follow apply to the segment sample from the 74 primary areas i n the Survey Research Center's na t i o n a l sample of dwellings. At a l a t e r date sampling i n s t r u c t i o n s for the Census sample v i l l be sent I to each interviewer who i s to p a r t i c i p a t e i n that part of study 45768.

Sample of Dwellings

The e n t i r e segment sample i s composed of dwellings not previously used i n an SRC study. I t f i l l be necessary to l i s t or to update l i s t i n g s For a l l assigned s egments.

Sampling Materials f o r the Study

1. New Blue and Yellow Folders f o r New Chunks For chunks being used for the f i r s t time, and there are many of these, both Blue and Yellow folders w i l l be sent to the o f f i c e contact. (Please refer to a subsequent section on "Disposition of Obsolete Yellow Folders.")

2. Blue Folders f o r Old Chunks When a chunk has been used on an e a r l i e r study, only the Blue Folder w i l l be mailed to the Office Contact since the Yellow Folder i s already i n her/his f i l e s .

3. Maps A map for each sample place has been or i s being sent to the Of f i c e Contact. These maps on which chunks are numbered and ou t l i n e d i n color are to be used to determine the general l o c a t i o n of the chunks. I f these maps become misplaced or badly worn, please n o t i f y us so that we may send replacements. Furthermore, i f chunk boundaries on the maps are not i d e n t i ­c a l w i t h chunk boundaries i n the segment folders or i f there are d i f f ­erences between maps and folders i n chunk numbers, at your e a r l i e s t convenience please send the map(s) to us so that we may make corrections and .return the map(s) to you.

4. New L i s t i n g Sheets, S210 A new l i s t i n g form, S210, i s to replace the old l i s t i n g sheet, S203. Whenever a new l i s t i n g i s to be prepared or an old l i s t i n g supplemented, please use the new form which has ten l i n e s , instead of 20, so that you w i l l have adequate space fo r dwelling descriptions and notes. (See paragraph on "Changes i n L i s t i n g Procedure.")

5. Unaddressed Cover Sheets The cover sheets, a l l unaddressed, are of two forms:

a. White Cover Sheets A white cover sheet i s to be made out f o r each sample dwelling, whether occupied or vacant. At an occupied dwelling the white cover

-72-8.

sheet i s used f o r the Primary Family respondent.

b. Green Cover Sheets A green cover sheet i s to be made out for secondary family respon­dents and f o r subfamily respondents. (The determination of sub­families i s explained i n a l a t e r paragraph.)

Changes i n L i s t i n g Procedures

No p r e l i s t i n g s are being sent to you for new segments, whether Take-Part or Take-All. Each new segment i s to be v i s i t e d and l i s t e d on a new l i s t ­i n g sheet, Form S210, before the sample dwellings are selected f o r study 45768. The l i s t e r ' s name and the date are to be recorded i n item A of Form S210.

On chunk sketches, please use a small square to show locations of dwelling u n i t s . For a d d i t i o n a l i n s t r u c t i o n s on l i s t i n g refer to the Interviewer's Manual.

Un l i s t e d Dwellings at L i s t i n g Sheet Addresses

On page 3 of the white cover sheet you are asked to determine the number of dwelling units at the L i s t i n g Sheet address referred to i n Item. 8, page 1, of the cover sheet. I f one or more u n l i s t e d DUs are discovered, make out a new white cover sheet f o r each. Be sure to record on both ti;e cover sheet and the l i s t i n g sheet the i d e n t i f i c a t i o n (up, down, f r o n t , back, etc.) f o r each such DU. Use the same l i s t i n g sheet l i n e number f o r a l l of those DUs. Interview at each DU unless the t o t a l number at the l i s t i n g sheet address exceeds 5. When there are more than 5 DUs at a l i s t i n g sheet address, do not interview there but n o t i f y the o f f i c e and wait foi: i n s t r u c t i o n s .

Updating L i s t i n g f o r Take-Part Segments

For i n s t r u c t i o n s on updating l i s t i n g s f o r Take-Part segments used on e a r l i e r studies, please r e f e r to "Updating Segment L i s t i n g s " , a 3-page pink supplement to the Interviewers' Manual. This supplement was sent to a l l Interviewers working on the January-February study p.772. I f you did not receive a copy, request one from the F i e l d Office immediately.

Sampling Procedures i n Large Segments

1. TAKE-ALL Segments I f , a f t e r completing the l i s t i n g of a Take-All segment, you f i n d that the segment contains more than 12 DUs, do not interview i n the segment. Return the blue f o l d e r containing the complete l i s t i n g and a sketch showing DU locations, to us immediately. Attach an Immediate Action Form ( b r i g h t pink) to the folder and c a l l our a t t e n t i o n to the fact that you have 13 or more DUs assigned i r : nhis segment on P45768. We w i l l then make another selection of li n e s and return the blue folder to you as quickly as possible.

-73-

9.

2. TAKE-PART Segments I n Take-Part segments, i f the number of l i s t e d addresses exceeds the high­est l i n e number appearing i n column 5 of the blue f o l d e r cover, send the folder (Immediate Action Form attached), with the l i s t i n g s and a rough sketch of the segment, to the F i e l d O f f i c e . A f t e r reviewing the materials, we w i l l send i n s t r u c t i o n s to you.

Nonintervtew and Nonsample Addresses

Whenever you have a sample address (an address on an assigned l i n e on the S210), you are to make out a cover sheet f o r i t , even i f the st r u c t u r e no longer e x i s t s , i s no longer a dwelling, i s vacant, or i s under construction.

I f you are unable to obtain an interview w i t h a respondent, ( r e f e r t o section on respondent s e l e c t i o n ) , please report the appropriate information on the noninterview page of the cover sheet.

Return of Blue Folders to Ann Arbor

A f t e r a segment has been v i s i t e d and the l i s t i n g sheet i n the blue Folder updated or a new l i s t i n g prepared, only then i s the blue folder to be r e t u r n ­ed to the Ann Arbor o f f i c e . However, do not keep the blue folders any longer than i s necessary. Work from the yellow folder and return the blue f o l d e r t o us.

Whom to Interview

Preferred respondents are heads of f a m i l i e s , although i s some cases, explained below, a wife or another responsible family adult may be interviewed. Some d e f i n i t i o n s and explanations follow. For a d e f i n i t i o n of primary family, please r e f e r t o page 68 of Interviewers' Manual.

1. Head of Family The preferred respondent i s the head of the family. The head should always be interviewed unless he i s going to be unavailable f o r the e n t i r e study. Only as a l a s t resort should you interview the w i f e , or, i f there i s no w i f e , another responsible adult i n the family. Use the "DETER­MINING FAMILY HEAD" card to determine j u s t who the head i s . (Orange 8 1/2 x 11" card). I n general t h i s i s the (1) husband i n case of head and w i f e , (2) the main f i n a n c i a l provider i f not a married couple, or (3) the person closest to age 45 i f (1) and (2) don't work. (For those of you who worked on the Survey of Consumers, t h i s i s the procedure used i n that study.)

2. Head of Subfamily I n the course of the interview you w i l l be asking about the income and earnings of persons other than the head of the family. Some of these i n d i v i d u a l s who are related to the head of the family we may want to interview. A subfamily must meet the f o l l o w i n g c r i t e r i a before being interviewed: (1) He (or she) must have $2000 or more income, (2) he must not share the family's expenses, (3) i t must be expected that he might move away w i t h i n the next few years. These c r i t e r i a are p r i n t e d on the questionnaire, on page 23. Green Cover Sheets are to be used

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10. f o r these subfamilies. I f the subfamily consists of a husband and wife, e.g.jdaughter and son-in-law of the head, interview the son-in-law only. The subfamily w i l l usually be a young person who i s about ready to leave his parental home. On the Green Cover Sheet, you are to i n d i c a t e whether or not i t i s being used fo r a subfamily or an unrelated secondary family. Use the questionnaire as you did f o r the head of the t o t a l family.

3. Unrelated Secondary Families Check f o r secondary families at a l l addresses i n the Cross Section Sample. The Green Cover Sheets are to be used fo r these secondary family heads found at addresses appearing on white cover sheets. I n t e r ­view the head of these secondary families as w e l l .

D i s p o s i t i o n of Obsolete Yellow Folders

We request that the O f f i c e Contact r e t a i n a l l Yellow Folders u n t i l we send s p e c i f i c i n s t r u c t i o n s f o r the d i s p o s i t i o n of each yellow f o l d e r not i n the c u r r e n t chunk sample. Our plans are t o mail such i n s t r u c t i o n s to Office Contacts w i t h i n the next few weeks.

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SECTION I I I

FIELD NOTES

Study Dates March 5 - May 30

The above dates represent the interviewing period for the cross-section part of t h i s study. The Census sample interviewing, however, w i l l begin and end l a t e r , since SRC has not been able to s t a r t the sampling work on t h i s p a r t . Since the Census sample i s beginning as the second wave of Interviewing s panel of named in d i v i d u a l s who have been interviewed before, the time i n t e r v a l aLlowed to complete that part of the sample may be longer. Details w i l l be sent with the Census sample.

Practice Interview

Most of you were sent a questionnaire to be used for taking a practice interview i n mLd-February, which was marked i n the upper right-hand corner, "PRACTICE AND TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY"; hence, most of you should already have taken your practice interview and received comments on I t from your supervisor. I f , f o r some reason you did not receive a practice interview at that time, use one of the questionnaires sent with your materials for t h i s purpose. Study your materials, and then take your practice interview. Don't take production interviews u n t i l you have taken a practice interview, gone over i t very c a r e f u l l y , and sent i t to your supervisor. I f you have not received your supervisor's comments on the practice interview when you are ready to s t a r t i n t e r v i e w i n g , you may s t a r t without hearing from her.

Denote t h i s interview with the word "PRACTICE" prominently on the f i r s t page of the practice interview so that there w i l l be no p o s s i b i l i t y of i t s l a t e r g e t t i n g confused w i t h a production interview.

Materials You Should Have for P. 45768

I n s t r u c t i o n Books

Questionnaires

Respondent Letters "Dear Head of Household"

Envelopes for Respondent Letters

"Why Do We Ask You?" Folders .

Interviewer's Card

(continued on next page)

. . . . 1 per interviewer, plus an* extra one i n larger PSUs

. . . . I per address, plus extras

. . . . 1 folded and 1 unfolded for each address

. . . . 1 per address, plus 3 extra per PSU

• • • • 1 per address, plus extras

. . . • 1 per address, plus extras

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Materials You Should Have for P. 45768 (cont.)

Card for Determining Family Head 1 per interviewer

Progress Report Forms and Project Completion Form 1 set per PSU [ f o r OC's use)

Copies of Press Release 2 for smaller PSUs and 4 for larger ones

Sample Address Summary Forms Dependent upon number of interviewers and sample size

Envelope(s)of Sampling Materials (contains segment fo l d e r s , White and Green cover sheets)

Respondent Letters *

For t h i s cross section part of the study, there i s only one type of respondent l e t t e r . I t s s a l u t a t i o n i s "Dear Head of Household." The folded l e t t e r s are for sending out i n the mail before you v i s i t and the unfolded ones are to carry with you to show and/or leave with Rs who say they didn't receive a l e t t e r . You w i l l have to use some of the extra unfolded l e t t e r s to send to newly-discovered DUs (unless you have some l e f t - o v e r folded l e t t e r s ) .

Since t h i s sample consists e n t i r e l y of cross-section addresses, a l l l e t t e r s should be sent to "Head of Household."

C a l l Procedures

1. a. In take part segments that were p a r t i a l l y used on an e a r l i e r study mail l e t t e r s before making your f i r s t v i s i t to the segment. On your f i r s t v i s i t you should f i r s t update the l i s t i n g and then make contacts at some of the addresses which have received l e t t e r s . Be sure to allow enough time on your f i r s t v i s i t to the segment to both update the l i s t i n g and take an interview.

b. I n segments that are to be l i s t e d f o r the f i r s t time, you probably should make a separate t r i p to l i s t and then return to interview a f t e r mailing the l e t t e r s . However, i f there are places i n the segment without mailable addresses you should contact one or more of them on your f i r s t v i s i t as soon as you have done the l i s t i n g .

c. I n a l l cases make the f i r s t v i s i t during day l i g h t hours for the sake of accuracy.

*Spanish tran s l a t i o n s of the Respondent l e t t e r and the "Why Do We Ask You?" f o l d e r are available and may be ordered.

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13.

C a l l Procedures (cont.)

2. Return a cover sheet to the o f f i c e i f i t i s RA or NAH a f t e r four c a l l s i n an urban or r u r a l non-farm area, or a f t e r three c a l l s at a r u r a l farm address i f :

a. Calls were made at a l l parts of the day - morning, afternoon, and evening, and

b. Calls were made on weekend days as we l l as weekdays, and

c. Your PSU has reached a minimum response rate of 85%.

I f a l l three of these conditions are not true, continue to c a l l on an NAH or RA u n t i l a l l conditions are met, or the maximum l i m i t of eight c a l l s has been reached. The only exception to t h i s r u l e i s i n those cases where you f i n d a house vacant on your f i r s t c a l l . I n t h i s case do not c a l l back, even i f someone i s moving i n the next day. As f a r as we are concerned, these addresses w i l l remain HVs for the duration of the study, since i t i s p e r f e c t l y possible f o r the people who move i n to have come from another address i n the sample. The r u l e also applies i n reverse, that i s , i f you f i n d a DU occupied on your f i r s t contact but the people move out before you can interview them, the address becomes an NI-Other and you don't have to make a d d i t i o n a l callbacks.

3. I t i s often useful to exchange your refusals with another interviewer's refusals. Often a d i f f e r e n t person c a l l i n g at the address w i l l impress the respondent with the importance of his being interviewed. I f you f e e l a personal l e t t e r from the o f f i c e might reverse a r e f u s a l , please w r i t e and request a persuasion l e t t e r . I n a request f o r a persuasion l e t t e r include the fo l l o w i n g information: (1) mailing address, plus segment and l i n e number. (2) whether head is male or female so we w i l l know whether s a l u t a t i o n

should be "Dear Sir" or "Dear Madam." (3) circumstances of ref u s a l - i f some other person kept you from

g e t t i n g to the head, be sure to indica te tha t the refusa1 was from someone other than the head so that the l e t t e r can be so adapted.

(4) any information you might have about R and/or family which might be useful i n adapting a l e t t e r to the i n d i v i d u a l circumstances.

The l e t t e r we send may not always r e f l e c t a l l the information you send i n your request for a persuasion l e t t e r , because whenever possible we w i l l use the standard persuasion l e t t e r composed for t h i s study, but we do need to have the types of information l i s t e d above so that we w i l l at least not send a l e t t e r which i s inappropriate i n any way. And, i f you furnish us complete information, you w i l l equip us to w r i t e a very relevant and perhaps e f f e c t i v e l e t t e r i f time pressures i n the o f f i c e permit. We w i l l send a carbon copy of the persuasion l e t t e r to you on the same day we send the o r i g i n a l to the respondent.

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Progress Report Forms - General Procedures

We w i l l use the weekly progress report form. We are asking for the number of hours worked, number of miles t r a v e l l e d , and amount of other expenses incurred only at the end of the study. Remember that the Fi e l d Office should receive only one progress report from the o f f i c e contacts midway through thestudy on A p r i l 19. The supervisor should receive a l l of the progress report forms, including a copy of the A p r i l 19 progress report. The project completion form, of course, i s sent to the Field Office and the supervisor at the end of the study.

Here are the procedures for using the progress report forms:

1. As soon as you receive your sample, w r i t e each address on the Sample Address Summary Form. (The o f f i c e contact w i l l also have to keep a "master l i s t " for the e n t i r e PSU.) Keep these Summary Forms up to da te throughout the study. Every time you take an interview, or f i n d a DU that i s NI or NS, or f i n d an extra DU, i n d i c a t e t h i s beside the appropriate entry on the Sample Summary Form, Bring your Form up to date a f t e r each t r i p to a segment.

2. The o f f i c e contact and the interviewers should agree on a time for r e l a y i n g the information for the Progress Report Form, This time should be mutually convenient but, once i t has been set, i t i s the interviewer's r e s p o n s i b i l i t y to c a l l the o f f i c e contact at that time, and the o f f i c e contact's r e s p o n s i b i l i t y to be available f o r the c a l l .

3. When the interviewer c a l i s the o f f i c e contact, i t i s the interviewer's r e s p o n s i b i l i t y to provide information for every item on the Progress Report Form. The interviewer should be prepared to report a f i g u r e for every item on the Form, including her response rate (Item 7). I f the o f f i c e contact notices a discrepancy i n the f i g u r e s , she should, of course, ask the interviewer about i t . However, i t should not be necessary for the o f f i c e contact to f i g u r e out each interviewer's response r a t e , nor to check a l l figures (use Appendix A to your Interviewers' Manual to compute response rates q u i c k l y ) .

4. By consulting her Sample Address Summary Form, the interviewer can f i l l out the blanks i n one column of a Progress Report Form. The blank forms provided at the back of t h i s i n s t r u c t i o n book can be used for that purpose. The f i r s t column, now labelled Office Contact, on the f i r s t form, can be used fo r the f i r s t week of the study* t n e

second column on the f i r s t form f o r the second week, etc. The columns, of course, are cumulative.

5. The o f f i c e contact w i l l then mail the copy of the Progress Report Form for her e n t i r e PSU to her supervisor on each Friday of the study period, s t a r t i n g March 15 of the study period. I f the o f f i c e contact has not heard from each interviewer i n her PSU by the specified time,, and i s unable to contact the interviewer, then the o f f i c e contact w i l l have to leave the column for the interviewer blank and mail the form anyway.

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15.

Notice that there i s a column on the Progress Report Form f o r each interviewer i n the PSU who i s working on the study. I f there are more than four interviewers ( i n c l u d i n g o f f i c e contact) working on a study, i t w i l l be necessary f o r the o f f i c e contact to use the extra form provided for the a d d i t i o n a l e n t r i e s .

At the midpoint of the study, on Friday, A p r i l 19, the o f f i c e contact should send two copies of the form; one to the supervisor and one to the F i e l d O f f i c e . For the l a s t week of the study, please use the Project Completion Form instead of a Progress Report Form. Send one copy of the Project Completion Form to your supervisor and one to the F i e l d O f f i c e , and keep one for your f i l e s , as usual.

Project Completion Form

Three copies of the Project Completion Form have been sent to each PSU. These forms should be f i l l e d out by the o f f i c e contact upon the comple­t i o n of the study i n the PSU. One copy should be sent to us with the f i n a l mailing of materials for the study; the second copy should be sent to the supervisor; the t h i r d copy i s f o r the PSU f i l e s .

Use the form below to record your hours.,, .miles, and amount of other expenses before you send i n your pay forms on the 10th & 25th of each mo. so you w i l l have the figures called for on the project completion form.

Amount Claimed Reporting Period Hours Worked Miles Claimed fo r Other Exps.

TOTAL FOR STUDY (To be reported on Project Completion Form)

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Returning Interviews and Cover Sheets

Securely assemble a l l the materials for one interview together; use paper c l i p s or j u s t i n s e r t the cover sheet i n the questionnaire. Please do not use staples, scotch tape, or the " f o l d and tear" method since a l l materials f o r each interview are assigned a code number i n the o f f i c e and then separated to insure anonymity.

M a i l i n g Schedule

As you we l l know, i t i s very important to maintain a steady flow of interviews throughout the study period. This insures that work w i l l not p i l e up at your end and that each respondent w i l l have a good chance to be found and interviewed. This steady flow also enables us here i n Ann Arbor to keep up with the processing and coding of interviews as they a r r i v e each day.

M a i l i n g Rules

A (1st, and l a s t weeks) Mail a l l interviews before noon of the day fol l o w i n g the interview. Use A i r Mail i n a l l PSUs except D e t r o i t , Genesee, Hancock, Marshall, St. Joseph, and Toledo.

B (2nd week through week before l a s t week) -- Mail i n groups of three, unless you have not completed three interviews w i t h i n the seven-day period f o l l o w i n g your l a s t mailing. I n t h i s case mail however many you have on hand. NEVER HOLD COMPLETED INTERVIEWS LONGER THAN A WEEK. DO NOT COLLECT MORE THAN THREE INTERVIEWS BEFORE MAILING. Use regular F i r s t Class envelopes to mail during t h i s period-.

General E d i t i n g I n s t r u c t i o n s Please t r y to e d i t your interviews r i g h t a f t e r you take them, while you s t i l l remember the respondent and the interview s i t u a t i o n c l e a r l y . The f o l l o w i n g points are l i s t e d so that you can easily refer to them and make sure they are w e l l covered while you are e d i t i n g : 1. LEGIBILITY. 2. Inappropriate questions are c l e a r l y marked "Inap." or "slashed."

(Make sure the questions you mark "Inap." are r e a l l y inappropriate according to the questionnaire i n s t r u c t i o n s . "Omitted" or "Skipped" should be used to account for questions not asked for some other reason. See page 36 of the Interviewers 1 Manual.)

3. F u l l thumbnail sketch to give reader a good idea of the interviewing s i t u a t i o n . P a r t i c u l a r l y note any unusual s i t u a t i o n s and other information about the respondent not stated i n the interview.

4. A l l probes (and any other remarks by you) indicated i n parentheses. 5. A l l unclear responses c l a r i f i e d (by your parenthetical notes). 6. • Your name label appears on the questionnaire and on the cover sheet.

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Press Release

We are sending three copies of the press release to each PSU, charging the OC w i t h the r e s p o n s i b i l i t y of taking the release to the papers i n her PSU i n which i t i s most l i k e l y to get p r i n t e d . We suggest that you l o c a l i z e the story by noting the areas that w i l l be interviewed, the names of the interviewers, etc.

Show Cards

The show cards are to be shown as they are call e d f o r on the questionnaire Use them i n the customary manner.

Interviewer's Cards, "Why Do We Ask You?" Folders

The Interviewer's Card was designed to leave you as much leeway as possible i n i t s use. Two p o s s i b i l i t i e s are to w r i t e a message on i t when you f i n d no one at home at an address and/or use i t as a c a l l i n g card by w r i t i n g your name and a "Thank you" on i t (or having your name printed on i t or p u t t i n g your name la b e l on i t ) and handing i t to the respondent at the end of the interview. Many respondents f i n d i t reassuring to know the name of the person who has interviewed them.

You may include the "Why Do We Ask You?" folder with the respondent l e t t e r . The folder can also be used at the door or a f t e r the interview has been completed.

Contacting Local A u t h o r i t i e s

As usual, we f e e l i t i s important that the OC (by l e t t e r or by t e l e ­phone) contact the l o c a l Police Chief or S h e r i f f , as w e l l as the Better Business Bureau or Chamber of Commerce, and give these people the follow­ing information before interviewing begins: 1. A b r i e f statement about the study ( s i m i l a r to what you w i l l be

t e l l i n g your respondents); 2. The names of a l l the l o c a l interviewers working on the study; 3. A general i n d i c a t i o n of the interviewing dates, and the neighborhoods

where interviews w i l l be taken.

I f you are in t e r v i e w i n g i n several towns, y o u ' l l need to do t h i s f o r each one. Feel free to show your ID card, the "Why Do We Ask You?" f o l d e r , and the Respondent L e t t e r . I f the person wants a d i r e c t c o n f i r ­mation from Ann Arbor, l e t us know immediately and w e ' l l send a l e t t e r ; or, i f necessary, the person may contact us d i r e c t l y . I n such a case he should w r i t e John Scott i n the F i e l d Office or c a l l him at area code 313, 764-8356.

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Section IV

QUESTION-BY-QUESTION OBJECTIVES

SECTION A: Housing

When did vou move i n t o t h i s (house/apartment)?

I f family did not move i n together ask when head moved i n . I f R t e l l s you the year he bought the house, probe to f i n d out when he moved i n .

How many rooms do you have here for your family (not counting bathrooms)?

Include only whole rooms, e.g., kitchens, bedrooms, dining rooms, l i v i n g rooms, permanently enclosed sun porches of substantial size, finished basement or a t t i c rooms, or other rooms suitable or used f o r l i v i n g purposes and rooms used f o r o f f i c e purposes by a person l i v i n g i n the DU. Count as only one room a combined kitchenette snd d i n e t t e separated only by shelves or cabinets.

Exclude bathrooms, s t r i p or pullman kitchens, h a l l s or foyers, alcoves, pantr j_es, laundries , closets or storage space, unused basement or a t t i c rooms not suitable f o r l i v i n g quarters, rooms subleased f o r o f f i c e purposes by a person not l i v i n g i n the dwelling u n i t , and rooms used f o r business i n a dwelling u n i t . (These procedures are from the U.S. Census.)

Do you own t h i s (home/apartment), pay rent, or what?

1. Where two unrelated family units are co-owners of a DU or share the rent, please note t h i s on the questionnaire.

2. I f R i s buying a home by making mortgage payments check OWNS or IS BUYING box.

3. Some examples of fam i l i e s who neither own nor rent the DU they l i v e i n are:

a) j a n i t o r s , domes t i c servants, farm laborers, etc., who receive l i v i n g quarters as part of t h e i r pay.

b) people who l i v e i n houses or rooms provided rent-free as a g i f t from someone.

c) people who have sold t h e i r house but have not yet moved at the time of the interview.

How much did a l l your u t i l i t i e s l i k e heat and e l e c t r i c i t y cost you l a s t year -- was i t less than $100, $100-200, $200-300, $300-400, or more than $400?

We r e a l i z e that t h i s i s a d i f f i c u l t question to answer precisely, but i t i s an important component of housing costs. We encourage R to make a rough estimate on t h i s . (Same question also for renters A13, and for those who neither own nor re n t , Al8.) I f the costs cover two homes, each f o r part of a year, that i s a l l r i g h t .

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A6 Could you t e l l me what the p r e s e n t v a l u e of t h i s house (farm) i s ? I mean about what would i t b r i n g i f you s o l d I t today?

1. We want R's e s t i m a t e o f what he would get i f he were t o s e l l h i s house now, but NOT under c o n d i t i o n s o f f o r c e d s a l e . I n c l u d e the land v a l u e .

2. For farmers i n c l u d e value of the land and ot h e r b u i l d i n g s w i t h the house.

A7 Do you have a mortgage on t h i s p r o p e r t y ?

1. I f a buyer took out a mortgage when he bought h i s home but has p a i d i t o f f , "NO" should be checked.

2. Mortgages, land c o n t r a c t s , and deeds o f t r u s t are a l l a "YES" to t h i s q u e s t i o n because o f the terms o f each are such t h a t , i f the debtor does not make h i s payments, the o r g a n i z a t i o n or person t h a t loaned the money can take possession o f the house. But I F R borrowed money on a p e r s o n a l l o a n , the answer t o A7 i s "NO" ( b u t e n t e r the personal l o a n payments i n S e c t i o n D). Land c o n t r a c t s and deeds o f t r u s t d i f f e r from mortgages o n l y because l e g a l t i t l e t o the house i s h e l d by the s e l l e r , or a t r u s t e e .

A9 How much i s the rem a i n i n g p r i n c i p a l on t h i s mortgage?

Get amount s t i l l owed on the p r i n c i p a l , not o r i g i n a l loan nor the t o t a 1 remaining payments, which i n c l u d e i n t e r e s t .

A10 Do you a l s o have a second mortgage?

Sometimes two mortgages are taken out a t the time a house i s pur­chased. For example, p a r t of the down-payment may be borrowed on a second mortgage. Another way two mortgages can come about i s i f a person who a l r e a d y has one mortgage on h i s house needs cash. I f h i s house i s worth more than h i s f i r s t mortgage, he may be a b l e t o take out another mortgage t o o b t a i n cash.

A l l About how much r e n t do you pay a month?

1. For the primary f a m i l y t o t a l r e n t f o r the d w e l l i n g i s r e q u i r e d . 2. I f R belongs t o a secondary FU and pays r e n t t o the primary

or shares the r e n t , we want t o know o n l y how much he pays. 3. I f the r e n t a l r a t e has changed d u r i n g the year gi v e the most

r e c e n t r e n t per month. However, i f r e n t i s p a i d i r r e g u l a r l y or on a "pay as I can" basis as may be the case f o r some secondary FUs or a primary r e n t i n g from r e l a t i v e s or f r i e n d , o b t a i n the respondents best e s t i m a t e o f "an average month's r e n t . "

4. I f a weekly r a t e i s g i v e n , be sure t o i n d i c a t e t h i s so t h a t we can make the c o n v e r s i o n .

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20.

A14-15

A16

A17-18

A19

A20

A21-22

FOR THOSE WHO NEITHER OWN NOR RENT

How i s t h a t ? Do you do some work i n r e t u r n f o r your housinR? (What?)

This set of que s t i o n s i - s t o determine whether t h i s housing should be counted as p a r t o f the respondent's earned income or whether i t i s e f f e c t i v e l y a g i f t . The housing may be p a r t of the b e n e f i t s on one's r e g u l a r j o b - room f o r a l i v e - i n s e r v a n t , parsonage f o r a m i n i s t e r . Or work done f o r housing may be an e x t r a way of saving money -cu s t o d i a n i n an apartment house. Find out enough about what they do to d i s t i n g u i s h work s u b s t a n t i a l enough t o pay f o r housing from essen­t i a l l y f r e e l i v i n g q u a r t e r s .

How much would i t r e n t f o r i f i t was rented?

I f R asks, we want r e n t f o r a comparable house or apartment i n c l u d i n g whatever f u r n i s h i n g s and u t i l i t i e s the l a n d l o r d p r o v i d e s . We use t h i s t o make a b e t t e r e s t i m a t e of the f a m i l y ' s economic s t a t u s .

U t i l i t y payments i f " N e i t h e r Owns Nor Rents" - see A5

Did you have any work done on t h i s (house/apartment) d u r i n g the l a s t year^ or do any work on i t yourselves?

We want to know whether any work has been done around the house, e i t h e r d o - i t - y o u r s e l f p r o j e c t s by someone i n the household, or work which someone e l s e was asked t o do. P a i n t i n g , r e p a i r s , and r e d e c o r a t i o n s a l l count. We i n c l u d e work done on any house/apartment the f a m i l y l i v e d i n d u r i n g 1967.

What was done?

Here we want enough d e t a i l t o separate simple t h i n g s from those r e q u i r i n g complex s k i l l s . Responses such as " i n s t a l l e d / b u i l t k i t c h e n c a b i n e t s , " " p a i n t e d the house ( o u t s i d e ) , " " f i x e d a broken window," are a c c e p t a b l e .

Did you (or your f a m i l y ) do any of i t ? What d i d you do?

The o b j e c t here i s t o f i n d out how much ( i f any) of the work was done by members of the household. From t h i s q u e s t i o n , i n c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h A20, we want t o be abl e a l s o t o i n f e r the l e v e l of s k i l l e x h i ­b i t e d by members of the household. Thus " A l l of i t " i s an acceptable response i f the answers t o A20 are c l e a r . Other examples are " A l l but the e l e c t r i c a l work" ( f o r a f a m i l y room or the l i k e ) ; " I c a r r i e d the b r i c k s f o r the mason." I f some of the work was done f r e e by a f r i e n d or r e l a t i v e not i n the household note t h a t c l e a r l y . For i n s t a n c e : " I d i d the c a r p e n t r y , a f r i e n d d i d the plumbing. (Free?) Yes."

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21 . A23-24 Did you save more than $50 by d o i n g i t y o u r s e l f ? How much d i d you save?

Work done o n e s e l f i s a form o f non-money income which we want t o i n c l u d e i n our measure o f economic s t a t u s . The value o f such work i s the d i f f e r e n c e between what the j o b would have c o s t i f he had h i r e d someone else t o do i t , and what he a c t u a l l y spent i n d o i n g i t h i m s e l f . I n most cases he w i l l not have saved the e n t i r e c o s t o f having someone el s e do the j o b since he has purchased m a t e r i a l s e t c .

The $50 c u t o f f i s t o a v o i d spending time t r y i n g t o get an exact f i g u r e when the amount i s n ' t l a r g e enough to be i m p o r t a n t . For those who saved more than $50, an e s t i m a t e t o the nearest $50 i s a c c e p t a b l e , a l t h o u g h a more p r e c i s e f i g u r e i s b e t t e r i f the respondent o f f e r s i t .

A25 Do you s t i l l owe a n y t h i n g on i t ?

This may be money owed f o r m a t e r i a l s used i n d o i n g the j o b o n e s e l f or f o r work done by someone e l s e .

A26-2 7 I s what you owe f o r i t i n c l u d e d i n your mortgage payments you t o l d me about? ( I F NO) How much are your monthly payments?

Our purpose i n a s k i n g about payments i s t o get a measure of the t o t a l committed money outf-lows. We are not i n t e r e s t e d i n .the t o t a l amount of debt o u t s t a n d i n g . I f the money owed i s i n c l u d e d i n the mortgage, the payments have a l r e a d y been covered i n A8 & A9. For r e n t e r s who happen t o owe money o f t h i s s o r t , the " i n c l u d e d i n mortgage?" q u e s t i o n i s p o o r l y worded but should be a u t o m a t i c a l l y answered no. There are l i k e l y t o be very few such cases. For money owed, not i n c l u d e d i n the mortgage, be sure t o note the frequency (weekly, m o n t h l y ) as w e l l as the amount o f the payments.

A28-29 Do you t h i n k you might move i n the next couple o f years? Why might you move?

We w i l l code d i f f e r e n t type o f reasons by degree o f p l a n n i n g and purposiveness^ " I am going t o move t o take a b e t t e r j o b " ; "We are going t o move so t h a t our c h i l d r e n can a t t e n d b e t t e r s c h o o l s , " versus " I ' v e been t r a n s f e r r e d t o a p l a n t i n Georgia"; "There's a highway coming through and t h i s place w i l l be t o r n down."

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SECTION B

HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION AND EDUCATION OF CHILDREN

I n t h i s study, so as t o s t a r t i n t e r v i e w i n g w i t h something l e s s t h r e a t e n i n g than the f o r m a l l i s t i n g o f those i n the d w e l l i n g , the housing s e c t i o n precedes the household composition. I f you f e e l t h a t you need t o ask these questions f i r s t because o f some complex f a m i l y s i t u a t i o n or because you want t o postpone a s k i n g the val u e o f the house, t h a t i s a l l r i g h t . We doubt t h a t having the l i s t i n g box here should cause you any s e r i o u s problems. I n any case, i f you do get t h i s f a r and f i n d t h a t a f t e r you have l i s t e d a l l t he people l i v i n g i n the DU, you are i n t e r v i e w i n g the wrong person, you w i l l not have gone v e r y f a r i n t o the q u e s t i o n n a i r e . You mig h t want t o ask page 4 f i r s t f o r people i n expensive p r i v a t e homes, but s t a r t w i t h housing f o r the o t h e r s .

How many people l i v e here a l t o g e t h e r ?

No m a t t e r which sample you are i n t e r v i e w i n g from, we want the number of people a c t u a l l y l i v i n g w i t h i n t he DU -- whether or not r e l a t e d t o the f a m i l y you are i n t e r v i e w i n g . One purpose here i s to g et a measure o f the degree of crowding o f the DU.

How o l d are they and how are they r e l a t e d t o you?

Enter r e l a t i o n t o HEAD, age, and sex, f o r everyone on the DU. For u n r e l a t e d persons s p e c i f i c a t i o n s such as " f r i e n d , " "roomer" are acceptable. Be sure to i n c l u d e everyone i n the l i s t i n g box. This l i s t i n g box should be the same f o r a l l i n t e r v i e w s taken a t one DU, i . e . , i f there are secondary i n t e r v i e w s a t the address, the l i s t i n g box should be the same f o r t h a t i n t e r v i e w as f o r the primary.

I s (he/she) i n school? How many years o f school d i d (he/she) f i n i s h ?

We ap o l o g i z e f o r the complex appearance of t h i s sequence, but i t s hould f l o w q u i t e smoothly. For those aged 5-25 and not now i n s c h o o l , we want to know how much s c h o o l i n g they completed. We do not want the i n f o r m a t i o n here f o r the head and w i f e s i n ce we get t h a t elsewhere i n the q u e s t i o n n a i r e , nor are we i n t e r e s t e d i n pr e - s c h o o l e r s .

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23. B6-10 Do you have c h i l d r e n under 25 who don't l i v e here w i t h you? Are they

sons or daughters? How o l d i s (he/she)? I s (he/she) i n s c h o o l , work-i n g j i n the army, or what? How many years o f school d i d (he/she) f i n i s h ?

C h i l d r e n here r e f e r s t o n a t u r a l c h i l d r e n of the head, whether by p r e s e n t spouse or previous marriage. They need not be p r e s e n t l y supported by t h i s f a m i l y . Do not i n c l u d e sons-in-law or ot h e r " c h i l d r e n " r e l a t e d o n l y by m a r r i a g e . This s e t of qu e s t i o n s gives us some i n f o r m a t i o n on c h i l d r e n i n the armed s e r v i c e s or i n i n s t i t u t i o n s , which we do not sample. I t a l s o gives a d d i t i o n a l i n f o r m a t i o n on the e d u c a t i o n a l o r i e n t a t i o n o f the f a m i l y . B9 and 10 need not be asked f o r p r e - s c h o o l e r s .

B l l - 1 2 Has anyone moved i n t o your household i n the l a s t year? Who moved in?

This q u e s t i o n i s e s p e c i a l l y i m p o r t a n t f o r t h a t p a r t o f the sample drawn from the Census re c o r d s (on Yellow or Pink cover s h e e t s ) . I t enables us t o r e c o n c i l e the d i f f e r e n c e s between the f a m i l y l i s t i n g o b t a i n e d by Census i n 1967 and the present l i s t i n g . The concern i s w i t h new members l i v i n g w i t h the main f a m i l y who were not present i n e a r l y 1967. For a l l such persons, r e l a t e d or u n r e l a t e d , c i r c l e t h e i r l i n e number i n the l i s t i n g box. New babies are a l s o considered t o have "moved i n " and should be c i r c l e d .

B13-14 Has anyone moved out i n the l a s t year? Who-moved out?

Again, t h i s q u e s t i o n i s c r u c i a l f o r the Census sample respondents. People moving out should i n c l u d e u n r e l a t e d i n d i v i d u a l s as w e l l as r e l a t e d i n d i v i d u a l s , whether through d i v o r c e , d e a t h , f o r m i n g a new household, or whatever. I t i s e s p e c i a l l y i m p o r t a n t t h a t i n d i v i d u a l s aged 18+who moved out of households i n the Census p a r t o f the sample be accounted f o r , because we wish t o i n t e r v i e w them i n t h i s wave o f the study. A t the end of the i n t e r v i e w there i s a set o f q u e s t i o n s on the y e l l o w cover sheet which r e f e r s you back to t h i s q u e s t i o n t o check whether there are such persons who moved o u t . I f t h e r e a r e , you w i l l l i s t name and address i n the space p r o v i d e d and l a t e r t r a n s f e r them to the p i n k cover sheet. ( I t i s not necessary t o o b t a i n addresses o f those who have moved out f o r the Cross S e c t i o n sample, so these q u e s t i o n s have been o m i t t e d from the w h i t e cover sheet.) I n the case of moving out because o f d i v o r c e , we know t h a t we are a s k i n g something t h a t i s d i f f i c u l t , but t r y , w i t h as much t a c t as p o s s i b l e , t o get the new address o f the d i v o r c e e .

B16 Have you ( o r your w i f e ) ever a t t e n d e d any meetings of a p a r e n t -teacher o r g a n i z a t i o n ?

We are r e f e r r i n g t o o r g a n i z a t i o n s , u s u a l l y known as FTA, and not p r i v a t e conferences w i t h the teacher requested because the c h i l d has some s o r t of problem. Our purpose here i s t o f i n d o ut the degree o f concern and i n t e r e s t the R has f o r h i s c h i l d r e n ' s education* i t i s v o l u n t a r y p a r t i c i p a t i o n t h a t counts.

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B18-19 How much e d u c a t i o n do you t h i n k your c h i l d r e n w i l l have when they stop going t o school? What do you r e a l l y t h i n k w i l l happen?

Here we mean the number of years or grades the head expects them to f i n i s h . A l l o w R t o give one response f o r a l l the c h i l d r e n taken t o g e t h e r o r l e t him answer f o r each c h i l d i n d i v i d u a l l y . Note the probe, but do not probe too much, s i n c e i n a b i l i t y t o r e p l y does give us some i n f o r m a t i o n as t o the degree o f R's p l a n n i n g .

B20 Have you (HEAD) ever had any c h i l d r e n ?

This q u e s t i o n i s asked o n l y t o determine whether B21 i s a p p r o p r i a t e . Ask i f c h i l d r e n have not been mentioned p r e v i o u s l y , r e g a r d l e s s o f m a r i t a l s t a t u s .

B21 When was your (HEAD'S) f i r s t c h i l d born? (TO BE ASKED OF ALL HEADS WHO HAVE EVER HAD ANY CHILDREN)

This w i l l g i v e us a standard s o c i o l o g i c a l v a r i a b l e "age a t b i r t h of f i r s t c h i l d . " Be sure t o make c l e a r whether the f i g u r e i s age or date. The f i g u r e 30, f o r i n s t a n c e , might be e i t h e r 30 years o f age or 1930.

SECTION C: CARS

Some of you who have worked on the Survey of Consumers may note some s i m i l a r i t y between the s e c t i o n on cars i n t h i s q u e s t i o n n a i r e and t h a t o f the Survey of Consumers. Our gene r a l purpose here i s a b i t d i f f e r e n t , however. I n a d d i t i o n t o some f i n a n c i a l d e t a i l , we are i n t e r e s t e d i n the q u a l i t y o f the f a m i l y ' s t r a n s p o r t a t i o n or d i f f i c u l t i e s they have i f they don't own a car. Note a l s o t h a t the d e f i n i t i o n o f " c a r " i s expanded t o i n c l u d e any car or t r u c k a v a i l a b l e f o r the f a m i l y ' s personal use,

Cl A l t o g e t h e r , how many people are t h e r e i n your f a m i l y here who can d r i v e ?

We want the number who are able t o d r i v e and who have a l i c e n s e .

C2 Do you or anyone el s e i n the f a m i l y here own a car?

Because o f our d i f f e r e n t o b j e c t i v e s , we want t o broaden the d e f i n i t i o n o f car t o i n c l u d e t r u c k s of a l l d e s c r i p t i o n . But do exclude cars or other v e h i c l e s which are not usable or do not have c u r r e n t l i c e n s e p l a t e s . Of course, i f i n doubt, do i n c l u d e the v e h i c l e w i t h an e x p l a n a t i o n as t o i t s use.

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C3-4

C5

C7-9

CIO

C l l - 1 2

C15-16

25.

Does not having a car cause you (FAMILY) any d i f f i c u l t i e s ? What are they?

We want t o know whatever i s most s a l i e n t t o the respondent i n t h i s r e g a r d . I t may be a n y t h i n g from i n a b i l i t y t o get to a j o b to i n a b i l i t y t o get t o a d r i v e - i n movie. I f the respondent o f f e r s reasons why t h i s i s not a problem, r e c o r d t h a t also*. "No, there's good bus s e r v i c e . " "No, we have a m o t o r c y c l e , "

I s t h e r e p u b l i c t r a n s p o r t a t i o n w i t h i n w a l k i n g d i s t a n c e o f here t h a t i s adequate f o r you? P u b l i c t r a n s p o r t a t i o n excludes i n t e r c i t y c a r r i e r s such as Greyhound buses, unless the i n t e r c i t y buses or t r a i n s , etc.," a r e the ways t h a t one gets from a r u r a l area to the nearest area f o r shopping, e t c . G e n e r a l l y , p u b l i c t r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n c l u d e s t h i n g s l i k e the c i t y bus s e r v i c e , subway or o t h e r l o c a l t r a i n s e r v i c e s .

What year model i s i t ? What make o f car i s i t ? I s i t i n good, f a i r , or poor c o n d i t i o n ?

Here our o b j e c t i v e i s t o f i n d out the adequacy o f the f a m i l y ' s resources i n t r a n s p o r t a t i o n . I f the respondent o f f e r s a two-word answer t o the make o f car (Olds, F-85) r e c o r d i t , b u t a s i n g l e word i s acceptable.

Do you owe any money on i t ?

Because auto insurance can e i t h e r be i n c l u d e d i n car payments or p a i d f o r s e p a r a t e l y , we need two d i f f e r e n t sequences, s e l e c t e d on the basis o f t h i s q u e s t i o n .

I s t h a t car i n s u r e d ( How much dp you pay f o r your insurance?

By " i n s u r e d , " we mean a t l e a s t l i a b i l i t y i n s u r a n c e , whether or not t h e r e i s a l s o c o l l i s i o n insurance or o t h e r coverage. This i s i m p o r t a n t as a measure o f r i s k avoidance. The amount o f the payments i s added t o our committed payments measure. Be sure t o i n d i c a t e the frequency (monthly, q u a r t e r l y , y e a r l y ) as w e l l as the amount o f payments.

Do they i n c l u d e insurance? How much i s the insurance c o s t per year?

Here again we want t o know the amount of committed payments. I f R o f f e r s the i n f o r m a t i o n t h a t the car i s uninsured w r i t e "no i n s u r a n c e " i n C16.

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C17-18 Does the car you (HEAD) d r i v e most o f the time have seat b e l t s ? Do you have them fastened a l l the time w h i l e you are d r i v i n g , p a r t o f t he t i m e , or p r a c t i c a l l y none of the time?

The car the head d r i v e s most of the time may or may not be one o f the cars mentioned above; i t may be a v e h i c l e to which he has access o n l y d u r i n g the course of h i s j o b . T h i s i s a l l r i g h t i n the l i g h t o f the o b j e c t i v e of t h i s q u e s t i o n , which i s t o determine how much the respondent avoids r i s k . A car w i t h seat b e l t s i n l e f t f r o n t o n l y counts as having b e l t s .

C19 Do you or your f a m i l y do any r e p a i r work on your car?

The procedure i s c l e a r i f the response i s simply "yes" or "no." For responses such as "some," " o c c a s i o n a l l y , " and even " n o t much" you should c o n t i n u e on w i t h C20, s i n c e we are i n t e r e s t e d whether or not t h i s saved him a s u b s t a n t i a l sum or not.

020 What kinds of t h i n g s have you done on your c a r ( s ) i n the l a s t year?

We w i l l want t o code these f o r s k i l l l e v e l , so recor d a l l the d e t a i l the respondent o f f e r s . T y p i c a l responses are " p o i n t s and plugs and change the o i l , " "ground the v a l v e s , " "put i n new r i n g s and b e a r i n g s , " "overhauled t r a n s m i s s i o n , " " f i x e d brakes." I f i t becomes apparent t h a t someone d i d a g r e a t d e a l to a car such as b u i l d i n g a h o t rod or r e s t o r i n g an a n t i q u e , we don't need a mass of d e t a i l .

C21-23 I n the l a s t year do you t h i n k you saved more than S50 t h a t way? About how much do you t h i n k you saved? About how much time d i d t h a t take you?

Same o b j e c t i v e s as work around the house (see A20-24). Again the amount saved i s the d i f f e r e n c e between what i t cost him to do the j o b and what i t would have c o s t i f a garage had done i t . I t w i l l be equal t o the t o t a l c o s t i n a garage o n l y i f he d i d n ' t have t o buy any p a r t s . The time q u e s t i o n a p p l i e s t o the same work t h a t he saved money on. Thus we can get an approximate h o u r l y r a t e on t h i s do i t y o u r s e l f work.

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27.

SECTION D: DEBTS AND RESERVES

I n p r e v i o u s s e c t i o n s we have been d e v e l o p i n g v a r i o u s p a r t s of our measure of economic s t a t u s . On the income si d e we have asked ques­t i o n s to e s t i m a t e the value of work done around the home (money saved) so as t o add i t t o money income. On the o u t f l o w s i d e we have asked about r e g u l a r payments f o r housing and c a r s . Here we ask a cleanup q u e s t i o n t o get r e g u l a r payments which the respondent makes f o r o t h e r t h i n g s . We a l s o ask about medical insurance and about the amount of s a v i n g a v a i l a b l e i n case o f emergency.

Dl-2 We have t a l k e d about homes and c a r s . Do you ( F a m i l y ) make any r e g u l a r payments f o r ot h e r t h i n g s you have bought? About how much do you pay each month?

As mentioned above t h i s i s a cleanup q u e s t i o n so we d o n 1 t want t o i n c l u d e t h i n g s we have a l r e a d y measured i n the housing and car s e c t i o n s . I t i s p o s s i b l e , however, t h a t the respondent i s making payments f o r a summer c o t t a g e or a motor c y c l e or a non-mortgage home loan which were not i n c l u d e d p r e v i o u s l y and should be i n c l u d e d here. Other t h i n g s f o r which the f a m i l y might be making payments are household a p p l i a n c e s , a T.V., r e v o l v i n g charge accounts a t a department s t o r e , medica1 expenses, edu c a t i o n a 1 expenses, o r persona 1 loan which may have gone f o r any number of purposes. I f the respon­dent mentions more than one payment, use the space above Dl to add them and r e c o r d the d i f f e r e n t purposes the money was used f o r i f o f f e r e d .

I f the respondent s t a t e s t h a t he has lump sum debt or debts on which he does not make r e g u l a r payments, note t h i s i n the space above Dl w i t h any i n f o r m a t i o n about the purpose f o r which the debt was i n c u r r e d when o f f e r e d . We do not ask about payments on debts not connected w i t h purchases, s i n c e they are u s u a l l y s m a l l .

D3 Are you (Head) covered by some h o s p i t a l or me d i c a l insurance l i k e Blue Cross?

I f the respondent i s covered by standard Blue Cross, Blue S h i e l d , Major M e d i c a l , or othe r c o n t r i b u t o r y m edical i n s u r a n c e the answer w i l l be a s t r a i g h t f o r w a r d "Yes" and you should c o n t i n u e on w i t h D4. Medical payment p r o v i s i o n s i n auto insurance do not count* they are too r e s t r i c t e d i n coverage.

R may, however, e x p l a i n t h a t he has b e n e f i t s such as workmen's compensation, Medicare, veteran's medical b e n e f i t s , or v a r i o u s programs a v a i l a b l e to w e l f a r e r e c i p i e n t s , a l l o f which are non-c o n t r i b u t o r y . I n these cases, w r i t e down what R says i n the space above the boxes f o r D4 and D5 and then ask both o f these q u e s t i o n s .

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28.

DA (ASK. ONLY I F 2 OR MORE PEOPLE IN FAMILY)

Does t h i s insurance cover the e n t i r e f a m i l y ?

Answers may i n some cases be o f the s o r t : " A l l but my son who i s over 18." W r i t e such an answer below the box. But a "yes" or "no" w i l l do.

D5 (ASK I F NO INSURANCE OR NOT CLEAR. SEE D3)

Can you get f r e e medical care i n any way such as from Medicare, Medicaid, or as a veteran?

From t h i s q u e s t i o n , i n c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h D3, we want t o be able t o t e l l whether the f a m i l y can cope w i t h a s e r i o u s i l l n e s s or a c c i d e n t w i t h o u t f i n a n c i a l d i s a s t e r . We are a l s o i n t e r e s t e d i n the d i s t i n c t i o n between insurance programs which i n v o l v e some i n i t i a t i v e on the p a r t of the respondent and f r e e programs over which he has no c o n t r o l . ( I n i t i a t i v e may be i n the respondent's choice of a j o b w i t h medical f r i n g e b e n e f i t s . ) H o p e f u l l y h i s answer t o t h i s q u e s t i o n w i l l c l a r i f y the s i t u a t i o n i f h i s answer t o D3 i s u n c l e a r . Medicaid and most veteran's care are a v a i l a b l e o n l y t o those w i t h low incomes, but accept the respondent's i n t e r ­p r e t s t i o n .

D6 Do you ( F a m i l y ) have any sa v i n g s , such as checking or savings accounts or government bonds?

We are i n t e r e s t e d i n money a v a i l a b l e f o r a " r a i n y day." This can a l s o i n c l u d e money hidden i n the house and stocks t h a t can be r e a d i l y s o l d .

D7-8 Would they amount t o as much as two months' income or more? ( I F NO) Was there a time i n the l a s t f i v e years when you had as much as 2 months' income saved up?

I f he has d i f f i c u l t y w i t h the income comparison but does o f f e r a d o l l a r amount we can make the comparison when we code the q u e s t i o n . The savings should i n c l u d e those of a l l members o f the f a m i l y i n the DU anJL exclude those o f anyone not l i v i n g t h e r e .

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SECTION E: FOOD AND CLOTHING

Many of the q u e s t i o n s i n t h i s s e c t i o n are new w i t h t h i s s t u d y . We are concerned p r i m a r i l y w i t h the e f f i c i e n c y o f use o f resources i n the home. Since t h i s i s u s u a l l y the domain o f the w i f e or o t h e r a d u l t female i n the home i t w i l l be d e s i r a b l e f o r her t o be p r e s e n t when t h i s s e c t i o n i s asked. She can answer the q u e s t i o n s h e r s e l f or h e l p w i t h the d e t a i l s .

E l Now I have a few q u e s t i o n s about food and c l o t h i n g . About how many times a week do you ( F a m i l y ) eat out a t r e s t a u r a n t s and d r i v e - i n s ?

This q u e s t i o n i s m a i n l y an opener f o r E2 so you needn't worry about p r o b i n g t o get a p r e c i s e answer here. Answers such as " t w i c e a week," "almost never," "my husband eats h i s lunches a t a c a f e t e r i a , " "we go out as a f a m i l y about once a month" are a l l a c c e p t a b l e .

E2 About how much do you ( F a m i l y ) spend i n a week e a t i n g o u t , i n c l u d i n g lunches a t work ( o r a t school)?

We want here the c o s t o f . a l l meals purchased away f_rom home by the f a m i l y or i n d i v i d u a l s i n the f a m i l y . You may need to use the margin t o f i g u r e out and add up the v a r i o u s components - school lunches, r e s t a u r a n t s , e t c . The "week" here i s the "average week" which excludes v a c a t i o n s , unusual t r i p s , wedding r e c e p t i o n s and the l i k e . We w i l l use the f i g u r e , a l o n g w i t h the o t h e r food b i l l q u e s t i o n s , t o get an e s t i m a t e o f the t o t a l amount spent on food. The makings f o r lunches prepared a t home t o be c a r r i e d t o school or work are u s u a l l y i n c l u d e d i n the o r d i n a r y grocery b i l l and thus t h e i r c o s t should be excluded from t h i s f i g u r e .

E3-4 Do you have any o f your m i l k d e l i v e r e d t o your door? ( I F YES) About how much do you ( F a m i l y ) spend on t h a t i n a week or month?

Thi s i s another c o r r e c t i o n f a c t o r f o r the food b i l l . I f they have t h e i r m i l k d e l i v e r e d t o the door t h i s f i g u r e w i l l be added t o the amount they spend a t the supermarket. I f they don't have i t d e l i v e r e d , the c o s t o f m i l k w i l l o r d i n a r i l y be i n c l u d e d i n the answers t o Q. "E5,

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E5 About how much do you spend on a l l the ( o t h e r ) food you use a t home?

This f i g u r e should i n c l u d e the main weekly b i l l a t the supermarket p l u s any o t h e r amounts spent on g r o c e r i e s d u r i n g the week.

There w i l l be some cases where the f a m i l y i s r e c e i v i n g food stamps. Sometimes they are f r e e and i n o t h e r cases the f a m i l y pays p a r t o f the c o s t . We need a t l e a s t the amount t h a t the f a m i l y spends on the stamps. "We pay $20 a month f o r food stamps" i s an adequate answer. An answer such as "We get $52 w o r t h o f food stamps f o r $30^ i s h e l p f u l i f t he respondent o f f e r s i t . The amount saved by food stamps i s a l s o t o be r e p o r t e d l a t e r i n q u e s t i o n J32-33. I f the respondent spends money on food i n a d d i t i o n t o food stamps, t h a t should be i n c l u d e d i n the answer t o E5.

E6-7 How about a l c o h o l i c beverages, how much do you (Family) spend on t h a t i n an average week? I s t h a t i n c l u d e d i n the food b i l l ?

A l c o h o l i c beverages - beer, wine, whiskey - are not food so we w i l l s u b t r a c t them out i f they have been i n c l u d e d i n the food b i l l . This i s t o be done here i n Ann Arbor.

This q u e s t i o n doesn't seem t o bother non-drinkers who can simply say " I don't d r i n k " or "none." Other people d r i n k a l o t and admit i t f r e e l y .

E8-10 Do any o f you smoke? About how many c i g a r e t t e s do you (Family) smoke i n a day or week? I s t h a t i n c l u d e d i n the food b i l l ?

C i g a r e t t e s are a l s o o f t e n i n c l u d e d i n the food b i l l and we want t o be a b l e t o s u b t r a c t them out ( a g a i n the s u b t r a c t i o n w i l l be done i n Ann A r b o r ) . Note t h a t the q u e s t i o n asks f o r a f a m i l y t o t a l . You may r e c o r d e i t h e r a simple t o t a l or a compound answer such as " I smoke a pack a day, my w i f e smokes about 1/2 a pack." Be sure to s p e c i f y whether i t i s c i g a r e t t e s , packs or c a r t o n s .

I n view of the Surgeon General's Report, we may a l s o i n c l u d e smoking as a n e g a t i v e component i n our r i s k avoidance index. We do not ask about c i g a r s or pipes.

E l l - 1 3 Are t h e r e any s p e c i a l ways t h a t you t r y t o keep the food b i l l down? What s p e c i a l ways do you have f o r keeping the food b i l l down? A n y t h i n g else?

There w i l l be many types of answers t o t h i s q u e s t i o n , from "shopping a t s a l e s " t o v a r i o u s ways o f managing the budget, u s i n g l e f t o v e r s , c asseroles and u s i n g vegetable p r o t e i n s such as beans. The f a m i l y may a l s o r a i s e some o f i t s own food or preserve or freeze food. Some may get a s u b s t a n t i a l amount o f meat from h u n t i n g or f i s h i n g . The w i f e ' s answers w i l l be e s p e c i a l l y h e l p f u l f o r the meal p l a n n i n g type answers.

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E14 How much o f the time does the f a m i l y s i t down t o eat the main meal o f the dav together?

The main purpose of t h i s q u e s t i o n i s t o get an i d e a , however l i m i t e d , o f how w e l l the f a m i l y f u n c t i o n s t o g e t h e r as a u n i t . O r g a n i z a t i o n t o the p o i n t of havi n g r e g u l a r meals t o g e t h e r should be an i n d i c a t i o n o f t h i s .

E15-18 Do you have s p e c i a l ways o f s a v i n g on c l o t h i n g costs? What are they? Did you (Family) save more than $50 on your c l o t h i n g b i l l t h i s way l a s t year? About how much d i d you save t h i s way i n the l a s t year?

Again, the r e p l i e s o f the w i f e or a d u l t female a re h e l p f u l here. Saving money can i n c l u d e r e d u c t i o n i n t o t a l purchases, sewing, pur­chasing a t s a l e s , buying a t v a r i o u s n o n p r o f i t o u t l e t s , use o f "hand-me-downs," e t c . I f R mentions t h a t someone i n the f a m i l y sews but something o t h e r than c l o t h e s are made, e.g., d r a p e r i e s , c u r t a i n s , s l i p c o v e r s , e t c . , they should be i n c l u d e d here, as w e l l . Again, the $50 t h r e s h h o l d i s t o av o i d a s k i n g f o r a d o l l a r amount except i n cases where i t ' s l a r g e enough to be i m p o r t a n t . An answer t o the nearest $50 i s acceptable.

SECTION F: OCCUPATION

F l Are you working now, unemployed, r e t i r e d , or what?

Working now or l a i d o f f o n l y t e m p o r a r i l y :

This i n c l u d e s a l l persons who have an employer (or are self-employed) and are working now or reasonably l i k e l y t o r e t u r n t o work i n the near f u t u r e . The l a t t e r c ategory may i n c l u d e those who are home s i c k or t e m p o r a r i l y d i s a b l e d , those out on s t r i k e , and those who have been l a i d o f f but know they w i l l be going back t o work soon-

Unemployed:

A l l persons who are not now working and do not have an employer t o whom they know they w i l l r e t u r n . Such a person must be i n the market f o r a j o b though not n e c e s s a r i l y a c t i v e l y so. I f the respondent i s t e m p o r a r i l y s i c k or d i s a b l e d but w i l l be i n the market f o r a j o b i n the f u t u r e he should be asked the unemployed sequence.

R e t i r e d , Housewife, or Student:

Persons t o t a l l y and permanently d i s a b l e d are considered t o be r e t i r e d A housewife who i s the head o f the household i s t o be i n c l u d e d i n the category o n l y i f she i s n e i t h e r employed nor l o o k i n g f o r work, o t h e r ­wise she should be asked the employed or unemployed s e c t i o n s i n s t e a d . I f a Student i s working more than h a l f time (20 hours a week, 1000 hours a y e a r ) , he should be asked the employed s e c t i o n .

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F2(G1,H2) What i s your main occupation? What do you do when you work? What k i n d of work d i d you do when you worked?

Sections F,G,H r e f e r t o Head o f the f a m i l y . 1. Probe f o r a c l e a r , complete answer. 2. The name of the place a t which R a c t u a l l y works i s an i n s u f f i c i e n t

response t o the o c c u p a t i o n q u e s t i o n ( e . g . , i f R works i n a bank he may be the manager, a t e l l e r , or the j a n i t o r ) .

3. Job t i t l e s a t the lower end of the o c c u p a t i o n a l scale are l i k e l y t o be less d e s c r i p t i v e than they are f o r p r o f e s s i o n a l s . Try t o a v o i d vague job t i t l e s which may apply t o a wide range o f occupations a) For example, i f R t e l l s you t h a t he i s an engineer, he may

i ) design b r i d g e s or a i r p l a n e s i i ) operate a r a i l r o a d l ocomotive

i i i ) tend an engine i n a power p l a n t or i v ) shovel c o a l i n t o a furnace.

We o b v i o u s l y need more s p e c i f i c i n f o r m a t i o n than "engineer" here, so t h a t a d i s t i n c t i o n between s k i l l e d and s e m i - s k i l l e d and u n s k i l l e d workers can be made, which i s our o b j e c t i v e .

4. I f the Head i s unemployed or r e t i r e d , we need t o know what he d i d when he worked, w i t h the above d e t a i l .

5. P a r t i c u l a r l y unacceptable answers aire: Factory worker C o n s t r u c t i o n worker D r i v e r ( o f what?) Engineer (what does he do_ i n h i s job?) Nurse ( r e g i s t e r e d , p r a c t i c a l , or what?) S a i l o r ( o f f i c e r , e n l i s t e d man, deck hand, or what?)

F4 Do you work f o r someone e l s e , y o u r s e l f , or what?

Do not assume t h a t R i s self-employed or n o t . Ask the q u e s t i o n , i t may h e l p us t o be sure we get a l l h i s j o b s .

F5 How i m p o r t a n t i s i t f o r you to make your own d e c i s i o n s on a job? &

G29 We want here not an i n d i c a t i o n o f how much the i n d i v i d u a l does make d e c i s i o n s on h i s c u r r e n t j o b , but a measure of i n t e n s i t y o f the importance t o him o f making such d e c i s i o n s . R e p l i e s such as "some­what," " I wouldn't take a j o b unless I could make d e c i s i o n s , " are s u i t a b l e r e p l i e s t o t h i s q u e s t i o n . " I don't make any d e c i s i o n s on my j o b , " i s not an adequate r e p l y , however.

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F6 How l o n g have you,been w o r k i n g f o r your p r e s e n t employer?

Employer i n t h i s q u e s t i o n means "The New York C i t y P u b l i c School System" or the "General E l e c t r i c C o r p o r a t i o n . " I f an i n d i v i d u a l has worked a l l over the c o u n t r y and r e c e i v e d numerous promotions and r e l o c a t i o n s over the years w i t h the General E l e c t r i c Corpora­t i o n , we co n s i d e r him t o have worked f o r the same employer the whole ti m e . However, the same j o b , say school teacher, w i t h a d i f f e r e n t s chool system i s not the same employer. The purpose here i s t o get a measure o f the steadiness o f the head's employment.

F7 What happened t o the j o b you had be f o r e d i d the company f o l d , & were you l a i d o f f , or what? G5

For some young respondents, t h i s q u e s t i o n may be i r r e l e v a n t , s i n c e they may have j u s t r e c e n t l y e n t e red the l a b o r f o r c e . R e p l i e s more p o s i t i v e than the a l t e r n a t i v e s g i v e n are c e r t a i n l y a c c e p t a b l e : " I q u i t t o take a b e t t e r j o b , " " I wanted t o move t o C a l i f o r n i a . " The " j o b b e f o r e " r e f e r s t o a d i f f e r e n t employer, not a d i f f e r e n t j o b f o r the same company.

F8 Would you say your present job i s b e t t e r than the one you had before?

I t may be b e t t e r or worse because o f w o r k i n g c o n d i t i o n s , type o f work, pay, or what have you. These f a c t o r s may even go i n o p p o s i t e d i r e c ­t i o n s . Thus, "Worse, but i t pays more" would be an acc e p t a b l e response. I f the respondent does not mention comparative pay s p e c i ­f i c a l l y t h a n you should ask F9.

F9 Does i t pay more than the pr e v i o u s job?

The term "pay more" can mean t h a t the h o u r l y r a t e i s h i g h e r , the annual s a l a r y i s h i g h e r , or t h a t the j o b enables one t o work longer hours and t h e r e f o r e earn more money. I f R asks, i n a case where he switched jobs s e v e r a l years ago, we are i n t e r e s t e d i n a comparison on the b a s i s o f what h i s p r e v i o u s j o b would pay now.

F10 How many d i f f e r e n t employers have you had i n the l a s t t en years? _ G6 " D i f f e r e n t employers" does not mean working f o r one company i n a

number o f branches or p l a n t s . I t can mean havi n g the same j o b w i t h a d i f f e r e n t company, however.

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F l l - 1 2 Have you ever moved out o f a community where you were l i v i n g i n o r d e r & G7-8 t o take a j o b somewhere else? ( I F NO) Have you ever turn e d down a

job because you d i d n ' t want t o move?

There are two key phrases i n t h i s q u e s t i o n . "Moved out o f a community where you were l i v i n g " means moving f a r enough to be out of easy c o n t a c t w i t h f r i e n d s i n the o l d neighborhood This may be a move t o the o t h e r side of a c i t y or across the c o u n t r y . " I n order t o take another j o b " means j u s t t h a t . We are not i n t e r e s t e d here i n moves he made i f he d i d not change h i s j o b a t the same time. Moving t o take another p o s i t i o n w i t h the same company does count i n t h i s i n s t a n c e , however. You may accept simple "Yes" and "No" answers at face value and needn't probe to v e r i f y the k i n d of move.

F13 How good would a j o b have t o be before you would b e . w i l l i n g t o St move somewhere els e i n order t o get i t ?

G10 Again, t h i s i s a move t h a t would be a s s o c i a t e d w i t h changing jobs and which means b r e a k i n g t i e s w i t h h i s c u r r e n t neighborhood. Answers t o t h i s q u e s t i o n are l i k e l y t o come i n s e v e r a l d i f f e r e n t frames o f r e f e r e n c e and some w i l l r e q u i r e a c l a r i f y i n g probe such as "Why i s t h a t ? " Answers such as " I t would have t o be a j o b I l i k e d and pay enough more t o cover moving expense" or " I ' d move anywhere i f I co u l d get a j o b d r i v i n g a t r u c k " are c l e a r enough as they stand. Others such as " I wouldn't r e a l l y c o n s i d e r moving" could w e l l do w i t h a probe. I f i n doubt probe. Comparisons w i t h the present j o b are h e l p f u l .

F14 Do you have plans t o t r y f o r a new j o b or l i n e of work, or w i l l you keep the job you have now?

A new j o b or l i n e o f work c o u l d be w i t h the same employer, a d i f f e r e n t employer, or plans f o r self-employment. Our purpose here i s t o determine whether or not R hopes t o advance on a j o b or i f he i s r e s i g n e d to or c o n t e n t w i t h what he i s c u r r e n t l y doing.

F15-19 What k i n d of j o b do you have i n mind? How much might you earn? Would you have to get a d d i t i o n a l t r a i n i n g t o q u a l i f y ? Have you been d o i n g a n y t h i n g i n p a r t i c u l a r about i t ? What have you done?

A l l o f these questions are designed t o g i v e us some f e e l f o r the amount of s e r i o u s p l a n n i n g and t h i n k i n g t h a t R has been doing about g e t t i n g another j o b . I f he responds w i t h vague r e p l i e s to these q u e s t i o n s do not probe f o r s p e c i f i c responses since such f o r c e d r e p l i e s would probably be meaningless.

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F20 How much do you l i k e a job where you are t o l d e x a c t l y what t o do? &

G16 Here we want an i n t e n s i t y of f e e l i n g response, such as "very much," " I would never take a j o b where I wasn't t o l d e x a c t l y what t o do," or " I c o u l d n 1 t stand i t . " Note t h a t t h i s i s almost the o pposite of F5 (or G29). I f the r e p l i e s seem i n c o n s i s t e n t t o you, leave them and by no means t r y t o f o r c e R t o r e c o n c i l e these i n c o n s i s t e n c i e s .

F21-22 , Would you have any t r o u b l e g e t t i n g another j o b i f you wanted one? G l l - 1 2 Why i s t h a t ?

This q u e s t i o n may p i c k up behavior about which we are r e l u c t a n t t o ask d i r e c t q u e s t i o n s : whether he i s a h i g h r i s k because of f r e q u e n t i n d u s t r i a l a c c i d e n t s or has had h i s wages garnishee^ too f r e q u e n t l y ; whether he has a p o l i c e r e c o r d or evidences o f o t h e r a n t i s o c i a l behavior. Or i t may get more usual r e p o r t s o f no s k i l l , or too s p e c i a l i z e d a type of t r a i n i n g . Do not probe here.

F23-24 > Have you ever had an i l l n e s s or a c c i d e n t t h a t l a i d you up f o r a G17-18 month or more? When was t h a t ?

By " l a i d you up" we mean prevented him or her from working. "When was t h a t ? " r e f e r s t o the most r e c e n t time.

F25-26> Do you have a p h y s i c a l or nervous c o n d i t i o n t h a t l i m i t s the type G19-20, of work or the amount o f work you can do? How much does i t l i m i t H l l - 1 2 your work?

Our r e a l concern here i s whether or not the person's d i s a b i l i t y a f f e c t s the f a m i l y ' s economic s i t u a t i o n , by r e d u c i n g the amount the i n d i v i d u a l can earn or by r e q u i r i n g a d d i t i o n a l expenses. Hence, we are not i n t e r e s t e d i n the d i s a b i l i t y per se, but o n l y i n the l i m i t a t i o n s and r e s t r i c t i o n s i t puts on the i n d i v i d u a 1 i n s o f a r as wo r k i n g f o r money or c a r r y i n g on everyday a c t i v i t i e s are concerned. Some i n d i v i d u a l s may be o b v i o u s l y handicapped but s t a t e t h a t t h e i r c o n d i t i o n does not l i m i t t h e i r work. This i s okay, do not press R to make him t e l l you t h a t he has a p h y s i c a l handicap. I f a d i s ­a b i l i t y o b v i o u s l y has a very s e r i o u s e f f e c t on the f a m i l y ' s economic sta tus you should e x p l a i n t h i s i n the thumbna i l .

F27-28 » Are t h e r e times when you are l a t e g e t t i n g t o work? About how G21-22 o f t e n does t h a t happen?

This q u e s t i o n gets a t a s m a l l m a n i f e s t a t i o n o f how c o n s c i e n t i o u s the respondent i s about h i s work. I f he o f f e r s an e x p l a n a t i o n f o r a "No" answer, w r i t e i t down.

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F29-30, Are there times when you don't go t o work a t a l l even though you G23-24 are not s i c k ? How o f t e n does t h a t happen?

This i s another aspect of conscientiousness on the j o b . Accept the respondents answer - don't probe. Response may range from "the f i r s t day o f f i s h i n g season" t o "whenever I s t o r e up a couple of s i c k days." But i f he gives some s p e c i a l reason t h a t e x p l a i n s , put i t down.

F31-32, Have you ever been out of a j o b or on s t r i k e f o r two months or G25-26 more a t one time? When was the l a s t time t h a t happened?

I f R asks, by " o u t o f a j o b " we mean co m p l e t e l y w i t h o u t work - we want t o f i n d out whether or not R has been c o m p l e t e l y w i t h o u t work f o r what m i g h t w e l l be a d i s a s t r o u s l y long p e r i o d of time. Otherwise, accept R's answer and then note a n y t h i n g he mentions about i n t e r i m employment w h i l e o f f from h i s main j o b .

F33 I n the l a s t year, how many days were you unemployed, l a i d o f f , or w i t h o u t work?

Again, unemployed means completely w i t h o u t work. However, you should accept h i s answer and then note any a d d i t i o n a l i n f o r m a t i o n he o f f e r s about i n t e r i m employment. I f R r e p l i e s i n terms o f weeks, you w i l l have t o ask him how many days he l o s t from work.

F34 How many days o f work d i d you miss on your main j o b i n the l a s t year because you were s i c k or o t h e r w i s e unable t o work?

Weather, i l l n e s s of c h i l d r e n , death i n the f a m i l y , or even not f e e l i n g l i k e going t o work should a l l be considered as reasons why one was unable t o work. This does not i n c l u d e the days when the respondent was unemployed which have a l r e a d y been counted i n F33.

F35 About how many weeks o f v a c a t i o n d i d you take l a s t year?

Be sure to s p e c i f y whether the f i g u r e R gives i s days or weeks. A r e p l y such as "1/2 a week" i s adequate, as i s "3 days." Vacation t i m e , unemployment, and s i c k time w i l l a l l be s u b t r a c t e d from t o t a l time i n the year to get the t o t a l time he worked i n 1967.

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Then how many weeks d i d you a c t u a l l y work on your main job in. 1967?

"Weeks a c t u a l l y worked" means a f t e r d e d u c t i o n f o r v a c a t i o n s , sickness and unemployment. For i n s t a n c e i f R were n e i t h e r s i c k nor unemployed d u r i n g 1967 but took a two-week v a c a t i o n , the number o f weeks a c t u a l l y worked should be "50." I f he were s i c k f o r 2 1/2 weeks and took a 2-week v a c a t i o n , the number o f weeks a c t u a l l y worked should be "47 1/2.

Do you have a standard workweek on your main job?

Some people have very w e l l d e f i n e d work weeks, u s u a l l y about 40 hours, and a n y t h i n g over t h a t i s ove r t i m e . For such persons, the sequence F38-40 i s the s i m p l e s t way o f g e t t i n g the hours worked per week and the amount o f overtime hours, i f any. Others, o f t e n those who work i n s m a l l companies, w i l l have a workweek t h a t v a r i e s w i t h the amount of work to be done. I n such cases t h e r e i s o f t e n no c l e a r d i s t i n c t i o n between r e g u l a r time and overtime so we ask o n l y about the time worked "on the average," see Q. F41.

( I F STANDARD WORKWEEK) How many hours a week i s t h a t ? Did you have any overtime or e x t r a work on your main job? How many hours d i d t h a t amount t o l a s t year?

The answers t o t h e f i r s t q u e s t i o n may be something l i k e "40 hours but I u s u a l l y get 6 hours o v e r t i m e ; " hence, w r i t e down "40 and u s u a l l y 6 o v e r t i m e , " and then i n F40 f i n d out how much ove r t i m e i n a c t u a l hours he had l a s t year. Some m u l t i p l i c a t i o n may be necessary here.

( I F NO STANDARD WORKWEEK) On the average, how many hours a week d i d you work on your main job l a s t year?

To get the t o t a l hours worked on the main j o b i n 1967, f o r those w i t h no standard workweek we w i l l m u l t i p l y weeks worked (F36) by hours worked per week on the average (F41). I f t h i s i s awkward f o r R and he p r e f e r s t o g i v e the t o t a l number of hours worked i n 1967 d i r e c t l y , t h i s i s okay; j u s t g i v e an e x p l a n a t i o n i n the margin.

Did you have any ot h e r j o b s , or any o t h e r ways o f making money i n a d d i t i o n t o your main job? What d i d you do? A n y t h i n g else? About how much d i d you make per hour f o r t h i s ?

I f R i s r e l u c t a n t t o i n d i c a t e what he d i d on h i s second j o b , do not pressure him i n t o a response. What we are r e a l l y i n t e r e s t e d i n i s the amount of time spent on t h i s second j o b and h i s r e m u n e r a t i o n f o r i t . I f R f i n d s i t d i f f i c u l t t o r e c a l l on the spot how many hours he worked on h i s second j o b , ask him f i r s t how many weeks he worked a t h i s second j o b , and about how many hours per week he worked on t h i s second j o b . Make sure, i f you are i n doubt, t h a t these hours are not a l r e a d y counted i n r e p l y t o hours spent on the main j o b .

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F47-50 Could you have worked more i f you had wanted t o i n 1967? Would you have l i k e d to work more? Could you have worked less i f you had wanted to? Would you have p r e f e r r e d l e s s work even i f you earned l e s s money?

We want to know how much freedom R has t o determine h i s hours o f work and whether or not he l i k e d the number of hours t h a t he worked l a s t year. "Could you" means " d i d you have the freedom t o work more hours" or "was t h e r e more work a v a i l a b l e t h a t R could have done." "Would you have l i k e d ( p r e f e r r e d ) " means "Would you have changed your work hours i f you had had the o p p o r t u n i t y ? " Thus we assume t h a t those who answer "Yes" t o both o f the " c o u l d you" questions had a f r e e choice as t o how much they worked and are s a t i s f i e d w i t h t h e i r c u r r e n t hours o f work. For those who d i d not have a f r e e choice we ask what they would have chosen i f they had had the o p p o r t u n i t y .

SECTION G: UNEMPLOYED

Gl See F2

G2-4 See F36-41

G5 See F7

G6 See F10

G7-8 See F l l - 1 2

G9 Do you t h i n k you w i l l be able t o f i n d steady work around here, or w i l l you have t o move? .

The o b j e c t i v e here, i s t o get the respondent's impression of the l o c a l l a b o r market c o n d i t i o n s . " W i l l you have t o move," the l a s t o f the q u e s t i o n , does not mean t o ask i f R i s a c t u a l l y going to move, but whether or not he perceives t h a t he would have t o move t o get steady work.

G l l - 1 2 See F21-22, even though the wording d i f f e r s s l i g h t l y .

G13 How many places do you have your name i n f o r a job?

We are t r y i n g t o f i n d o ut the amount of e f f o r t being put i n t o s e c u r i n g employment. The number of places mentioned by R should be i n t e r p r e t e d t o mean the number of places where he t h i n k s he c u r r e n t l y has h i s name i n f o r a j o b .

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G14-15 Have you a p p l i e d f o r a j o b anywhere i n the l a s t 2 weeks? How many places d i d you apply?

Again, the o b j e c t i v e i s the amount o f a c t i v i t y R i s p u t t i n g f o r t h t o t r y t o f i n d a new j o b . "Places" r e f e r s e i t h e r t o a c t u a l places where one can work or t o employment agencies, p r i v a t e or p u b l i c .

G16 See F20

G17-18 See F23-24

G19-20 See F25-26

G21-22 See F27-28, even though the word i n g d i f f e r s s l i g h t l y .

G23-24 See F29-30, even though the w o r d i n g d i f f e r s s l i g h t l y .

G25-26 See F31-32. The " l a s t time" here may be R's c u r r e n t seige o f unemployment.

G27-28 Are t h e r e jobs around here t h a t j u s t a r e n ' t w o r t h t a k i n g ? & How much do they pay?

H9-10 We want t o know what l e v e l of pay the respondent c o n s i d e r s t o be unacceptable. An a f f i r m a t i v e answer may be s i m p l y "Yes" or he may mention a j o b such as "car wash." You should then ask G28. He may r e p l y , however, "There j u s t a r e n ' t any jobs i n the area," which i s an adequate r e p l y t o G27, and i n which case G28 need n o t be asked.

G29 See F5. We r e a l i z e t h a t sometimes i t may not be the pay, but the w o r k i n g c o n d i t i o n s t h a t are bad.

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SECTION H: RETIRED, HOUSEWIFE, OR STUDENT

Durin g the l a s t year (1967) d i d you do any work f o r money? What k i n d o f work d i d you do when you worked? (What was your occupation?)

See F2 f o r a s u i t a b l e r e p l y t o the occupation q u e s t i o n . Note t h a t we ask the oc c u p a t i o n o n l y o f those who worked i n 1967. For those who are r e t i r e d from a p r e v i o u s j o b , t h i s means what they d i d l a s t year, and not what they were doing a t the time they r e t i r e d .

See F36-41, remembering t h a t our o b j e c t i v e i s the number of hours t h a t R a c t u a l l y worked i n 1967.

Are you t h i n k i n g about going t o work? How many places do you have your name i n f o r a job? Have you a p p l i e d f o r a j o b anywhere i n the l a s t two weeks?

Even though these q u e s t i o n s might be somewhat i n a p p r o p r i a t e f o r those students who may not have worked l a s t year and who do not p l a n t o work i n the immediate f u t u r e , do ask them, so t h a t we can get a measure o f the plans f o r a l l those heads o f households who are c u r r e n t l y not working. Also see G13-15.

See G27-28.

See F25-26.

SECTION I : MARITAL STATUS, EMPLOYMENT OF WIFE

Are you m a r r i e d , s i n g l e , widowed, d i v o r c e d , or separated?

This r e f e r s t o the c u r r e n t s t a t u s o f the head o f the f a m i l y . There are l i k e l y t o be some s i n g l e women w i t h c h i l d r e n and marrie d women w i t h no husband i n evidence, but accept whatever answer the respondent g i v e s .

Have you ever been married? When were you f i r s t married?

Be sure t h a t you ask I 2 f o r a l l those who are c u r r e n t l y s i n g l e , and I 3 i f a p p r o p r i a t e . I f the respondent answers "Yes" t o I 2, he p r o b a b l y should have answered "widowed, d i v o r c e d , or separated" t o I 1. You needn't change t h i s y o u r s e l f unless the respondent v o l u n t e e r s the i n f o r m a t i o n a f t e r being asked I 2.

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I 4-5 For how long? When were you f i r s t married?

I f R has been widowed, d i v o r c e d , or separated more than one ti m e , the " f o r how lon g " query r e f e r s t o the most r e c e n t t i m e . However, the marriage q u e s t i o n r e f e r s t o the most d i s t a n t m a r r i a g e , i . e . , the f i r s t husband or w i f e .

I 6-8 ( I f s i n g l e , widowed, e t c . , and c h i l d r e n under 12 and Head wo r k i n g ) How were the c h i l d r e n taken care o f w h i l e you were working? About how much d i d t h a t c o s t you l a s t year?

The "CHILDREN UNDER 12" means any c h i l d r e n i n the household whether or not they are the Head's n a t u r a l c h i l d r e n . I n some cases there may be an e x t r a a d u l t i n the household who i s the obvious one t o take care o f the c h i l d r e n w h i l e the head i s w o r k i n g . You should ask the q u e s t i o n s anyway. The cos t of c h i l d care w i l l be counted as a c o s t of e a r n i n g income i n our a n a l y s i s .

I 9-10 See F l - 2 .

I 11-12 See F36-41.

I 13-15 CHECK BOX, How were your c h i l d r e n taken care of- w h i l e your -wife was working? About how much d i d t h a t c o s t you l a s t year?

Note the i m p l i c i t assumption o f the check box - t h a t the head of the f a m i l y as w e l l as the w i f e was wo r k i n g . I n case the head i s not work­i n g , we would p r e f e r to ask the q u e s t i o n and get the obvious answer t h a t he cares f o r them ( i n which case you can s k i p the cose q u e s t i o n ) than miss a few cases where someone el s e i s paid t o care f o r the c h i l d r e n .

I 21-23 I s t h i s your (HEAD'S) f i r s t marriage? When were you married? When were you (HEAD) m a r r i e d f o r the f i r s t time? These qu e s t i o n s are f o r background purposes. Be sure t o s p e c i f y whether you are r e c o r d i n g the head's age or the calendar year.

I 24-27 CHECK BOX, Do you expect t o have any more c h i l d r e n ? When do you t h i n k you might have another c h i l d ? How sure are you t h a t you won't have any (more) c h i l d r e n ?

Family p l a n n i n g or l a c k of i t i s one o f t h i s study's most i m p o r t a n t measures o f f o r e s i g h t and p l a n n i n g , as w e l l as degree o f r i s k t a k i n g . You do not need to probe f o r r e p l i e s to I 26, "when do you t h i n k you might have another c h i l d " since the "don't know" response i n i t s e l f g ives us evidence of the amount o f p l a n n i n g . Answers such as " p o s i t i v e , " "you never know," are acceptable r e p l i e s t o the "How sure are you," q u e s t i o n . Some people are not f e r t i l e , so being sure they won't have any more c h i l d r e n does nor. n e c e s s a r i l y mean t h a t they are u s i n g b i r t h c o n t r o l . We do not ask which i s the case.

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SECTION J: INCOME

The income asked about i n t h i s s e c t i o n i s , of course, the l a r g e s t s i n g l e component i n our measure o f economic s t a t u s . Thus i t i s i m p o r t a n t t h a t you t r y to get complete and accurate responses. I f the respondent i s r e l u c t a n t t o answer some of the income questions e x p l a i n t h a t t h i s i s an i m p o r t a n t p a r t of the study, and t h a t our i n t e r v i e w s and i n d i v i d u a 1 i n t e r v i e w data are not a v a i l a b l e to the I n t e r n a l Revenue Service or to anyone e l s e . They are held i n s t r i c t ­e s t c o n f i d e n c e . I f you should be asked why we do not o b t a i n income i n f o r m a t i o n elsewhere, you should e x p l a i n t h a t n e i t h e r we nor anyone elseVinVC access t o i n d i v i d u a l income tax r e t u r n s . Such i n f o r m a t i o n i s s t r i c t l y c o n f i d e n t i a l , and i s not released by the I n t e r n a l Revenue Service f o r research purposes.

We regard the Family U n i t as having had the same composition a l l through 1967 (and 1968) as i t ha3 a t the time o f the i n t e r v i e w . So, i f R got m a r r i e d l a s t June, we want the whole year's income f o r both husband and w i f e - t h a t i s , i n c l u d e w i f e ' s income before they were m a r r i e d . There i s one e x c e p t i o n t o t h i s r u l e :

I f t h ere has been a death i n 1967 or 1968 o f a former member of the f a m i l y , we s t i l l want h i s 1967 income, even though he i s no longer l i v i n g a t the time of the i n t e r v i e w .

And i f t h e r e i s an u n r e l a t e d a d u l t who pools h i s income w i t h the f a m i l y , or i s dependant on them, or cannot p o s s i b l y be i n t e r v i e w e d s e p a r a t e l y , ask about h i s work and earnin g s too.

[ | Farmer — ] N o t a farmer A farmer f o r our purposes i s anyone whose main source o f income i s fa r m i n g . We p i c k up farming as a secondary source of income i n J l l b , f o r non-farmers.

What were your t o t a l r e c i e p t s from f a r m i n g i n 1967, i n c l u d i n g s o i l bank payments and commodity c r e d i t loans?

The f o l l o w i n g are i n c l u d e d here as r e c e i p t s from normal f a r m i n g opera t i ons:

1) money from sale of cash crops 2) r e c e i p t s from the sale of l i v e s t o c k , d a i r y p r o d u c t s , p o u l t r y ,

eggs, f r u i t s , and vegetables 3) s o i l bank payments 4) r e c e i p t s from commodity c r e d i t loans

Do not i n c l u d e as farming r e c e i p t s : 1) money from s a l e o f land - t h i s i s not income 2) r e n t from tenant farmers - put t h i s under r e n t 3) crop loans - not income

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J3 What were your t o t a l o p e r a t i n g expenses, n o t c o u n t i n g l i v i n g expenses?

Farm o p e r a t i n g expenses may i n c l u d e :

1) Expenses f o r fe e d , seed, l i m e , f e r t i l i z e r , i n s u r a n c e , f u e l , t i r e s , r e p a i r s t o t r u c k s and farm machinery, r e n t f o r machinery, crop s t o r a g e , i r r i g a t i o n water, g i n n i n g , v e t e r i n a r y expenses

2) Amount spent t o purchase l i v e s t o c k 3) Wa ge s 4) Custom work ( p r i c e p a i d f o r work done by a man who b r i n g s h i s

own machinery.) 5) D e p r e c i a t i o n 6) I n t e r e s t on loans 7) P r o p e r t y taxes ( b u t not Federal Income Taxes)

J4 That l e f t you a net income of (A-B = ) ?

Simply d e f i n e d , farm income equals t o t a l r e c e i p t s l e s s o p e r a t i n g expenses. Doing the s u b t r a c t i o n and then a s k i n g J4 w i l l enable you t o d i s c o v e r omissions and c o r r e c t e r r o r s .

J5 Did you (R and F a m i l y ) own a business a t any time d u r i n g 1967, or have a f i n a n c i a l i n t e r e s t i n any business e n t e r p r i s e ?

The respondent need n o t be a businessman f o r t h i s q u e s t i o n t o be a p p r o p r i a t e . The business may be something l i k e a s m a l l beauty shop i n w h i c h h i s w i f e has a p a r t i n t e r e s t . The key f e a t u r e i s t h a t the respondent (or f a m i l y ) has money i n v e s t e d i n the e n t e r p r i s e .

J6 I s i t a c o r p o r a t i o n or an u n i n c o r p o r a t e d business, or do you have an I n t e r e s t i n both kinds?

I f the respondent does not seem t o understand the q u e s t i o n , assume t h a t the business i s u n i n c o r p o r a t e d . (Having a business i n c o r p o r a t e d r e q u i r e s c o n s i d e r a b l e work and R would know whether he had done t h i s . ) I f R says he owns s t o c k i n a l a r g e c o r p o r a t i o n , check " c o r p o r a t i o n " but note i n the margin t h a t he j u s t owns st o c k . Be sure t o ask J l l c c l e a r l y f o r such persons.

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J7 (FOR UNINCORPORATED BUSINESSES) How much was your f a m i l y ' s share o f the t o t a l income from the business i n 1967 - t h a t i s , the amount you took out plu s any p r o f i t s you l e f t i n ?

The f i g u r e should i n c l u d e the t o t a l p r o f i t s from t h e business i n 1967, i n c l u d i n g t h a t which may be a t t r i b u t a b l e t o or accounted f o r as the head's s a l a r y . I f he does g i v e you separate f i g u r e s f o r s a l a r y and o t h e r business p r o f i t s , w r i t e them both down, w i t h i d e n t i f i c a t i o n , and add. I f the w i f e or o t h e r member o f the f a m i l y i s p a i d wages or a s a l a r y by the business, t h a t should a l s o be l a b e l e d and added i n here

J8 How much d i d you (Head) r e c e i v e from wages and s a l a r i e s i n 1967, t h a t i s , b e f o r e a n y t h i n g was deducted f o r taxes and othe r t h i n g s ?

This q u e s t i o n a p p l i e s o n l y t o the Head o f the f a m i l y and i t s o b j e c t i v e i s t o get the t o t a l amount of wages and s a l a r i e s i n calendar 1967. For most wage earners t h i s i s the income r e p o r t e d on one's W-2 f o r m ( s ) . I t should i n c l u d e income from a second j o b i f the respondent had one. I t ' s a good idea t o probe t o make sure i n cases where he has two job s . Cases where you should be c a r e f u l a r e :

1. Fixed s a l a r y r a t e s : I f R t e l l s you t h a t he makes $5000 a year, t h i s need not mean t h a t he a c t u a l l y made $5000 i n 1967. He may, f o r example have had a r a i s e i n September, or have s t a r t e d work a f t e r g r a d u a t i n g from c o l l e g e i n June. Again, we want t o t a l 1967 income - not R's c u r r e n t s a l a r y rate..

2. Complicated work h i s t o r y : I f R moved around s e v e r a l jobs and was unemployed d u r i n g p a r t o f the year, you may have to he l p him r e c o n s t r u c t h i s income. I t would help us i f you wrote down your f i g u r i n g and sent i t along.

3. Businessmen: The wages and s a l a r i e s u n i n c o r p o r a t e d businessmen pay themselves should not be l i s t e d here - t h i s should be taken care of i n the business sequence. However, wages they get from some oth e r j o b should be i n c l u d e d here..

J9-10 I n a d d i t o n t o t h i s , d i d you have any income from bonuses, overtime or commissions? How much was t h a t ?

Note the phrase " I n a d d i t i o n t o t h i s . " I f R has a l r e a d y i n c l u d e d some or a l l of h i s income from these sources i n J8, j u s t note t h a t t h e r e i s no need t o separate i t . This q u e s t i o n i s i n c l u d e d o n l y as a check i n case t h i s s o r t of t h i n g has been l e f t o u t o f the J8 f i g u r e .

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J l l a Did you (Head) r e c e i v e any o t h e r income i n 1967 from a p r o f e s s i o n a l p r a c t i c e or trade? . ,

1. Income BEFORE TAXES but AFTER EXPENSES i s c a l l e d f o r here. 2. Examples of PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE a r e :

Self-employed d o c t o r s , lawyers, c e r t i f i e d p u b l i c a c c o u n t a n t s , e t c . Income from c o n s u l t i n g f o r a business f i r m or government i s a l s o i n c l u d e d here.

3. TRADE - examples: Self-employed plumbers, r a d i o - r e p a i r m e n t , e t c ; A ca r p e n t e r may r e c e i v e wages from a c o n s t r u c t i o n company and do independent work i n the evenings - and the l a t t e r i s i n c l u d e d here.

J l l b . . . . f a r m i n g or market gardening, roomers or boarders?

(Again income BEFORE TAXES but AFTER EXPENSES i s c a l l e d f o r )

1. FARMING OR MARKET GARDENING:

I f f a r m i n g i s R's pr i m a r y o c c u p a t i o n , h i s income should come i n Q. J2-4 and not be d u p l i c a t e d here, but i f he r e c e i v e s most o f h i s income from a source o t h e r than f a r m i n g and some from a s m a l l farm, you should i n c l u d e the amount from f a r m i n g here.

Income from r e n t i n g farm p r o p e r t y i s " r e n t " not " f a r m i n g " income, however.

2. ROOMERS OR BOARDERS

Money p a i d f o r r e n t , room or board between members of the respondent's f a m i l y i s not i n c l u d e d as income here.

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J l l c . . . . d i v i d e n d s , i n t e r e s t , r e n t , t r u s t funds, or r o y a l t i e s ?

1. DIVIDENDS:

Dividends are the amounts paid t o owners of common and p r e f e r r e d s t o c k . I f R i s the owner of a sm a l l i n c o r p o r a t e d business, the s a l a r y he pa i d h i m s e l f should be entered under J8. He may a l s o have taken p r o f i t s out of the business by paying a di v i d e n d t o h i m s e l f on h i s common sto c k . These d i v i d e n d s and also income r e c e i v e d on any o t h e r stocks he may own belong here. "Dividends" on insurance p o l i c i e s are not t o be counted a t a l l .

2. INTEREST:

Receipts here i n c l u d e p r i m a r i l y income from government and co r p o r a t e bonds, a l l kinds o f savings accounts, mortgages owned as w e l l as i n t e r e s t r e c e i v e d on personal loans made.

3. RENT:

I n a d d i t i o n t o h i s own home, R may own othe r r e a l e s t a t e t h a t he r e n t s t o o t h e r s . The income should be n e t , i . e . , a f t e r d e d u c t i n g expenses and j a n i t o r i a l s e r v i c e s , heat, l i g h t , and water, r e a l e s t a t e taxes (but not income t a x e s ) , minor r e p a i r s (but not major a d d i t i o n s ) .

4. TRUST FUNDS:

A t r u s t fund i s money i n v e s t e d by a person or group of persons f o r another person known as a b e n e f i c i a r y . I f R i s a b e n e f i c i a r y , these payments belong here.

5. ROYALTIES

These i n c l u d e such t h i n g s as payments f o r the use of p r o p e r t y f o r m i n i n g or d r i l l i n g o i l w e l l s , use of c o p y r i g h t s and i n v e n t i o n s and payments t o authors when copies of t h e i r books are s o l d .

J l l d . . . . ADC ADCU

ADC i s A i d t o Dependent C h i l d r e n w h i l e ADCU i s A i d t o Dependent C h i l d r e n o f Unemployed Fathers . Both are n o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p u b l i c w e l f a r e programs, and a d m i n i s t e r e d by S t a t e s , c o u n t i e s , or large c i t i e s , but genera 1ly supported by Federal g r a n t s - i n - a i d . These two programs cover more i n d i v i d u a l s than any o t h e r s i n g l e p u b l i c w e l f a r e program. ADC covers needy mothers w i t h young c h i l d r e n , who have no husband, w h i l e ADCU covers where the f a t h e r i s present i n t he household, but unemployed. Even though ADC and ADCU are supported by Federal G r a n t s - i n - a i d there i s gr e a t v a r i a t i o n among the 50 s t a t e s i n the number o f d o l l a r s r e c e i v e d by those covered under t h i s program.

( J l l d continued on next page)

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J l l d . . . . ADC ADCU ( c o n t . )

We are very i n t e r e s t e d i n g e t t i n g a f a i r l y good e s t i m a t e of the importance o f t h i s form o f w e l f a r e , as d i s t i n c t from a l l o t h e r types o f w e l f a r e , so make sure t h a t i f the f a m i l y i s covered by a number o f programs t h a t the d o l l a r amount f o r t h i s program i s separate from a l l o t h e r forms of p u b l i c w e l f a r e .

J l l e . . . . other w e l f a r e

Other w e l f a r e i n c l u d e s a l l other P u b l i c programs c o n t i n g e n t upon the i n d i v i d u a l ' s ( f a m i l y ' s ) showing need. I n c l u d e d here are the f o l l o w i n g :

1. OAA (Old Age Assistance - do not confuse w i t h OASDI) OAA i s f o r persons 65 or o l d e r who are not w o r k i n g and who

f i n d t h a t they are not e l i g i b l e f o r S o c i a l S e c u r i t y or some o t h e r r e t i r e m e n t pension, or f i n d t h a t the b e n e f i t s t o which they are e n t i t l e d under these programs are s m a l l e r than what i s needed f o r s u r v i v a l .

2. AB ( A i d t o the B l i n d ) 3. APTD (A i d t o the Permanently and T o t a l l y D i s a b l e d )

This program covers those who f i n d themselves unable t o work because of d i s a b i l i t y , but y e t unable t o c o l l e c t a pension, or f o r some reason, i n e l i g i b l e t o c o l l e c t b e n e f i t s under the S o c i a l S e c u r i t y ' s D i s a b i l i t y B e n e f i t Program.

4. General A s s i s t a n c e This i s the c a t c h a l l , c o v e r i n g the needy who are not e l i g i b l e f o r any of the above " c a t e g o r i c a l " w e l f a r e programs. Most o f the funds here come from the s t a t e s or the l o c a l u n i t s of governments themselves, w i t h no Federal Government p a r t i c i p a t i o n .

J l I f . . . . S o c i a l S e c u r i t y

U n l i k e p u b l i c w e l f a r e , b e n e f i t s r e c e i v e d under S o c i a l S e c u r i t y are h i s by r i g h t , so l o n g as you do not earn too much, i n the way of wages and s a l a r i e s and the scale o f b e n e f i t s i s based on the amount one c o n t r i b u t e s t o these programs b e f o r e c o l l e c t i n g b e n e f i t s . OASDHI i s the a b b r e v i a t i o n f o r a l l b e n e f i t s coming under the S o c i a l S e c u r i t y Program. (Old age, s u r v i v o r s , d i s a b i l i t y , and Health Insurance) G e n e r a l l y , t h e r e are t h r e e types o f r e g u l a r b e n e f i t s , not c o u n t i n g medicare.

1. B e n e f i t s p a i d t o those 65 or o l d e r who are " i n s u r e d " and r e t i r e d . Such b e n e f i t s are p a i d t o anyone who has p a i d the S o c i a l S e c u r i t y tax f o r 10 years or more.

2. Workers 50 or o l d e r who become d i s a b l e d , as w e l l as c e r t a i n groups o f d i s a b l e d c h i l d r e n are e l i g i b l e f o r d i s a b i l i t y b e n e f i t s .

3. S u r v i v o r s b e n e f i t s are p a i d to widows (and widowers) whose spouse was covered. Unmarried c h i l d r e n under 18 are a l s o paid a c e r t a i n allowance as w e l l .

( j l l f c o n t i n u e d on next page)

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48.

J l l f Some people may be r e c e i v i n g reduced b e n e f i t s because o f a f a i r l y ( c o n t . ) l a r g e amount of p o s t - r e t i r e m e n t wage and s a l a r y income, even though

they are " e l i g i b l e " f o r S o c i a l S e c u r i t y b e n e f i t s because o f t h e i r c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o the systern.

J l l g . . . . o t h e r r e t i r e m e n t pay pensions or a n n u n i t i e s

OTHER RETIREMENT FAY Some r e t i r e d people w i l l be r e c e i v i n g d e f e r r e d compensation from funds set up by companies f o r t h e i r employees.

PENSIONS P r i v a t e pensions from previous employers w i l l be the main income source which f i t s i n here. There a re a l s o v a r i o u s types o f armed s e r v i c e b e n e f i t s and s t a t e government.pensions. M i l i t a r y pensions i n c l u d e :

a) D i s a b i l i t y pension - f o r a permanent i n j u r y r e c e i v e d w h i l e i n m i l i t a r y s e r v i c e .

b) R e t i r e d serviceman's pension - an o f f i c e r or an e n l i s t e d man i s e l i g i b l e f o r such a pension a f t e r 20 years s e r v i c e , even though he may be under 40 years o l d .

c) E d u c a t i o n a l b e n e f i t s - enter o n l y payments made d i r e c t l y t o R, not those paid t o an e d u c a t i o n a l i n s t i t u t i o n .

d) Family A l l o t m e n t s - dependents o f servicemen on a c t i v e duty r e c e i v e these a l l o t m e n t s from the government. I f R has t o l d you t h a t her son or husband i s i n s e r v i c e , be a l e r t f o r an answer here.

ANNUITIES Pay r e c e i v e d from a r e t i r e m e n t i n surance ( a n n u i t y ) p o l i c y w i l l go i n t o t h i s c a t e g o r y , usua1ly f i n a n c e d p e r s o n a l l y .

J l l h . . . . unemployment or workmen's compensation

1. UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION: A l l 50 s t a t e s p a r t i c i p a t e i n t h i s program which i s a d m i n i s t e r e d by the s t a t e s , w i t h the funds coming m o s t l y from employer c o n t r i b u t i o n s and the Federal Government. Even though a l l s t a t e s cover workers, there i s a g r e a t v a r i a t i o n between s t a t e s i n the amount of b e n e f i t s . Such compensation covers those w o r k i n g o n l y i n e n t e r p r i s e s of a c e r t a i n minimum s i z e . A g r i c u l t u r a l workers, f a m i l y workers, domestic servants i n p r i v a t e homes, and the self-employed are u s u a l l y i n e l i g i b l e f o r these b e n e f i t s .

2. WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION: This i s a program which i s e n t i r e l y s t a t e a d m i n i s t e r e d w i t h no p a r t i c i p a t i o n or standard s e t t i n g whatsoever from the Federal Government. B e n e f i t s are p a i d t o a worker i f he i n c u r s an i n j u r y i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h h i s j o b . Among the 50 s t a t e s , t h e r e i s wide v a r i a t i o n i n coverage, i . e . , some s t a t e s cover o n l y those engaged i n hazardous occupa t i o n s s some exclude government employees. A person c o l l e c t i n g such b e n e f i t s should u s u a l l y be considered to be "WORKING NOW."

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49.

J l l i . . . . alimony

ALIMONY Income t o a di v o r c e d or separated woman should be i n c l u d e d here. I f she i s a l s o r e c e i v i n g c h i l d support payments, note t h i s and re c o r d them s e p a r a t e l y , i f p o s s i b l e .

J l l j . . . . h e l p from r e l a t i v e s

This i s a c a t c h a l l category t o p i c k up support r e c e i v e d from r e l a t i v e s from o u t s i d e the household. Exclude such t h i n g s as minor X-mas g i f t s .

J l l k . . . . a n y t h i n g else?

Since a g r e a t e r than average number of our respondents have f a i r l y low incomes some o f t h e i r means may come from sources l i s t e d below:

1. FOOD STAMPS:

I f the respondent mentions income i n the form of food stamps, i _ fshjpuld be recorded i n J32, h o p e f u l l y as a separate i t e m . See i n s t r u c t i o n s f o r t h a t q u e s t i o n .

2. TRAINING PROGRAM ALLOWANCES:

The Manpower Development and T r a i n i n g Act p r o v i d e s v o c a t i o n a l t r a i n i n g t o i n d i v i d u a l s , as w e l l as payin g them sub s i s t e n c e allowances. Unemployed teenagers are sometimes r e c e i v i n g t h i s form o f income, which should be i n c l u d e d .

3. ILLEGAL SOURCES OF INCOME:

This i s indeed income and we would be happy t o p i c k i t up here or anywhere e l s e . Don't probe f o r i t , however.

NOTE: B e n e f i t s r e c i e v e d under a program such as workmen's compensa­t i o n or S o c i a l S e c u r i t y which are o n l y f o r the c o s t o f h o s p i t a l or medical b i l l s should not be considered income. I t i s u n l i k e l y t h a t i t would be r e p o r t e d a c c i d e n t a l l y , s i n c e such payments are u s u a l l y -made t o the h o s p i t a l d i r e c t l y and not the i n d i v i d u a l .

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50.

J12-15

J16-17

J18-19

J23-25

Wife's Income

1. Make sure the w i f e ' s income from a l l sources i s recorded, however small the amount.

2. I t i s a r e g u l a r p r a c t i c e f o r an owner of common stoc k t o l i s t some o f h i s shares i n h i s w i f e ' s name. So i f R has i n d i c a t e d t h a t he i s an owner o f stocks or c o r p o r a t e bonds, be on the loo k o u t f o r d i v i d e n d or i n t e r e s t income i n the w i f e ' s name t o o .

3. I f some or a l l of the w i f e ' s income i s from work i n the f a m i l y business i t may a l r e a d y be i n c l u d e d i n 31. I f so, note " I n c l u d e d i n business income" i n the margin. I f the amount s p e c i f i c a l l y a t t r i b u t a b l e t o t h i s source wasn't given,- get an e s t i m a t e here. I f she had a c l e a r l y d e f i n e d wage or s a l a r y from the business which was not i n c l u d e d i n J7 i t can be l i s t e d here but c i r c l e i t and note the source and the f a c t i t was not i n c l u d e d i n J7.

CHECK BOX. Did (MENTION MEMBER) have any income d u r i n g 1967?

Be sure t o a c t u a l l y ask Q. J17 f o r a l l members i n the household 14 and o l d e r ; do not assume a n y t h i n g . And be sure t o i d e n t i f y o t h e r FU members by both r e l a t i o n s h i p t o head and age, e.g., "SON, 21". I f you t h i n k some f a m i l y members are w o r k i n g f o r n o t h i n g on a f a m i l y farm or i n a f a m i l y business, ask J23-25 anyway.

Was t h a t from wages, a pension, a business, i n t e r e s t or what? How much was t h a t ?

The most common source here w i l l be wages, whether from r e g u l a r employment or odd j o b s . I f the respondent mentions a s p e c i f i c j o b or o c c u p a t i o n w r i t e i t down (summer j o b - garage mechanic). R e t i r e d or d i s a b l e d a d u l t s i n the household are l i k e l y t o have income from S o c i a l S e c u r i t y or o t h e r pension p l a n s . C h i l d r e n under 18 may a l s o have income under v a r i o u s p r o v i s i o n s of the S o c i a l S e c u r i t y law. This should be l i s t e d here i f i t has not a l r e a d y been i n c l u d e d i n J l l f . Income from i n t e r e s t , d i v i d e n d s , and t r u s t funds should a l s o be i n c l u d e d . A l l of the above should be c l e a r l y i d e n t i f i e d .

How many weeks d i d (he/she) work l a s t year? About how many hours a week was t h a t ? Did (he/she) work more than h a l f time?

This s e r i e s o f que s t i o n s i s f o r our o b j e c t i v e o f d e t e r m i n i n g the number of hours worked by a l l members o f the f a m i l y . A l s o i f the respondent i s not sure about how much income some " o t h e r " had, he may know more about the amount of time spent working. I n the c r i t e r i a f o r s u b f a m i l i e s , 1000 hours i n 1967 (about h a l f time) may be taken as e q u i v a l e n t t o $2000 income i f the income i s not a v a i l a b l e . "More than h a l f t i m e " here r e f e r s t o the average over the year.

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5 1 .

J26 Does (he/she) share i n the f a m i l y ' s expenses or what?

This q u e s t i o n i s phrased so t h a t i t can be answered by a simple "Yes" or "No," w i t h some space f o r e l a b o r a t i o n i f the respondent o f f e r s i t . I f R i n d i c a t e s the degree of s h a r i n g i s s m a l l , the person should not be considered as s h a r i n g . The person should be s h a r i n g a s u b s t a n t i a l p o r t i o n ( r o u g h l y h a l f or more) o f h i s income i n order f o r J26 t o be answered "Yes."

J27 I s (he/she) l i k e l y t o s t a y here w i t h you or m i g h t (he/she) move away w i t h i n the next few years? This i s another one o f the c r i t e r i o n q u e s t i o n s used i n d e t e r m i n i n g whether or not the i n d i v i d u a l i n q u e s t i o n should be considered a " s u b f a m i l y . " "Move away" means move i n t o another DU, not n e c e s s a r i l y out o f town. " W i t h i n the next few y e a r s " i s p u r p o s e l y i n d e f i n i t e t o a l l o w f o r d i f f e r e n t p l a n n i n g h o r i z o n s , A "Yes" or "No" i s not s u f f i c i e n t here since we won't know t o which of the a l t e r n a t i v e s the "Yes" or "No" a p p l i e s . Might move and ot h e r more p o s i t i v e responses - "probably w i l l move," "yes, h e ' l l move" e t c . , f u l f i l l the c r i t e r i a . E q u i v o c a l answers "he might move - he might n o t " and more n e g a t i v e answers do not f u l f i l l the c r i t e r i a . I f you get a "Don't Know" answer, probe t o f i n d out which i s more l i k e l y .

SUBFAMILY DETERMINATION There are t h r e e c r i t e r i a , a l l of which must be met i f an e x t r a a d u l t (or f a m i l y ) i s t o q u a l i f y as a s u b f a m i l y t o be i n t e r v i e w e d s e p a r a t e l y . Thus t h e r e i s no p o i n t w o r r y i n g about f i n e d i s t i n c t i o n s on one o f the c r i t e r i a i f i t i s c l e a r t h a t one o f the o t h e r s i s not met.

The c r i t e r i a a r e : 1. More than $2000 income i n 1967

I f the respondent doesn 1c knov the income f o r t h i s person he may know the hours of work so 1000 hours of work i n 1967 may be taken as an a l t e r n a t e c r i t e r i o n . I f t h a t i s a l s o unknown or u n c l e a r the respondent ought a t l e a s t t o be able t o t e l l whether the person i n q u e s t i o n worked a l o t or a l i t t l e - more or l e s s than h a l f - t i m e i n 1967 -so we use a p o s i t i v e answer t o J25 "Did (he/she) work more than h a l f t i m e " as a second a l t e r n a t i v e c r i t e r i o n . The reason f o r the double back-up i s t h a t the respondent i s a p t t o know l e s s about those members o f the household who are more independent.

2. Does not share i n the f a m i l y expenses E s p e c i a l l y i n cases where t h i s i s the d e c i d i n g f a c t o r , we want i t i n t e r p r e t e d more s t r i n g e n t l y . "Does not share a s u b s t a n t i a l p o c t i o n o f h i s income i n meeting f a m i l y expenses." See i n s t r u c ­t i o n f o r J26.

3. I s l i k e l y t o move out i n the next few years I f an e x t r a a d u l t f u l f u l l i n g the o t h e r c r i t e r i a i s more l i k e l y t han not t o move o u t , then t h i s c r i t e r i o n i s f u l f i l l e d .

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52.

J28-29

J30-31

J32-33

Did you get any o t h e r money i n the l a s t year - l i k e a b i g s e t t l e m e n t from an insurance company, an i n h e r i t a n c e , or anything?

This q u e s t i o n i s designed t o p i c k up sums of money which may be i m p o r t a n t i n d e t e r m i n i n g the f a m i l y ' s c u r r e n t f i n a n c i a l s t a t u s but which may not be i n c l u d e d i n s t r i c t concepts of income. I n the case of i n s u rance s e t t l e m e n t we don't want sums which went d i r e c t l y t o pay f o r m e d i c a l expenses and the l i k e , b ut we do want the amount l e f t over a f t e r such expenses. Insurance s e t t l e m e n t s which might be i n c l u d e d are payments f o r " p a i n and s u f f e r i n g " and l i f e insurance payments. Other t h i n g s t o be i n c l u d e d are i n h e r i t a n c e o f money, la r g e g i f t s from someone o u t s i d e the household, or money from repayment of a loan t o someone i n the f a m i l y by someone o u t s i d e the f a m i l y . Money from the s a l e o f p r o p e r t y should a l s o be i n c l u d e d . The amount giv e n i n J29 should be the t o t a l of such amounts f o r a l l members of the household. I f the respondent mentions an i n h e r i t a n c e or l a r g e g i f t o f p r o p e r t y i t should be noted i n t h e margin w i t h an approximate v a l u e .

Did anyone here get more than $50 wo r t h of food or c l o t h i n g as p a r t of t h e i r pay? About how much would t h a t be worth?

Note t h a t t h i s q u e s t i o n i s r e s t r i c t e d t o food and c l o t h i n g -- i t should n o t i n c l u d e such t h i n g s as t r a n s p o r t a t i o n or medical care r e c e i v e d w h i l e on the j o b . A l s o , i t i s r e s t r i c t e d t o those i n the f a m i l y who worked l a s t year because we are i n t e r e s t e d i n food and c l o t h i n g r e c e i v e d as a j o b b e n e f i t . I t should i n c l u d e such t h i n g s as lunches or oth e r meals r e c e i v e d , the amount saved from s u b s i d i z e d meals, s p e c i a l shoes, u n i f o r m s , e t c . , t h a t R d i d not have t o buy h i m s e l f . The d o l l a r amount giv e n i n r e p l y t o J31 should i n c l u d e the t o t a l f o r a l l members o f the f a m i l y . This should be e s p e c i a l l y r e l e v a n t f o r domestics and oth e r s e r v i c e workers who q u i t e o f t e n r e c e i v e food as p a r t of t h e i r pay.

Did you (F a m i l y ) get any f r e e food, c l o t h i n g , or food stamps worth more than $50 i n 1967?

This i s f r e e food and c l o t h i n g as opposed t o t h a t which was r e c e i v e d from an employer as p a r t o f one's income. The l a t t e r was covered i n J30-31. The $50 t h r e s h h o l d here i s t o av o i d w o r r y i n g about r e l a t i v e l y u n important amounts. Above $50, accuracy t o the nearest $50 i s adequa t e . Food stamps present a s p e c i a l problem because the f a m i l y o f t e n pays p a r t o f the co s t o f food. For i n s t a n c e they m i g h t pay $20 f o r $45 wor t h of food stamps. I n such cases you need to determine how much they saved because what they paid f o r the stamps should have been i n c l u d e d i n E5. I f the above f a m i l y r e c e i v e d stamps t w i c e a month f o r s i x months then t h e i r s a v i ng l a s t year would be $25 x 12 = $300.00. I f the f a m i l y r e c e i v e d both food stamps and oth e r f r e e items, we want to know the separate amounts.

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J34-35 Was your f a m i l y ' s income a l o t h i g h e r or lower than u s u a l t h i s past year (1967)? Why was t h a t ?

A l l of the income q u e s t i o n s we have asked r e f e r to t h i s past year. Our i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f the f a m i l y ' s economic s t a t u s w i l l be d i f f e r e n t i f i t was an u n u s u a l l y h i g h or low income year, than i f i t was normal. The q u e s t i o n i s phrased "a l o t h i g h e r or lower than u s u a l " t o exclude s m a l l v a r i a t i o n s l i k e a cost o f l i v i n g i n c r e a s e or a l i t t l e l e s s o v e r t i m e , but i f the respondent answers w i t h such i n mind accept and go on. T y p i c a l reasons f o r l a r g e r v a r i a t i o n s are - w i f e working or not w o r k i n g i f she had been, i l l n e s s or unemploy­ment, head hav i n g a second job or a promotion. Don't i n c l u d e e x t r a o r d i n a r y expenses i n the answer, they belong i n J39-40.

J36-37 Does your f a m i l y ' s income change from month t o month, s t a y the same over the year or what? Why does i t vary?

The q u e s t i o n asks about income v a r i a t i o n w i t h i n the year as opposed to the year t o year v a r i a t i o n asked about i n J34. This s o r t of v a r i a t i o n i s i m p o r t a n t because of the n e c e s s i t y f o r c a r e f u l p l a n n i n g - saving i n months w i t h higher income so as t o meet expenses when income i s low. Reasosn f o r v a r i a t i o n might i n c l u d e seasonal unemployment or o v e r t i m e , unsure h e a l t h o f the main earner, w i f e ' s freedom t o work when c h i l d r e n are i n s c h o o l , e t c .

J38 Would you say you are b e t t e r o f f f i n a n c i a l l y than you were a few years ago or are you i n the same s i t u a t i o n ?

This i s a broader q u e s t i o n than the p r e v i o u s sets of q u e s t i o n s , since i t r e f e r s to both income and e x p e n d i t u r e s , and t o a n y t h i n g e l s e t h a t a f f e c t s one's economic s i t u a t i o n . The f a m i l y might be b e t t e r o f f because of fewer mouths t o f e e d , or because the head's j o b i s s t e a d i e r even i f i t does not pay more. The head might be making more now but be "about the same" because of the h i g h e r c o s t of l i v i n g . Any number o f expenses or income f a c t o r s or even d i s s a t i s f a c t i o n w i t h r a t e of progress might lead the respondent t o say h i s s i t u a t i o n i s worse than a few years ago. The answer must s p e c i f y a t l e a s t " b e t t e r , " "same," or "worse." "Yes" or "no" answers are inadequate.

J39-40 I s there a n y t h i n g t h a t makes your f a m i l y ' s expenses u n u s u a l l y high? What i s t h a t ?

This q u e s t i o n r e f e r s t o the c u r r e n t s i t u a t i o n , and can i n c l u d e such t h i n g s as e d u c a t i o n a l expenses, unusual m e d i c a l expenses, l e g a l expenses, h i g h debt payments, or a n y t h i n g the respondent sees as making h i s expenses h i g h e r than those o f an average f a m i l y . We want t o know t h i s even i f the f a m i l y economizes on ot h e r t h i n g s t o b r i n g t o t a 1 expenses down.

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J41-43 I s a n y t h i n g l i k e l y t o happen over the next few years t h a t w i l l make t h i n g s much d i f f e r e n t f o r your f a m i l y -- l i k e more or less earners, a b e t t e r j o b f o r you, or fewer people l i v i n g here? What i s that? W i l l t h a t make t h i n g s b e t t e r or worse f i n a n c i a l l y ?

This q u e s t i o n again r e f e r s t o the o v e r a l l economic s i t u a t i o n t h a t we asked about i n J38 but here we are a s k i n g the respondent t o l o o k ahead t o h i s f u t u r e s i t u a t i o n . I f he f i n d s t h i s d i f f i c u l t and gives o n l y a noncommital answer or "don't know" do not push him or probe, since r e p l i e s t o succeeding q u e s t i o n s would probably be f o r c e d and meaningless. The respondent may g i v e a change, the economic conse­quences o f which are u n c l e a r ; "My son i s l e a v i n g " m i g h t mean fewer mouths t o feed or i t might mean less income, - hence the f i n a l probe. Our use of " l e s s earners" i n s t e a d of "fewer" i s more c o l l o q u i a l than c o r r e c t but i s i n t e n t i o n a l .

J44 Are t h e r e any people who do not l i v e w i t h you who are dependent on you f o r more than h a l f o f t h e i r support? How many are there? How much d i d t h a t amount t o l a s t year?

This r e f e r s t o dependents who can be claimed f o r t a x purposes, such as a c h i l d i n c o l l e g e , an aged p a r e n t i n an i n s t i t u t i o n , or o t h e r dependents o u t s i d e the household. We want the t o t a l d o l l a r amount t h a t t h i s e n t i r e f a m i l y , not j u s t the head, c o n t r i b u t e d t o a l l these dependents' support d u r i n g 1967. I f R v o l u n t e e r s t h a t p a r t o f t h i s sum i s g o i n g f o r an expense such as c o l l e g e t u i t i o n which i s not a l i v i n g expense, note t h i s i n the margin w i t h the d o l l a r amount t h a t goes f o r t h i s i f p o s s i b l e ,

J46 Do you ( F a m i l y ) have parents or o t h e r r e l a t i v e s t h a t you would f e e l you had t o h e l p (more), i f you had more money?

Our o b j e c t i v e here i s t o f i n d out i f t h e r e might be a n e g a t i v e i n c e n t i v e to R's e a r n i n g more money, since i t would have to go f o r care of o t h e r s r a t h e r than t o him. A "Yes" or "No" r e p l y i s adequate here.

SECTION K

We are i n t e r e s t e d i n a l l the ways the respondent spends h i s non-working hours, from r e s t and r e l a x a t i o n to spare-time work h e l p i n g r e l a t i v e s , but p a r t i c u l a r l y those t h a t may help him f i n d b a r g a i n s , j o b s , e t c . We a l s o ask about a c t i v i t i e s such as t a k i n g courses which may have economic s i g n i f i c a n c e .

K l We're i n t e r e s t e d i n the ways people spend t h e i r spare ti m e . What t h i n g s do you (Head) u s u a l l y do i n your spare time? "Spare t i m e " means time not spent w o r k i n g f o r pay, doing r e g u l a r housework, e a t i n g , s l e e p i n g , e t c . I t should i n c l u d e , however, time spent w o r k i n g on d o - i t - y o u r s e l f p r o j e c t s or f o r community s e r v i c e o r g a n i z a t i o n s . " I don't have any spare time" i s a r e l a t i v e l y f r e q u e n t response t o the q u e s t i o n . I n such cases probe "Why i s t h a t ? " or "How do you mean t h a t ? " i n order t o f i n d out whether (he/she) spends a l l o f the time w o r k i n g , or whether spends some o f i t doing t h i n g s we would c o n s i d e r to be spare time a c t i v i t i e s . I n the l a t t e r case we want t o know what the a c t i v i t i e s are. A c t i v i t i e s may be those done by the head alone or t o g e t h e r w i t h the f a m i l y .

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How o f t e n do you (Head) RO t o church?

Church r e f e r s t o any type o f r e l i g i o u s s e r v i c e s . A s p e c i f i c q u a n t i ­t a t i v e r e p l y l i k e "once a month" i s d e s i r a b l e but p a r t i a l l y q u a n t i t a t i v e responses such as " o c c a s i o n a l l y " or " f r e q u e n t l y " are a c c e p t a b l e as w e l l .

Are you (Head) t a k i n g any courses or lessons? What are you (Head) doing?

"Courses or lessons" can r e f e r t o p r a c t i c a l l y a n y t h i n g - a l l the way from t a k i n g c o l l e g e courses t o b o w l i n g lessons. This should i n c l u d e any Manpower R e t r a i n i n g Course or o n - t h e - j o b t r a i n i n g t h a t the Head may be i n v o l v e d i n .

About how many hours a day do you (Head) u s u a l l y watch t e l e v i s i o n on an average weekday?

By "watch" we mean g i v e a t t e n t i o n such t h a t i t excludes doing o t h e r work. We do not mean by "watch" h a v i n g the TV going a l l the time and w o r k i n g around i t . I f , f o r i n s t a n c e , the respondent says " I watch i t w h i l e I'm doing housework," w r i t e t h i s down and then ask how much t-ime she a c t u a l l y s i t s , .down to watch programs. Here, "about two hours," " a l l evening," are a c c e p t a b l e r e p l i e s .

How o f t e n do you (Head) read a newspaper - every day, once a week, or what? _ ________

Our o b j e c t i v e here i s t w o f o l d -- f i r s t t o get a measure o f whether or not the Head ever uses such an i n f o r m a t i o n source, second as a p r e l i m i n a r y i n d i c a t i o n of whether he m i g h t have d i f f i c u l t y r e a d i n g . A g a i n , r e p l i e s such as "every day," "once a week," or "never" are a c c e p t a b l e .

About how many people i n t h i s neighborhood do you know by name?

This means number o f a d u l t s . I t serves as a measure o f connectednes t o the l o c a l community. The geographic s i z e of the "neighborhood" w i l l v a r y . I t might be a few blocks i n the c i t y or an e n t i r e s m a l l town. Accept whatever R t h i n k s o f as i Ls neighborhood. I n g e n e r a l neighbors are w i t h i n easy w a l k i n g d i s t a n c e .

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56.

KS Do you (FAMILY) have any r e l a t i v e s who l i v e w i t h i n w a l k i n g d i s t a n c e of of here?

" R e l a t i v e s " of anyone i n the f a m i l y i s what we mean by r e l a t i v e s i n t h i s q u e s t i o n . A "Yes" or "No" i s an adequate r e p l y here. Be a l e r t f o r R's parents or c h i l d r e n l i v i n g somewhere e l s e . Many people t h i n k o f such c l o s e k i n as being f a m i l y , n ot r e l a t i v e s , but they should be recorded here i f w i t h i n w a l k i n g d i s t a n c e .

K9-10 Did you spend more than 40 hours h e l p i n g f r i e n d s or r e l a t i v e s l a s t year? About how many hours was t h a t ?

We mean f r i e n d s and r e l a t i v e s o u t s i d e the DU where the f a m i l y l i v e s . Our purpose here i s t o get a measure o f f a m i l y help p a t t e r n s . Do not i n c l u d e here time t h a t R may have g i v e n t o churches, c h a r i t y , or other i n s t i t u t i o n s . A gain t h e r e i s a t h r e s h h o l d , so as not t o bother those working o n l y a few hours w i t h a "how. many" q u e s t i o n .

K l l - 1 4 Did you get any f r e e h e l p w i t h housework, b a b y s i t t i n g , or a n y t h i n g l i k e t h a t i n the l a s t year (1967)? Did i t save you as much as $50? About how much d i d i t save you? Was i t from someone who doesn't l i v e here? I n c l u d e here any he l p r e c e i v e d by the f a m i l y , whoever i t i s from. Nursing s e r v i c e s , housekeeping s e r v i c e s , and f r e e care o f c h i l d r e n (even i f they are l e f t a t someone e l s e ' s house) are examples of such h e l p . I f they r e c e i v e d any o t h e r kinds o f he l p which saved them money and which have not been e v a l u a t e d b e f o r e , i n c l u d e them here w i t h e x p l a n a t i o n . The $50 t h r e s h h o l d i s t o save time i f the amount i s s m a l l . We e d i t o ut help from people i n the same household.

K15 How o f t e n do you (Head) go to s o c i a l o r g a n i z a t i o n s or clubs? These can be f r a t e r n a l , c h a r i t a b l e , r e l i g i o u s , community a c t i o n , neighborhood c l u b s , e t c . I n c l u d e here meetings or a c t i v i t i e s sponsored by the o r g a n i z a t i o n , and c a s u a l attendance.

K16 How o f t e n do you (Head) go t o a bar or tavern? When asked m a t t e r - o f - f a c t l y t h i s q u e s t i o n r a r e l y bothers anyone. I f R v o l u n t e e r s n i g h t c l u b s , race t r a c k s , gambling casinos, e t c . , you should i n c l u d e them here. This i s i m p o r t a n t as a p o s s i b l e source of d i s p r o p o r t i o n a t e e x p e n d i t u r e . Answers such as " r a r e l y " or "every two weeks" are acceptable here.

K17-18 Do you (Head) belong t o a l a b o r union? How much d i d your u n i o n dues amount t o l a s t year? Two o b j e c t i v e s are wanted from t h i s q u e s t i o n . F i r s t , b e l o n g i n g t o a un i o n can make i t e a s i e r t o get a j o b and make the j o b he now has more secure. Second, un i o n dues, coupled w i t h i n i t i a t i o n fees are q u i t e expensive, and hence the annual d o l l a r o u t l a y f o r such expenses are i m p o r t a n t t o know.

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57 SECTION L: ATTITUDES AND FEELINGS

The purpose of t h i s s e c t i o n i s t o tap the respondent's image of h i m s e l f , and some of h i s a t t i t u d e s and f e e l i n g s about l i f e i n g e n e r a l . We are p a r t i c u l a r l y i n t e r e s t e d i n h i s f e e l i n g s about h i s economic s i t u a t i o n and a t t i t u d e s which may a f f e c t h i s economic behavior. Most o f the q u e s t i o n s g i v e two a l t e r n a t i v e s from which the respondent s e l e c t s one. We have l e f t space t o w r i t e down what the respondent says but i f he simply repeats one o f the two phrases, you can save time and energy by s i m p l y c i r c l i n g the phrase he repeats and w r i t i n g any a d d i t i o n a l comments he makes i n the space p r o v i d e d .

We w i l l code f r e e form answers and q u a l i f i e d responses on a scale between the two a l t e r n a t i v e s so you needn't f o r c e a response i n t o one category or the o t h e r . Be sure t o w r i t e down such b r i e f a d d i ­t i o n a l comments as " u s u a l l y " or " d e f i n i t e l y . "

Have you u s u a l l y f e l t p r e t t y sure your l i f e would work out the way you want i t t o , or have t h e r e been more times when you haven't been very sure about i t ? Are you the k i n d o f person t h a t plans h i s l i f e ahead a l l t-he time-, or do you l i v e more from day t o day? When you make plans ahead, do you u s u a l l y get t o c a r r y out t h i n g s the way you expected, or do t h i n g s u s u a l l y come up t o make you change your plans? Would you say you n e a r l y always f i n i s h t h i n g s once you s t a r t them, or do you sometimes have t o g i v e up before they are f i n i s h e d ?

The f i r s t f o u r questions have been used on a number o f our s t u d i e s t o form a s c a l e , sometimes c a l l e d sense o f p e r s o n a l e f f i c a c y . They should c r e a t e no problems except f o r an o c c a s i o n a l respondent who s t a r t s t a l k i n g about the way he or the w o r l d should be, i n s t e a d o f the way i t i s , i n which case you should r e p e a t the q u e s t i o n .

How much do you l i k e t o do t h i n g s t h a t are d i f f i c u l t and c h a l l e n g i n g ?

This q u e s t i o n should lead t o answers v a r y i n g from v e r y much t o not a t a l l . For normative answers such as "not as much as I should" you should r e p e a t the q u e s t i o n "How much do you a c t u a l l y l i k e t o do t h i n g s . . . ?

Would you r a t h e r spend your money and enjoy l i f e today or save more f o r the f u t u r e ?

Again, t h i s w i l l be coded on a scale so answers from "save" or "spend" t o " I save enough f o r s e c u r i t y and spend enough t o l i v e c o m f o r t a b l y " are a c c e p t a b l e . " I ought t o save more" i s inadequate, but " I ought t o save but I never do" i s a c c e p t a b l e .

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Would you r a t h e r have a j o b t h a t you l i k e even i f the chances f o r a r a i s e were s m a l l , or a j o b you don't l i k e which o f f e r s a good chance f o r making more money?

For t h i s q u e s t i o n t r y t o get the respondent t o choose one a l t e r n a t i v e or the o t h e r , and then r e c o r d any a d d i t i o n a l q u a l i f i c a t i o n . I f he wants t o know how much more money say 25% more.

Are you more o f t e n s a t i s f i e d , or d i s s a t i s f i e d w i t h y o u r s e l f ?

This q u e s t i o n has been used i n a number o f s t u d i e s w i t h no g r e a t d i f f i c u l t y . Again, one of the a I t e r n a t i v e s or something l i k e " u s u a l l y s a t i s f i e d " or " c o n s t a n t l y d i s s a t i s f i e d " are a p p r o p r i a t e responses.

Do you have some l i m i t a t i o n s t h a t keep you from g e t t i n g ahead as f a r as you would l i k e ?

Some d i s c u s s i o n as to what h i s l i m i t a t i o n s are may be the r e s u l t of a s k i n g t h i s q u e s t i o n , but we don't i n t e n d t o use t h i s f o r a n a l y s i s , so a "Yes" or "No" r e p l y i s s u f f i c i e n t here.

Do you get angry f a i r l y e a s i l y , or does i t take a l o t t o get you angry?

Do not accept normative r e p l i e s such as, " I s h o u l d n ' t get angry as e a s i l y as I do," but t r y t o get the respondent t o say what he a c t u a l l y does.

How much does i t m a t t e r what ot h e r people t h i n k about you?

Accept r e p l i e s i n d i c a t i n g i n t e n s i t y o f f e e l i n g here, such as "a l o t , " " I don't g i v e a damn about what o t h e r s t h i n k , " e t c . Do n o t , however, accept normative r e p l i e s , , l i k e , " I t r y not to l e t i t m a t t e r to me," or " I t s h o u l d n ' t bother me so much."

Do you t r u s t most other people, some, or very few?

R e p l i e s such as " I t r u s t my f r i e n d s , " or " I t r u s t too many people" are not acceptable r e p l i e s . Try t o get R t o s e l e c t one o f the t h r e e a l t e r n a t i v e s .

Do you spend much time f i g u r i n g out ways t o get more money?

"Yes," "No," " A l l the t i m e , " "Some," "No way I can get more," e t c . , are a l l acceptable.

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59. L14 Do you t h i n k a l o t about t h i n g s t h a t m i g h t happen i n the f u t u r e ,

or do you u s u a l l y j u s t take t h i n g s as they come?

Ag a i n , do n o t accept r e p l i e s such as, " I t r y not t o , " b ut t r y t o get R t o gi v e h i s i m p r e s s i o n o f what he a c t u a l l y does. S e l e c t i o n o f one or the o t h e r o f the a l t e r n a t i v e s i s s u f f i c i e n t .

L15 Do you t h i n k the l i f e o f the average man i s g e t t i n g b e t t e r or i s i t g e t t i n g worse?

The word " B e t t e r " or "Worse" i s an adequate r e p l y . I f the respondent answers i n two or more frames o f r e f e r e n c e } "There's more jobs b u t t h e r e ' s a i r p o l l u t i o n and the war t o o " w r i t e i t down and t h e n ask whether he t h i n k s i t ' s b e t t e r , worse, or about the same o v e r a l l .

L16 Are t h e r e a l o t o f people who have good t h i n g s they don't deserve?

I f R asks what i s meant by "good t h i n g s , " you can say money, w e a l t h , a good j o b , and economic good f o r t u n e i n g e n e r a l . "Yes" or "No" are adequate r e p l i e s here. "Some, not a l o t " and "Not f o r me t o judge what ot h e r people deserve" are a l s o a c c e p t a b l e .

SECTION M: THE PAST

This i s the demographic s e c t i o n and q u e s t i o n s here are s i m i l a r t o many t h a t have been asked b e f o r e ; many o f our o b j e c t i v e s here are q u i t e obvious.

M l Where d i d you (HEAD) grow up?

"Grow up" r e f e r s t o the p e r i o d between about ages 6 and 16. I f R mentions s e v e r a l p l a c e s , t e l l him we want the place where he spent the l a r g e s t number o f years between ages 6 and 16.

M2 Was t h a t on a farm, i n a l a r g e c i t y , s m a l l town, or what?

I f R r e p l i e s " s m a l l c i t y , " " v i l l a g e , " t h i s i s okay.

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M3-5,7,8

M6

M9.10

M i l

How many grades o f school d i d you (HEAD) f i n i s h ? Any othe r t r a i n i n g ? What?

A simple number here i s adequate as a r e answers such as " I f i n i s h e d h i g h school i n n i g h t s c h o o l . " Some respondents may mention G. E. D. T_. which i s a h i g h school equivalency c e r t i f i c a t e g i v e n by the armed s e r v i c e s .

On the basis o f the answer t o M3 you should ask e i t h e r the sequence f o r 6 or less grades or 7 or more. Both sequences f i r s t ask about any a d d i t i o n a l t r a i n i n g . This encompasses a p p r e n t i c e t r a i n i n g , t r a i n i n g under some Federal r e t r a i n i n g program, a d u l t e d u c a t i o n course, beauty c o l l e g e , u n i v e r s i t y e d u c a t i o n , e t c .

(FOR THOSE WITH 6 GRADES OR LESS)

Do you have any t r o u b l e reading?

I n a b i l i t y t o read i s a se r i o u s handicap i n f i l l i n g out j o b a p p l i c a t i o n s , e t c . I t i s l i k e l y t o be r e l a t i v e l y f r e q u e n t among those w i t h l i t t l e e d u c a t i o n and w i l l help e x p l a i n a respondent's economic s t a t u s .

The q u e s t i o n i s phrased i n such a way as t o l e t someone who f e e l s embaftassed get h i m s e l f o f f the hook w i t h a r e p l y l i k e "Yes, I have t r o u b l e w i t h my eyes." Don't probe i f i t seems s e n s i t i v e .

Do you have a c o l l e g e degree? What degrees d i d you receive?.

These qu e s t i o n s are asked o n l y i f respondent attended an academic c o l l e g e (Barber, or Beauty, or S e c r e t a r y "Colleges" are simply v a r i e t i e s o f "o t h e r t r a i n i n g , s c h o o l i n g . " )

We want t o know whether they graduated and what degrees they got. A p p r o p r i a t e answers f o r M10 are BS, MSW, MD, BA.

Are you a Veteran?

A v e t e r a n i s anyone who has been a member o f the U.S. Armed Services and i s hence e n t i t l e d t o v e t e r a n ' s b e n e f i t s . He need n o t be a war v e t e r a n .

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M12 How many b r o t h e r s and s i s t e r s d i d you have?

We want the number of s i b l i n g s i n the Head's f a m i l y when he was growing up. They need not a l l be a l i v e now.

M13 Were your p a r e n t s poor when you were growing up, p r e t t y w e l l o f f , or what?

We want the respondent's s u b j e c t i v e e s t i m a t e here. I f he mentions t h a t he was not l i v i n g w i t h h i s parents then the q u e s t i o n a p p l i e s to the f a m i l y he grew up w i t h . "Poor," "Average," "Comfortable," " I t was the depression b ut we were no poorer than anyone e l s e , " are a l l a c c e p t a b l e . I f the respondent had no f a m i l y , note t h i s and c o n t i n u e .

M14-15 How much e d u c a t i o n d i d your f a t h e r have? Could he read and w r i t e ?

I f the R i n d i c a t e s no r e c o l l e c t i o n o f a male head of f a m i l y when he was growing up, omit these q u e s t i o n s .

I f the Head's f a t h e r d i e d w h i l e he was very young, you may ask these q u e s t i o n s about the male who was h i s s t e p - f a t h e r or gu a r d i a n about the time when he was growing up.

NOTE: When you have asked a l l the que s t i o n s i n t h i s s e c t i o n you should next go t o the Cover Sheet, Page 4, IN ALL CASES. The qu e s t i o n s asked on page 4 o f the cover sheet d i f f e r a c c o r d i n g t o which sample you are i n t e r v i e w i n g , and a c c o r d i n g t o which p a r t o f those samples. I n s t r u c t i o n s f o r u s i n g the word l i s t f o l l o w , a f t e r the i n s t r u c t i o n s f o r S e c t i o n N (By O b s e r v a t i o n S e c t i o n ) , as do i n s t r u c t i o n s f o r a s k i n g the que s t i o n s necessary t o s e c u r i n g a r e i n t e r v i e w .

SECTION N

Do not ask any o f these q u e s t i o n o f your R, but complete t h i s s e c t i o n as soon as p o s s i b l e a f t e r the i n t e r v i e w , w h i l e you s t i l l remember the i n t e r v i e w s i t u a t i o n .

N l Who was pre s e n t d u r i n g i n t e r v i e w ?

This should i n c l u d e people p r e s e n t l o n g enough so t h a t they c o u l d e i t h e r be d i s t r a c t i n g or perhaps i n f l u e n c e the r e p l i e s o f the respondent. C h i l d r e n and o t h e r a d u l t s , by r e l a t i o n t o head i f you can t e l l , should be give n here. "Three c h i l d r e n i n and o u t " i s an adequate r e p l y . You needn't r e c o r d y o u r s e l f here.

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Who was respondent?

We have asked you t o i n t e r v i e w the head of the FU, but i n cases where he w i l l be away f o r the e n t i r e i n t e r v i e w i n g p e r i o d , someone othe r than the head may have been your R.

Race?

This q u e s t i o n r e f e r s t o the HEAD o f the f a m i l y , but notf i n margin i f f a m i l y i s r a c i a l l y mixed.

Number o f c a l l s

Count as separate c a l l s , those t h a t are one hour or more a p a r t ; i n f o r m a t i o n can be t r a n s f e r r e d from the C a l l Record on Page 1 of the Cover Sheet.

How c l e a n was the i n t e r i o r o f the DU?

A l l t h a t i s needed here i s your i m p r e s s i o n of the room you were i n when t a k i n g the i n t e r v i e w and nearby rooms t h a t may have been v i s i b l e t o you. A l o o k o f chaos or temporary d i s a r r a y does not n e c e s s a r i l y imply d i r t i n e s s , so the f a c t tha t t o y s , newspapers, and hobbies are a l l over the place should not i n f l u e n c e your r e p l y , nor should the c o s t , q u a l i t y , or newness of the DU or i t s f u r n i s h i n g s i n f l u e n c e your answer.

How much r e a d i n g m a t e r i a l was v i s i b l e i n the DU?

Reading m a t e r i a l does not, r e f e r t o t h i n g s t h a t o b v i o u s l y belong t o the c h i l d r e n , e.g., c h i l d r e n ' s comic books,

c h i l d r e n ' s school books, e t c . I t does r e f e r t o t h i n g s t h a t might be read by the head of the f a m i l y and/or h i s w i f e . Obviously the r e p l y here m i g h t be s l i g h t l y biased since the room where the i n t e r v i e w was taken may be the only room where t h e r e i s no r e a d i n g m a t e r i a l s . But do not ask t o i n s p e c t the DU f o r r e a d i n g m a t e r i a l .

About how many times d i d you have t o repeat a question?

Repeating q u e s t i o n s f o r any purpose should be counted. A q u a l i ­t a t i v e r e p l y such as "many times" i s a c c e p t a b l e , but i f you w r i t e "R.Q." ( r e p e a t q u e s t i o n ) by those q u e s t i o n s you had t o r e p e a t , you should be able t o p r o v i d e us w i t h a q u a n t i t a t i v e r e p l y .

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N8 About how many times d i d you have t o ask R t o r e p e a t a r e p l y ? whether or not you had t o ask R t o r e p e a t a r e p l y because o f a f o r e i g n a ccent, r e g i o n a l accent, speech d e f e c t , low v o i c e , or whatever, i t should be counted as havi n g t o ask R t o r e p e a t a r e p l y .

N9 Does R have any obvious d i s f i g u r e m e n t s or h a b i t s which m i g h t make i t d i f f i c u l t f o r him t o get a job? Examples of such handicaps might be severe nervousness, speech d e f e c t s , extreme o b e s i t y , severe scars or b i r t h m a r k s , c e r e b r a 1 p a l s y , o t h e r p a r a l y s i s , obvious a l c o h o l i s m , e t c . Exclude minor annoyances such as an unpleasant v o i c e . We expect these charac­t e r i s t i c s t o ap p l y o n l y t o a s m a l l f r a c t i o n o f the p o p u l a t i o n .

N10 What i s the name o f the nearest c i t y o f 50,000 or more? I t would be a good idea to have a s t a t e road map when answering t h i s q u e s t i o n . Remember t h a t i n l a r g e m e t r o p o l i t a n areas t h e r e are o f t e n suburban c i t i e s over 50,000. I f t h i s address i s c l o s e r t o such a suburban c i t y than t o the c e n t r a l c i t y t h e n we.want the name o f the suburban c i t y here. There w i l l be some ambiguous cases. The DU may be c l o s e r t o a l a r g e s p r a w l i n g c i t y i f you measure t o the c i t y l i m i t s b ut not as c l o s e as t o another i f you measure t o the c e n t r a l business d i s t r i c t s . I n such cases, l i s t b oth and e x p l a i n .

N i l How f a r i s t h i s DU from the center o f t h a t c i t y ? Center o f the c i t y r e f e r s t o the c e n t r a l business d i s t r i c t . I f the s i t u a t i o n i s ambiguous, e x p l a i n , and perhaps s k e t c h a map.

N12 Type o f s t r u c t u r e i n which f a m i l y l i v e s 1. T r a i l e r - i n c l u d e those which have been s e t up permanently on

a l o t , even i f a d d i t i o n a l rooms have been added. 2. Detached s i n g l e f a m i l y house - s t r u c t u r e housing one f a m i l y

and not a t t a c h e d t o another d w e l l i n g . 3. 2-Family house, 2 u n i t s s i d e by s i d e , o f t e n c a l l e d a duplex.

I t u s u a l l y has separate entrances f o r each u n i t . 4. 2-Family house, 2 u n i t s one above the o t h e r . This may have

been o r i g i n a l l y designed as two u n i t s , or have been converted from a 1 f a m i l y house. May or may not have separate e n t r a n c e .

5. Detached 3-4 f a m i l y house t h i s ' c a n i n c l u d e a l a r g e house converted t o apartments or a s m a l l apartment house. I f the b u i l d i n g i s a t t a c h e d t o o t h e r s i n the b l o c k , cross o f f the word "detached."

6. Row house: This i s a s i n g l e f a m i l y u n i t w i t h a separate entrance i n a row o f such u n i t s , a t t a c h e d so t h a t they share common sid e w a l l s .

7. Apartment i n a p a r t i a l l y commercial s t r u c t u r e . This may be an apartment l o c a t e d above or i n back o f a s t o r e or business or l i v i n g q u a r t e r s t h a t are p a r t o f one plac e o f business. I n c l u d e a l s o l a r g e apartment b u i l d i n g s w i t h shops on the f i r s t f l o o r . A doc t o r ' s or- lawyer's or oth e r p r o f e s s i o n a l ' s o f f i c e - a s i n g l e home should not be counted.

8. I f you have any doubts d e s c r i b e the s t r u c t u r e .

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64.

N13 Neighborhood

1. Check the types o f 3 s t r u c t u r e s t h a t are i n the respondent's immediate neighborhood on each s i d e b ut not more than 100 yards away — the l e n g t h o f a f o o t b a l l f i e l d . Do not i n c l u d e the s t r u c t u r e i n which R h i m s e l f l i v e s , houses on the o t h e r s i d e o f the s t r e e t or houses i n back o f R's house which form another s t r e e t .

2. The "vacant land ONLY" cat e g o r y a p p l i e s i n cases where there i s no s t r u c t u r e w i t h i n 100 yards o f R's DU on e i t h e r s i d e . I f the land i s vacant o n l y on one side of R's DU, then j u s t check the a p p r o p r i a t e box(es) f o r s t r u c t u r e s on the other s i d e .

N14 I s t h i s DU l o c a t e d i n a p u b l i c housing p r o j e c t ?

By " p u b l i c housing p r o j e c t " we mean government sponsored low r e n t housing. P r o j e c t s are u s u a l l y d i s t i n g u i s h e d by a l a r g e number o f u n i t s w i t h s i m i l a r , u s u a l l y u n i n s p i r e d , a r c h i t e c t u r e . The respon­dent i s a l s o l i k e l y t o r e f e r t o i t as a p r o j e c t d u r i n g the i n t e r v i e w .

THUMBNAIL SKETCH

Please d e s c r i b e t h i n g s which may i n d i c a t e the amount o f f a m i l y s o l i d a r i t y or f r i c t i o n and the respondents i n t e r e s t i n the i n t e r v i e w . A l s o are t h e r e any f a c t o r s which would be i m p o r t a n t i n e x p l a i n i n g the f a m i l i e s economic s t a t u s b ut which were not covered f u l l y or a t a l l i n the i n t e r v i e w ? We would a l s o l i k e you i n t h i s Thumbnail sketch t o r a n k the c o n d i t i o n o f the d w e l l ­i n g u n i t and the neighborhood i n which t h i s f a m i l y l i v e s . So f a r as the housing i s concerned note e s p e c i a l l y whether or not th e r e i s evidence o f o n l y an o u t s i d e t o i l e t , no r u n n i n g water, or whether t h e r e are any r e a l l y b a s i c r e p a i r s t h a t need t o be done. When r a n k i n g the neighborhood, you might take the f o l l o w ­i n g i n t o c o n s i d e r a t i o n : j u n k and l i t t e r i n the s t r e e t s or a l l e y s , the presence o f many o l d abandoned houses, the presence o f drunks and o t h e r human d e r e l i c t s around the area.

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The U n i v e r s i t y o f Michigan Survey Research Center March 1968

SUPPLEMENT TO P. 45768 INSTRUCTION BOOK - INSTRUCTIONS FOR CENSUS SAMPLE

INTRODUCTION

These i n s t r u c t i o n s are t o be used i n c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h t h e main i n s t r u c t i o n book, f o r t h e Panel Study of Family Economics. Those o f you who have b o t h c r o s s -s e c t i o n and Census samples have a l r e a d y r e c e i v e d t h e main i n s t r u c t i o n book and those o f you who have o n l y t h e Census sample w i l l r e c e i v e i t w i t h these s u p p l e ­mentary i n s t r u c t i o n s . S e c t i o n I and IV of t h e main i n s t r u c t i o n book a re a p p l i c a b l e i n t h e i r e n t i r e t y t o b o t h samples; S e c t i o n I I i s a p p l i c a b l e o n l y t o the c r o s s - s e c t i o n ; some p a r t s o f S e c t i o n I I I are a p p l i c a b l e t o bo t h samples and o t h e r s are a p p l i c a b l e t o o n l y t h e c r o s s - s e c t i o n . I n t e r v i e w e r s who have Census sample o n l y , t h e n , may s k i p over S e c t i o n I I o f t h e main i n s t r u c t i o n book b u t must read t h e o t h e r t h r e e s e c t i o n s .

SAMPLING PROCEDURES FOR THE REINTERVIEW SAMPLE

Sample o f F a m i l i e s

The names sent t o you on addressed cover sheets i d e n t i f y a sample o f f a m i l i e s i n t e r v i e w e d I n 1967 by the Census Bureau. You may I n some cases r e c e i v e t he name o f two f a m i l i e s a t t h e same address. Whatever t h e s i t u a t i o n may be, you are t o i n t e r v i e w o n l y i n those f a m i l i e s I d e n t i f i e d by the names and addresses appearing on t h e y e l l o w cover s h e e t s . You are not t o i n q u i r e about a d d i t i o n a l f a m i l i e s w i t h i n t h e d w e l l i n g or about a d d i t i o n a l d w e l l i n g s a t an address. Furthermore, i f a sample f a m i l y has moved from the address shown on the cover sheet , you are t o t r y t o determine t h e p r e s e n t address o f t h e f a m i l y and i n t e r ­view t h e f a m i l y head a t t h e new address i f i t i s w i t h i n your sample area. (Do not i n t e r v i e w t h e new f a m i l y a t t h e 1967 address from which t h e sample f a m i l y has moved.) I f t h e new address i s o u t s i d e o f your area, send t h e cover sheet w i t h the new address n o t e d , t o t h e F i e l d O f f i c e .

I f an a d u l t f a m i l y member has l e f t t h e f a m i l y d u r i n g the past y e a r , you are t o determine t h e new address o f t h e a d u l t and I n t e r v i e w t h e head o f t h e new f a m i l y u n i t a t t h e new address ( o r send t h e cover sheet t o t h e F i e l d O f f i c e when t h e new address i s l o c a t e d o u t s i d e your a r e a ) .

I f t h e r e are any a d u l t s who q u a l i f y as s u b f a m i l i e s w i t h i n the sample f a m i l y , each s u b f a m i l y head i s t o be i n t e r v i e w e d .

Sampling M a t e r i a l s f o r t h e Study

1- Addressed y e l l o w Cover Sheets

I n i t e m 6 on page one the name o f t h e f a m i l y head and t h e 1967 address appear. I n a d d i t i o n t h e age, sex and race o f t h e head, and the number of persons i n t h e f a m i l y u n i t (FU) have been recorded.

2. Unaddressed p i n k Cover Sheets

A p i n k cover sheet i s t o be made out f o r : ( a) each s u b f a m i l y w i t h i n a main f a m i l y whose name and address i s on a y e l l o w cover s h e e t ; and (b) each a d u l t who has l e f t t h e main f a m i l y s i n c e t h e 1967 i n t e r v i e w was taken.

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3- Sample Address Summaries (green)

The sample address summaries have been prepared t o h e l p the o f f i c e c o n t a c t w i t h r e c o r d keeping. These forms a re not t o be r e t u r n e d t o the F i e l d O f f i c e .

L o c a t i n g t h e 1967 Addresses

G e n e r a l l y , t h e address on t h e y e l l o w cover sheet w i l l be c l e a r and complete and can be l o c a t e d w i t h o u t d i f f i c u l t y . Because t h e o r i g i n a l sample was a segment sample, you may f i n d t h a t t h e r e a r e s e v e r a l addresses w i t h i n a neighborhood. The codes appearing i n t h e upper r i g h t - h a n d box on the y e l l o w cover sheet i n c l u d e a segment number and a household s e r i a l number, as w e l l as PSU and f a m i l y codes, a r r a n g e d as f o l l o w s :

1020 - 0 fef Family u n i t i d e n t i f i c a t i o n , )

i Household s e r i a l number>

T h e r e f o r e , w i t h i n a PSU, we may expect t h a t cover sheets h a v i n g the same segment number w i l l have nearby addresses; i f you can l o c a t e one address w i t h i n a segment, t h e o t h e r s should n o t be d i f f i c u l t t o f i n d .

N o t i c e t h a t I n a d d i t i o n t o the address, I t e m 6 on t h e y e l l o w cover sheet some­times c o n t a i n s a telephone number which may h e l p you t o l o c a t e t he sample f a m i l y .

I f vou are unable t o l o c a t e a sample address, w r i t e t h e F i e l d O f f i c e .

Whom t o I n t e r v i e w

The p r e f e r r e d respondents a re heads o f f a m i l i e s as e x p l a i n e d on pages 9 and 10 o f t h e I n s t r u c t i o n Book f o r the Panel Study o f Family Economics.

Page 3 o f t h e y e l l o w cover sheet and the i n t e r v i e w w i t h t he f a m i l y head w i l l g i v e y o u d i r e c t i o n on when t o i n t e r v i e w a s u b f a m i l y o r an a d u l t who l e f t the main f a m i l y d u r i n g t h e pa s t year.

Use o f P i n k Cover Sheets

When i t has been determined ( f r o m the i n t e r v i e w w i t h t h e main f a m i l y ) t h a t an a d u l t who l e f t t he f a m i l y , or a s u b f a m i l y i s t o be i n t e r v i e w e d , a p i n k cover sheet I s t o be prepared by e n t e r i n g I n f o r m a t i o n on page 1 , as f o l l o w s :

1. To the upper r i g h t - h a n d fcox, t r a n s c r i b e t h e I d e n t i f i c a t i o n codes from the c o r r e s p o n d i n g box on page 1 o f t h e y e l l o w cover sheet.

2. I n i t e m 2 r e c o r d t h e PSU name as i t appears i n I t e m 2 o f t h e y e l l o w cover s h e e t . Items 3, 4 and 5 are t o be completed l a t e r , as a p p r o p r i a t e .

3. The i d e n t i f y i n g i n f o r m a t i o n t o be recorded i n i t e m 6 i s determined i n the f o l l o w i n g way:

a. I f t h e p i n k cover sheet i s t o be used f o r an a d u l t who l e f t t he main f a m i l y : T r a n s c r i b e the name and address from s e c t i o n 2, page 3, o f t h e y e l l o w cover sheet.

b . I f the p i n k cover sheet I s t o be used f o r a s u b f a m i l y : On the p i n k cover sheet r e c o r d t h e name o f t h e a d u l t ( o r of t h e s u b f a m i l y head when t h e r e i s more than one person i n the s u b f a m i l y ) . The address i s t o be the c u r r e n t address o f the s u b f a m i l y ( p e r s o n ) .

(PSU C o d e ^ 702 -

fSegment jiumb er

104

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To determine the box t o be checked i n i t e m 6a, r e f e r t o i t e m 6a, page 1, o f t h e y e l l o w cover sheet:

a. I f the f i r s t box i s checked on the y e l l o w cover s h e e t , check t h e f i r s t box on t h e p i n k cover sheet;

b. I f . t h e second box i s checked on t h e y e l l o w cover s h e e t , check the second box on t h e p i n k cover sheet.

Item 7:

a. Check t h e f i r s t box i f t h e p i n k cover sheet i s t o be used w i t h a su b f a m i l y i n t e r v i e w ;

b. Check t h e second box i f t h e p i n k cover sheet i s t o be used f o r an a d u l t who has l e f t t he main f a m i l y .

NOTICE Now t h a t t he p i n k cover sheet has been p r i n t e d , we f i n d our t e r m i n o l o g y c o n f u s i n g . We suggest t h a t t h e term " p r i m a r y " i n i t e m 6 and 7, page 1 , be i n t e r p r e t e d as "main" f a m i l y i d e n t i f i e d by t h e name and address on page 1 o f t h e y e l l o w cover sheet.

When To Use Word L i s t

Please r e f e r t o i t e m 6a on page 1 o f t h e cover s h e e t , y e l l o w and p i n k :

a. I f t h e f i r s t box i s checked, USE WORD LIST.

b. I f the second box i s checked, DO N_OT USE WORD LIST.

Respondents l n Nondwelling U n i t Quarters or on M i l i t a r y R e s e r v a t i o n s

We a r e i n c l u d i n g i n t h e c u r r e n t study some 1967 respondents who a t t h a t time were l i v i n g I n n o n d w e l l i n g u n i t q u a r t e r s o r i n d w e l l i n g s on m i l i t a r y r e s e r v a t i o n s . I f y ou have problems i n l o c a t i n g or c o n t a c t i n g such r e s p o n d e n t s ^ get i n touch w i t h t h e F i e l d O f f i c e . ,f

-132-FIELD NOTES

Study Dates

The s t a r t i n g date o f i n t e r v i e w i n g f o r the Census sample w i l l v a r y because the m a i l i n g o f m a t e r i a l s w i l l be done over a p e r i o d o f t i m e . We w i l l s t a r - J 1 1 ^ m a t e r i a l s on March 18 and from then on w i l l send them as they are P«Pa»«J- T h e

e n d i n g date w i l l be s p e c i f i e d i n d i v i d u a l l y f o r each PSU i n order t o take I n t o account the work load and o t h e r ^ i n d i v i d u a l c o n t i n g e n c i e s . Your PSU snou.u f i n i s h i t s assignment by r / Lj*-*-^. _>/ — •

P r a c t i c e I n t e r v i e w

I f you are w o r k i n g on the c r o s s s e c t i o n sample t o o , then you have a l r e a d y taken a p r a c t i c e i n t e r v i e w , but i f you- are w o r k i n g on o n l y the Census sample and have n o t y e t taken a p r a c t i c e i n t e r v i e w , you must do so before you s t a r t p r o d u c t i o n i n t e r v i e w i n g . I n o r d e r t o p r a c t i c e w i t h a t y p i c a l respondent, you should go i n t o t h e n e a r e s t low-income area and r i n g d o o r b e l l s u n t i l you f i n d the head o f a f a m i l y a v a i l a b l e and w i l l i n g t o be i n t e r v i e w e d , p r e f e r a b l y someone under age 60. E d i t your p r a c t i c e i n t e r v i e w immediately and send i t t o your s u p e r v i s o r . She w i l l r e v i e w I t and send i t back t o you w i t h notes and comments. I f 'y° u have not r e c e i v e d your s u p e r v i s o r ' s comments on the p r a c t i c e i n t e r v i e w when you are ready t o s t a r t i n t e r v i e w i n g , you may s t a r t w i t h o u t h e a r i n g from h e r .

Denote t h i s i n t e r v i e w w i t h the word "PRACTICE*' p r o m i n e n t l y on the f i r s t page and be sure t o a t t a c h your name o r o t h e r i d e n t i f i c a t i o n .

M a t e r i a l s You Should Have For P. 45768 Census Sample

I n s t r u c t i o n Book w i t h Beige Cover and Supplementary I n s t r u c t i o n s f o r Census Sample 1 P e r i n t e r v i e w e r

Q u e s t i o n n a i r e s 1 per y e l l o w cover sheet, p l u s 20% e x t r a s , p l u s 2 per i n t e r v i e w e r

Respondent L e t t e r s t o send t o head o f f a m i l y who i s named on y e l l o w cover sheet 1 f o l d e d and 1 unfolded

per y e l l o w cover sheet

Respondent L e t t e r s t o send t o a d u l t members o f f a m i l y who have moved away s i n c e l a s t year . 5 per i n t e r v i e w e r

Franked' Envelopes f o r Respondent L e t t e r s 1 per y e l l o w cover * sheet p l u s 3 e x t r a s

per i n t e r v i e w e r Word L i s t Show Card 1 per i n t e r v i e w e r i n

s p e c i f i e d PSUs Green Postcard f o r Respondents t o send i n January 1969

t o update addresses 1 per y e l l o w cover sheet, p l u s 10% e x t r a s

"Why Do We Ask You?" Fol d e r s 1 per y e l l o w cover sheet, p l u s 10% e x t r a s

I n t e r v i e w e r ' s Card 1 per y e l l o w cover sheet p l u s 10% e x t r a s

Card f o r D e t e r m i n i n g Family Head 1 per i n t e r v i e w e r Progress Report Forms and P r o j e c t Completion Form 1 set per PSU ( f o r

O f f i c e Contact's use) Copies o f Press Release 2 per PSU E n v e lope(a) o f Sampling M a t e r i a l s (Contains addressed y e l l o w cover sheets,

p i n k cover sheets, maps I n some cases)

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5 Respondent L e t t e r

You should send a respondent l e t t e r t o each family f o r whom you have a y e l l o w cover sheet, timed t o a r r i v e j u s t a few days before you p l a n t o c a l l . Address the l e t t e r s by name and m a i l i n g address. I n some cases you w i l l n o t have m a i l a b l e addresses and w i l l n ot be ab l e t o send a respondent l e t t e r i n advance -i n t h i s case you should j u s t hand a l e t t e r t o the person who comes t o the door. The f o l d e d l e t t e r s are f o r sending out i n the m a i l b e f o r e you v i s i t , and the u n f o l d e d ones are t o c a r r y w i t h you t o show and/or leave w i t h respondents who say they d i d n ' t r e c e i v e a l e t t e r .

You w i l l n ote t h a t we have stamped "Address C o r r e c t i o n Requested" on the f r a n k e d envelopes we have f u r n i s h e d f o r respondent l e t t e r s . T h i s i s t o take advantage of a new p o s t a l s e r v i c e whereby, when m a i l i s forwarded, the sender i s f u r n i s h e d the f o r w a r d i n g address f o r a 15 cents charge. Please paste one o f your i n t e r v i e w e r ' s l a b e l s over the F i e l d O f f i c e r e t u r n address p r i n t e d on the envelope b e f o r e you send each l e t t e r so t h a t the f o r w a r d i n g address w i l l be f u r n i s h e d t o you r a t h e r than t o us. Then, when a respondent has l e f t a f o r w a r d i n g address, the l e t t e r w i l l be forwarded and a Post O f f i c e f o r m showing the new address w i l l be d e l i v e r e d t o you and the 15 cents charge c o l l e c t e d .

We are a l s o sending l e t t e r s f o r those who have moved away from the o r i g i n a l 1967 f a m i l y . Use these as the oc c a s i o n a r i s e s .

Refusals and Persuasion L e t t e r s

I t i s o f t e n u s e f u l t o exchange your r e f u s a l s w i t h a n o t h e r i n t e r v i e w e r ' s r e f u s a l s . O f t e n a d i f f e r e n t person c a l l i n g a t the address w i l l impress the respondent w i t h the importance o f h i s being i n t e r v i e w e d .

I f you f e e l a p e r s o n a l l e t t e r f r o m the o f f i c e , signed by the Center D i r e c t o r , Angus Campbell, might r e v e r s e a r e f u s a l , please w r i t e and request t h a t a per s u a s i o n l e t t e r be s e n t . I n a re q u e s t f o r a pe r s u a s i o n l e t t e r i n c l u d e the f o 11 ow i n g i n f o r ma t i o n :

1) Name and m a i l i n g address, p l u s segment and s e r i a l number f o r f u r t h e r i d e n t i f i c a t i o n .

2) whether you t a l k e d p e r s o n a l l y t o the head, o r whether some o t h e r person k e p t you from g e t t i n g t o the head.

3) Circumstances o f r e f u s a l , p l u s any i n f o r m a t i o n you might have about respondent and/or f a m i l y which might be u s e f u l i n a d a p t i n g a l e t t e r t o the i n d i v i d u a l c i r c u m s t a n c e s .

4) Whether you o r another i n t e r v i e w e r i s going t o c a l l again a f t e r the per s u a s i o n l e t t e r i s s e n t , so t h a t we can mention i n t h e l e t t e r the name o f t he person who i s going t o c a l l .

We w i l l send a carbon copy o f the pe r s u a s i o n l e t t e r t o you on the same day we send the o r i g i n a l t o the respondent.

Progress Report Forms

The person who i s the o f f i c e c o n t a c t i n each PSU must f i l l o u t one o f these forms each F r i d a y and m a i l i t t o h e r / h i s s u p e r v i s o r . She/he need send one t o the F i e l d o f f i c e o n l y on F r i d a y , A p r i l 19. We w i l l be u s i n g the same progress r e p o r t form f o r the Census sample as f o r the cross s e c t i o n sample, so the form

-134-6

i s n o t q u i t e a p p r o p r i a t e i n some regards, such as, f o r example, I t e m 1 mentions i n c l u d i n g newly d i s c o v e r e d DUs a t sample address, whereas f o r the Census sample you w i l l n o t be concerned w i t h any DUs o t h e r t h a n the one where the sample f a m i l y l i v e s . I n c l u d e s p l i t - o f f members and s u b f a m i l i e s i n the t o t a l sample s i z e f i g u r e . C l a s s i f y movers f o r whom you are unable t o get a new address as NS, not N l . Make a separate n o t a t i o n o f the number o f cover sheets t h a t you have returned t o the o f f i c e because the f a m i l y moved t o a place more than 50 m i l e s from an i n t e r v i e w e r i n your PSU, because t h i s type o f case does n o t f i t under any o f the i t e m s on the form.

M a i l i n g Rules

Rule A i n the beige i n s t r u c t i o n book i s n o t a p p l i c a b l e . Use Rule B throughout y o u r i n t e r v i e w i n g on the Census sample.

General I n f o r m a t i o n About t h e Census Sample

See pages 1 through 4 o f the main i n s t r u c t i o n book f o r g e n e r a l i n f o r m a t i o n , e s p e c i a l l y "Census Sample D e t a i l s " on page 3.

Each y e l l o w cover sheet w i l l have typed i n a t i t e m 6, the name o f the head o f a sample f a m i l y , the address where the f a m i l y l i v e d when i n t e r v i e w e d i n March o r A p r i l 1967, the age, sex, and race o f the head, the number o f people i n the f a m i l y a t the time o f the s p r i n g , 1967, i n t e r v i e w , and the phone number as o f l a s t year's i n t e r v i e w . B a s i c a l l y , your j o b w i l l be t o l o c a t e a l l persons c u r r e n t l y between the ages o f 18 and 61 who were members o f t h e sample f a m i l y l a s t year and t o i n t e r v i e w the person determined t o be the head o f the f a m i l y at each l o c a t i o n where a t l e a s t one o f such f a m i l y members now l i v e s . I n most cases, the a d u l t members o f the f a m i l y w i l l s t i l l be t o g e t h e r i n the same househ o l d , e i t h e r at the same address o r a t a new address t h a t they have moved t o t o g e t h e r . But when persons between the ages o f 18 and 61 have separated from t h e main nucleus f a m i l y i n the past year (as p i c k e d up a t Q.13 i n the q u e s t i o n n a i r e ) , then you must t r y t o get t h e i r new address (and e n t e r i t a t i t e m 2 on page 3 o f the y e l l o w cover sheet) and f i l l out a p i n k sheet and i n t e r v i e w them t o o .

Since the Census sample i s a sample o f named f a m i l i e s , you s h o u l d I n t e r v i e w a t an address o n l y those f a m i l i e s named on a y e l l o w cover sheet. Ignore and do n o t i n t e r v i e w u n r e l a t e d secondary f a m i l i e s u n l e s s , o f course, you have a separate c o v e r sheet.

Format o f Cover Sheets

The use o f pages 1 and 2 o f the y e l l o w and p i n k cover sheets w i l l be q u i t e c l e a r . Page 3 o f the y e l l o w cover sheet i s f o r e n t e r i n g i n f o r m a t i o n about f a m i l i e s who have moved t o g e t h e r t o another address, members o f the f a m i l y 18-61 who have l e f t the f a m i l y s i n ce l a s t year ( s p l i t - o f f s ) , and f a m i l y members who meet the c r i t e r i a f o r c o n s i d e r a t i o n as a s u b f a m i l y (pages 22 and 23 o f the q u e s t i o n n a i r e ) . Page 3 o f the p i n k cover sheet i s blank because t h a t cover sheet i s i t s e l f used f o r a s p l i t - o f f or a s u b f a m i l y and thus those Items are n o t a p p l i c a b l e . Page 4 o f the cover sheets i s a c o n t i n u a t i o n o f t h e q u e s t i o n n a i r e . You w i l l note t h a t a t the end o f S e c t i o n M i n the q u e s t i o n n a i r e (page 30) you are i n s t r u c t e d t o t u r n t o page 4 o f the cover sheet. I t e m 5 I s the word l i s t q u e s t i o n which you s h o u l d ask or s k i p depending on which box i s checked a t i t e m 6a on page 1 o f the c o v e r sheet. We w i l l check one o f the boxes a t 6a on the y e l l o w cover sheets and you w i l l need t o check the same box on a p i n k cover sheet f i l l e d out f o r any member o f t h a t f a m i l y . T h i s word l i s t i s b e i n g used f o r o n l y about o n e - f o u r t h o f the Census f a m i l i e s ( i t i s not being used a t a l l f o r the c r o s s s e c t i o n

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7 sample). The remaining follow-up and payment Items should be covered for everyone i n t h i s sample as Indicated.

Note that the t i t l e of the pink cover sheet at the top of the page says "For Moved Adult Family Members," but the pink cover sheet i s a l s o to be used f or a subfamily determined to e x i s t i n a Census sample family. Subfamilies w i l l be rare i i n the Census sample because one of the c r i t e r i a i s an income of $2,000 or more and i t i s n ' t l i k e l y that a member of a poor family, other than the head, would have that much income.

C a l l Procedures

You should attempt to make the f i r s t contact and s e t up an appointment for an interview by phone, whenever the family has a phone. Th i s w i l l be economical and yet we f e e l w i l l not r e s u l t i n a higher r e f u s a l r a t e because these f a m i l i e s w i l l not be l i k e l y to refuse s i n c e they have already been interviewed at l e a s t once and, In the majority of cases, twice, and have signed a r e l e a s e to allow t h e i r responses to be given to the OEO.

Whenever you find out that a family has moved and you cannot locate them through telephone information or the telephone d i r e c t o r y , and you do not get a new address from the Post O f f i c e ( v i a "Address C o r r e c t i o n Requested" procedure) a f t e r a reasonable length of time, please r e t u r n the cover sheet with a d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n of your e f f o r t s to locate the family. We have a v a i l a b l e the name and address of a r e l a t i v e or f r i e n d of the family who should know t h e i r whereabouts', given by the respondent when he was interviewed l a s t year, and we w i l l send you t h i s information i f you draw a blank from telephone information and the Post O f f i c e . When you are able to get a new address f or a moved family, you should enter that new address at item 1 on the top of page 3 of the yellow cover sheet, and then proceed to t r y to get an interview with them at the new address i f i t i a w i t h i n about 50 miles of an interviewer i n your PSU, or send the cover sheet i n to the F i e l d O f f i c e for po s s i b l e reassignment to a c l o s e r PSU i f i t i s more than 50 miles from any interviewer i n your PSU.

Paving Respondents

We are making p r o v i s i o n for paying only the Census sample f a m i l i e s . The c r o s s -s e c t i o n sample respondents w i l l not be paid, or at l e a s t not t h i s year. There are a number of j u s t i f i c a t i o n s for paying these Census f a m i l i e s . F i r s t , we are asking for t h e i r cooperation for a number of years, perhaps four or f i v e . I t i s hoped that t h i s payment w i l l motivate these f a m i l i e s to cooperate with us over t h i s long-term study. Furthermore, these f a m i l i e s we are paying are beli e v e d to have lower than average Incomes and, therefore, there i a a f i n a n c i a l need. I n addition, i t i s known that low-income f a m i l i e s move frequently and leave few t r a c e s so that i t would l i k e l y be p r o h i b i t i v e l y expensive to t r y to loca t e them in any other way than paying them to keep us informed as to t h e i r whereabouts. I t i s true that some of the c r o s s - s e c t i o n respondents w i l l be as poor as the respondents from the Census sample; however, we are in t e r v i e w i n g them f o r the f i r s t time, and probably w i l l decide to pay them i f we do follow-up and Interview them the second year. Ypu should never make mention of remuneration at a l l to any of the c r o s s - s e c t i o n respondents.

There are two d i f f e r e n t types of respondent l e t t e r s , one for the Cenua sample f a m i l i e s being paid, and one for the c r o s s - s e c t i o n addresses where no payment w i l l be made. The l e t t e r r e c e ived by the one group of p o t e n t i a l respondents w i l l mention remuneration while that f or the other group w i l l make no mention of i t . I f you are in t e r v i e w i n g both Census and c r o s a - s e c t i o n samples, you must be very c a r e f u l to send (or show) only the r i g h t l e t t e r .

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The Census sample was se l e c t e d o r i g i n a l l y using a procedure not unlike that used by SRC, i . e . , segments are used, so i t i s l i k e l y that these f a m i l i e s w i l l be l o c a t e d in clumps of blocks, while your c r o s s - s e c t i o n addresses w i l l be located in o t h e r ( d i f f e r e n t ) clumps of blocks. Hence, the chance of communication between the two groups of respondents i s s l i g h t , and furthermore, the p r o b a b i l i t y of overlapping I s remote. We, therefore, are quite confident that paying one group and not the other w i l l not cause you any problem.

Read c a r e f u l l y pages 66-68 of the main i n s t r u c t i o n book for s p e c i f i c procedures for paying respondents.

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P a r t 4.

L e t t e r and Other Forms

The l e t t e r on the f o l l o w i n g page i s a sample of a l e t t e r sent t o

respondents announcing t h a t the i n t e r v i e w e r i s going t o c a l l on them f o r

an i n t e r v i e w . F o l l o w i n g the l e t t e r a r e the cover sheets used f o r the c r o s s -

s e c t i o n sample and the Census supplementary sample. T h e i r use i s d e s c r i b e d

i n P a r t 1 o f t h i s s e c t i o n .

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March 1968

Dear Head of Household:

One o f our l o c a l i n t e r v i e w e r s w i l l be c a l l i n g at your home soon i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h one o f our r e g u l a r surveys. We would l i k e t o i n t e r v i e w the head o f your f a m i l y .

The Survey Research Center of The U n i v e r s i t y of Michigan has been c o n d u c t i n g n a t i o n w i d e surveys f o r over 20 years on t o p i c s of p u b l i c i n t e r e s t . These stud ies are based on p e r sonal i n t e r v i e w s taken a t addresses which have been s c i e n t i f i c a l l y s e l e c t e d t o re p r e s e n t a n a t i o n a l cross s e c t i o n .

We wanted t o l e t you know i n advance about the v i s i t of our i n t e r v i e w e r so t h a t you would not mistake him, or her, f o r a salesperson. Each o f our i n t e r v i e w e r s c a r r i e s an i d e n t i f i c a t i o n c a r d as an employee o f The U n i v e r s i t y of Mich i g a n , and i s happy t o show i t .

We t h i n k you w i l l f i n d t h i s i n t e r v i e w i n t e r e s t i n g and w o r t h w h i l e . The i n f o r m a t i o n you g i v e us w i l l be kept i n complete confidence. We w i l l be happy t o send you a repor of our f i n d i n g s on t h i s s t u d y f r e e of charge as our way of sa y i n g thank you f o r your c o o p e r a t i o n i n t h i s i m p o r t a n t r e s e a r c h .

I f you have any f u r t h e r q u e s t i o n s , please ask our i n t e r v i e w e r .

4 Arfe

* 4

S i n c e r e l y

***** £F*yv* Aifgus Camptrell D i r e c t o r

AC:mb P. 768

(INTERVIEW NUMBER)

-139-COVER SHEET

FOR PRIMARY FAMILIES — CROSS SECTION ADDRESS

P r o j e c t 768 Spr i n g 1968

Family Economics Study

se SURVEY RESEARCH CENTER

INSTITUTE FOR SOCIAL RESEARCH

THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN (Do not write In above spaces.)

1. Interviewer's Label

2. P.S.U..

3. Your Interview No.

4. Date

5. Length of Interview.

6. Segment No.

Address (or d e s c r i p t i o n ) :

7. L i n e No.

9. C i t y 10. State

11. C a l l r e c o r d

C a l l Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 More ( s p e c i f y )

Hour o f the Day (p l u s AM or PM)

Date

Day o f Week

R e s u l t s

12. IN INTERVIEW TAKEN, COMPLETE PAGES 3 AND 4 OF THIS FORM AND ATTACH COVER SHEET TO INTERVIEW, AND MAIL TO FIELD OFFICE.

13. I F __0 INTERVIEW IS TAKEN, COMPLETE PAGES 2 AND 3 OF THIS FORM AND MAIL TO FIELD OFFICE.

-140-

2 NONINTERVIEW NONSAMPLE FORM: (FILL OUT FOR ADDRESSES AT WHICH NO INTERVIEW WAS OBTAINED)

1. INTERVIEWER: Check one HV House Vacant; not being l i v e d i n . Record below i f seasonal DU. AND Address Not a D w e l l i n g . Describe below (commercial, house burned, e t c . ) NAH No one a t Home; DU being l i v e d i n but no one a t home a f t e r r e q u i r e d c a l l s RA Respondent Absent; someone a t DU, but respondent absent. Describe below. Ref R e f u s a l . Give d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n below. Other No i n t e r v i e w obtained f o r reason o t h e r than above; e x p l a i n f u l l y below.

INTERVIEWER: Please supply as much o f the f o l l o w i n g i n f o r m a t i o n as you can, w i t h o u t making i n q u i r i e s o f neighbors. Supply a-e f o r - a l l cases. (Complete

i the L i s t i n g Box on page 4 of cover sheet i f p o s s i b l e . ) a.

d.

e. f .

g.

h. i .

j -k.

What i s the name of the nearest c i t y of 50,000 p o p u l a t i o n or more?

CITY STATE b. How f a r i s t h i s DU from the center of t h a t c i t y ?

LESS THAN 5 MILES

5-14.9 MILES

15-29.9 MILES

30-49.9 MILES

50 OR MORE MILES

Type of s t r u c t u r e i n which f a m i l y l i v e s : • TRAILER _ j DETACHED SINGLE FAMILY HOUSE • 2-FAMILY HOUSE, 2 UNITS SIDE BY SIDE __) 2-FAMILY HOUSE, 2 UNITS ONE ABOVE

THE OTHER • DETACHED 3-4 FAMILY HOUSE • ROW'HOUSE (3 or more u n i t s i n an

att a c h e d row) Neighborhood: Look a t 3 s t r u c t u r e s on each si d e of DU but not more than 100 yards or so i n both d i r e c t i o n s and check as many boxes as apply, below:

• APARTMENT HOUSE (5 or more u n i t s , 3 s t o r i e s or l e s s )

• APARTMENT HOUSE (5 . or more u n i t s , 4 s t o r i e s or more)

• APARTMENT IN A PARTLY COMMERCIAL STRUCTURE

• OTHER ( S p e c i f y )

• VACANT LAND ONLY • TRAILER • DETACHED SINGLE FAMILY HOUSE • 2-FAMILY HOUSE, 2 UNITS SIDE BY SIDE • 2-FAMILY HOUSE, 2 UNITS ONE ABOVE

THE OTHER • DETACHED 3-4 FAMILY HOUSE • ROW HOUSE (3 or more u n i t s i n an

att a c h e d row) I s t h i s DU i n a P u b l i c Housing P r o j e c t ? E s t i m a t e d monthly r e n t o f d w e l l i n g u n i t : • UNDER $50 • $50-99 • $ 1 0 0 - 1 9 9

• APARTMENT HOUSE (5 or more u n i t s , 3 s t o r i e s or l e s s )

• APARTMENT HOUSE (5 or more u n i t s , 4 s t o r i e s or more)

• APARTMENT IN A PARTLY COMMERCIAL STRUCTURE

• WHOLLY COMMERCIAL OR INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE

• OTHER ( S p e c i f y ) • YES • NO

• $200 OR MORE • CAN'T TELL How many a d u l t s i n p r i m a r y f a m i l y ? • ONE (GO TO Q i ) D ™ . • THREE OR MORE • DON'T KNOW

I s t h e r e a married couple i n t h i s p rimary f a m i l y ? • YES • NO •DON'T KNOW Ra ce : • WHITE • NEGRO • OTHER • DON' T KNOW Sex o f Head: • MALE •FEMALE • DON'T KNOW Est i m a t e d age o f Head: • 1 8 - 2 4 • 25-34 Q 35-44 • 45-54

• 55-64 • 65 OR OVER Q DON'T KNOW

3. INTERVIEWER: Space f o r COMMENTS on t h i s n o n i n t e r v i e w s i t u a t i o n

-141-

(FOR EACH ADDRESS)

1. Determine the number o f D w e l l i n g U n i t s a t the L i s t i n g Sheet address r e f e r r e d to i n Item 8, page 1, and check one:

|~~] NO DU's. Complete Nonresponse Form on page 2.

• E x a c t l y _1 DU.

P ] There are (SUPPLY NUMBER) d w e l l i n g s t h a t have NOT been [ l i s t e d s e p a r a t e l y on the Segment L i s t i n g sheet - S210.

Make out the r e q u i r e d number o f w h i t e cover sheets and i n t e r v i e w a t each DU. Add to it e m 8, page 1 a d e s c r i p t i o n o f the DU f o r which t h i s cover sheet i s used. On each w h i t e cover sheet be sure to d e s c r i b e the d w e l l i n g s p e c i f i c a l l y .

2. Determine whether or not any u n r e l a t e d secondary f a m i l i e s i n DU, and check one:

• __0 UNRELATED SECONDARY FAMILIES

THERE ARE (SUPPLY NUMBER) UNRELATED SECONDARY FAMILIES

En t e r a l l persons i n the L i s t i n g Box on Page 4 o f the q u e s t i o n n a i r e , t r a n s f e r r i n g i n f o r m a t i o n from the Primary Family i n t e r v i e w to t h a t o f the secondary. Make out a GREEN cover sheet f o r each Secondary Family, and take an i n t e r v i e w w i t h each one o f them.

(FOR EACH ADDRESS WHERE A PRIMARY INTERVIEW OBTAINED)

3. Note below i f any s u b f a m i l i e s i n Primary FU o f DU (See pages 22-23 f o r c r i t e r i a of s u b f a m i l i e s ) -- and check one:

• NO SUBFAMILIES

SUBFAMILIES

Make sure a l l such persons are i n the L i s t i n g Box on page 4 of the q u e s t i o n n a i r e , t r a n s f e r r i n g i n f o r m a t i o n from the Primary Family i n t e r v i e w t o t h a t of the secondary -- by t h e i r r e l a t i o n or c o n n e c t i o n w i t h head o f the primary f a m i l y ; make out GREEN cover sheet f o r each s u b f a m i l y and take i n t e r v i e w w i t h each one.

-142-

1. I n t e r v i e w e r 1s Label

2. PSU

3. Segment No.

5. Your I n t . No.

6. Date

4. Line

FOLLOW-UP FORM (ASK EVERYONE) 7. We may wish t o t a l k w i t h you again next year t o see how t h i n g s have changed f o r you

May I have your name?

and m a i l i n g address?

(STREET & NUMBER) (CITY & STATE)

I f we want t o c o n t a c t you by phone, c o u l d I have t h a t number?

•NO PHONE QREFUSED (AREA CODE) (LOCAL NUMBER)

10. J u s t i n case you move, would you giv e me the mane and address o f someone who would know where you w i l l be then, l i k e a c l o s e r e l a t i v e ?

(NAME)

(STREET _ NUMBER) (CITY & STATE)

BE SURE TO COMPLETE PAGE 3 OF THIS FORM. I F SUBFAMILIES, MAKE APPOINTMENT FOR INTERVIEW,

11. INTERVIEWER: COMPLETE REMAINDER OF FORM WHEN EDITING FILL OUT USING LISTING BOX ON PAGE 4 OF INTERVIEW ( I F SECONDARIES AND/OR SUBFAMILIES,

A d u l t s by R e l a t i o n s h i p or Connection t o Head Sex Age Race FU #

I n d i c a t e Respondent

by (/)

Remarks: Note a n y t h i n g l i k e l y t o help you iden­t i f y t h i s FU next year

HEAD o f D w e l l i n g U n i t

(INTERVIEW NUMBER)

-143-COVER SHEET

FOR UNRELATED SECONDARIES OR SUBFAMILIES

CROSS SECTION ADDRESSES

Project 768 Spring 1968

Family Economics Study

I S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H C E N T E R

^ ^ Y ^ V INST ITUTE FOR SOCIAL RESEARCH

^ _ r l \ _ # 1 THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN (Do not write in above spaces.)

1. Interviewer's Label

2. P. S . U . .

3. Your Interview No.

4. Date

5. Length of Interview

6. Segment No. 7. Line No.

Address (or d e s c r i p t i o n ) :

9. City 10. State

11. CHECK ONE: [ [ Unrelated Secondary Family [ [ Subfamily -- Related to Primary, but meets c r i t e r i a of subfamily (See pp. 22-23 of

Questionnaire) 12. Call record

Call Number 4 5' More (specify)

Hour.of the Day (plus AM or PM)

Date

Day of Week

Results

13. IF INTERVIEW TAKEN, COMPLETE PAGE 4 OF THIS FORM AND ATTACH COVER SHEET TO INTERVIEW, AND MAIL TO FIELD OFFICE.

14. IF NO INTERVIEW IS TAKEN, COMPLETE PAGE 2 OF THIS FORM AND MAIL TO FIELD OFFICE.

-144-

INTERVIEWER: Check one NONINTERVIEW FORM

RA Respondent Absent; someone at DU, but respondent absent. Describe below. REF Refusal. Give detailed description below. OTHER -- No interview obtained f o r reason other than the above; explain f u l l y below

INTERVIEWER: Please supply as much of the f o l l o w i n g information as you can, without making i n q u i r i e s of neighbors. Supply a-e for a l l cases. (Complete the L i s t i n g Box on page 4 of cover sheet i f possible.)

What i s the name of the nearest c i t y of 50,000 population or more?

CITY STATE

b. How far i s t h i s DU from the center of that c i t y ?

LESS THAN 5 MILES

5-14.9 MILES

15-29.9 MILES

30-49.9 MILES

50 OR MORE MILES

Type of structure i n which family l i v e s : • TRAILER J DETACHED SINGLE FAMILY HOUSE •2-FAMILY HOUSE, 2 UNITS SIDE BY SIDE • 2-FAMILY HOUSE, 2 UNITS ONE ABOVE

THE OTHER • DETACHED 3-4 FAMILY HOUSE • ROW HOUSE (3 or more units i n an

attached row) Neighborhood: Look at 3 structures on each side of DU but not more than 100 yards or so i n both d i r e c t i o n s and check as many boxes as apply, below:

• APARTMENT HOUSE (5 or more u n i t s , 3 s t o r i e s or less)

• APARTMENT HOUSE (5 or more u n i t s , 4 s t o r i e s or more)

• APARTMENT IN A PARTLY COMMERCIAL STRUCTURE

• OTHER (Specify)

| VACANT LAND ONLY j TRAILER ] DETACHED SINGLE FAMILY HOUSE

• 2-FAMILY HOUSE, 2 UNITS SIDE BY SIDE • 2-FAMILY HOUSE, 2 UNITS ONE ABOVE

THE OTHER • DETACHED 3-4 FAMILY HOUSE • ROW HOUSE (3 or more un i t s i n an

attached row)

• APARTMENT HOUSE (5 or more u n i t s , 3 s t o r i e s or less)

• APARTMENT HOUSE (5 or more u n i t s , 4 s t o r i e s or more)

• APARTMENT IN A PARTLY COMMERCIAL STRUCTURE

• WHOLLY COMMERCIAL OR INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE

• OTHER (Specify)

$200 OR MORE •

DON'T

Is t h i s DU i n a Public Housing Project? Q YES • N 0

Estimated monthly rent r - U N D E R $ 5 0 p $50-99 • $ 1 0 0 - 1 9 9 M of dwelling u n i t : 1— 1 — 1—1 1— 1

How many adults i n family? • ONE (GO TO Q. i ) • TWO • ™ M Q R E • ^

Is there a married couple i n t h i s (sub) family? • YES • NO • DON'T KNOW

Race: • WHITE • NEGRO • OTHER • DON' T KNOW

Sex of Head: • MALE • FEMALE •DON'T KNOW

Estimated age of Head: • 1 8 - 2 4 • 25-34 • 35-44 Q 4 5 - 5 4 • 5 5 - 6 0

• 61-64 • 65 and over • DON'T KNOW

CAN'T TELL

INTERVIEWER: Space for COMMENTS on t h i s noninterview s i t u a t i o n

-145-

1. Interviewer s Label

2. PSU

3. Segment No.

5. Your I n t . No.

6. Date

4. Line

FOLLOW-UP FORM (ASK EVERYONE) 7. We may wish to t a l k w i th you again next year to see how things have changed f o r you.

May I have your name?

and mailing address?

(STREET & NUMBER) (CITY & STATE)

9. I f we want to contact you by phone, could I have that number?

• NO PHONE • REFUSED (AREA CODE) (LOCAL NUMBER)

10. Just i n case you move, would you give me the name and address of someone who would know where you w i l l be then, l i k e a close r e l a t i v e ?

(NAME)

(STREET & NUMBER) (CITY & STATE)

INTERVIEWER: COMPLETE REMAINDER OF FORM WHEN EDITING

11. F i l l out using l i s t i n g box on page 4 of interview (Be sure to include primary family)

Adults by Relationship or Connection to Head Sex Age Race FU #

Indica te Respondent

by (•)

Remarks: Note anything l i k e l y to help you iden­t i f y t h i s FU next year

HEAD of Dwelling Unit .—

(INTERVIEW NUMBER)

-146-COVER SHEET FOR

REINTERVIEW SAMPLE FAMILY AT ADDRESS LAST YEAR

Project 768 Spring 1968

Family Economics Study

SIB S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H C E N T E R

INSTITUTE FOR SOCIAL RESEARCH

THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

1. Interviewer's Label

2. P S U

3. Your Interview No.

4. Date

5. Length of Interview,

Name of Head Street &. No.

Age Sex Race City & State Zip

Local Tel. # 6a. CHECK ONE: • Use Item 5 on Page 4 for t h i s f amily (Word L i s t )

| [ Do not use Item 5 on Page 4 for t h i s family (Word L i s t )

7. Is t h i s where (LAST NAME) l i v e ( s ) ? • Yes (INTERVIEW THE FAMILY HEAD) | | No, someone else here \ | House Vacant Q Address not a dwelling

DO NOT INTERVIEW AT THIS ADDRESS. Try to get the new address(es) of the adult members of the (NAME) family who l i v e d here l a s t year,. ENTER ON PAGE 3 OF THIS FORM.

8. C a l l Record Call Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 or more

Hour of the Day (plus AM or PM)

Date

Day of Week

Results

9. IF INTERVIEW TAKEN COMPLETE PAGES 3-4 OF THIS FORM AND ATTACH COVER SHEET TO INTERVIEW AND MAIL, TO FIELD OFFICE.

10. IF FAMILY HAS MOVED OUTSIDE YOUR AREA, RETURN THIS SHEET TO THE FIELD OFFICE IMMEDIATELY. 11. IF NO INTERVIEW TAKEN, OR FAMILY LOST, COMPLETE PAGE 2 OF THIS FORM.

-147-NONINTERVIEW FORM

1. INTERVIEWER: Check One [—1 Ref Refusal. Give detailed de s c r i p t i o n below.

NER No e l i g i b l e respondent. LOST --- FU moved, cannot locate new address Describe e f f o r t s to locate R. Other -- Explain.

2. INTERVIEWER: Please supply as much of the fol l o w i n g information you can, without making i n q u i r i e s of neighbors. Supply a-e for a l l cases. (Complete l i s t i n g box on page 4 of questionnaire i f possible -- attach i t to t h i s cover sheet before r e t u r n i n g to Field O f f i c e . )

What i s "the name of the nearest c i t y of 50,000 population or more? CITY STATE

How f a r i s t h i s DU from the center of that c i t y ? LESS THAN

5 MILES 5-14.9 MILES

15-29.9 MILES

30-49.9 MILES

50 OR MORE MILES

Type of structure i n which family l i v e s : • TRAILER • DETACHED SINGLE FAMILY HOUSE • 2-FAMILY HOUSE, 2 UNITS SIDE BY SIDE • 2-FAMILY HOUSE, 2 UNITS ONE ABOVE

THE OTHER • DETACHED 3-4 FAMILY HOUSE • 'ROW HOUSE (-3 or more un i t s i n an

attached row) Neighborhood: Look at 3 structures on each side of DU but not more than 100 yards or so i n both d i r e c t i o n s and check as many boxes as apply, below:

• APARTMENT HOUSE (5 or more u n i t s ,

• APARTMENT HOUSE (5 or more u n i t s , 3 s t o r i e s or less)

• APARTMENT HOUSE (5 or more u n i t s , 4 s t o r i e s or more)

• APARTMENT IN A PARTLY COMMERCIAL STRUCTURE

• OTHER (Specify) ..

VACANT LAND ONLY TRAILER DETACHED SINGLE FAMILY HOUSE 2-FAMILY" HOUSE, 2 UNITS SIDE BY SIDE 2-FAMILY HOUSE, 2 UNITS ONE ABOVE THE OTHER

• DETACHED 3-4 FAMILY HOUSE • ROW HOUSE (3 or more un i t s i n an

attached row)

3 s t o r i e s or less) • APARTMENT HOUSE (5 or more u n i t s ,

4 s t o r i e s or more) • APARTMENT IN A PARTLY COMMERCIAL

STRUCTURE • WHOLLY COMMERCIAL OR INDUSTRIAL

STRUCTURE • OTHER (Specify)

I s t h i s DU located i n a Public Housing Project? • YES • NO

Estimated monthly rent of

dwelling u n i t : QUNDER $50 • $50-99 Q100-199 • $200 OR MORE • CAN'T TELL

i n " t h i s 7 f a m i l y ? • ONE (GO TO Q. i ) • TWO Q THREE OR MORE Q DON' T KNOW • D O N ' T KNOW

_ • D O N ' T KNOW

I s there a married couple i n th i s family? • YES • NO Race: • WHITE • NEGRO • OTHER

Sex of Head: • MALE •FEMALE • DON'T KNOW Estimated age of Head: • 1 8 - 2 4 • ' 2 5 - 3 4 • 35-44 • 4 5 - 5 4 • 55-61 • CAN'T TELL

3. INTERVIEWER: Space for COMMENTS on t h i s noninterview s i t u a t i o n

-148-

IF NO MEMBERS OF THE SAMPLE FAMILY ARE LIVING AT THE ORIGINAL ADDRESS ENTER NEW ADDRESS HERE. IF ENTIRE FAMILY HAS MOVED AND SPLIT ENTER THE NEW ADDRESS FOR THE LARGEST PART OF THE FAMILY HERE, AND ADDRESSES FOR OTHER ADULTS (AGED 18-61) IN SECTION"2 (BELOW).

NAME

ADDRESS . (New s t r e e t and number) (New City and State)

I f new address i s i n your area, go there and take an interview with the head of this f a m i l y . I f i t i s outside your area r e t u r n t h i s cover sheet to the f i e l d o f f i c e .

I f the sample family i s not at the new address, continue to trace them. DO NOT INTERVIEW ANY OTHER FAMILY.

Use t h i s cover sheet for the family l i s t e d i n 1 (above). Do not make out a pink cover sheet unless some adult members of the family have l e f t the family since l a s t year, or you discover subfamilies.

IF ANY ADULT MEMBER(S) (AGED 18-61) HAVE LEFT THE FAMILY SINCE LAST YEAR LIST THEIR NEW ADDRESS BELOW (See Q. B14, Page 4)

NAME

ADDRESS

(New s t r e e t and number) (New City and State)

NAME ,

ADDRESS (New street and number) (New City and State)

F i l l out pink cover sheet for each person l i s t e d i n section 2, I f the pink coyer sheet address i s i n your area, take an interview w i t h the head of the new family u n i t (e.g., I f a daughter married and moved to l i v e w i t h her husband, i n t e r v i e w him) I f the sample family member i s not at the new address, continue to trace him or her. DO NOT INTERVIEW IN ANY HOUSEHOLD NOT CONTAINING AT LEAST ONE ADULT WHO LIVED WITH THE ORIGINAL SAMPLE FAMILY LAST YEAR. Item 6a on a l l pink cover sheets f o r t h i s family should be checked to agree with item 6a on t h i s yellow sheet.

ARE THERE ANY ADULTS AGED 18-61 WHO QUALIFY FOR A SUBFAMILY INTERVIEW? See Pages 22-23 of Questionnaire YES • NO

(IF SUBFAMILIES) J ; ; : :

Make out a PINK cover sheet f o r each subfamily and take interview with each one. Make sure a l l such persons are i n the L i s t i n g Box on page 4 of Primary's question­naire. Item 6a on a l l pink cover sheets for t h i s subfamily should be checked to agree w i t h item 6a on t h i s yellow cover sheet.

-149-

2. PSU 1. PLACE INTERVIEWER'S LABEL HERE

3. Your I n t . #

4. Date

5. INTERVIEWER: SEE ITEM 6a ON PAGE 1 OF THIS FORM. USE THIS Q. ONLY WHEN INDICATED Now here i s one l a s t thing that i s a l i t t l e d i f f e r e n t . We want to know whether you are f a m i l i a r with some words. (HAND PICTURE CARD TO RESPONDENT)

Here i s a card with four pictures on i t . I ' l l read some words, and you t e l l me the number of the best p i c t u r e f o r each word I say. I f the word i s not f a m i l i a r to you, j u s t say so.

RECORD PICTURE RECORD PICTURE READ THESE WORDS NUMBER READ THESE WORDS NUMBER

dancing [ r e s p e c t f u l H fence 2 daring "3 music pedestrian _J_ pepper 2- f l u i d 2-woma n ' d i s c i p l i n e H school M saccharin couples I c o r d i a l i t y j _

(ASK EVERYONE) 6. Thank you for helping i n t h i s research. When I send t h i s interview i n t o the Survey

Research Center, the University w i l l send you f i v e d o l l a r s , but for them to do t h i s , I must have your name and the proper m a i l i n g address:

RESPONDENT'S NAME (FULL FIRST NAME OR 2 INITIALS, AND, SURNAME)

MAILING ADDRESS I (Street and Number) (City and State)

We w i l l be c a l l i n g back on you again about t h i s time next year. Here's a postcard that i s worth another f i v e d o l l a r s i f you save i t and r e t u r n i t to the Uni v e r s i t y a f t e r the f i r s t of the year, i n January of 1969. I ' l l O.K. i t now with my name, but to receive the extra f i v e d o l l a r s you have to remember to save i t and f i l l i t out w i t h the address of wherever you are next January.

(ENTER R'S NAME AND YOURS, PLUS YOUR INTERVIEW NUMBER ON CARD: GIVE TO R) I f we want to contact you by phone, could I have that number?

(AREA CODE) (LOCAL NUMBER) • NO PHONE DREFUSED

Just i n case you move and forget to r e t u r n the card, would you give me the name and address of someone who would know where you would be, l i k e a close r e l a t i v e ? NAME

ADDRESS (Street and Number) (City and State)

-150- .j PROJECT 45768

1969 Family Economics Study

COVER SHEET FOR ADULT FAMILY MEMBER LIVING OUTSIDE 1969 REINTERVIEW HOME

S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H C E N T E R

^ ^ l ^ J I N S T I T U T E FOR S O C I A L R E S E A R C H T H E U N I V E R S I T Y OF M I C H I G A N

^ # 1 ^ ^ | A N N A R B O R , M I C H I G A N 48106 (Do not write in above space)

1. Interviewer's Label

2. P S U

3. Y o u r Interview No.

4. Date .

5. Length of Interview. (Minutes)

INTERVIEWER: MAKE OUT PINK COVER SHEET FOR ANY ADULT FAMILY MEMBERS LIVING AWAY FROM 1969 REINTERVIEW FAMILY WHO ARE ENTERED IN ITEMS 3 & 4, PAGE 3 OF WHITE COVER SHEET. CHECK BOX WHICH APPLIES.

[~1 SOMEONE 18 OR OLDER MOVED OUT • SOMEONE IN ARMED FORCES, COLLEGE OR OTHER INSTITUTION IN 1968 - NOW ESTABLISHED IN OWN HOUSEHOLD

6. Name (from White Cover Sheet)

7. " 8. . 9. Street & No. City State

IF MALE OR UNMARRIED FEMALE, INTERVIEW PERSON RECORDED. IF PERSON RECORDED IS MARRIED FEMALE, INTERVIEW HUSBAND. COMPLETE LISTING BOX, PAGE 2 OF THIS COVER SHEET.

10. C a l l Record Ca l l Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 More (specify) Hour of the Day (plus AM or PM)

Date

Day o f Week

Results

11. IF INTERVIEW TAKEN, ATTACH COVER SHEET TO INTERVIEW AND MAIL TO FIELD OFFICE. 12. IF ADDRESS (items 7, 8, & 9) IS OUTSIDE YOUR AREA, RETURN THIS COVER SHEET TO FIELD

OFFICE IMMEDIATELY FOR POSSIBLE REASSIGNMENT TO OTHER PSU. 13. IF NO INTERVIEW POSSIBLE FILL OUT NONINTERVIEW FORM ON PAGE 4.

-151-

How many members of your family are l i v i n g here?

LIST ALL PERSONS, INCLUDING CHILDREN, LIVING IN THE EU

L i s t i n g Box ^ 2a.

Relation to Head 2b. Age

2c. Sex

2d. May I have (his/her) f i r s t and l a s t name?

2e. Check (/) R

1. HEAD

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7. •

8.

9.

10.

G O TO Q U E S T I O N Al IN Q U E S T I O N N A | R E

-152-

TO BE ASKED AT END OF INTERVIEW

1. Thank you f o r helping with t h i s research. When I send t h i s interview i n , the Uni v e r s i t y of Michigan w i l l send you a check f o r $5.00, but f o r them to do t h i s , I must have your name and proper mailing address.

Respondent's Name

Mail i n g Address

Ci t y , State & Zip

2. I n case we need to contact you by phone, could I have your telephone number?

3. We w i l l be c a l l i n g on you again about t h i s time next year. Here's a postcard that i s worth another $5.00 i f you save i t and r e t u r n i t to the University i n January 1970. I ' l l O.K. i t now wi t h my name, but to receive the extra $5.00 you must remember to save the card and f i l l i t out w i t h the address of wherever you are l i v i n g next January.

INTERVIEWER: PRINT R'S NAME AND CURRENT ADDRESS ON POSTCARD, SIGN YOUR NAME AND GIVE POSTCARD TO R.

4. Just I n case you move and forget to return the card, would you give me the name of someone, such as a close r e l a t i v e , who wquld know where we could get i n touch

[~1 NO PHONE ["1 REFUSED

2a. Is t h i s phone l i s t e d i n your name?

• YES (GO TO 3) • NO 2b. I n whose name i s i t listed?

w i t h you.

Name

Address

City State Zip_

Phone ( i f known)

INTERVIEWER: NOTE BELOW RELATIONSHIP ( i f any) OF CONTACT PERSON TO R

4 -153-

NONINTERVTEW FORM (For Panel Families from whom no interview was obtained)

Check one | | Ref Refusal. Give d e t a i l e d description below. | | NAH No one at home; DU occupied by Panel Family ( t o best of knowledge), but no

one at home a f t e r required c a l l s . | | RA Respondent absent; Panel Family at DU, but respondent absent. Describe below. ) ) LOST Family moved and unable to obtain new address. Describe below e f f o r t s to

get new address. | | OTHER — No interview obtained f o r reason other than above. Explain f u l l y below.

Space for COMMENTS on t h i s noninterview s i t u a t i o n 1

-ISA-

Part 5.

Documentation of Regional Data

Locational and environmental f a c t o r s are important determinants of a

person's economic status as w e l l as his personality and behavior. Conse­

quently, information derived from the personal interviews has been supplemented

w i t h data on the employment and income c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of the county i n which

the family l i v e s . The county or SMSA of residence was chosen as the relevant

data u n i t since the c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of such an area are relevant to everyone

l i v i n g there. Further, county demographic and employment data are comparative­

l y easy to secure. Operationally, the s i t u a t i o n i n each area was measured

by employment conditions i n the county, the per p u p i l expenditures on public

education, and the amount of per capita public assistance I n the county.

Since published s t a t i s t i c s on county employment c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s

are generally out-of-date, i n the spring of 1968 a questionnaire was sent to

s t a t e unemployment o f f i c e s asking them about the current employment market

s i t u a t i o n i n the counties that were i n our sample. The questionnaire i s re­

produced on the next page. Replies to the three questions are the source of

vari a b l e s A12-A14, and t h e i r d i s t r i b u t i o n s are given below i n Section V of the

Code.

I n a d d i t i o n to the information secured from t h i s short questionnaire,

data on county education expenditures as measured by 1962 per p u p i l d o l l a r

expenditures were secured from the Census of Governments 1962. A measure of

the adequacy of public welfare payments was also secured from the same source.

To get a p o t e n t i a l measure of the county's growth r a t e , the five-year percentage

-155-

se S U R V E Y R E S E A R C H C E N T E R

INST ITUTE FOR SOCIAL RESEARCH

THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

P. 45768

STATE CITY OR TOWN COUNTY

1. We are interested I n the market f o r u n s k i l l e d temporary labor i n the area l i s t e d above. Would you say that there are:

O Many more jobs than there are applicants

n More jobs than applicants

Most people are able to f i n d jobs

A number of u n s k i l l e d workers unable to f i n d jobs

Many u n s k i l l e d workers unable to f i n d jobs

2. What i s the t y p i c a l wage that such a worker might receive?

$ per hour, day, week

3. What i s the unemployment rate i n the above area?

• Under 2%

• 2-3.9%

• 4-5.9%

• 6-10%

• over 10%

4. Ad d i t i o n a l comments i f any:

-156-

change i n employment was used. County Business Patterns was the source of

t h i s information. These three items make up variables 415-417. Their d i s ­

t r i b u t i o n s f o r the fam i l i e s i n the sample are given i n Section V.

-157-

SECTION IV

PROCESSING PROCEDURES

This section describes i n d e t a i l the procedures that were used i n

processing interviews once interviewing had been completed and a l l interviews

had been received by the Survey Research Center. Part 1 deals w i t h e d i t i n g ,

the procedure used i n transforming r e p l i e s to numerical values when they could

not be entered d i r e c t l y onto the codesheet from the Interview. Part 2 describes

coding, the process of d i r e c t conversion of rep l i e s t o numerical values so

tha t they could be keypunched. Following the e d i t i n g and coding, the data

were checked f o r errors and l o g i c a l consistency w i t h i n the interview. These

data-cleaning operations are de t a i l e d i n Part 3. Part 4 presents the l o g i c a l

framework fo r the construction of some of the more important index measures.

Part 5 gives the response rates f o r t h i s wave of the survey and b r i e f l y

describes the weighting.

Part 1

Edi t i n g

Introduction

The questionnaire covered a great deal of p o t e n t i a l l y q u a n t i t a t i v e

information p e r t a i n i n g to the status of the sample family. Insofar as possible

the questions were designed to e l i c i t the necessary information while minimizing

the burden of arithmetic on both the interviewer and the respondent. This design

necessitated an e d i t i n g process to transform the questionnaire responses i n t o

-158-

the desired numerical form.

Respondents were usually able to give what seemed to be quite

accurate numerical responses to questions on common economic variables.

Money income, hours worked on the job, and expenditure on foods and housing

were remembered and reported by almost a l l respondents. The e d i t i n g process

f o r these variables consisted c h i e f l y of performing simple arithmetic to

convert responses that were given i n weekly or monthly units to annual

amounts and recording the figures on work sheets from which they could be

key-punched. The forms of the responses were s u f f i c i e n t l y varied so that

these i n i t i a l manipulations could not p r a c t i c a l l y be done by computer. The

e d i t o r s also maintained an overview of the p a r t i c u l a r family s i t u a t i o n and

were able to use information from other parts of the questionnaire when

i n t e r p r e t i n g a given response. A student, f o r instance, might report zero

food expenditure a f t e r reporting a single payment for room and board i n the

housing sequence. The e d i t o r would s p l i t that payment i n t o the two components.

Assignment of Missing Data

V i r t u a l l y a l l of the important economic status variables used i n

t h i s study, from t o t a l money income to the complex "we11-offness measures,"

involved combining numerous components. I n order to avoid relegating these

measures to a "not ascertained" category when a single component was missing,

a value was assigned to replace the missing data. I n some cases a value

could be estimated by gathering information from other parts of the question­

n a i r e . When such information was inadequate, expected values were taken from

assignment tables based on m u l t i v a r i a t e analyses of data from other n a t i o n a l

surveys.

-159-

Accuracy Codes

Many of the components of the status measures are i n t e r e s t i n g economic

variables themselves. In order to allow analysis of these variables uncontami-

nated by assigned values, an accuracy code was associated w i t h each one. These

variab l e s , which may be used to f i l t e r out assigned cases, were coded as

follows:

0. Adequate response: no estimates or assignments were necessary. This code cannot, of course, take account of the respondent's reporting e r r o r s . Complete responses were accepted at face value i n the absence of contrary evidence.

1. Response was inadequate but estimates could be made w i t h a probable error of leBB than $300 or 10 percent of the value of the v a r i a b l e , whichever was larger.

2. Response was inadequate and no extra information was available on which to base a good estimate. A value was assigned from an assignment table.

The accuracy codes were also used to i d e n t i f y unusual treatment of

s p e c i f i c variables. These cases are l i s t e d below and explained more f u l l y

i n the variable by v a r i a b l e discussion.

A code of 3 i n the house value-property taxes accuracy code (Variable 7)

i d e n t i f i e s cases of complex property. I n these cases the reported house value

included the value of business property i n a d d i t i o n to t h a t of the family's

l i v i n g quarters.

A code of 4 i n the accuracy codes fo r "Value of additions and repairs

done s e l f " (V17) and "saved on car r e p a i r s " (V25) I d e n t i f i e s t ransfer of

services. The value given represents work done free of charge by someone

not i n the sample family.

A code of 5 i n the accuracy codes f o r annual mortgage payments,

annual r e n t , annual car debt payments, and annual food expenditures, i d e n t i ­

f i e s cases i n which the extrapolation of current (Spring '68) weekly or

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—tonthly flows, to get an annual flow applicable to 1967, was c l e a r l y inappropriate.

Only extreme cases such as a family u n i t of newlyweds who had previously l i v e d

i n parental households were so i d e n t i f i e d .

Values Assigned f o r the F u l l Sample

The assignments discussed i n the preceeding section were made on

only a small percentage of cases f o r any given v a r i a b l e . For a small class

o f variables pertaining to non-market time use, values were estimated or

assigned f o r a l l cases. Direct questions on these items were omitted because

of the necessity of keeping interviewing time on the f i r s t wave w i t h i n

reasonable l i m i t s and because a recent study of time use provided a good

basis f o r assignments. The estimating conventions and assignment procedures

are treated i n the discussion of s p e c i f i c v a r i a b l e s , which follows. We begin

w i t h Worksheet 1.

Worksheet 1

House Value V5

Most assignments were made on the basis of a d i s t r i b u t i o n table

g i v i n g mean house value by family income bracket and b e l t code. The lowest

house value assignment given i n t h i s table i s $9300. For a number of dwellings,

p a r t i c u l a r l y those i n the r u r a l South, t h i s was c l e a r l y much too high. In

such cases the e d i t i n g supervisor made an estimate of the house value based

on the interviewer d e s c r i p t i o n of the condition of the dwelling and on any

av a i l a b l e information about the value of s i m i l a r dwellings i n the PSU.

A l l of the above assignments were given an assignment code 2. There

were 91 such cases out of some 2350 home-owners. Another 25 cases were

assigned on the basis of p a r t i a l information (interviewer's estimate, f o r

SURVEY RESEARCH CENTER

-161-

1968 SURVEY OF FAMILY ECONOMICS WORKSHEET 1.

I X 3

HOUSING

OWNERS

SAMPLE BOOK # EDITOR c W

Property taxes A.

1. HOUSE VALUE ( A6 )

2. - MORTGAGE (A9)

3. = NET EQUITY

VS" 1 u • x 13

4. MORTGAGE PAYMENTS ( A8 )

RENTERS

5. RENT ( A 11 )

OTHERS

6. RENT VALUE IF RENTED ( A 16 )

7. WORK IN RETURN FOR HOUSING? /YES/ /NO/

ALL

8. APPROXIMATE UTILITIES ( A5/ A13 / A18 )

9. VALUE OF A & R DONE SELF ( A23, 24 )

X 0.06 =

X 12

X 12 =

X 12

10. A _ R PAYMENTS ( A 27 )

ALL CARS

11. CAR INSURANCE ( C12 or C16 )

12. CAR DEBT PAYMENTS ( C 13 )

X 12

13. SAVED ON CAR REPAIRS ( C 21, 22 )

14. HOW MUCH TIME DID THAT TAKE? ( C 23 )

OTHER DEBT

15. MONTHLY PAYMENTS ON OTHER THINGS ( D 1, 2 )

E.

X 12

V6 1 1 I T

Imputed rent

XX X3 XH - V-XI

1 Vio 3- 31

• VIA 37 IF

39 YES,

J l F - 2 =

•

Hx HH

• Vifc HI

•

• V x 5*7 r y

•

61 6* 6-* • 1

66 67 *» •

70 11

1 V*»l

11 11 16 11

-162-

example) and were given an assignment code 1. Note that the assignment code

f o r house value i s labelled "Accuracy of Property Taxes" i n the master code.

Property tax i s a m u l t i p l e of house value so t h i s i s more misleading than

inaccurate.

Complex Property

I n 124 cases home owners gave a f i g u r e f o r house value which included

value of business property as w e l l . Such properties include farms, apartment

b u i l d i n g s and other cases where i t i s d i f f i c u l t to estimate the value of the

family's own l i v i n g quarters separately from the value of the property as a

whole.

The treatment of the cases was as follows: the t o t a l value of the

property was entered i n the house value f i e l d but the property taxes, imputed

r e n t and annual mortgage payments were prorated to correspond to that p o r t i o n

o f the property value which served as l i v i n g quarters. For m u l t i p l e u n i t

b u i l d i n g s the p r o r a t i n g f r a c t i o n was taken to be the r e c i p r o c a l f o r the

number of D.U.'s. For cases w i t h no such obvious f r a c t i o n , an assignment

value was taken from Table B5 and the r a t i o of that value to the t o t a l

property value was used as the p r o r a t i n g f r a c t i o n .

A l l complex property cases are i d e n t i f i e d by an assignment code 3.

Property Taxes V6

On the basis of data from other studies, p r i m a r i l y a 1960 cross-

section sample, the following property tax rates were assigned.^ The assigned

^This study was reported i n Income and Welfare i n the United States, by James N. Morgan, et a l , New York, McGraw-Hill, 1962.

-163-

tax rate was then m u l t i p l i e d times house value to get an approximate f i g u r e

f o r property taxes paid. As noted above, the assignment code which i s

la b e l l e d "accuracy of property taxes" applies p r i m a r i l y to assignment of

house value. Property tax rates are assigned i n a l l cases so a non-zero

assignment code i s used only when t h i s rate i s applied to an assigned house

value.

TABLE A

PROPERTY TAX RATE

Distance from Nearest City Region of 50,000 or More

(Question N i l , page 31) New England Other Regions

0 - 5 .025 .020

5 - 4 9 .020 .015

50 miles or more .015 .010

Property tax rates were assumed to be zero f o r mobile homes. This

assumption i s probably correct f o r those located on rented l o t s , but mobile

homes located on owned l o t s may we l l be subject to property taxes. There are

only 122 t r a i l e r s i n the sample so the extra questions necessary to c l a r i f y

the l o t ownership status were not included i n the questionnaire. The under­

statement of housing costs i n these few cases should be less than $100.

Another d i f f i c u l t y i s that we do not ask whether property tax payments

are included i n mortgage payments but assume uniformly that they are not. Thus,

f o r a l l cases where taxes are included we overstate t o t a l housing expenditures

by the amount of the property taxes due to double counting.

Note, however, that t h i s double counting d i f f i c u l t y a f f e c t s only

-164-

our "Total Committed Expenditure" v a r i a b l e . When computing housing costs f o r

the "Income net of housing" v a r i a b l e , mortgage payments were not used because

they contain a component of saving. Instead we took 6 percent of the house

value to account f o r i n t e r e s t expense on the mortgage and opportunity cost

of equity c a p i t a l . Tax and u t i l i t i e s expenditures could then be added to

th a t f i g u r e w i t h no"danger of double counting.

Remaining Mortgage P r i n c i p a l , Net Equity, Imputed Rent V320

Remaining mortgage p r i n c i p a l was subtracted from t o t a l house value

t o obtain net equity i n the dwelling. As noted above, a 6 percent return on

t h i s investment i n housing was assumed i n c a l c u l a t i n g imputed r e n t a l incomes.

There were several possible assignment procedures when the remaining

mortgage p r i n c i p a l was unknown or refused. I f time remaining to pay and

monthly payments were known the remaining p r i n c i p a l was determined from a

mortgage payment table assuming a 6 percent rate of i n t e r e s t . Such assign­

ments were considered to be minor - assignment code 1. I f the p r i n c i p a l

r e s u l t i n g from t h i s procedure turned out higher than the house value, an

equity of 5 percent of house value was assigned. When ei t h e r monthly payments

or time l e f t to pay was unknown an assignment was made using a table based on

house value and duration of residence.

Mortgage Payment V8

I f the payment was unknown, payments were assigned based on the

assigned mortgage and a 6 percent i n t e r e s t r a t e . I f time remaining to pay

was also not ascertained an i n i t i a l term of 20 years was assumed. I f informa­

t i o n was volunteered that property taxes were included i n the monthly payments

given, estimated property taxes were subtracted from annual mortgage payments.

-165-

Annual Rent VlO

Missing data was assigned on the basis of t o t a l family income. I f

a single payment was given f o r room and board, food expenditure was assigned

on the basis of income and food needs, and the res i d u a l was taken as r e n t .

Annual Value i f Rented V12

I f the sample family u n i t was staying w i t h family or f r i e n d s , the

respondent sometimes gave the t o t a l " r e n t paid f o r the apartment. That f i g u r e

was pro-rated to the respective members i n the two f a m i l i e s according to the

a l l o c a t i o n of rooms i f that information was volunteered. I f the host family

owned the home and house value was given, 10 percent of house value was pro­

rated i n the same fashion.

There were several cases, of tenant farmers, where those who were

able to estimate gave a f i g u r e of $15/month. This value was assigned f o r

those who d i d not give an estimate.

Approximate U t i l i t i e s V14

Values were assigned by comparison w i t h a sample l i s t i n g of adequate

responses, matching on region and type of dwelling. The assigned values

ranged from $75/year f o r small apartments i n Los Angeles to $400/year f o r

8-room houses i n the north.

For t r a i l e r owners who gave a l o t r e n t a l f i g u r e , that amount was

c l a s s i f i e d as a u t i l i t y payment.

Value of Additions and Repairs Done by the Family V16

Assignments f o r missing data were based on the complexity and extent

of the work done. A saving of $30 per room was assigned f o r i n t e r i o r p a i n t i n g

-166-

and savings of up to $500 were assigned f o r e x t e r i o r p a i n t i n g of a large

house, or extensive re-modeling. Such assignments were, of course, only

as good as the s t a f f member's i n t e r p r e t a t i o n of the respondent's q u a n t i t a t i v e

d e s c r i p t i o n of what was done.

Car Insurance Premiums V20

Cases w i t h missing data were assigned $100 i f respondent l i v e d i n

a metropolitan area, $75 otherwise. Assignments f o r single males under 25

were increased by $50.

Car Debt Payments V22

I n cases where there was known to be car debt but payments were not

ascertained, annual car debt payments were assigned i n an amount equal to

1/2 the wholesale value of the car. I f the respondent was making payments

on a car purchased s h o r t l y before the interview, the annual t o t a l was calculated

as i f payments had been made for the f u l l year. Such cases were i d e n t i f i e d by

an accuracy code 5 i n Variable 23.

Saved on Car Repairs V24

Assignments were based on the complexity of the work done and ranged

from $15 f o r o i l changes and tune-ups to $200 f o r extensive overhauls.

Time Spent on Car Repairs V26

I f time spent was not ascertained, an e f f e c t i v e wage rate of $2/hour

was assumed and divided i n t o the amount saved.

-167-

Monthly Payments on Other Things V28

A f i g u r e of $20/month was assigned i n most cases where payments were

reported but the amount was not ascertained. I f i t was not determined whether

there were such payments a zero value was assigned.

Worksheet 2

Family Food and Need Standard V31, V32

We constructed a measure of minimum annual food needs and minimum

annual t o t a l income needs f o r each family. The measures are s i m i l a r to the

Orshansky poverty c u t - o f f s used by the Social Security Administration but

embody some modifications.

The table on Worksheet 2 gives i n d i v i d u a l weekly food expenditure

requirements by age and sex f o r persons i n a family of four. The data were

taken from the "Low-Cost Plan" given i n the Family Economics Review, March 1967.

These figures were summed f o r a l l i n d i v i d u a l s i n the family, converted to annual

amounts, and then adjusted f o r economies of scale as follows: 1 person f a m i l i e s

add 20 percent; 2 persons add 10 percent; 3 persons add 5 percent; 5 persons

subtract 5 percent; 6 or more persons subtract 10 percent.

The t o t a l need standard i s then obtained by m u l t i p l y i n g the food

standard by a fa c t o r of 4.89 f o r single persons: 3.70 for two person f a m i l i e s ;

and 3.0 f o r families of 3 or more. The factor of 4.89 yie l d s equivalent

re s u l t s to the Orshansky convention of taking 72 percent of the two person

need standard f o r single persons.

A l l of the above adjustments f o r economies of scale and the conversions

from weekly to annual amount were incorporated i n a set of tables. The editors

simply summed the i n d i v i d u a l figures and then looked up the annual food and

'''U.S. Government P r i n t i n g O f f i c e , 1967.

SURVEY RESEARCH CENTER -168-

1968 SURVEY OF FAMILY ECONOMICS WORKSHEET 2.

o _t 10

INDIVIDUAL FOOD COSTS: USE LISTING BOX AND TABLE B

1. TABLE B. INDIVIDUAL FOOD STANDARD (LOW COST)

2

AGE MALE FEMALE 3. _ Under 3 3.90 3.90 4. _ 4 - 6 4.60 4.60 5. 7 - 9 5.50 5.50 6. _ 10 - 12 6.40 6.30 7. _ 13 - 15 7.40 6.90 8. _ 16 - 20 8.70 7.20 9. _ 21 - 35 1.50 6.50 10. 35 - 55 6.90 6.30 11. 55 +- 6.30 5.40 10

SAMPLE BOOK #

EDITOR

CHK. EDITOR

13.

FAMILY SIZE |V30 77

TOTAL UNADJUSTED

SEE TABLE FOR FOOD AND NEED STANDARDS FOR THE ABOVE FAMILY SIZE AND UNADJUSTED FOOD TOTAL

B. ANNUAL FOOD STANDARD V3I

C ANNUAL NEED STANDARD

IS -

FOOD EXPENDITURE 1. SPENT EATING OUT ( E 2 ) X

2. COST OF MILK ( E 4 ) X

3. OTHER FOOD ( E 5 ) X

4. FOOD BILL SUBTOTAL ( 1 + 2 + 3 )

i , n (8 (1 i-o ANNUAL AMOUNT

5. ALCOHOL (E6)

6. CIGARETTES (E9)

CORRECTED FOOD BILL

X

a V3_ IF INCLUDED(E7) ENTER AT RIGHT

E. V3S IF INCLUDED (E10) ENTER AT RIGHT

7.

NON MONEY FOOD

xs a * v i

SUBTRACT 5, 6, FROM FOOD BILL IF INCLUDED a V37

8. HOME GROWN FOOD ( E12 ) SEE SUPERVISOR

9. CLOTHES MADE AND MENDED ( El7, 18)

10. FOOD RECEIVED ON THE JOB ( J 3 0 , page 24)

11. SAVED ON FOOD STAMPS ( J 3 2 , page 24 )

an *s at V 31 T

I f 31 1ft

30 31 3X

Hrs 4

Hrs 5

0 0 0 33,

H 1 H 3 ¥1 era Hb HI H*

-169-

need standards i n the table f o r the appropriate family size.

The above procedure differs from the standard Orshansky procedure i n

three respects.

The "low cost" food expenditure standard i s s l i g h t l y higher than

the "economy l e v e l " used i n the S.S.A. c u t - o f f . I t was the opinion of

Fai t h Clark of the Department of A g r i c u l t u r e that the l a t t e r standard i s

u n r e a l i s t i c a l l y spartan.

The S.S.A. procedure approximates the above procedure by t a b u l a t i n g

need standards f o r d i f f e r e n t categories of fami l i e s based on family s i z e , sex,

age and m a r i t a l status of head, and age of youngest c h i l d . The largest

family size category used is f o r s i x persons or more thus e f f e c t i v e l y assign­

ing zero marginal cost to members beyond the s i x t h . The l i n e a r increase i n

standards w i t h family size when calculated by our procedure may err i n the

opposite d i r e c t i o n but s t i l l seems more r e a l i s t i c .

We have incorporated no farm - nonfarm d i f f e r e n t i a l i n the need

standards. There seems to be no general agreement as to the magnitude of

th i s d i f f e r e n t i a l w i t h values from .70 to .85 argued f o r . I t i s a simple

matter to incorporate the desired d e f i n i t i o n by a computer manipulation

c o n t r o l l i n g on occupation code. For such variables as t o t a l r e a l income,

i t i s not clear that the d i f f e r e n t i a l i s appropriate since we impute many

of the types of income i n kind which are the source of the d i f f e r e n t i a l .

Food Expenditure V37

Expenditures on eating out, milk delivered to the door, and other

food purchased were converted to annual amounts and summed. Expenditures

on alcohol and cigarettes were subtracted out i f they were reported to have

been included i n the food b i l l . This corrected t o t a l , "Yearly Food B i l l , "

-170-

i s Variable 37.

I f there was evidence that the amount spent eating out was s o l e l y

f o r school lunches, the weekly amount was m u l t i p l i e d by 40 instead of 52.

The most common cases of missing data f o r this question occurred

when the family ate out only in f r e q u e n t l y and the question about the average

weekly amount did not seem to make sense. In such cases an amount of the

order to $2.50 per person per meal was assigned.

The delivered milk expense was not ascertained i n only very few

cases. In those few, assignments were based roughly on a quart a day per

c h i l d .

I f the expenditure f o r the main component of the food b i l l " a l l

other food used at home" was not ascertained, an assignment was made f o r the

t o t a l corrected food b i l l . The assignment was a m u l t i p l e of the food needs

standard depending on the r a t i o of family income to the t o t a l needs standard.

A maximum of 1.3 times the food standard was assigned which proved quite

conservative i n view of l a t e r a n a l y s i B .

I f i t was not determined whether expenditures on cigarettes or

a l c o h o l were included i n the reported food b i l l , 50 percent of the outlay on

these items was subtracted as correction.

Home Grown Food V39

The amount edited f o r t h i s v a r i a b l e was .based on the response to

the q u a l i t a t i v e question, "Do you have any special ways of keeping the food

b i l l down? ( I f so), What special ways ...?" I f the respondent reported

producing food, a value was assigned according to a set of conventions.

The amounts assigned ranged from $50 f o r "we have a small garden" through

$250 f o r "raise a beef animal" to 60 percent of the food standard f o r "Raise

-171-

our own milk and meat, have a garden and can freeze a l o t . " Since these

values were assigned i n a l l cases, the assignment codes d i s t i n g u i s h only the

size of the assigned value. Amounts of $1000 or greater were coded 999.

For farmers, the excess over $999 was placed i n the "Food received on the

jo b " category.

Clothes Made and Mended V41

A question s i m i l a r to the q u a l i t a t i v e food question was asked here.

However, i t was followed by the q u a n t i t a t i v e questions: "Did you save more

than $50 t h i s way? ( I f so), About how much did you save?" Pecuniary savings

from shopping a t sales and the l i k e were excluded. I f savings from both sales

and sewing were mentioned, 2/3 of the value was taken f o r the productive

a c t i v i t y unless other evidence was given. I f less than $50 was reported

saved, a f i g u r e of $25 was taken.

Food Received on the Job V43

This v a r i a b l e was edited from questions J30 and J31, "Did anyone

here get more than $50 worth of food or c l o t h i n g as p a r t of t h e i r pay? ( I f

so) How much?" The amount i n Variable 43 thus may include both food and

c l o t h i n g . When the information was given as to whether the amount referred

to food or c l o t h i n g , i t was coded i n Variable 268. Overfield amounts are

coded 999.

Yearly Food Stamps V45

This v a r i a b l e was edited from the responses to Questions J32 and J33.

Like Variable 43 i t may contain food, c l o t h i n g or a mixture. The d i s t i n g u i s h ­

ing information i s coded i n Variable 269. I f transfers of food or c l o t h i n g

-172-

were mentioned i n Questions E12 or E16, those amounts were edited i n t o

Variable 45.

Worksheet 3

Head's Work Hours V47

Heads who were c u r r e n t l y i n the labor force were asked a four-question

sequence about unemployment, i l l n e s s , and vacation time and then f o r the

number of weeks a c t u a l l y worked.

The editors f i r s t checked to be sure that these responses accounted

f o r the 52 weeks i n the year. Usually errors could be corrected by eli m i n a t i n g

double counting due to mention of i l l n e s s also as unemployment or by correcting

errors noted i n the interviewer's marginal a r i t h m e t i c . I f the time did not

add up to 52 weeks and there was no i n d i c a t i o n as to why, the d e f i c i t was

assumed to have been u n o f f i c i a l vacation. I f more than 52 weeks were reported,

h a l f the surplus was taken from work time and the rest from i l l n e s s and unem­

ployment.

The number of weeks worked was then m u l t i p l i e d times the number of

hours worked per week. For those who worked a standard week we m u l t i p l i e d

by that f i g u r e and then added overtime as a correction. I f the head did not

have a standard workweek we used his estimate of an average workweek. Some

respondents gave d i f f e r e n t hours f o r d i f f e r e n t times of the year and work hours

were calculated accordingly.

Hours worked on a second j o b , i f any, were then added to the annual

hours on the main job to give the head's t o t a l annual work hours.

I f data on the main job was missing, 40 hours per week worked or

2000 hours per year was the most common assignment. Typical exceptions were

servicemen who had been on active duty i n 1967, who were assigned 72 hours

-173-SURVEY RESEARCH CENTER 1968 SURVEY OF

7 6 8 0 3 I WORKSHEET 3.

i a 3 WORK HOURS

SAMPLE BOOK # EDITOR

HEAD 1. X " weeks ( F36, G3, H3 ) hrs ( F38/ 41, G4, H4 )

2. + OVERTIME ( F 40 )

3. + SECOND JOB ( F 45 )

4. HEAD'S TOTAL ( 1 + 2 + 3 ) A. V17

5. UNEMPLOYMENT DAYS (F32)

6. ILLNESS DAYS ( F34 )

X 8 =

X 16

WIFE 7. weeks ( I 11 )

8. HOUSEWORK TABLE C.

hours ( I 12 )

b. I I I H i | i_ n n is

c I I I k.| a.i xx x3 xi

D- I 1 I M> Xt Xt _,<»

I 9. CHILD CARE ( I 8, 15) $ l = l h r E* I 1 1 Is*I 10. FREE HELP FROM OTHERS $ l = l h r

( K12, 13, IF K14 = YES) 11. SUBTRACT E, F, FROM HOUSEWORK

HOME PRODUCTION

,1 *_3

. t -37 38 3̂ G.

12. (Hrs 1) WORK FOR HOUSING (A 16) ; 2

13. (Hrs 2) ADDITIONS AND REPAIRS (A 24) T 2

14. (Hrs 3) CAR REPAIRS ( C 23 )

15. (Hrs 4) HOME GROWN FOOD ( E 12 ) $1 = l h r

16. (Hrs 5) MAKING AND MENDING CLOTHES (E18) $ l = l h r

17. TOTAL H. HC HI H\

INCLUDE 18. ONLY IF SINGLE HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD OTHER? ( SEE INSTRUCTIONS )

TOTAL 19, ( A + B + C + D + G + H + I )

I . I 1 I M ffA S3

j- I, I I k OTHERS' WORK HOURS

20. # 1

21. # 2

22. OTHERS

MJ

N 6 i _** _ _ r

(6 o tt 61

SI S"J S\ S>\

# MAJOR ADULTS

CHK. EDITOR

B if

E_ E_ a-" _ 36

v

I__J

^0

|__J

CO

_7_| =

23. TOTAL 0. V77 74 73 7V 7S"

s 8 0 s ubtract

76 77 7* 79

-174-

per week, and farmers, who were assigned 60 hours per week.

I f the respondent had overtime but didn't know how much, 10 percent

of regular work time was assigned. I f the amount was q u a l i f i e d as "a l i t t l e , "

5 percent was used.

For persons who were unemployed at the time of the interview, and

f o r r e t i r e d persons, housewives and students, the annual hours of work

v a r i a b l e was based on a simpler sequence of two questions: "How many weeks

d i d you work l a s t year?" and "About how many hours a week did you work (when

you worked)?" Questions were not asked to account f o r the r e s t of the year.

Unemployment Hours V49

Unemployment hours were calculated at the rate of 40 hours per week

unemployed. For heads who were unemployed at the time of the.interview, the

reported number of weeks worked was subtracted from 52 and the residual was

assumed to be the weeks of unemployment during the year. I f there was e v i ­

dence that the unemployment was due to i l l n e s s , i l l n e s s hours were assigned

instead.

An exception was made for female heads with children. The i n c l u s i o n

o f unemployment hours together w i t h the housework assignment would r e s u l t i n

double counting i n the c a l c u l a t i o n of t o t a l nonleisure so no unemployment

hours were assigned.

Retired persons, housewives and students were not assigned unemploy­

ment hours.

I l l n e s s Hours V51

Nonleisure time due to i l l n e s s was calculated at the rate of 80 hours

per week. For long i l l n e s s e s , t h i s was reduced to 60 hours per week a f t e r

-175-

ei g h t weeks.

As noted above, some unemployed persons were assigned i l l n e s s hours

according to the above schedule i f there was evidence that t h i s unemployment

during 1967 was due to i l l n e s s . No i l l n e s s time was assigned f o r r e t i r e d

persons, housewives or students.

Wife's-Work Hours

This v a r i a b l e was based on the two questions:

111. About how many weeks did she work l a s t year?

112. And about how many hours a week did she work?

Some assignments were made when these questions were missed and then labor

income was reported f o r the wife. For these cases a wage ra t e was estimated

and divided i n t o income.

I t was sometimes d i f f i c u l t f o r the respondent to estimate work time

f o r laundry or c h i l d care done at home. One hour per d o l l a r earned was

assigned i n such cases.

Housework Hours

Annual hours of housework by head and w i f e were assigned f o r a l l

f a m i l i e s . The assigned values were based on an analysis of t h i s v a r i a b l e

i n the recent study, Productive Americans.^ The important determinants of

the amount of housework done and the predicted values are summarized i n the

fo l l o w i n g table.

Productive Americans, J. Morgan, I . S i r a g e l d i n , N. Baerwaldt, (Ann Arbor: I n s t i t u t e f o r Social Research, 1966), Monograph 43.

-176-

TABLE C

FAMILY HOUSEWOPJC

Single Man i s Head Housework Hours

No one under 18 400 Youngest 6-18 600

Single Woman i s Head

Alone 1000 With another adult 1300 One or two children youngest 4 or older 1600 youngest under 4 2200

Larger fa m i l i e s -- use couples table.

Married Couples

Alone

Children or others age 4+ 3 or 4 people 5 or 6 people 7 or more

Youngest c h i l d under 4 3 people 4 or 5 people 6 or more

Wife Doesn't Work

2000

2300 2600 3000

2600 3000 3500

Wife Works 0-750 Hours

1700

2200 2500 2800

2600 3100 3500

Wife Works More than 750 Hours

1500

1800 2000 2400

1800 2300 2700

Source: Productive Americans. MTR 146.

-177-

An adjustment was made i f there was help w i t h c h i l d care from persons

outside the family u n i t . The predicted housework value was reduced by one

hour f o r each d o l l a r ' s worth of paid or free c h i l d care received. When t h i s

adjustment was made, the predicted value f o r non-working wives was always

used as the base p o i n t . This i s because the predicted value f o r working

wives already includes an i m p l i c i t adjustment f o r outside care. No adjust­

ment was made f o r working wives i f i t would have been smaller than the working-

nonworking d i f f e r e n t i a l .

The primary d i f f i c u l t i e s w i t h the general procedure of assigning

housework arose f o r large f a m i l i e s w i t h single female heads, p a r t i c u l a r l y

those who worked. The Productive Americans cross-section sample of 2200

was not large enough to p r e d i c t the working-nonworking d i f f e r e n t i a l or the

kinds .of adjustments that are made i f older c h i l d r e n can care f o r younger

ones. Such cases constituted a s i g n i f i c a n t subgroup i n our large sample

he a v i l y weighted w i t h low income f a m i l i e s . Several procedures were used i n

an attempt to estimate reasonable housework and t o t a l l e i s u r e f i g u r e s .

Admittedly, however, the assignments i n these cases are based on inadequate

data and the r e s u l t i n g variables are at best marginally s a t i s f a c t o r y .

Nonworking female heads w i t h large f a m i l i e s were simply assigned

housework from the couples p o r t i o n of the above t a b l e . This assignment was

frequently the sole determinant of the lei s u r e v a r i a b l e .

The two main sorts of adjustments t h a t were made f o r working female

heads are as follows. I f there was a daughter i n the household old enough

to care for younger s i b l i n g s , free help hours were edited i n t o Variable 55

and used to adjust the mother's housework downward. Such cases of free help

from w i t h i n the family are i d e n t i f i e d by a code of 5 i n Variable 291. I f

there was another adult i n the household who might be considered to be a

-178-

spouse equivalent i n terms of sharing the work load, a second major adult

was created. The procedure followed was to ed i t most of the worksheet

variables as f o r a single head and then include i n Variable 63 a combination

of the extra adult's work hours and a housework adjustment so that the t o t a l

nonleisure came out as i t would have i f the sheet had been edited f o r a

couple. Variable 63 i s thus an adjustment variable and not meaningful i n

i t s own r i g h t except that i t i d e n t i f i e s such odd cases.

Home Production V61

Most of the components of home production hours were estimated

from the associated amounts of nonmoney income using assumed wage rates.

Work i n return f o r housing ( f o r those who neither owned nor rented)

The question, "Do you do any work i n return f o r your housing?" was

i n t e r p r e t e d i n terms of a percentage of the annual value earned. (See

Variable 106.) That portion of the "annual value i f rented" was then divided

by $2/hour to get the time estimate. Persons who received the housing as

p a r t of a paid job were assigned no hours here because the work was included

i n the head's annual work hours.

Additions and repairs

A wage rate of $2 per hour was used except f o r a small o u t l y i n g

group who reported saving more than $1000 on complex and extensive additions

o r r e p a irs. A r a t e of $4/hour was used i n those cases.

Car repairs

Time spent was asked d i r e c t l y i n t h i s case. When not ascertained

i t was assigned using $2/hour.

-179-

Home grown food

An e f f e c t i v e wage rate of $l/hour was assumed. No hours were

assigned here fo r farmers because they were assumed to have been included

i n reported work hours.

Making and mending clothes

A wage rate of $l/hour was used.

Others' Housework V63

This i s an adjustment v a r i a b l e used i f there was a spouse equivalent

f o r a single head of household. See the l a s t part of the discussion of

Housework. This adjustment was also made i n a few cases where there were

3 or 4 adults i n the household, one of whom did most of the housework and

c h i l d care while the others held f u l l time jobs. These cases are i d e n t i f i e d

by a f i g u r e greater than 2 i n Variable 71, Number of Major Adults.

Total Nonleisure V65

Number of Major Adults V71

Leisure Per Major Adult V73

The components of nonleisure were summed, divided by the number of

adults to whom the c a l c u l a t i o n applied, and subtracted from the t o t a l time

a v a i l a b l e , to give Leisure Per Major Adult. The t o t a l time available was

assumed to be 16 hours per day f o r 365 days.

Others'Work Hours V67, V69, V72

Extra earners were ranked i n order of descending earned income.

Variable 67 corresponds to the income i n Variable 77 and Variable 69 to

Variable 78. The t o t a l hours f i g u r e f o r extra earners may include the

-180-

hours of t h i r d , f o u r t h , and f i f t h earners f o r whom separate time variables

were not edited.

Worksheet 4

Head1s Labor Income V74

This variable i s the sum of the head's wages (from J8 ) , overtime

and commission (from J10), and professional practice or trade (from J l l a )

plus that part of income accruing to labor from mixed-labor-capital income.

I n d i v i d i n g mixed income from a farm or unincorporated business, i t was

assumed that the labor was worth at least a d o l l a r an hour. ( I n cases

where the t o t a l d o l l a r s earned was less than the number of hours worked,

a l l the income was assumed to be labor income.) A l l earnings above a d o l l a r

an hour were then assumed to be h a l f labor income and h a l f c a p i t a l income.

Mixed income from roomers was simply allocated h a l f to labor and h a l f to

c a p i t a l . Income from boarders was s p l i t 75-25 between labor and c a p i t a l .

In cases where both the head and w i f e worked i n a family business

or farm and t h e i r income was not given separately, t h e i r work hours were

combined, t h e i r income was divided between labor and c a p i t a l using the r u l e

above, and then the head was given two-thirds of the labor income and the

w i f e was given one-third.

Assignments f o r the components of t h i s variable were made from the

data of the 1967 Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF). Wage income was assigned

a t the mean of groups w i t h the same race, occupation, and education as the

head. Farm and unincorporated business income was assigned as a function

of house value.

SURVEY RESEARCH CENTER -181-

1968 SURVEY OF FAMILY ECONOMICS WORKSHEET 4. ijelsl _____ 1 I 1 1 I 1 2 3 4

HEAD'S LABOR INCOME 1. LABOR PART OF FARM INC. (J4*) 2. LABOR PART OF BUS. INC. (J7*) 3. WAGES ( J 8 ) 4. BONUS, OVERTIME, COMM. (JlO) 5. PROF., PRACTICE, TRADE ( J l l a ) 6. LABOR PART OF ROOMERS ETC. ( J l l b * )

7. TOTAL ( SUM OF 1 to 6 ) A

WIFE'S LABOR INCOME

10

1 V

8. WIFE'S INCOME FROM WORK (J15*) CAPITAL INCOME, HEAD AND WIFE

9. ASSET PART OF FARM INC. (J4*) 10. ASSET PART OF BUS. INC. (J7*) 11. ASSET PART OF ROOMERS ETC.(Jllb*) 12. RENT, INT., DIV., ETC. ( J l l c ) 13. WIFE'S INCOME FROM ASSETS (J15*)

TAXABLE INCOME OF HEAD AND WIFE 14. ( A + B + CAPITAL INC. )

TAXABLE INCOME OF OTHERS ( J19 + J22) 15. OTHER WITH HIGHEST INCOME D

16. NEXT HIGHEST INCOME E

17. STILL OTHERS WITH INC. ?

OTHERS' TOTAL INCOME 18. ( 15 + 16 + 17 ) F

TRANSFERS ( TOTAL FAMILY ) 19. A.D.C. A.D.C.U. ( J l l d ) G

20. OTHER WELFARE ( J l l e ) 21. SOCIAL SECURITY ( J l l f ) 22. OTHER RETIREMENT ( J l l g ) 23. UNEMP., WORKMENS' COMP. ( J l l h ) 24. ALIMONY ( J l l i ) 25. HELP FROM RELATIVES ( J l l j ) 26. ANYTHING ELSE? ( J l l k * ) 27. WIFE'S TRANSFER INCOME ( J l 5 * ) 28. OTHERS' TRANSFER INC0ME(J19,22*)

TOTAL FAMILY MONEY INCOME 29. ( C + F + G + OTHER TRANSFERS)

I t 12 13 14 -15

• N i l m 16 17 18 19 20

1 . 21 22 23 24 25

a 17

H

1 1 1 1*1 31 32 3: 34 35

V -n 36 37 38 39 40

hi 41 42 43 44 45

1

TAX EXEMPTIONS OF HEAD AND WIFE

[~~] ADULTS

+ IIH CHILDREN

. | 1 BLIND, 1 1 65 & OVER

SAMPLE BOOK #

EDITOR

CHK. EDITOR

+ OUTSIDE FU ( J45 )

ENTER TOTAL EXEMPTIONS

HEAD & WIFE

ENTER DOLLAR AMOUNT (J46)

r r r m 51 52 53 54

OTHERS CIRCLE

TABLE USED TAX FROM TABLE

M

M

M

HH

S H H K

SHH L

TOTAL FAMILY TAX ( J + K + L )

CHILD CARE (18,15) (SEE BOX E, SHEET 3)

UNION DUES (K18)

COST OF INCOME ( M + N + 0 )

ASSIGNMENTS

V t3

55 56 57 58 59

V

60 61 62 63 64

0 none / 1 minor / 2 major

65 E I™

B_0 66 67

' U l 6!

69 ED __) 70 71

46 47 48 49 50

-182-

Wife's Labor Income V75

The Wife's Labor Income i s , s i m i l a r l y , the sum of income from wages,

professional practice or trade, and the labor part of income from business,

farm, roomers, and boarders.

Assignments f o r t h i s v ariable were made from the 1967 SCF as a

fu n c t i o n of the wife's age, education, and race.

Taxable Income of Head and Wife V76

This variable i s the sum of Head's Labor Income (Variable 74), Wife's

Labor Income (Variable 75), and the t o t a l asset income of both the head and

w i f e . This asset income consists of the asset part of mixed-labor-capital

income, and income from r e n t , dividends, i n t e r e s t , and t r u s t s . I f income

from dividends, i n t e r e s t , and trusts was not ascertained, i t vas assigned from

1967 SCF data on the basis of labor income.

Taxable Income of Others V76, V77, V78

The highest and second highest taxable income of persons other than

the head or wife are coded i n Variable 77 and 78 respectively. The t o t a l

taxable income of others i n the family i s coded i n Variable 79.

I f these amounts were not ascertained (as they often were not since

the information was asked of the head), the assignments were made from the

same assignment table as the head i f the earner was an adult. I f the earner

was a c h i l d , a d o l l a r an hour was assigned.

Transfers V80

The t o t a l amount that the family received from A.D.C, A.D.C.U.,

and A.F.D.C. was coded separately i n Variable 80. I f assignments were

-183-

necessary, they were made on the basis of published s t a t i s t i c s on the average

payment per r e c i p i e n t by stat e .

Other t r a n s f e r income of the family was not coded separately but

simply added i n t o t o t a l income. Assignments were made from 1967 SCF data

on the basis of age, labor income, and whether or not the head was s e l f -

employed.

Total Family Money Income V81

This v a r i a b l e i s the sum of Taxable Income of Head and Wife (Variable 76),

Others' Total Taxable Income (Variable 79), Total Family A.D.C. (Variable 80),

and the t o t a l of the other t r a n s f e r income of the family.

F-inancial Support -of .Persons. Outside the Family V82

This amount was taken d i r e c t l y from J45. I f the amount of support

was not ascertained, no assignments were made. Thus, t h i s i s the only work­

sheet v a r i a b l e w i t h a missing data code.

Total Family Tax V83

The federal income tax f o r each earner was calculated i n the f o l l o w i n g

way: from t o t a l family income we subtracted e i t h e r the minimum standard

deduction ($200 plus $100 f o r each exemption) or the 10 percent standard

deduction plus an a d d i t i o n a l 5 percent to account f o r the average extra

deductions. We used the method that yielded the lowest adjusted income.

A f t e r subtracting an a d d i t i o n a l $600 f o r each exemption, the tax was assigned

from the schedules published by the IRS f o r married persons, single persons,

or heads of households. The t o t a l tax was then obtained by adding the taxes

of a l l the earners together.

-184-

The number of exemptions each earner got was determined by the

number of people inside the family u n i t he supported plus the number of

people outside the family f o r whom he provided h a l f of t h e i r support. I n

a d d i t i o n , the head got an extra exemption i f he or his wife were over 65

o r b l i n d .

Cost of Income V84

This v a r i a b l e is equal to the sum of the t o t a l family income, the

annual union dues o f the head (K18), and the cost of caring f o r the children

i f the wife or a single head worked (18 or 115).

-185-

Part 2

Coding

I n t r o d u c t i o n

A f t e r the e d i t i n g process was completed the interviews were coded.

Coding Involves p u t t i n g numerical values on r e p l i e s to questions so that the

data from the interviews can be manipulated by the computer.^"

Coding Procedures

Coders were t r a i n e d by the Head of the Center's Coding Section before

they were allowed to production-code interviews. I n a d d i t i o n , they were

given constant supervision throughout the duration of coding by one of the

analysts working oh the study. A l l coders were required to code two pra c t i c e

interviews, which were purposely made d i f f e r e n t to i l l u s t r a t e i n advance some

of the problems that might be encountered during production coding. Those who

successfully completed the coding of these two practice interviews were allowed

to production code. For the f i r s t two weeks of production coding each coded

interview was "check-coded" by a supervisor of the Coding Section or by one

of the analysts i n charge of the study. "Check-coding" consisted of an item-

by-Item check of the coded scores w i t h the scores independently coded by the

supervisor f o r t h a t Interview. This process made i t possible to determine

early i n the study period whether any coder was having t r o u b l e and whether any

For a description of the Coding procedures used by the Survey Research Center, see Manual f o r Coders, Doris Muehl (Ginsburg), ed. (Ann Arbor: I n s t i t u t e f o r Social Research, 1961).

-186-

codes i n p a r t i c u l a r were causing d i f f i c u l t y . A f t e r the study s t a f f was

s a t i s f i e d that the coding errors that were being made were both infrequent and

nonsystematic, only one interview i n ten was "check-coded." This gave us a

group of N = 480 "check-coded" interviews.

Coding R e l i a b i l i t y

I t i s t h i s l a s t group of "check-coded" interviews, those check coded

a t a rate of one i n ten, which was used i n the analysis of coding r e l i a b i l i t y .

Two measures of disagreement were calculated, a gross percent disagreement

between coder and check coder and an estimate of actual coder e r r o r , i . e . ,

t o t a l percent disagreement minus check coder e r r o r . The denominator used

i n obtaining both these figures was 480 (number of "check-coded" i n t e r v i e w s ) ,

Any percent disagreement f i g u r e of less than 5 percent was considered non­

s i g n i f i c a n t and required no f u r t h e r i n v e s t i g a t i o n . Out of the 243 d i f f e r e n t

items coded i n each interview only 43, or 17.7 percent, needed f u r t h e r analysis.

Coder error was calculated f o r each of these 43 items and found to

average 12 percent f o r a l l of them. The error ranged, however, from 2 to 27

percent. Next, each of these 43 items was analyzed f o r special coding

problems. Twenty of the 43 cases had actual coder errors of less than 10

percent. This was considered acceptable and no f u r t h e r i n v e s t i g a t i o n was made

of them. An analysis of each of the remaining 23 cases revealed that the

questions were e i t h e r extremely "open-ended," such as a t t i t u d e questions that

happened to e l i c i t responses that were d i f f i c u l t t o code, or questions t h a t

required some knowledge of the degree of s k i l l required to perform c e r t a i n

automobile and house repairs. Ninety-eight percent of our interviews were

coded by women who seemed to know very l i t t l e about what constituted a complex

or easy car re p a i r . We did not consider these judgments important since

-187-

complexlty estimates were predominately errors of coding a " 1 " when the item

should have been coded "2" on a f i v e - p o i n t scale, rather than e r r o r s of

coding a " 1 " when the item should have been coded "3" or "4."

Hence, the r e l i a b i l i t y of coding based upon the above-described

analysis was considered acceptable, with the low error rate and no evidence

of any p e r s i s t e n t systematic err o r s . I t should be noted that many coding

e r r o r s , e s p e c i a l l y important e r r o r s , have been corrected i n l a t e r stages of

processing.

-188-

Part 3

Data Cleaning Operations

Following the e d i t i n g and coding processes, the Interviews were

keypunched and w r i t t e n on tape. But, before the data could be considered

ready f o r use i n doing analysis, various precautionary checking procedures

were undertaken. The procedures were c a r r i e d out sequentially, i n the

order presented below.

The f i r s t of the four data cleaning operations undertaken was a

"sequence check," which merely checked the data f o r gaps i n the number

se r i e s . This was done to make sure that a l l interviews were i n f a c t coded,

t h a t no Interview was coded twice, and that each interview had i t s correct

i d e n t i f y i n g number.

The next cleaning procedure was a hand operation where each completed

i n t e r v i e w and nonresponse form, w i t h i t s corresponding I d e n t i f i c a t i o n and

l o c a t i o n variables, was l i s t e d on a computer p r i n t o u t to make sure that a

r e p o r t on each address (or name and address, depending on the sample) that

was sent to the f i e l d interviewer was indeed received back by the Ann Arbor

o f f i c e - e i t h e r an interview or a noninterview report. Various errors i n

coding were discovered and corrected at t h i s stage. When a l l the Interviews and

nonresponse cases had been accounted f o r , the interviews were subjected to a

procedure of looking f o r i n v a l i d numerical values on the tape, as w e l l as f o r

blanks where there should have been some numerical value, and double punches.

A computer program call e d "Wild Code Check" was used i n t h i s operation. This

program, according to s p e c i f i c a t i o n s , checked each tape l o c a t i o n f o r in c o r r e c t

values. For example, a question such as "Do you belong to a labor union?" was

-189-

properly coded 1 f o r a "yes" response, 5 f o r a "no" response, and 9 f o r "not

ascertained." Any value other than the 1, 5, or 9 was an e r r o r . The program

p r i n t e d out the offending record w i t h i t s interview number and the e r r o r was

corrected, by looking at the interview.

The next data cleaning operation, c a l l e d a "consistency check," was a

check on the i n t e r n a l l o g i c a l consistency of the e n t r i e s on the tape f o r each

interview. This procedure was also completed using a computer program. As an

example of t h i s process, two items coded on each interview were whether or not

the family owned, rented, or neither owned nor rented t h e i r dwelling u n i t

and the family's estimated value of t h e i r house i f they owned i t . For those

who rented or neither owned nor rented, and only f o r them, a code of zero was

the correct entry on t h i s house-value v a r i a b l e . These l o g i c a l requirements

were s p e c i f i e d i n a computer program, and any inconsistent records were corrected

by going back to the o r i g i n a l statement by the respondent.

The l a s t check made on the data was f o r reasonableness. The phrase

"oddball check" was used f o r t h i s procedure. I t involved looking up cases

which seemed to be extreme on a p a r t i c u l a r value. For instance, to carry the

housing example f u r t h e r , a l l houses w i t h coded values i n excess of $50,000

were looked up to see i f indeed the high value was correct or i f the amount

was i n e r r o r . Seemingly large values on money income, and hours of work were

also checked. The majority of the cases were correct as coded, but the procedure

eliminated the r i s k of one type of serious e r r o r . When these checks had been

_ completed, the next process was construction of a d d i t i o n a l complex va r i a b l e s .

This process i s described i n the next section.

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Part 4

Index Creation

General Procedures

Creation of indexes allowed us to group various related dichotomous

measures i n t o more general and more u n i v e r s a l l y applicable analysis

v a r i a b l e s . Using the basic conceptual framework of the study, some indexes

were constructed i n a deductive manner s t a r t i n g from a p r i o r i t h e o r e t i c a l

considerations, while some were created i n d u c t i v e l y by examining the data

and seeing how the various variables were correlated. Most of the economic

status measures were constructed i n d u c t i v e l y by f i r s t assembling meaningful

economic constructs, while the various indexes measuring q u a l i t y of housing,

background of the head of the family, a t t i t u d e s , and behavior patterns

were constructed using both methods. An index constructed by ei t h e r method

was considered t e n t a t i v e u n t i l each of the components of that index was

correlated w i t h the e n t i r e index and examined f o r p o s i t i v e or negative

c o r r e l a t i o n . I f the component was s u f f i c i e n t l y p o s i t i v e l y correlated w i t h

the e n t i r e index, that component was retained i n the index. I f the correla­

t i o n of the component w i t h the e n t i r e index or one of the other components

was s u f f i c i e n t l y negative, that component was removed. I n a very few cases,

i t was necessary to revise some indexes and eliminate components from other

indexes.

There are several reasons why indexes were required on th i s study.

F i r s t , even with nearly 5,000 cases (degrees o f freedom), there needed to

be some r e s t r i c t i o n on the number of predictors used i n any one analysis.

The technique of constructing an index allowed a number of related variables

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to be collapsed i n t o a more general v a r i a b l e , thus reducing the number of

independent variables i n an analysis.

Second, an index i s metricized and i s easier to use as a dependent

var i a b l e or predictor than each of the components taken separately. Changes

i n the score value on an index between one year and another or net differences

from the average of others i n the same year can be computed e a s i l y . For

instance, "economizing behavior" i s associated w i t h low incomes where the

pressure to economize i s the greatest, but the theory i s that such behavior

also helps to increase one's income i n the f u t u r e . Hence, the i n i t i a l

comparison should be whether the family does more or less economizing than

others with about the same income. Having scores on the same index f o r two

years f o r a family allows between-year comparisons.

The t h i r d reason f o r index construction i s closely re l a t e d to the

second. Basing an index on f i v e or s i x items rather than one or two

increases the p r o b a b i l i t y that the index score f o r any one family i n the

sample w i l l be meaningful. For instance, a family cannot score a point

on an index of money earning behaviors f o r saving money by doing car

repairs unless they own a car. However, i t i s probable t h a t the other

component variables comprising t h i s index are relevant f o r t h i s family.

To n e u t r a l i z e the e f f e c t of a component of an index that i s i r r e l e v a n t

f o r a family, a middle score was a r b i t r a r i l y assigned f o r that component

of the index. Operationally, n e u t r a l i z a t i o n takes the form of gi v i n g one

point f o r an i r r e l e v a n t component, while those f o r whom the item is relevant

are given two points f o r "scoring" and zero points f o r "not scoring."

Nevertheless, i t i s advisable to use the indexes cautiously i f some of

t h e i r components are i r r e l e v a n t f o r a large f r a c t i o n of the respondents.

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The f o u r t h reason f o r index construction i s t h a t i t allows bypassing lengthy f a c t o r analyses, which are d i f f i c u l t i n any case w i t h categorical v a r i a b l e s . We were able to avoid doing f a c t o r analyses by looking at the c o r r e l a t i o n of a component variable w i t h the index i n which i t was included. A component that has a very low or negative c o r r e l a t i o n w i t h the composite index means a negative c o r r e l a t i o n w i t h one or more of the other components, and problems of one component value i n the index cancelling out another.

F i f t h , i t i s easy to t e s t whether or not the components are indeed

a d d i t i v e i n t h e i r e f f e c t s on a dependent var i a b l e by t r e a t i n g the index not

as a single value but as a set of categories of values. I f they show l i n e a r

r e l a t i o n s h i p s w i t h the dependent v a r i a b l e , then the assumption of a d d i t i v i t y

o f the components i s given credence. I f not, then there i s evidence e i t h e r

o f s u b s t i t u t a b i l i t y - - a n y one or two components are enough--or complementarity--

i t takes most or a l l components together t o produce an e f f e c t .

F i n a l l y , an index provides a rapid method of e l i m i n a t i n g variables

which have no e f f e c t on a dependent v a r i a b l e , f o r i f the sum of a set of items

which are not negatively correlated w i t h one another has no e f f e c t on a

dependent v a r i a b l e , i t can be assumed that none of the components have any

e f f e c t e i t h e r . This i s not a p e r f e c t l y safe assumption since one component

may have an e f f e c t i n the reverse d i r e c t i o n , but i t does allow a method f o r

r a p i d f i r s t examination. I f the index does have an e f f e c t on a dependent

v a r i a b l e , then i t i s always possible to dissect i t and determine which

components are producing the e f f e c t .

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Index Measures of Economic Status

Income (1967)

Various subcomponents of money income were added on Worksheet 4

by the e d i t o r s . (Worksheet 4 i s reprinted i n Part 1 of t h i s Section.) Income

has been categorized p a r t l y according to recipient--head of the family, w i f e ,

or others—and p a r t l y according to i t s source; work f o r money, t r a n s f e r s , or

c a p i t a l income or t r a n s f e r income. But i n order to develop the various con­

cepts needed i t was necessary to combine these components i n various ways.

I n a d d i t i o n to a l l the forms of money income, estimates were also made f o r

each family of i t s non-money income, including both imputed returns on assets,

such as one's own home, and the imputed value of work which produced rewards

i n non-money forms, such as d o - i t - y o u r s e l f p r o j e c t s . Also taken account of

i n these measures were the various deductions from income: estimated federal

income taxes, union dues, and c h i l d care costs when there was nobody home to

take care of the ch i l d r e n . To the family's t o t a l money income imputations

were added to derive r e a l income. Then the costs of earning income were

subtracted from t h i s r e a l income to get a measure of net re a l income.

Variables 74-91 are the major measures of money income, while Variables 322-

324 are the measures of r e a l income.

Family Needs

Measurement of a family's economic status requires comparing the

family's income with some measure of how much the family needs. These

measures of needs are of course not absolutely correct but merely a r e l a t i v e

adjustment f o r d i f f e r e n t family sizes and types. Two of these measures were

calculated on Worksheet 2. The food needs standard of the Department of

A g r i c u l t u r e that was computed f o r each family was based on s p e c i f i c estimated

costs of f u l f i l l i n g the food requirements of i n d i v i d u a l s of varying age and

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sex. This annual t o t a l was then adjusted according to the Department of

Ag r i c u l t u r e ' s notions f o r economies of scale f o r larger families and diseconomies

f o r smaller f a m i l i e s . The t o t a l needs measure i s based on the food needs

standard which i s then expanded to estimate the t o t a l family needs according

to the Orshansky p r i n c i p l e of m u l t i p l y i n g by three, except f o r smaller

f a m i l i e s , where diseconomies of scale are taken i n t o account ind a larger

m u l t i p l i e r i s used.

Leisure Time of Family

A component of economic status that i s often neglected i s l e i s u r e ,

which we measured i n t h i s study by f i r s t assuming that everyone had 16 hours

a day, or 5,840 hours a year, a f t e r deductions were made f o r sleeping and

eating. Included i n our measure of l e i s u r e were the head of the family and

h i s w i f e , i f any. These two i n d i v i d u a l s were considered "major adul t s , " and

the sum of t h e i r number of hours of l e i s u r e was divided by two to a r r i v e at

the " l e i s u r e per person" f i g u r e f o r the e n t i r e family. In unusual circum­

stances, especially where the functional r o l e of the wife was f u l f i l l e d by

another person, that person was considered a major adult as w e l l . Worksheet 3

i l l u s t r a t e s the e d i t i n g procedure used i n deriving t h i s concept. Basically,

time spent working—whether or not f o r remuneration—and doing housework

were deducted from the i n i t i a l 5,840 hours. Other minor adjustments were

made. Eight hours per working day f o r each day the person was unemployed

was deducted on the grounds that t h i s was not enjoyable l e i s u r e time. Sixteen

hours a day during the days that people were i l l were deducted on the grounds

t h a t t h i s , too, was unwanted l e i s u r e . Estimates of the amount of time house­

work took were based on e a r l i e r Survey Research Center data; no questions

about housework time were included i n the 1968 survey. These three types of

measures of economic status — income, needs, and le i s u r e — w e r e combined i n t o

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more refine d measures as described below.

Income/Needs Ratios

The most obvious f i r s t step of refinement was to r e l a t e various

measures of income to needs f o r each family to get what i s sometimes c a l l e d

a w e l f a r e - r a t i o or poverty index. I t i s not advisable to attach very much

sig n i f i c a n c e to the value of the r a t i o when i t i s equal to one, i . e . , c a l l i n g

i t a d e f i n i t i o n of poverty. But the r a t i o taken as a number can be used as

a rough i n d i c a t o r of how w e l l - o f f a family i s . A series of such r a t i o s were

generated varying from the simple r a t i o of money income to the annual needs

standard measure to ones which used more complex and r e f i n e d measures of income

and needs. (See Variables 325-327.) Eight a d d i t i o n a l such measures were

developed using two d e f i n i t i o n s of the l e v e l of adequacy of the needs standard,

w i t h two re fjijiemen ts on these d e f i n i t i o n s , and two d i f f e r e n t adjustment

factors f o r farmers. The two d e f i n i t i o n s of the l e v e l of adequacy were the

low cost and the more spartan economy l e v e l . The refinement was a modified

standard that was based on the 1965 food consumption survey data which allowed

f o r economies of scale up to the eleventh family member. One adjustment f o r

farmers m u l t i p l i e d the calculated r a t i o by .8, the f i g u r e suggested i n the

U. S. Department of A g r i c u l t u r e , while the other m u l t i p l i e d the calculated

r a t i o by .7. The c o r r e l a t i o n between each one of these welfare r a t i o s was

very high. And although each measure may give a s l i g h t l y d i f f e r e n t estimate

o f the t o t a l number of poor, a family's r e l a t i v e p o s i t i o n on one index i s

l i k e l y to be that same p o s i t i o n on each of the other indexes. This i s

es p e c i a l l y true of a l l the r a t i o s that use money income, but i t i s not quite

so true of the r a t i o s where the numerator included components of nonmoney

income.

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Quality of Housing

An important measure of economic status, and one which i s d i f f i c u l t

t o measure adequately, i s q u a l i t y of housing. Since t h i s measure was used

i n d e r i v i n g the measures of re a l income, i t i s worth describing the problems

t h a t e x i s t i n measuring t h i s v a r i a b l e . S t r i c t l y monetary measures of housing

q u a l i t y are d e f i c i e n t since there i s not necessarily a very g">od connection be­

tween the amount someone pays f o r housing and what he gets f o r i t . For example,

some people are the b e n e f i c i a r i e s of rent c o n t r o l or landlords who haven't

raised t h e i r rent f o r some years, while others have houses that they have had

f o r many years that are f a r b e t t e r than they need. There are also those who

have faced dis c r i m i n a t i o n i n housing and there are those who are recent

migrants and who probably pay higher than average rents f o r t h e i r quarters.

S t i l l others l i v e i n subsidized housing. A nonmonetary measure of housing

i s also unsatisfactory. Obvious deficiencies that make f o r substandard housing

are i n f a c t so rare that i t seemed i n e f f i c i e n t to ask questions about them

i n the interview. We did ask the interviewers to note at the end of the i n t e r ­

view any obvious deficiencies such as no indoor plumbing, no evidence of

running water i n the house, and s t r u c t u r a l defects. These q u a l i t a t i v e assess­

ments were combined w i t h the monetary measures of actual rent or house value.

Other monetary and q u a l i t a t i v e measures were included as w e l l . Variable 387

gives a l l the d e t a i l s of t h i s index.

Measures of "We11-Offness"

The term "well-offness" describes a class of measures that are more

comprehensive than simple r a t i o s of income to needs, but s t i l l focus on the

economic resources of time and goods and services. The term "well-offness"

was chosen over the term "welfare index" since the l a t e r implied too broad

a concept and one that might be too t i e d to the i n s t i t u t i o n of public welfare.

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At issue i n the creation of these measures was the problem of how to combine

a measure of the family's c o n t r o l over goods and services ( r e l a t i v e to i t s

needs) w i t h a measure of the l e i s u r e time l e f t to enjoy those goods and

services. I n essence a measure was desired that would allow ascertaining

whether or not a family was b e t t e r o f f i n one year than another, taking i n t o

account the f a c t that any or a l l of the components, income, family size, or

l e i s u r e , might change between one year and another.

curve between l e i s u r e and r e a l income, or will i n g n e s s to s u b s t i t u t e one f o r

the other, i s roughly a rectangular hyperbola, so that i f the product of

income and le i s u r e was constant over two years the family's s a t i s f a c t i o n was

unchanged between the two years. Second, i t was assumed that t o t a l s a t i s f a c t i o n

or well—of-fness -is a homogeneous l i n e a r function of the two components as i n

the theory of production w i t h equal exponents, so our measure of well-offness

This means that i f a family has 10 percent more income r e l a t i v e to

i t s needs, and 10 percent more l e i s u r e too, i t i s 10 percent b e t t e r o f f . I t

also means that trading a 10 percent increase i n income f o r a 10 percent

decrease i n l e i s u r e leaves the family at the same p o s i t i o n . The t r i c k i s ,

of course, t h a t components measured i n d i f f e r e n t u n i t s cannot be added but

they can be m u l t i p l i e d . But there i s the basic t h e o r e t i c a l reasoning, too,

that people have a diminishing rate of s u b s t i t u t i o n between l e i s u r e and income.

Three "well-offness" measures were b u i l t , one using money income,

and two others using real income; see Variables 328-330. But ne i t h e r of

these could adjust f o r the p e r s i s t e n t housing q u a l i t y measure problems:

th a t what people get f o r t h e i r housing d o l l a r varies a great deal from one

Two s i m p l i f y i n g assumptions were made: f i r s t t hat the i n d i f f e r e n c e

becomes 2 /Incomes V̂ Needs J (Leisure) 1/2

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f a m i l y to another. There may be other goods and services where price differences,

or d i f f e r e n t i a l subsidies, make money an inadequate measure of how w e l l - o f f one

can be, but housing appears to be the more serious problem.

As stated e a r l i e r some people pay low rents because of rent c o n t r o l ,

the i n e r t i a of t h e i r landlords, the willingness of r e l a t i v e s to provide free

housing, or because of various subsidized housing programs. Others pay dearly

f o r the housing they get, perhaps because of discr i m i n a t i o n or perhaps they

f i n d themselves i n a t i g h t housing market. And i f one of our panel families

were to move from one of these s i t u a t i o n s t o the contrasting one, nothing

would happen to t h e i r income, needs standard, or lei s u r e time; yet they would

be b e t t e r or worse o f f because t h e i r income would buy more, or less. Therefore

another measure was developed which subtracted from net r e a l income a l l housing

costs (and also imputed housing components of real income).

Index Measures of Background of the Family Head

Three background indexes were b u i l t ; a l l r e f e r r i n g to the head of

the family. The f i r s t was an index call e d "Background Problems," which

combined early childhood handicaps such as poor parents, growing up on a

farm, inadequate education (less than 6 grades and reports d i f f i c u l t y reading),

and having a c h i l d before the age of 20. The second of these was "Employment

Problems," which combined recent experiences of unemployment, i l l n e s s , loss

of job, and other problems suggesting d i f f i c u l t y i n securing employment.

The t h i r d , "Current Handicaps," combined various current s i t u a t i o n a l variables

t h a t might be a pre d i c t o r of the head's current economic status. (See Variables

384-386 for these measures.)

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Index Measures of Behavior

Six indexes of behavior were created, w i t h four of them redone i n

revised form. The d e s c r i p t i v e t i t l e s of these indexes should be considered

only as shorthand i n d i c a t o r s of what variables are covered i n them.

The index, "Horizon Expressed," combines various evidences of actual

e x p l i c i t plans or expectations about the f u t u r e , i n c l u d i n g plans about moving,

children's education, job change, as w e l l as ownership of sub s t a n t i a l savings.

I t i s worth noting t h a t the c o r r e l a t i o n between t h i s index of Horizon Expressed

(Variable 391) and the a t t i t u d i n a l counterpart "Self-reported Horizon"

(Variable 392) where the respondent said he planned ahead and that his plans

worked out and that he would rather save than spend, was very low ( r = .18).

This low c o r r e l a t i o n r e f l e c t s i n part the unanchored nature of s e l f - r a t i n g s ,

but also r e f l e c t s the f a c t that e x p l i c i t behavior reports contain a l o t of

random noise because for each behavior there are some f o r whom i t i s i r r e l e v a n t ,

impossible, or perhaps, means something d i f f e r e n t from what we i n f e r .

The second v a r i a b l e , "Connectedness to Sources of Information and

Help," combines reports of ten a c t i v i t i e s which seemed p o t e n t i a l l y l i k e l y to

provide the respondent w i t h information or help. The a c t i v i t i e s included

range from going to church to v i s i t i n g a bar or tavern, and from reading

newspapers to knowing people i n the neighborhood. The theory was that when

a man needs a job, or facts about where to get something f i x e d or buy i t cheap,

i t helps to have people he can contact without d i f f i c u l t y . (See Variable 393.)

"Income-Increasing Acts" (money-earning a c t s ) , combines a number of

job- r e l a t e d actions, and hence i s meaningless f o r those not i n the labor

force. Such things as working more than f u l l time, having a working w i f e ,

doing something about a better job, not being l a t e to work or not coming to

work, or moving to get a better job, were a l l included. (See Variable 394.)

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"Real Earning Acts" combines reports on various kinds of a c t i v i t i e s

t h a t produced nonmoney income d i r e c t l y w i t h investments i n human c a p i t a l

such as taking courses or lessons. A number of items such as doing one's

own additions and repairs to the home, r e p a i r i n g a car, sewing and growing

one's own food are included. This index i s negatively correlated w i t h income.

A revised version of t h i s index e x i s t s , as w e l l . (See Variables 395 and 427.)

"Economizing" as o r i g i n a l l y b u i l t combined such components as g e t t i n g

more than 100 hours of free help, not owning a very new car that could de­

p r e c i a t e , eating together as a family, r e s t r i c t i n g expenditure on alcohol

and c i g a r e t t e s , not eating out much, and r e p o r t i n g special ways of saving on

food and c l o t h i n g purchases. A v a r i a n t on t h i s index was b u i l t that omitted

the special ways of saving on food and c l o t h i n g . Both variants are strongly

negatively correlated w i t h income, (See Variables 396 and 432.)

"Risk Avoidance" combines such things as keeping the car i n good

co n d i t i o n , having i t insured, using seat b e l t s , having some savings, not

over-smoking, and having medical insurance or, i f not, a way to get free

medical care. (See Variables 397 and 434.)

Index Measures of Attitudes

Four a t t i t u d i n a l indexes were created, w i t h a d d i t i o n a l variants on

two of them. Most of the component variables f o r these indexes came from

Section L of the questionnaire. The questions i n t h i s section were a l l b a l ­

anced and of the f i x e d a l t e r n a t i v e type, w i t h the f i r s t stated a l t e r n a t i v e

the opposite of the second. An example from the questionnaire was the

f o l l o w i n g : "Would you rather spend your money and enjoy l i f e today, or save

more for the future?" Even though j u s t two a l t e r n a t i v e s were read to the

respondent, there was space l e f t i n the questionnaire f o r the interviewer

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to record any q u a l i f i c a t i o n s to t h e i r r e p l i e s . A l l these a t t i t u d i n a l questions

were categorized using a f i v e - p o i n t L i k e r t scale. The overwhelming m a j o r i t y

of respondents, however, repeated one or the other of the a l t e r n a t i v e s

without any a d d i t i o n a l comments of t h e i r own, and these r e p l i e s were coded

at the extremes of the scale. The a t t i t u d i n a l questions used i n t h i s wave

of the questionnaire were c a r e f u l l y pretested; many of them have been used

on other studies done at the Survey Research Center. A l l of these questions

were s e l f - r a t i n g i n nature.

"Trust i n Others," or the v a r i a n t on t h i s index, "Trust or H o s t i l i t y , "

was developed to get at the respondent's b e l i e f that i t i s possible f o r him to

get somewhere. The v a r i a n t of t h i s index "Trust or H o s t i l i t y " was a more

dichotomized index, w i t h only the extreme scores g e t t i n g a point. (See

Variables 389 and 420.) "Ambition ( v e r b a l ) " or expressions of a s p i r a t i o n

was intended to get at the respondent's sense of pressure to get ahead.

(See Variable 390 and 423.) "Sense of Personal E f f i c a c y " and i t s v a r i a n t

"Reported Efficacy and Planning," concern the respondent's sense of whether

his l i f e and plans would work out, and whether or not one f e l t l i m i t e d and

generally s a t i s f i e d or d i s s a t i s f i e d w i t h himself. (See Variables 388 and 419.)

"Self-Reported Horizon" has to do w i t h the sense of the respondent's looking

ahead. (See Variable 392.)

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Part 5

Response Rates and Weighting

I n t r o d u c t i o n

Since the e n t i r e sample of respondents was a c t u a l l y two samples, the

general cross-section sample of newly selected addresses and the reinterview

sample secured from the Census Bureau, the response rates of these two samples

are discussed separately. However, the weighting was done taking both samples

i n t o consideration, so that a l l interviews can be analyzed as one representa­

t i v e n a t i o n a l cross-section sample when weighted.

Response Rates f o r the Cross-Section

The o v e r a l l response rate'*" f o r the e n t i r e cross-section sample was

77 percent, n e t t i n g us 2930 completed interviews. Response rates were

s i g n i f i c a n t l y lower i n the SMSA's than i n the Non-SMSA areas. Furthermore,

response rates were consistently lower i n the SMSA areas of the Northeast

than SMSA areas outside the Northeast, especially f o r the central c i t i e s of

the largest SMSA's. The response rate f o r the Non-SMSA areas did not vary

according to region and was 7 percentage points higher than the o v e r a l l rate

f o r the e n t i r e sample. These differences i n response rates were taken i n t o

consideration when weights were calculated f o r the data.

""Response r a t e " means t o t a l response divided by the sum of t o t a l cross-section responses plus the noninterview cases of the cross-section. Nonsample cases— house vacant, address found not to be a r e s i d e n t i a l dwelling, respondent absent—are omitted from the base. The response rate would be 100 percent i f the Interviewer had been p e r f e c t l y successful i n obtaining usable Interviews from every u n i t properly i n the sample.

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Table 1 RESPONSE RATES3 BY SIZE OF SAMPLE AREA AND

WHETHER IN NORTHEAST (Cross-Section Sample)

Region Size of Sample Area Northeast Non-Northeast Total

Central c i t i e s of 12 largest SMSA's 54% 66% 60% Suburbs of 12 largest SMSA's, and other SMSA's 67% 69% 76% Non-SMSA areas 84% 84% 84%

Total 66% 80% 77%

[Total Response * (Total Response + Non-Interview Cases)]

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Other variables, mostly demographic, were also examined for response rate variations. Response rates varied according to age of the head of the family with those under age 35 and those 75 or older having the highest response rates, about ten percent higher than the overall average. Families whose heads were between ages 35 and 74, accordingly, had response rates s l i g h t l y lower than the overall average. Differences i n response rate accord­ing to the sex of the head of the family were only minimal. Those l i v i n g in single-family dwellings had a response rate of 80 percent, while the rate for those l i v i n g i n large apartments was substantially lower, 59 percent.

Response Rates for the Reinterview Census Sample

The overall response rate for the reinterview sample was 74 percent. I t must be kept i n mind that this response rate reflects the fact that i n t e r ­viewers had to deal with names and addresses of respondents interviewed once before by another organization and who probably lived i n neighborhoods with which the Survey Research Center interviewer was not familiar. Hence, some potential respondents were never found, some were deceased, and Borne had moved out of the range of any of our interviewers. I t should also be noted that the reinterview sample excluded entirely or underrepresented some groups who have high average response rates, e.g. people over 60. Nevertheless, in spite of these problems the response rate was only 3 percentage points lower than that for the cross-section sample. This sample netted 1872 completed Interviews.

This sample showed the same general relationship between size of area and response rate that the cross-section sample showed, with the rates lower fo r the SMSA areas than elsewhere. (See Table 2.) I t must be noted, however, that the only Non-SMSA part of the sample was located i n the South. There was

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Table 2 RESPONSE RATES BY SIZE OF SAMPLE AREA AND REGION

(REINTERVIEW CENSUS SAMPLE)

Region North

Size of Sample Area Northeast Central South West Total

12 largest SMSA's Central Cities 58% 71% 68%b 64% 65% Suburbs 68% 64% b 77%b 64% 67%

Other SMSA's 87% a 67% 68% 64% 76%

Non-SMSA areas c c 85% c 85%

Total 61% 70% 78% 64% 74%

Only seven cases ^Between t h i r t y and 50 cases °No cases i n these cells

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not quite as pronounced a difference i n response rate between central c i t i e s of the 12 largest SMSA's and other SMSA areas i n this sample as there was in the cross-section sample. The Northeast and the West had a lower response rate than did the other two regions of the country. There were some admin­i s t r a t i v e d i f f i c u l t i e s i n securing interviews i n the Northeast and West that were unique. The South had a higher overall response rate than did any of the other regions, but I t must be remembered that this was the only region that contained sample points i n Non-SMSA areas.

Weighting

The cross-section sample is a self-weighting sample except for adjustments for d i f f e r e n t i a l non-response. The reinterview Census sample, however, i s far from self-weighting. I t started with widely different sampling fractions between i t s two halves and within the low-income supple­ment (see Section I I ) , and had these compounded by non-signing of releases of data and the selection of PSU's by SRC, as well as by d i f f e r e n t i a l non-response from the Census i n 1967 and from the Survey Research Center in 1968.

The weighting can be thought of as combining two parts. F i r s t , a set of weights were calculated, taking account of the variations In selection rates and the fact that only some parts of the cross-section sample were e l i g i b l e for duplication i n the Census sample. These calculations were made ori g i n a l l y segment-by-segment, and later pooled. Secondly, differences i n response rates by region and c i t y size were allowed for. When there are several families because of " s p l i t - o f f s " (e.g. a young adult leaving home), the weight of the original family is given to the s p l i t - o f f family. And the family weight is given to each individual i n that family, when using the Individual as the analysis unit.

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The resulting weights reduce the possible biases from d i f f e r e n t i a l sampling fractions, nonslgning of releases, and SRC selection rates, as well as from d i f f e r e n t i a l non-response rates on this wave. At best, however, the weighted results should not be thought of as e f f i c i e n t or t o t a l l y unbiased national estimates. The weights are more usefully thought of as reducing biases In the estimates, especially In the relationships between changes which we Intend to estimate. For some purposes, where emphasis i n on low-income people, i t may even make more sense to analyze the data unweighted, focusing attention on the group out of proportion to their frequency i n the population. When analyzing the data unweighted, however, one must keep i n mind that non-representative samples can produce biased estimates of re­lationships, and of relationships among various kinds of change over time.

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SECTION V

TAPE CODE AND DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONSES

The Two Tapes and Their Variables

This section includes the tape code, a description of the tape, and weighted distributions on most of the variables. There are two tapes, one having a record for each family, and one having a record for each Individual i n the sample. Both tapes are for both samples combined. However, i f desired, the cross-section part of the sample can, through f i l t e r i n g , be used for analysis purposes by i t s e l f .

The family and the individual tapes have their f i r s t 439 variables i n common. The only difference between the two i n the variables included i s that the individual tape has thirteen additional variables that pertain to the individuals alone such as age, sex, relationship to the head of the family, etc.

The f i r s t four variables on both tapes are i d e n t i f i e r s . Next come the group of variables that were created at the editing stage of the process (Variables 5-91), followed by the variables that were coded directly from the completed interview (Variables 92-318). The remaining variables are those generated i n the computer after the data-cleaning operations. Variable 439 on both the individual and the family tape i s the weight variable. When analysis is being done on the entire sample, whether using the family or individual as the analysis unit, the data should be weighted with this variable. Weights can be omitted only when the proportion of the population represented by an Individual or family, or group, is of no concern. See Part 5 of Section IV for

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the discussion of weighting.

The tape code i s set up, reading from l e f t to r i g h t , with the variable number f i r s t , followed by the tape location, and a description of the variable's content. Immediately to the l e f t of the v e r t i c a l l i s t of numerical values i s a percentage distribution. This percentage distribution is a weighted dis­t r i b u t i o n on that variable for the entire sample—both the cross-section and the Census reinterview halves. These percentages do not always add to 100.0 percent because of rounding. In cases where there was no space for the dis­t r i b u t i o n immediately to the l e f t of the variable, the distribution was put after the tape code. No percentage distributions are given for variables that are in excess of one d i g i t in width. The tape location i m p l i c i t l y gives the f i e l d width of the variable. I t should be noted that the value 9 i s often used to signify "not ascertained" and the value 0 is frequently used when a variable is inappropriate for the unit. In numerical variables of more than one d i g i t i n width, however, the value 0 practically always means zero. One should be cautious of 9's i n a f i e l d of more than one d i g i t in width. This designation was often used when the value for the f i e l d was not ascertained. The code w i l l always indicate whether or not this i s true.

Technical Specifications of the Tapes The two tapes have been b u i l t for use on the I n s t i t u t e for Social

Research's OSIRIS/40 system, our version of the IBM (O)perating (S)ystem for a 360/40. The standard tape as used by this system contains a dictionary in front of the actual data f i l e . This dictionary contains information about each variable including the variable number, i t s type, i t s alphanumeric name, tape location, f i e l d width, number of decimal places, and specifications of what the missing data codes are (optional). A tape f i l e in this format i s

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called a "Standard File," and i t can be used i n i t s original form with the dictionary only on the OSIRIS/40 system. However, both tapes can usually be reformated to the user's specifications i f these specifications are known i n complete d e t a i l .

Both tapes are labeled 9-track tapes, with 800 BPI, and written i n EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal). Both the family and the individual tapes are i n blocked format, with a fixed record size. The logical record length of the family tape Is 748, while the block size i s (748 x 4 families per block) 2992. The logical record length of the Individual tape i s 770 while the block size is (770 x 4) 3080.

Procedures for Buying a Tape or Other Data

Any potential user can purchase one or both tapes according to his own specifications. The cost of one tape and i t s code should not exceed $500. Both tapes for 1968 are currently available. I f one is not sure precisely in what format he wants the tape, consultation with the computing center where the tape w i l l be used is advised. A l l inquiries regarding the above or any other information about the study should be made in writing to: Librarian, Economic Behavior Program, Survey Research Center, I n s t i t u t e for Social Research, university of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106, and should refer to Project 45768.

After each of the five years of interviewing, i t is planned to make available tapes and associated tape codes and a set of documents from each year describing the procedures of the study, including sampling, interviewers' instructions, editing procedures, creation of complex variables, etc. In sub­sequent years the data w i l l include variables that show measures of change.

-212-Worksheet 1 (Housing, Cars, and Payments)

Variable Tape Number Location Description and Details

1 1-3 Study number (768)

2 4-8 Sequence number (the last d i g i t of this number is zero for a l l but 35 cases which were coded 1. These cases are related secondaries about to leave home, who were interviewed separately. Most data tapes omit the 35, so the last d i g i t of this number w i l l be =0)

3 9-12 Family number (the f i r s t four digits of the sequence number, and kept as the li n k with later reinterviews, i.e., coded each year for any member of this family who i s reinterviewed.

4 13 Sub-family number (the last d i g i t of the sequence number. This w i l l be 0 except for 35 related secondaries who w i l l be eliminated from most data tapes).

5 14-18 House value 00000 Inap, not a home owner 99999 $99,999 or more (There are no missing data; they were assigned values)

6 19-22 Property taxes (estimated from house value using data from previous surveys) and region, and central city or suburbs. Rate of taxation on house value was assigned on the basis of data from previous surveys. The assigned tax rates are shown i n the table below.

PROPER! _ TAXES/HOUSE VALUE Distance from Nearest Maine, Vermont, Mass., City of 50,000 or More Rhode Island, N.H., (Question N i l , page 31) Connecticut, New

England (See Interviewer Label) Other

0 - 5 .025 .020 5-49 .020 .015

50 miles or more .015 .010

Source: E.S. Maynes & J. N. Morgan, "The Effective Role of Real Estate Taxation," R.E. Stat. XXXIX (Feb. 1957), 14-22.

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7 23 Accuracy of house value and property taxes

0 No assignments 1 Minor assignments 2 Major assignments (probable errors more than $300 or 10% 3 Complex property, requiring allocation of property

taxes, etc. between dwelling and other purposes of building.

8 24-27 Annual mortgage payments 0000 Inap, does not have mortgage payments 9999 $9,999 or more

9 28 Accuracy of mortgage payments (See code for Variable 7)

10 29-32 Annual rent paid 0000 Inap, does not pay rent 9999 $9,999 or more

11 33 Accuracy of rent payments 0. No assignments 1. Minor assignments 2. Major assignments (probable errors more than

$300 or 10% of the tot a l ) 12 34-37 Annual rent value of free housing (for those who

neither own nor rent) , 0000 Inap.

13 38 Accuracy of annual rent value of free housing (See V I I code)

14 39-41 Annual U t i l i t i e s Paid 0000 None 9999 $10,000 or more

15 42 Accuracy of annual u t i l i t i e s (See VII code)

16 43-46 Value of Additions and repairs done by R and family 0000 Did none self 9999 $9,999 or more

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17 47 Accuracy of V16 0. No assignments 1. Minor assignments 2. Major assignments

4. Work done free of charge by someone outside the family unit

18 48-51 Annual payments on previous additions and repairs (Debt) . 0000 No payments 9999 $9,999 or more

19 52 Accuracy of V18 (See V l l code) 20 53-56 Annual cost of car insurance

0000 No insurance (or no car) 9999 $9,999 or more

21 57 Accuracy of V20 (See V l l code)

22 58-61 Annual payments on car debts 0000 No car payments 9999 $9,999 or more

23 62 Accuracy of V22 (See V l l code)

24 63-65 Amount saved doing own car repairs 0000 Nothing (or did no repairs) 9999 $9,999 or more

25 66 Accuracy of V24 (See V17 code) 26 67-69 Hours spent repairing car

000 None 999 999 or more

27 70 Accuracy of V26 (See V l l code) 28 71-74 Annual payments on other debts

0000 No such payments 9999 $9,999 or more

29 75 Accuracy of V28 (See V l l code)

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Worksheet 2 (Food Expenditures and Food Needs)

Variable Tape Number Location Description and Details

30 76 Family size 9 Nine or more

31 77-80 Annual food standard (Needs) This i s based on the USDA Low Cost plan estimates of the weekly food costs, according to the table below (repro­duced from Family Economics Review March, 1967), summed for the family converted to annual (times 52), and adjusted for economies of scale by USDA rules as follows:

Single person - add 20% Two persons - add 10% Three persons - add 5% Four persons - no change Five persons - deduct 5% Six or more persons - deduct 10%

TABLE B. INDIVIDUAL FOOD STANDARD (LOW COST)

Age Male Female Under 3 3.90 3.90 4 - 6 4.60 4.60 7 - 9 5.50 5.50

10 - 12 6.40 6.30 13 - 15 7.40 6.90 16 - 20 8.70 7.20 21 - 35 7.50 6.50 35 - 55 6.90 6.30 55 + 6.30 5.40

(This same standard w i l l be used i n subsequent years, leaving adjustments for i n f l a t i o n , etc. to users.)

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32 81-85 Annual Need Standard This i s the Orshansky-type poverty threshold, based on the annual food needs standard above, with an additional adjustment for diseconomies of small households ( i n rent, etc.) and an adjustment for farmers:

Basically i t i s : 4.89 times the food needs for single persons 3.7 times the food needs for two person units 3.0 times the food needs for a l l other units

33 86-88 Annual expenditures on alcoholic beverages 000 None

999 $999 or more

34 89 Accuracy of V33 (See V l l code)

35 90-92 Annual expenditure on cigarettes 000 None

999 $999 or more

36 93 Accuracy of V35 (See V l l code)

37 94-97 Annual food expenditures, (corrected to exclude alcohol and cigarettes) 0000 None

9999 $9,999 or more

38 98 Accuracy of V37 (See V l l code)

39 99-101 Saved growing own food (in 1967) 000 None

999 $999 or more

40 102 Accuracy of V39 (See V l l code)

41 103-105 Saved sewing own clothes 000 None 999 $999 or more

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42 106 Accuracy of V41 (See V l l code)

43 107-109 Value of free food received on job (annual) 000 None

999 $999 or more

44 110 Accuracy of V43 (See V l l code)

45 111-113 Saved by using food stamps (non-money income subsidy) 000 None 999 $999 or more

46 114 Accuracy of V45 (see V l l code)

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Worksheet 3 (Time Budgets)

Variable Tape Number Location Description and Details

47 115-118 Head's annual hours working for money 0000 None 9999 9999 or more

48 119 Accuracy of V47 (See V l l code)

49 120-123 Head's non-leisure from unemployment (Annual hours) (Days unemployed times 8) 0000 None 9999 9999 or more

50 124 Accuracy of V49 (See V l l code)

51 125-128 Head's non-leisure from illness (Annual hours) (Days i l l times 16 for the f i r s t 8 weeks and times 8 for time thereafter) 0000 None

9999 9999 or more

52 129 Accuracy of V51 (See V l l code)

53 130-133 Wife's annual hours working for money 0000 None or Inap. 9999 9999 O R M O R E

54 134 Accuracy of V53 (See V l l code)

55 135-138 Hours of purchased child care ( i f children under 12 and adults a l l work) (Based on reported cost of child care, assuming $1 per hour) 0000 None or Inap.

56 139 Accuracy of V55 (See V l l code)

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57 140-143 Free help with housework, baby s i t t i n g , etc. from outside dwelling. (Based on amount saved by such free help, assuming $1 per hour.)

58 144 Accuracy of V57 (See V l l code)

59 145-148 Hours spent on housework by head and wife. (Based on estimates from Productive Americans (see below) after deducting purchased child care hours (V55) and free help (V57))

Single Man Housework Hours No one under 18 400 Youngest 6-18 600 I f child under 6, or more than 4 i n FU

Single Woman Alone 1000 With another adult 1300 One or two children youngest 4 or older 1600 youngest under 4 2200

Larger families - use couples table. Wife

Doesn't Married Couples Work

Alone 2000 Children or others age 4+ 3 or 4 people 2300 5 or 6 people 2600 7 or more 3000

Wife works but less than 750 hrs/yr

1700

2200 2500 2800

Wife works more than 750 hrs/yr

1500

1800 2000 2400

Youngest child under 4 3 people 2600 4 or 5 people 3000 6 or more 3500

2600 3000 3500

1800 2300 2700

Source: Productive Americans, MTR 146

60 149 Accuracy of V59 (See V l l code)

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61 150-153 Annual hours spent on home production (Work for housing, own additions and repairs, car repairs, growing food, making and mending clothes)

62 154 Accuracy of V61 (See V l l code)

63 155-158 Housework by second adult (not wife) who is to be included i n calculating leisure per adult. (Extra housework from Table i f second adult were treated as spouse.)

64 159 Accuracy of V63 (See V l l code)

65 160-163 Total non-leisure hours (working, i l l , or unemployed) for head and wife (or second adult, Sum of Variables 47, 49, 51, 53, 61, 63)

66 164 Accuracy of V65 (See V l l code)

67 165-168 Work hours of f i r s t extra adult (for money)

68 169 Accuracy of V67 (See V l l code)

69 170-173 Work hours of second extra adult

70 174 Accuracy of V69 (See V l l code)

71 175 Number of major adults (The number of adults for which the total nonleisure hours was calculated)

72 176-179 Total hours worked for money by anyone other than head and wife

73 180-183 Leisure hours per major adult (5840 available hours minus non-leisure, V65) divided by number of major adults, V71)). The source of 5840 is 365 days of 16 hours each, allowing for 8 hours sleep.

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Worksheet 4 (Money Income)

Variable Tape Number Location Description and Details

74 184-188 Head's money income from labor (Labor part of farm income and business income, wages, bonuses, overtime, commissions, professional practice, labor part of income from roomers and boarders or business income (See editing instructions)

75 189-193 Wife's money income from work

76 194-198 Income from capital of head and wife (Asset part of income from farm, business, roomers, etc., plus income from rent, interest dividends, etc., and wife's income from assets)

77 199-203 Taxable income (from labor or capital) of the person

other than head or wife with the highest -income

78 204-208 Taxable income of other person with next highest income

79 209-213 Taxable income of a l l earners, other than head and wife.

80 214-218 Aid to Dependent Children, Aid to Dependent Children with Unemployed Fathers (ADC, ADCU) for the entire family. This is part of transfer income.

81 219-223 TOTAL FAMILY MONEY INCOME This i s the sum of V76, 79, 80 plus transfer income other than ADC, ADCU. (Total transfer income is available by subtracting Variables 76 and 79 from Variable 81.)

82 224-227 Contributions made to outside dependents (outside the dwelling) (This is an out-transfer which could be deducted from income, and is i n one variant developed i n the 1969 wave.) 0000 None 9998 $10,000 or more 9999 N.A.

NOTE: This is the only variable on the worksheets where missing data was not assigned.

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83 228-232 Total family income taxes paid This is estimated by editors on the basis of taxable income, number of exemptions (taking account of those over 65 or bli n d ) , using tables for single, married, and head of household which incorporate the average deductions from Statistics of Income.

84 233-237 Cost of income This Is the sum of income taxes, cost of child care i f a l l adults work, and union dues.

85 238 Accuracy of V74 (See V l l code)

86 239 Accuracy of V75 (See V l l code)

87 240 Accuracy of V76 (See V l l code)

88 241 Accuracy of V77 (See V l l code)

89 242 Accuracy of V78 (See V l l code)

90 243 Accuracy of V80 (See V l l code)

91 244 Accuracy of V82 (See V l l code)

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92 245-247 Survey Research Center identifying number of primary sampling unit (county or cluster of counties)

Hundreds Digit Units Digit f 2 1 or 2

Twelve Largest Metropolitan Areas

Rest of the Country

3 or 4

1 or 2

3 or 4

1 or 2

3 or 4 1 or 2

3 or 4

5, 6, 9

7, 8 5, 6, 9 7, 8 5, 6, 9 7, 8 5, 6, 9 7, 8

Area Designated Central c i t i e s i n the Northeast of large metropolitan areas Suburban areas of large metropolitan areas i n the Northeast Central c i t i e s of large metro areas, North Central Suburbs of large metro areas, North Central Central c i t i e s of large metro areas, South Suburbs of large metro areas, South Central c i t i e s of large metro areas, West Suburbs of large metro areas, West

Northeast, area i s a Standard Metropolitan S t a t i s t i c a l Area (contains a cit y of 50,000 or more)

Northeast, not SMSA North central, area contains a SMSA North central, no SMSA i n area South, SMSA South, not a SMSA West, SMSA West, not a SMSA

This i s coded even for the Census sample, but there i s a separate Census Primary Sampling Unit designation (See Variable 132)

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93 248-249 State where lives now Alphabetically 01 = Alabama to 49 = Wyoming, (but 50 = Alaska and 51 = Hawaii, though they do not appear) This and the county code are from U.S. General Services Administration Geographical Location Codes, (Office of Finance) October 1966, Washington, D.C.

94 250-252 County where lives now (See above) This i s usable only with V93, counties being numbered starting with 001 within each state.

95 253 Local place (size of largest city) 34.4 1 Largest c i t y i n primary sampling units i s

500,000 or more

Codes 4, 5, 6 are thus PSU's not encompassing a standard metropolitan s t a t i s t i c a l area,

19.9 2 100,000 - 499,999 11.3 3 50,000 - 99,999 7.1 4 25,000 - 49,999 10.5 5 10,000 - 24,999 16.9 100.0

6 Less than 10,000

96 254 Detailed SRC place code for SRC sample and i n Census sample * family i d e n t i f i c a t i o n number ( i n case there were two families i n a dwelling)

97 255-263 Interviewers social security number

98 264-265 Interviewers interview number (she numbers interviews she takes sequentially, starting with 01)

99 266 Date of interview 4. ,4 1 March 4-17

10. ,1 2 March 18-31 12. .4 3 Ap r i l 1-14 16. .9 4 Apr i l 15-28 18, .5 5 A p r i l 29-May 12 19, .9 6 May 13-May 26 11, .6 7 May 27-June 9 6, .1 8 June 10 or later 99, .9

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Variable Tape Nvmher Location Description and Details

100 267-269 5. Length of Interview Code actual number of MINUTES (e.g. 1 hour and 10 minutes = 70 minutes) 999 Not Ascertained

101 270 A2. When did you move into this (house/apartment)? 8.7 0 1943 or earlier 13.7 1 1944 - 1953 11.7 2 1954 - 1958 18.8 3 1959 - 1963 5.2 4 1964 8.3 5 1965 10.3 6 1966 15.9 7 1967 7.2 8 1968 0.1 9 NA, D.K. 99.9

102 271 A3. How many rooms do you have here for your family (not counting bathrooms)?

1.4 l One 21.5 6 Six 2.5 2 Two 10.0 7 Seven 9.8 3 Three 8.5 8 Eight or more

2 0 * 6 4 Four 1.3 9 N.A., D.K. 24.3 5 Five 0.0 0 None, shares room

99.9

103 272 A4. Do you (FU) own this home or pay rent or what? 61.5 1 Owns home (or t r a i l e r , f u l l y or j o i n t l y ) 34.7 5 Rents (or shares rent) 3.8 8 Neither (owns nor rents)

100.0

104 273 A7, A10. Do you have a mortgage on this property? Do you also have a second mortgage?

33.6 1 First mortgage only 1*3 2 Two mortgages 26.4 5 No mortgage 38.6 o Inap. 99.9

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105 274 A14. (IF NEITHER) How is that? 0.2 1 Servant; housekeeper 0.6 2 Farm laborer 1.2 3 Other person for whom housing is part of

compensation (j a n i t o r s , gardeners, nurses, etc.) 1.3 4 Persons for whom housing i s a g i f t , paid for

by someone outside of FU, owned by relative, pays no rent or only taxes

0.1 5 Sold own home, but s t i l l l i v i n g there 0.1 6 Living i n house which w i l l i n h e r i t ; estate in

process 0.0 7 Living i n temporary quarters (garage, shed,

etc.) while home is under construction 0.2 8 Other

96.3 0 Inap. 100.0

106 275 A15. Do you do some work i n return for housing? (What?) 97.5 0 No, do no work or Inap. 0.1 1 Do work worth about 20% of rental value

(1-2 hours a week) 0.0 2 40%, "some" general maintenance of DU (3-4 hours

a week) 0.1 3 60%, maintenance of 1-3 other DU's, as well,

or substantial maintenance and repairs on own DU (5-6 hours a week)

0.0 4 80%, substantial maintenance and repairs of other DU's as well or substantial renovation of own DU (7-8 hours a week)

0.5 5 Do work worth 100% of rental value (maintenance of apartment building)

1.8 6 Housing i s part of job - tenant farmer, domestic 100.0

107 276 A19. Did you have any work done on the (house/apartment) during the last year, or do any work on i t yourselves?

43.9 1 Yes 56.0 5 No 0.1 9 N.A.

100.0

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108 277 A20.What was done? 13.1 1 Simple repairs, painting ( l i t t l e s k i l l ) 5.6 2 Moderately complex things (carpeting, new

faucets, heater repair, i n s t a l l a t i o n of ready-made things) N.A. how complex

13.7 3 Fairly complex, one tr a d e - s k i l l (roofing, eaves trough, siding, carpentry)

5.3 4 Extensive repairs requiring several s k i l l s ( e l e c t r i c a l work, f i n i s h o f f the a t t i c , a l ter room-divisions, masonry work.

5.6 5 Very complex additions or alterations requiring several d i f f i c u l t s k i l l s , or rare s k i l l s such as plumbing, add a room.

0.5 9 N.A., D.K. 56.1 0 Inap. 99.9

109 278 A21-22.Did you or your family do any of i t ? ( I f yes) What did vou do?

12.6 1 Simple repairs, painting ( l i t t l e s k i l l ) 3.7 2 Moderately complex things (carpeting, new

faucets, heater repair, i n s t a l l a t i o n of ready-made things) N.A. how complex

8.4 3 Fairly complex, one tr a d e - s k i l l (roofing, eaves trough, siding, carpentry)

3.4 4 Extensive repairs requiring several s k i l l s ( e l e c t r i c a l work, f i n i s h off the a t t i c , alter room-divisions, masonry work

3.1 5 Very complex additions or alterations requiring several d i f f i c u l t s k i l l s , or rare s k i l l s such as plumbing, add a room

0.4 9 N.A., D.K. 68.5 0 Inap., did not do any of i t themselves, or did 100.1 not have anything done

110 279 A25-26. Do you s t i l l owe anything on i t ? ( I f yes) - I s i t included i n your mortgage?

0.8 1 Yes, owe, and yes included i n mortgage 2.1 3 Yes, owe, but no Included i n mortgage (or N.A;

whether included) 40.1 5 No, do not owe on additions and repairs 0.7 9 N.A., D.K. 56.4 0 Inap., did no additions or repairs 100.1

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111 280 A28. Do you think you might move in the next couple of years?

23.2 1 Yes, w i l l move 6.1 2 Probably w i l l ; "Yes, I might" 8-2 3 Pro-Con, Do not know, I t a l l depends,

maybe 2.4 4 Probably not, not l i k e l y

59.7 5 No, never 0.4 9 N.A.

100.0 112 281 A29. Why might you move?

5*5 i Purposive productive reasons, to take another job, to get nearer work

19.8 2 Purposive consumption reasons - more or less space, less rent, better neighborhood, want to own a home, better house

6.4 3 Ambiguous, cannot t e l l whether purposive or response to outside events; other

4.2 4 Response to outside events, involuntary reasons (DU coming down, being evicted), armed services, etc.

1.4 9 N.A. 62.7 0 Inap. 100.0

113 282-283 Bl. How many people l i v e here altogether?

CODE ACTUAL NUMBER 02 2 L0 10 99 N.A.

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114 284 jlousehold Composition (from Q's Bl and B2) 86.8 1 Head, wife and children 8.4 2 FU includes other related people - grandparents,

grandchildren and in-laws 0.6 3 FU includes unrelated people

I f an unrelated person is included In the extra earner's sequence, pp 22-23, then he has been Included i n the family.

2.7 4 PRIMARY IN A DU INCLUDING SECONDARIES The l i s t i n g box includes someone labeled as Roomer, Boarder, Friend, Roommate, etc. In such cases the number of people i n the FU is smaller than the number i n the DU

1.1 5 SECONDARIES The Roomer, Boarder, Friend, etc. from the household whose head i s coded 4 In the Census Sample, some secondaries w i l l be included i n the sample while the primaries are not. Also, there w i l l be some persons from the Census Sample who have moved i n with relatives who are not i n the sample. I f they are not pooling finances, they w i l l be coded 4_ as i f they were unrelated secondaries.

0.0 6 Sub families - f i n a l d i g i t of ID# i s 1, 2, 3, etc. These are related persons who are included i n the primary family FU but who had substantial (>$2000) income last year, didn't pool i t with the family, and are l i k e l y to move out. The sub-family interview applies to a sub-unit (a head's son and daughter-in-law, for instance) are included i n the sub-family FU.

0.4 7 Special case for Census movers This person or family was i n the Census Sample in spring 1967 but has since moved i n with another family which i s not in the sample. They pool income and expenses, so a l l are included i n this year's FU. Usually i n these cases the interview w i l l have been taken with the head of the sample family, and the non-sample member of the new enlarged FU w i l l be included on pages 22 and 23.

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115 285-286 Number of people (children plus adults) i n this FAMILY UNIT ( l i v i n g here) (from l i s t i n g box) CODE ACTUAL NUMBER

02 2 10 10 99 N.A.

116 287 Number of Adults in this Family Unit (from l i s t i n g box) (Adults are persons 18 years and older or who are married)

22.5 1 One 62.7 2 Two 10.9 3 Three 3.1 k Four 0.6 5 Five 0.1 6 Six 0.0 7 Seven 0.0 8 Eight 0.0 9 N.A. 99.9

117 288-289 B2. Age of head of Family Unit Up to 96 Actual age i n years

97 97 years or older

118 290-291 B2.Age of Wife of Head Up to 96 Actual age i n years

97 97 years or older 99 N.A. 00 Head of FU is not married

119 292 B2.Sex of Head of Family Unit 79.0 1 Male 21.0 2 Female Q.O 9 N.A.

100.0

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120 293 How old are they? Age of YOUNGEST CHILD UNDER 18 IN FU (children at home

only)

10.0 1 Less than two years 4.8 2 2 years up to 2.99 years 4.4 3 3 years up to 3.99 years 3.8 4 4 years up to 4.99 years 3.3 5 5 years up to 5.99 years 7.6 6 6 years up to 8.99 years 9.7 7 9 years up to 13.99 years 7.3 8 14 years up to 18 years 0.0 9 N.A. 49. 1 0 No children under 18 i n FU 100.0

121 294 B3. Is he/she in school? (Code number of children i n FU i n school and l i v i n g at home) (exclude in-laws)

59.0 0 None, no 2.0 5 Five 13.1 1 One 0.6 6 Six 12.3 2 Two 0.4 7 Seven 8.0 3 Three 0.3 8 Eight 4.0 4 Four 0.2

99.9 9 Nine

122 295 B6-7. Number of children of Head under 25 not l i v i n g with parents

81.3 0 None 12.1 1 One 4.8 2 Two 1.3 3 Three 0.3 4 Four 0.1 5 Five 0.0 6 Six 0.0 7 Seven 0.0 8 Eight or more 0.1 9 Not Ascertained

100.0

123 296 B9. Number of children of Head under 25 not l i v i n g at home, but i n in s t i t u t i o n s (army, j a i l , boarding school)

92.5 0 None 6.2 1 One 1.1 2 Two 0.1 3 Three 0.0 4 Four 0.0 5 Five 0.0 6 Six 0.0 7 Seven 0.0 8 Eight or more 0.1 9 Not Ascertained

100.0

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124 297 Required number of rooms for a family l i k e this

125 298 Education of children Number of children who completed less than 12 grades

126 299 Number of children who completed exactly twelve grades

127 300 Number of children who completed more than 12 grades

128 301 B l l , 12. Has anyone moved into your household in the last vear?

6.9 1 Yes, one person 0.8 2 Yes, two persons 0.2 3 Yes, three people 0.2 4 Yes, four or more people 91.4 5 No 0.4 9 N.A. 99.9

129 302 B12. I f Yes, who moved in?

130 303

0.6 1 Head of family 0.3 2 Wife 3.8 3 Son or daughter under 18 (include babies

born or adopted) 0.3 4 Brother or sister 0.1 5 Father or mother 0.9 6 Grandchild, any child relative 1.5 7 Other adult relatives, In-laws 0.9 8 Unrelated person (roomer, boarder, etc.) 0.2 9 N.A. 91.3 0 Inap., coded 5 or 9 i n Column 67 99-9

B13. Has anyone moved out i n the last year? 8.6 1 Yes, one person 1.2 2 Yes, two persons 0.3 3 Yes, three people 0.3 4 Yes, four or more people 88.9 5 No 0.1 7 Yes, N.A. how many 0.6

100.0 9 N.A.

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131 304 B14. ( I f yes) Who moved out?, (Relation to head and age) 1.8 1 Head (previous head) 0.3 2 Wife 1.9 3 Son or daughter (under 18) 0.1 4 Head's brother or sister 0.3 5 Head's father or mother 0.4 6 Grandchild, any child relative 4.5 7 Other adult relatives (including children 18

or older), in-laws 1.1 8 Unrelated person (roomer, boarder) 0.1 9 N.A. 89.5 0 Inap.

132 305-307 Census designation of primary sampling area (where originally sampled) , ,

(Zero for SRC sample)

133 308-311 Census se r i a l number (household number) (Zero for SRC sample)

1-34 31-2 Census segment number (designation of an area 135 313-314 within the primary sampling area)

(Zero for SRC sample)

136 315 B15-17.(If children i n school) Have you (or your wife) ever attended any meetings of a parent-teacher's organization? When was the last time?

12.5 1 Yes, less than three months ago 10.3 2 Yes, 3-12 months ago 5.5 3 Yes, but more than a year ago; several years ago 0.8 4 Yes, but cannot remember when 10.9 5 No (toB16): Cases where children l i v e outside

FU 1.1 9 N.A., no P.T.A.

58.9 0 Inap. (no children i n school) 100.0

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137 316 B18-19.How much education do you think, your children w i l l have when they stop going to school? What do you r e a l l y t h i n k w i l l happen?

12.4 1 A l l w i l l go to college ( d e f i n i t e ) , they w i l l get a college education

10.3 2 Some w i l l go to college, or w i l l get some college, hope w i l l complete college

12.2 3 A l l w i l l f i n i s h high school, high school at l e a s t , 12 grades, hope they w i l l go to college

2.5 4 Some high school, some w i l l f i n i s h high school, may f i n i s h high school

0.4 5 One or more w i l l not f i n i s h high school, or probably not, not much, even so they can read and w r i t e

1.3 6 "Hope they f i n i s h high school" 1.0 7 Don't know, gives only desires but not

codable i n 6 1.5 9 N.A.

58.4 0 Inap., no children i n school 100.0

138 317-318 B20.Have you (HEAD) ever had any children? B21.When was your (HEAD's) f i r s t c h i l d born?

12 F i r s t c h i l d born when head was 12

17 F i r s t c h i l d born when head was 17 18 etc. 99 Don't know, N.A. 00 Inap., Head never had any children

139 319 Cl. Altogether how many people are there i n your family here who can drive? (Include drivers i n

sub-family) 11.9 0 None 32.3 1 One 44.0 2 Two 8.5 3 Three 2.5 4 Four 0.5 5 Five 0.1 6 Six 0.0 7 Seven 0.0 8 Eight or more 0.1 9 Not Ascertained

100.0

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140 320 C2. Do you or anyone else i n the family here own a car? C3. ( I f no) Does not having a car cause you (Family)

any d i f f i c u l t i e s ?

80.4 1 Yes, own a car (Yes to C2)

8.4 2 No, and i t causes d i f f i c u l t i e s (Yes to Q. C3) 10.1 5 No, and I t causes no d i f f i c u l t i e s (No t o Q. C3) 0.9 7 No car, N.A. whether causes any d i f f i c u l t i e s 0.2 9 N.A.

100.0

141 321 C4.What are they? 3.8 1 Can't get around; have to depend on others;

no way to have fun, etc. 2.5 2 Makes expenses higher ( t a x i s , have to buy i n

more expensive s t o r e s ) , have to pay more r e n t , inconvience i n regards to necessities, i . e . , g e t t i n g groceries

0.9 3 Can't get to doctor 1-0 4 Can't get to jo b ; d i f f i c u l t to get to work;

cannot get to b e t t e r job 1-3 9 N.A.

90.4 o Inap., family owns a car (Coded 1 i n Column 16) 99.9

142 322 C5.Is there p u b l i c t r a n s p o r t a t i o n w i t h i n walking distance that i s adequate f o r you?

11.5 1 Yes 6.1 5 No 0.0 8 D.K. 1.7 9 N.A. 80.7 0 Inap., family owns a car

100.0

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143 323 C6. How many cars do you and your family l i v i n g here own? (Include trucks, leased cars, i n the count i f they are used as family t r a n s p o r t a t i o n , i . e , , l e f t i n by Editor.)

49.4 1 One 26.8 2 Two 3.6 3 Three 0.5 4 Four 0.1 5 Five 0.0 6 Six 0.0 7 Seven 0.0 8 Eight or more 0.0 9 Not Ascertained 19.6 0 Inap., family does 100.0

144 324-325 C7.Year model of newest car CODE LAST 2 DIGITS OF YEAR FOR NEWEST CAR

55 1955 68 1968 99 N.A. 00 Inap., family does not own a car

145 326-329 Value of a l l cars owned (Wholesale, Midwest, NADA, Middle Range V-8)

0837 $837 3500 $3500 9998 $9998 or more 9999 Not Ascertained 0000 Inap., family does not own a car; or car

leased or owned by business

146 330 C9. I s i t i n good, f a i r , or poor condition? (Code condition of car i n BEST condition)

65.0 1 Good, excell e n t , very good 12.2 3 Fair 2.7 5 Poor 0.5 9 Not Ascertained 19.6

100.0 0 Inap., family does not own

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147 331 C9. Is It i n good, f a i r or poor condition? CODE CONDITION OF CAR IN WORST CONDITION

53.3 1 Good 20.3 3 Fair 6.1 5 Poor 0.7 9 N.A. 19.6

100.0 0 Inap

I f only one, can code same as V146.

148 332 C10. Do you owe any money on i t ? (Code whether owes oh any car)

28.9 1 Yes (Owes on one or more cars) 51.0 5 No 0.4 9 N.A. 19.6 0 Inap., family does not own a car 99.9

149 333 C l l . I s that car insured? C15. Do they include insurance?

CHECK FOR ALL CARS 69.5 1 A l l cars insured 2.8 3 Some insured, but one or more uninsured;

some insured but N.A. whether a l l insured 0.1 4 N.A. whether f i r s t car Insured; second car

uninsured, but i f newer car i s uninsured, then assume that a l l cars are uninsured

5.9 5 No Insured car ( a l l cars uninsured) 2.0 9 Not Ascertained

19.6 0 Inap., family does not own a car 99.9

150 334 C14. How many payments do you have l e f t ? (LARGEST NUMBER OF PAYMENTS)

BRACKET CODE: 4.5 1 1-6 6.6 2 7-12 5.2 3 13-18 4.9 4 19-24 2.7 5 25-30 2.2 6 31-36 0.2 7 37 or more 0.5 8 Has debt, but no regular payments; lump sum deal 2.5 9 Not Ascertained 70.7 0 Inap., no car debt

100.0

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From C14. 151 335 How many payments do you have l e f t ?

25.1 1 One set of payments only (May be on 1 or more cars)

3.0 2 Is making more than one set of payments (May be on 2 or more cars)

1.2 9 N.A. 70.7 0 Inap., no car debt

100.0

152 336 C17.Does the car you (HEAD) drive most of the time have seat belts?

53.2 1 Yes 26.2 5 No 1.0 9 N.A.

19.6 0 Inap., no car 100.0

153 337 CI8.D0 you have them fastened a l l the time while you are driving? part of the time, or p r a c t i c a l l y none of the time?

10.9 1 Fastened a l l the time 20.7 3 Fastened part of the time 21.5 5 Fastened p r a c t i c a l l y none of the time 0.2 9 N.A. how often fastened 46.8

100.1 0 Inap., does not dr i v e , does not own car,

car has no seat b e l t s

154 338 C19.Do you (or your family) do any of your own re p a i r work on your car(s)?

32.2 1 Yes 48.1 5 No 0.2 9 N.A.

19.6 0 Inap 100.1

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155 339 C20. ( I f yes) What kinds of things have you done on your car(s-) i n the l a s t year? PRIORITY CODE - highest number

1.7 5 Yes, complex repairs that usually take a s k i l l e d mechanic ( r e b u i l t engine or trans­mission) , complete overhaul

5.9 4 Yes, extensive r e p a i r s , taking much s k i l l ( r i n g s , valves, bearings, i n s t a l l f a ctory r e b u i l t engine, king pins, b a l l j o i n t s , transmission work, motor work, or " I do anything that needs doing"

6.9 3 Yes, some s k i l l required, (brakes, wheel bear­ings, exhaust system, s t a r t e r )

11.3 2 Yes, some s k i l l (tune-up, p o i n t s , plugs, adjust carburetor, f u e l pump)

3.9 1 Yes, l i t t l e or no s k i l l , mostly maintenance ( o i l change, greasing, t i r e switching) (touch-up p a i n t i n g )

1.4 9 N.A. whether or kind of repairs 1.2 7 Yes, does work, but did none i n 1967

67.7 0 Inap., family does not have car, does no 100.0 r e p a i r work

156 340 C2l.In the l a s t year do you t h i n k you saved more than $50 that way?

C22.(If yes) About how much do you t h i n k you saved?

157 341

10.5 1 Saved, but d i d not save $50, "No" to Q. C21 14.4 2 Saved $50 - 199 4.0 3 Saved $200 - 499 0.6 4 Saved $500 or more 0.9 7 N.A. how much 0.9 9 N.A. 68.8 0 Inap., family does not have car; did not do

100.1 any of own repair work

C23. About how much time did that take you altogether? 14.6 1 Less than 50 hours ( 1 - 6 days 3.2 2 50 - 199 hours ( 1 - 4 weeks, 7 - 2 5 days) 0.2 3 200 - 499 hours (5 - 12 weeks, 26 - 62 days) 0.1 4 500 hours or more (13+ weeks, 63+ days) 3.3 9 N.A. 78.6 0 Inap., did not save $50; family has no car 100.0

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158 342 D3. Are you (HEAD) covered by some h o s p i t a l or medical insurance l i k e Blue Cross?

D4. Does t h i s insurance cover the e n t i r e family? D5. Can you get free medical care i n any way such as

from medicare, medicaid, or as a veteran?

PRIORITY CODE 71.2 1 Whole family i s covered by insurance (Yes to

A. D3 and D4) 6.4 2 Head is covered, but not e n t i r e family (Yes

to D3 and No or N.A. to Q. D4) 10.6 3 Head not insured, but can get free medical

care (No to Q. D3 and Yes t o Q. D5) 9.1 4 Neither; Head i s not insured, nor e l i g i b l e

f o r free medical care (No to Q. D3 and No to Q. D5)

1.2 5 Head not insured but family can get free medical care

1.1 7 Yes, N.A. what kind or who covered 0.4 9 Not Ascertained to Q. D3

100.0

159 343 D6. Do your FAMILY have any savings, such as checking or savings accounts, or government bonds?

160 344

161 345

75.6 1 Yes 24.0 5 No 0.3 99.9

9 N.A.

D7. Would they or more?

amount to as much as two months income

53.2 1 Yes 21.8 5 No 0.6 24.4

100.0

9 N.A. 0 Inap. , does not have any savings

D8. Was there a as much as

time i n the l a s t f i v e years when you had two months' income saved up?

18.5 1 Yes 25.9 5 No 2.4 9 N.A.

53.2 0 Inap. , has two months' income or more i n 100.0 savings now

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162 346 E l . Now I have a few questions about food and c l o t h i n g . About how many times a week do you (FAMILY) eat out at restaurants or drive-ins?

24.6 1 Less than once; sometimes 23.0 2 1 or 2 times 5.0 3 3 or 4 times 3.4 4 5 - 9 times 1.7 5 10 times or more 1.6 9 N.A.

40.7 0 P r a c t i c a l l y never eat out, 100.0

163 347 E2. About how much do (FAMILY) spend i n a week eating out, including lunches at work (or at school)?

27.9 0 Nothing, do not eat out 21.3 1 Less than $5 21.1 2 $ 5 - 9 19.0 3 $10 - 19 8.6 4 $20 or more 2.2 9 N.A.

100.1

164 348 E3.Do you have any of your milk delivered to the door? 21.3 1 Yes 78.6 5 No, or do not d r i n k milk 0-1 9 N.A.

100.0

165 349 E4.About how much do you (FAMILY) spend on that milk i n a week or month?

8.7 1 (Less than $3 a week) (Les s than $12 a month) 5.8 2 $3 - 4 a week $12 - 17 a month 2.6 3 $5 a week $18 - 24 a month 2.0 4 $6 - 7 a week $25 - 32 a month 0.8 5 $8 - 9 a week $33 - 41 a month 0.9 6 $10 - 13 a week $42 - 59 a month 0.2 7 $14 - 19 a week $60 - 85 a month 0.1 8 $20 a week or more $86 or more 0.4 9 N.A.

78.6 0 Inap., no milk delivered 100.1

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166 350 E5.About how much do you spend a week on a l l the (other) food you use at home?

0.9 0 Nothing 1.3 1 Less than $5 a week 5.6 2 $5 - 9 a week

23.0 3 $10 - 19 a week 28.9 4 $20 - 29 a week 20.1 5 $30 - 39 a week 10.0 6 $40 - 49 a week 8.1 7 $50 or more a week 2.2 9 N.A.

100.1

167 351 E6.How about al c o h o l i c beverages - how much do you (FAMILY) spend on that i n an average week?

59.1 0 Nothing 27.3 1 Less than $5 8.7 2 $ 5 - 9 3.4 3 $10 - 19 0.9 4 $20 or more 0.6 9 N.A.

99.9

E7.Is that included i n the food b i l l ? 4,8 1 Yes

35.3 5 No 0.7 9 N.A.

59.1 0 Inap., spends nothing on alcoholic beverages 99.9

nothing on alcoholic beverages

E9. 169 353 E8.D0 any of you smoke? ( I f yes) About how many

cigarettes do you (FAMILY) smoke i n a day or week?

(1 pack = 20 cigarettes) (1 carton = 10 packs)

Per Day Per Week 41.0 0 Do not smoke anything 1.1 1 Less than 3 a day Less than a pack a week

10.9 2 3 - 17 a day 1 - 6 packs a week 14.4 3 18 - 22 a day (a pack a day) 7 packs a week 11.9 4 23 - 35 a day ( 1 1/2 packs 8 - 1 4 packs a week (a carton a week)

a day) 13.4 5 2 - 3 packs a day 15 - 24 packs a week (two cartons a 2 - 3 packs a day

week.) 2.0 6 4 or more packs a day 25 or more packs a week (three or

more cartons a week) 4.8 8 Smokes cigars, pipe, etc. Ro l l own cigarettes 0.6 9 N.A. how many cigarettes

100.1

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170 354 E10. Is that Included i n the food b i l l ? 17.4 1 Yes 37.3 5 No 4.4 9 N.A.

41.0 0 Inap. , family does not smoke 100.1

E l l . Are there any special ways that you t r y to keep the food b i l l down? Code 2 mentions w i t h largest code

numbers. 171 355 E12. What special ways do you have f o r keeping the food

b i l l down? 172 356 E13. Anything else? 173 357 (The two mentions combined i n t o one variable)

1 Don't eat much; t r y t o eat less 2 Try to economize, buy i n large q u a n t i t i e s ,

buy bulk; watch f o r ads i n paper, watch f o r specials, bargains, sales, shop around the stores, buy from farmer

3 Have an " I n " - army PX, eat cheap at restaurant where work; get discount on groceries, buy co-op

4 Coupons cut from papers; use coupons; food stamps, welfare food

5 Eat cheaper foods; e.g., potatoes, hamburgers, chicken, buy no l u x u r i e s , eat l e f t - o v e r s , don't waste what we buy

6 Do own baking, canning, or freezing 7 Raise or grow food; garden, have own milk ,

raise a c a l f , pigs, or chickens, have f r u i t trees. Also do hunting and f i s h i n g i f i n d i c a t i o n of s u b s t a n t i a l saving

8 Yes, g i f t s of food, food from home, etc. PRIORITY BELOW 1

9 N.A. 0 No to E l l or no second mention to E12

174 359 E14. How much of the time does the family s i t down and eat the main meal of the day together?

17.4 0 Inap., one-person family 5.1 1 Once a week or less (Only on Sunday), never,

hardly ever 6.1 2 Part of the time, 2-3 days a week 5.0 3 Most of the time, 4-6 days a week

62.1 4 Every day, nearly every day, a l l the time; 100% of time; once a day

4.4 g N.A. 100.1

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175 176 177

360 361

362-363

E15.Do you have any special ways of saving on clo t h i n g costs? ( I f yes) What are they?

(Ei60 :

HIGHEST PRIORITY

PRIORITY BELOW 1

Just do not buy much, keep I t clean Yes, buy economically, shop i n larger c i t i e s , shop f o r sales or bargains, seasonal shopping at end of season

Yes, shop at discount stores, hand-me-downs; buy used c l o t h i n g Yes, discount on clo t h i n g because of employment Yes, mending Yes, sewing, a l t e r a t i o n s , makes some clothes Yes, make a l o t of own clothes, "Wife sews for a l l our daughters," etc.

Yes, g i f t s of c l o t h i n g , clothes sewn by someone else (outside FU) NOTE: This i s not the highest p r i o r i t y code. Place lower than 1. N.A. No, or no second mention

178 364 El7.Did you (FAMILY) save more than $50 on your clothing b i l l t h i s way l a s t year?

E18. ( I f yes) About how much d i d you save t h i s way i n the l a s t year?

15.1 1 Some ways, but did not save more than $50 21.7 2 Saved $51 - 199 5.2 3 saved $200 - 499 0.7 4 Saved $500 or more 4.8 7 N.A. how much 2.7 9 N.A. , D.K. whether

49.9 o Inap., no special ways of saving (E15 = 0) 100.1

SECTION N (By Observation)

179 365 Nl. Who was present during interview? 35.1 1 R only 29.8 2 R and spouse 16.9 3 R and someone else (not spouse) 18.2 4 R and spouse and someone else (include c h i l d r e n ,

count others even i f part-time)

0.1 100.1

9 N.A., D.E.

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180 366 N2. Who was respondent ( r e l a t i o n to Head)

181 367

182 368

183 369

184 370

93.2 1 Head 0.7 2 Wife, responding f o r s e l f 0.3 3 Other 5.4 8 Wife responding f o r husband 0.4 9 N.A.

100.0

N3. Race 86.6 1 White 10.6 2 Negro 1.8 3 Puerto Rican & Mexican 0.7 7 Other ( i n c l u d i n g O r i e n t a l , P h i l i p p i i 0.3 9 N.A.

100.0

N4. Number of Calls 29.9 1 One 28.5 2 Two 17.7 3 Three 10.3 4 Four 4.7 5 Five 3.1 6 Six 1.9 7 Seven 1.9 8 Eight or more 2.0 9 N.A.

100.0

N5. How clean was the i n t e r i o r of the DU? 40.7 1 Very clean 33.6 2 Clean 13.7 3 So-so 4.8 4 Not very clean 2.7 5 D i r t y 4.5 9 N.A.

100.0

N6. How much reading m a t e r i a l was v i s i b l e i n

12.7 1 A l o t 52.6 3 Some 28.0 5 None 6.7 9 N.A., D.K.

100.0

-246-

185 371 N7. About how many times d i d you have to repeat a question?

186 372

187 373

43.8 0 Never 26.3 1 Once or twice, hardly ever, seldom 17.8 2 3-5 times 6.3 3 6-9 times, several times, a f a i r amount 1.2 4 10-19 times 3.5 5 20 times or more, many times, a l o t 1.1 9 N.A.

100.0

N8. About how many times did you have to ask R to repeat a reply?

67.1 0 Never 18.5 1 Once or twice, hardly ever, seldom 8.5 2 3-5 times 2.8 3 6-8 times, frequently, several times 0.4 4 10-19 times 1.4 5 20 times or more, many times 1.2 9 N.A.

99.9

N9. Does R have any obvious disfigurements or habits that could make i t d i f f i c u l t f o r him to get a job?

6.2 1 Yes 3.7 3 Yes,, q u a l i f i e d ,

88.4 5 No, old age 1.8 9 N.A.

100.1

188 374-376 N10. What i s the name of the nearest c i t y of 50,000 population or more? (Not a v a i l a b l e , to insure c o n f i d e n t i a l i t y of records)

189 377 N i l . How f a r i s t h i s DU from the center of that c i t y ? 24.1 1 Less than 5 miles 25.3 2 5-14.9 miles 16.1 3 15 - 29.9 miles 9.0 4 30 - 49.9 miles 24.9 5 50 miles or more 0.6

100.0 9 N.A.

-247-

190 378 N12. Type of Structure l n which Family Lives

3.2 0 T r a i l e r 67.5 1 Detached single family house 3.5 2 2-family house, 2 u n i t s side by side 6.2 3 2-family house, 2 uni t s one above the other 3.3 4 Detached 3-4 family house 4.0 5 Row house (3 or more u n i t s i n an attached row) 6.0 6 Apartment house (5 or more u n i t s , 3 s t o r i e s

or less) 3.5 7 Apartment house (5 or more u n i t s , 4 s t o r i e s

or more) 1.0 8 Apartment i n a p a r t l y commercial st r u c t u r e 1.8 9 Other, or N.A.

100.0

191 379 N13. Neighborhood CODE THE LOWEST NUMBER OF ANY BOX CHECKED

192 380 N13. Neighborhood

CODE THE HIGHEST NUMBER OF ANY BOX CHECKED

8.1 0 Vacant land 2.2 1 T r a i l e r

56.8 2 Detached single-family house 10.3 3 (2-family house, 2 u n i t s side by side

7^2-family house, 2 uni t s one above the other 6.3 4 (Detached 3-4 family house

(Row house - 3 or more u n i t s i n an attached row 5.4 5 Apartment house (5 or more u n i t s , 3 s t o r i e s or less) 3.1 6 Apartment house (5 or more u n i t s , 4 s t o r i e s or more) 1.7 7 Apartment i n a p a r t l y commercial st r u c t u r e 3.0 8 Wholly commercial or i n d u s t r i a l s t r u c t u r e 3.1 9 Other, or N.A.

100.0

N14. I s t h i s DU located i n a public housing project?

2.1 1 Yes 93.5 5 No 4.4 9 N.A.

100.0

-248-

194 382 Thumbnail sketch evidence on housing PRIORITY CODE the lowest number applicable

1.0 1 No running water, or no water inside DU 1.0 2 Outside t o i l e t ( p r i v y ) 0.3 3 Other s t r u c t u r a l defects (no hot water,

no heat) 3.9 4 Poor maintenance (unpainted, broken windows, etc.)

88.6 5 No evidence of any of the above 5.1 9 Evidence, but N.A. what degree

195 383-384 Word-to-picture Score (Two D i g i t s )

00 Zero 01 One ... etc. 98 Test not given (no number at top of page) 99 (Test not taken), N.A.

For h a l f the Census sample, i n h a l f the PSU's, respondents were given a set of four pictures and fourteen words were read, asking the respondent to ind i c a t e which was the best p i c t u r e f o r that word. The words and pictures came from the Ammons Quick Test,* but the procedure was so altered that the r e s u l t should not be considered an a p p l i c a t i o n of that t e s t . A c t u a l l y , as graded i n tests on school c h i l d r e n , we took every t h i r d word up through age 12, so that many people would be expected to get them a l l r i g h t , and only the bottom f r i n g e would be distinguished, (This reduces the amount of f a i l u r e experience and f i e l d d i f f i c u l t i e s , we f e e l . ) The simplest words were names of objects a c t u a l l y i n one p i c t u r e , and as the words get more d i f f i c u l t , t h e i r connection to a pic t u r e also becomes more i n d i r e c t .

*Martha J. Mednick, "The Relationship of the Ammons Quick Test of I n t e l l i g e n c e t o Other A b i l i t y Measures," Psychological Reports, 72, 1965, 48-59.

-249-

196 385 or what?

74.2 1 Working now, or l a i d o f f only 2.2 2 Unemployed

14.1 3 Retired, permanently disabled 7.1 4 Housewife 2.3 5 Student 0.1 6 Other

100.0 197 386 F2 What i s your main occupation?

Gl What do you do when you work? (What i s your occupation?)

H2 What kind of work did you do when you worked? (What was your occupation?) ,

12.7 1 Professional, technical and kindred workers 7.4 2 Managers, o f f i c i a l s and pr o p r i e t o r s 4.5 3 Self-employed businessmen

11.6 4 C l e r i c a l and sales workers 16.0 5 Craftsmen, foremen, and kindred workers 13.9 6 Operatives and kindred workers 12.0 7 Laborers and service workers, farm laborers 3.0 8 Farmers and farm managers 2.5 9 Miscellaneous (armed services, p r o t e c t i v e

workers, unemployed l a s t year but looking f o r work, N.A.)

16.4 0 Not i n labor force at a l l i n 1967, r e t i r e d 100.0 (includes students and housewives who did no

work l a s t year and are not working). Per­manently disabled or not i n labor force and di d no work l a s t year.

F questions were asked only of the Employed, G questions only of the unemployed, and H questions only of the Retired. I f no question i s l i s t e d f o r that group, i t s members w i l l be coded "0" f o r that code. Thus, i f no F question i s given, a l l employed w i l l be coded "0" (Inap.)

-250-Var i a b l e Tape Number Location Content

198 387

199 388

200 389

F4. Do you work f o r someone else, yourself or what?

61.7 1. Someone else 2.3 2. Both someone else and s e l f

10.1 3. Self only 0.2 9, N.A.

25.8 100.1

0. Inap.

F5. How important i s i t f o r you t o make your own decisions on a job?

G29. How important i s i t f o r you to make your own decisions on a job?

26.6 1. Very important; of great importance; I don't want anyone to t e l l me what to do; I make a l l the decisions I can

18.3 2. Important; q u i t e important; p r e t t y important; I'm on my own

3.7 3. Somewhat important; 50% important; f a i r l y important 9.6 4. Not very important; not too important; not t h a t

important; don't mind working under someone else 4.6 5. Not Important at a l l ; j u s t do what I'm t o l d ; I

don't l i k e to make decisions 3.3 9. N.A., D.K. 33.8 99.9

0. Inap.

F6. How long have you been working f o r your present employer?

6.4 1. Less than h a l f a year; 0-6 months 8.0 2. 1 year; 7-18 months

11.1 3. 2-3 years; 19 months-42 months 14.2 4. 4 through 9 years 14.6 5. 10 through 19 years 8.6 6. 20 years or more 0.8 9. N.A.

36.2 99.9

0. Inap., ( r e t i r e d , housewife, student, self-employed)

-251-

Variable Tape Number Location Content

201 390 F7. What happened to the job you had before - d i d the company f o l d , were you l a i d o f f , or what?

G5. ' Did the company you worked f o r f o l d , were you l a i d o f f , or what?

4.1 1. Company folded, changed hands, moved out of town; employer died, went out of business

0.6 2. S t r i k e or lockout

4.8 3. Laid o f f ; f i r e d

20.4 4. Quit or resigned, r e t i r e d , pregnant

4.1 5. F i r s t f u l l time or permanent job I ever had; wasn't

working before t h i s

1.5 6. Was self-employed before

4.2 7, Other; d r a f t e d ( i n service) and d i d not come back to same job a f t e r service; j u s t wanted a change I n jo b ; needed more money; was I n service, any mention of service, seasonal work, job ended

1.3 8. Job stopped; work was seasonal 1.8 9. N.A.

57.1 0. Inap. 99.9

202 391 F8. Would you say your present job i s a b e t t e r job than the one you had before?

F9. ( I f not cle a r ) Does i t pay more than the previous job?

27.7 1. "Yes" to F8, or r e p l y to F8 unclear, but says yes ("pays more") to F9

2.6 3. "Pro-con," b e t t e r i n some ways, worse i n others

5.5 5. "No, same," or "No, worse"

1.6 9. N.A.

62.7 100.1

0. Inap., f i r s t job

-252-

Variable Tape Number Location Content

203 392 F10. How many d i f f e r e n t employers have you had i n the m l a s t ten years? G6. How many d i f f e r e n t employers have you had i n the

204 393

4.1 1, 1 12.8 2. 2 8.6 3. 3 5.3 4. 4 3.4 5. 5 2.9 6. 6-9 1.6 7. 10-19 0.8 8. 20 or more 2.1 9. N.A.

58.5 100.1

0. Inap.

F l l . Have you ever moved out were l i v i n g i n order to

of a take

community where you a job somewhere else

G7. Have you ever moved out were l i v i n g i n order to

of a take

community where you a -job somewhere else

21.9 1. Yes

53.5 5. No

0.9 9. N.A.

23.6 99.9

0. Inap.

205 384 F12. Have you ever turned down a job because you d i d not want to move?

G8. Have you ever turned down a job because you d i d not want t o move?

6.9 1. Yes

42.7 5. No

4.8 9. N.A.

45.6 0. Inap 100.0 from community)

-253-

Va r i a b l e Tape Number Location Content

206 395 G9. Do you t h i n k you w i l l be able to f i n d steady work around here, or w i l l you have to move?

1.1 1. W i l l f i n d steady work

0.5 3. Depends, might or might not

0.5 5. W i l l n o t, w i l l have to move

0.3 9. N.A.

97.7 100.1

0. Inap. (employed)

207 396 F13. How good would a job have to be before you would be w i l l i n g t o move somewhere else i n order to get i t ?

G10. How good would a job have to be before you would be w i l l i n g t o move somewhere else i n order to get i t ? I F R REPLIES IN TERMS OF SPECIFIC DOLLAR AMOUNT DIFFERENCES, TRANSLATE INTO PERCENTAGE DIFFERENCE OF CURRENT WAGE RATE.

2.7 1. Would move to get a job ; i f same or b e t t e r s a l a r y , would move; would l i k e to move to take another j o b ; wouldn't mind moving

8.4 2. F a i r l y good; would have to have good pay; would have to be somewhat b e t t e r paying; would have to have moderate pay Increase; pay increase of 1-10% of what now g e t t i n g

4.4 3. Like the s i t u a t i o n I have; pro-con responses; pay increase of 11-24% of current salary

35.3 4. Very good; whole l o t b e t t e r ; much b e t t e r paying; don't want to move; considerably b e t t e r f i n a n c i a l l y ; pay increase of 25% or more; I plan to stay here

15.3 5. Would never consider moving; too ol d to consider moving; could never f i n d a b e t t e r s i t u a t i o n anywhere else; couldn't move-my business I s here; couldn't be good enough to make me move

5.8 6. R answers only i n terms of q u a l i t i e s of j o b , i . e . , warm climate, depends on union considerations, and cannot be coded i n 1-5 above

0.9 7. Other

3.5 9. N.A. 23.7

100.0 0. Inap.

-254-

V a r i a b l e Tape Number Location

208 397

11.6

61.6

0.9

26.0 100.1

209 398

7.6

0.6.

1.7

0.1

0.7

0.7

88.4 99.8

210 399-401

Content

F14. Do you plan to t r y f o r a new job or l i n e of work. or w i l l you keep the job you have now?

1. Try f o r a new j o b , or l i n e of work

5. Keep job have now

9. N.A.

0. Inap.

F15* What kin d of job do you have i n mind?

1. Mentions some e x p l i c i t j a b , e.g., machinist, computer programmer, s e c r e t a r i a l work

2. Self-employment w i t h mention of e x p l i c i t type of work or broad type of work mentioned

3. Mentions broad type of work; "factory work"

4. Self-employment w i t h no mention of any e x p l i c i t type of work

5. Does not mention any p a r t i c u l a r kind of work; mentions only company

9. N.A.

0. Inap.

F16. How much might you earn?

CODE DOLLARS AND CENTS PER HOUR CODE MIDPOINT IF GIVES RANGE

300. $3.00 per hour

998. $9.98 or more per hour

999. N.A.

000. Inap., coded 5 i n Col. 23 (keep job now have)

-255-Variable Tape Number Location Content

211 402 F17. Would you have to get a d d i t i o n a l t r a i n i n g to qua l i f y ?

2.2 1. Yes, but does not mention what

2.1 2. Yes, and mentions the e x p l i c i t or that he i s g e t t i n g t r a i n i n g

0.9 3. Maybe, might help 5.7 5. No

0.7 9. N.A.

88.4 0. Inap., (keep j ob now have) 100.0

212 403 F18, F19. Have you been doing anything i n p a r t i c u l a r about i t ? What have you done?

1.4 1. Yes, to F18, but no response or only vague response; have a few f e e l e r s out; been looking i n t o i t

2.5 2. Yes to F18; mentions looking f o r a j o b ; going to employment o f f i c e t going to union o f f i c e

3.0 3. Yes to F18; mentions going to school, special

t r a i n i n g program; members studying f o r exam

4.1 5. No to F18

0.5 7. Yes, other 0.2 9. N.A.

88.4 0. Inap., (keep job now have) 100.1

-256-

Variable Tape Number Location Content

213 404 F20. How much do you l i k e a job where you are t o l d exactly what to do?

G16. How much do you l i k e a job where you are t o l d exactly what to do?

7.1 1. I l i k e I t

11.5 2. I don't mind I t too much; don't mind f o l l o w i n g i n s t r u c t i o n s ; l i k e i t i f done the r i g h t way; O.K.

7-6 3. I don't mind i t sometimes; not too fond of i t ; l i k e i t sometimes; f a i r ; depends on the job ( s i t u a t i o n ) ; not too fond of i t ; I can take i t ; " T e l l me what to do and then leave me alone."

29.7 4. Don't l i k e i t ; don't think I'd l i k e i t ; not (very) much; prefer a job where I'm on my own; wouldn't l i k e i t ; l i k e t o be on my own r e a l l y .

16.1 5. I don't l i k e i t at a l l ; hate i t ; don't l i k e i t a b i t ; that's why I'm I n t h i s kind of business; or that's why 1 own a business

4.4 9. N.A.

23.7 0. Inap. 100.1

214 405 F21, F22. Would you have any trouble g e t t i n g another job i f you wanted one? m Why i s that?

G i l , G12. I s there anything i n p a r t i c u l a r that might make I t d i f f i c u l t f o r you to get another job?

0.1 1. Yes, mentions a r r e s t or prison record; wages garnished too fr e q u e n t l y

2.2 2. Yes, lack t r a i n i n g i n something else; only l i m i t e d education

9.0 3. Yes, mentions age; physical or mental d i s a b i l i t y

1*2 4. Yes, gives only vague reasons, other reasons

61.8 5. No

0.2 6, Foreign-language d i f f i c u l t y 0.0 7. Yes, but N.A. what 1.7 9. N.A.

23.9 0. Inap. 100.1

-257-

Varlable Tape Number Location Content

215 406 F23, F24. Have you ever had an i l l n e s s or accident that l a i d you up f o r a month or more? When was that?

G17, G18. Have you ever had an i l l n e s s or accident t h a t l a i d you up f o r a month or more?

__ ( I f yes) When was that?

5.1 1. Yes, a year ago; w i t h i n the l a s t year or more

r e c e n t l y ; 1967 or 1968

4.6 2. Yes, 2-3 years ago; 1965 or 1966

6.2 3. Yes, 4-9 years ago; 1959-1964 7*6 4, Yes, 10 or more years ago; before 1959; 1958 or

e a r l i e r

51.7 5. No 0.1 7. Yes, N.A. when 0.8 9. N.A., D.K.

23.7 0. Inap. ??.8

216 407 F25. Do you have a physical or nervous condition that l i m i t s the type of work or the amount of work you can do? ( I f Yes - F26. How much does i t l i m i t your work?)

G19, G20. Do you have a physical or nervous co n d i t i o n t h a t l i m i t s the type of work or the amount of work you can do? ( I f Yes - How much does i t

4.9 1. Yes, complete l i m i t a t i o n ; can't work at a l l

4.7 2. Yes, severe l i m i t a t i o n on work

8.1 3. Yes, some l i m i t a t i o n on work (must r e s t , mentions part-time work, occasional l i m i t on work, can't l i f t heavy objects, reports periods of pain, sickness, etc.)

1.4 4. Yes, but no l i m i t a t i o n on work

77.7 5. No. 2.4 7. Yes, N.A. l i m i t a t i o n on work

0.9 100.1

9. N.A.

-258-

Va r i a b l e Tape Number Location Content

217 408 F27. Are there times when you are l a t e g e t t i n g to work? ( I f yes, F28) About how o f t e n does that happen?

G21, G22. When you were working, were there times when you were l a t e g e t t i n g to work? ( I f yes) About how o f t e n did that happen?

218 409

3.4 1. Yes, f r e q u e n t l y ; once a week or more often

3.6 2. Yes, f a i r l y o f t e n ; 1-3 times c. month

5.0

1.8

3.

4.

Yes, once i n a while; a few times a year, not often

Yes, r a r e l y ; once a year or less

. very

60.2 5. No; never

0.8 8. Yes, N.A. how often

1.2 9. N.A.

24.0 100.0

0. Inap.

F29; Are there times when you don't go to work at even though you are not sick? ( I f yes - F30) How o f t e n does that happen?

a l l ,

G23, G24. Were there times when you didn't get to at a l l , even though you were not sick? yes) How often did that happen?

work ( i f

0.5 1. Yes, f r e q u e n t l y ; once a week or more often

1.6 2. Yes, f a i r l y o f t e n ; 1-3 times a month

4.2 3. Yes, once i n a while; a few times a year, not often

1.4 4. Yes, r a r e l y ; once a year or less

66.4 5. No

1.0 8. Yes, but N.A. how often

1.0 9. N.A.

23.9 100.0

0. Inap.

-259-

Varlable Tape Number Location

219 410

3.6 1.7 1.9 3.1 62.4 1.6 0.7

0.2 0.8 24.0

100.0

220 411

87.2 2.3 1.7 2.6 4.7 1.5

Content

F31. Have you ever been out of a job or on s t r i k e f o r two months or more at a time? ( I f yes - F32) When was the l a s t time that happened?

G25, G26. Have you ever been out of a job or on s t r i k e f o r two months or more at a time? ( I f yes) When was the l a s t time t h a t happened?

IF GIVES 2 DATES, CODE MOST RECENT

1. 1967 or 1968 2. 1965-1966 3. 1962-1964 4. 1955-1961 5. No 6. 1945-1954 7. Before 1945 8. Yes, N.A. when 9. N.A., D.K. 0. Inap.

F33. I n the l a s t year, how many days were you unemployed, l a i d o f f , or without work?

0. None , or Inap. 1. 1-5 days; 1 week 2. 6-10 days; 2 weeks 3. 11-25 days; 3-5 weeks 4. 26 or more days (or unemployed now), 6 or more weeks 9. N.A.

100.0

-260-

Variable Tape Number Location Content

221 412 F34. How many days of work d i d you miss on your main job i n the l a s t year because you were s i c k or otherwise unable to work?

23.2 1. 1-5 days 1 week 5.7 2. 6-10 days 2 weeks 3.4 3. 11-25 days 3-5 weeks 3.7 4. 26 or more days (or unemployed now), 6 or more weeks 1.0 9. N.A. (Includes r e t i r e d , unemployed)

62.9 99.9

0. Inap.

222 413 F35. And how many weeks of vacation did you take l a s t year?

45.9 0. None 12.4 1. One; 1-5 days 19.8 2. Two; 6-10 days 10.1 3. Three; 11-15 days 11.1 4. Four or more; 16 or more days 0.7 9. N.A.

223 414 100.0 F36. Then how many weeks d i d you a c t u a l l y work on your main job i n 1967?

G3. How many weeks d i d you work l a s t year? H3. How many weeks d i d you work l a s t year?

17.4 0. None 3.4 1. 1-13 3.4 2. 14-26 5.6 3. 27-39 13.3 4. 40-47 19.3 5. 48-49 25.6 6. 50-51 10.1 7. 52 1.9

100.0 9. N.A.

Or Inap.

-261-

Varlable Tape Number Location Content

224 415 F37. Did you have a standard work week on your main job?

51.7 1. Yes

21.8 5. No

0.4 9. N.A.

26.0 0. Inap. 99.9

225 416 F38, F41. How many hours a week i s that? On the average, how many hours a week did you work on your main job l a s t year?

G4. About how many hours a week d i d you work (when you worked) ?

H4. About how many hours a week d i d you work (when you worked) ?

2.7 1. 1-19 hours 4.5 2. 20-34 5.1 3. 35-39

40.1 4. 40 6.4 5. 41-47 3.5 6. 48 9.1 7. 49-59 8.1 8. 60 or more 2.9 9, N.A.

17.5 99.9

0. Inap., d i d

226 417 F39, F40. Did you have any overtime or extra work on your main job? How many hours did that amount to l a s t year?

Yes, 1-49 hours Yes, 50-199 hours Yes, 200-399 hours Yes, 400 or more hours No Yes, N.A. how much N.A. Inap., no standard work week

7.5 1. 8.8 2. 4.9 3. 5.4 4.

22.1 5. 2.3 7. 1.1 9.

47.8 0. 99.9

-262-V a r i a b l e Tape -Number Location Content

227 418 F42. F44. Did you have any other jobs or any other ways of making money i n a d d i t i o n to your main job? Anything else?

13.3 1. Yes, One other job or way of making money. "No" or "N.A." to F44

2.2 3. Yes, two or more other jobs, or ways of making money 0.3 4. Not as a j o b , coded '0' by F45 57.7 5. No 0.6 9. N.A.

26.0 100.1

0. Inap.

228 419 F43. What d i d you do? (Code same as other occupation code (Col. 12). I f two or more job s , code the one w i t h the lowest code number (highest status)

2.4 1. Professional and technical workers 0.7 2. Managers and o f f i c i a l s 0.9 3. Self-employed businessmen 1.7 4. C l e r i c a l and sales workers 2.6 5. Craftsmen and foremen 1.4 6. Operatives 2.4 7. Unskilled laborers and service workers 1.4 8. Farmers and farm managers 1.9 9. Miscellaneous

84.5 99.9

0. Inap., (not i n or does not have second job)

229 420-422 F45. About how much d i d you make per hour f o r t h i s ?

(CODE DOLLARS AND CENTS PER HOUR)

300. $3.00 per hour 998. $9.98 or more per hour 999. N.A. 000. Inap. (No second job)

-263-Variable Tape Number Location Content

230 423 F47. Could you have worked more i f you had wanted to i n 1967?

34.2 1. Yes 38.6 5. No 1.1 9. N.A., D.K.

26.1 0. Inap. 100.0

231 424 F48. Would you have l i k e d t o work more?

10.5 1. Yes 25.5 5. No 3.7 9. N.A., D.K.

60.3 0. Inap. CCould have worked more) 100.0

Inap.

232 425 F49. Could you have worked less i f you had wanted

33.0 1. Yes 27.9 5. No 2.6 9. N.A., D.K. 36-5 0. Inap. (Could not have worked more, and would 100.0 l i k e t o have worked more)

233 426

234 427

F50. Would you have preferred less work even i f you had earned less money?

2.3 1. Yes 23.7 5. No 4.3 9. K.A., D.K. 69.7 0. Inap. (Could have worked less) 100.0

Bracket on Taxable Income of head and w i f e

13.9 0. Less than $500 3.4 1. $500-999 6.0 2. $1000-1999 4.7 3. $2000-2999 5.0 4. $3000-3999 6.2 5. $4000-4999 18.0 6. $5000-7499 15.5 7. $7500-9999 18.5 8. $10,000-14,999 8.7 9. $15,000 or more

99.9 $15,000 or more

(Replaces an empty code, since Question G9 was a c t u a l l y coded i n Variable 206 [TL 395])

-264-Variable Tape Number Location Content

235 428 G13. How many places do you have your name in for a job H5, H6. Are you thinking about going to work? ( I f

yes) How many places do you have your name In for a job?

1.0 1. Tes, 1 place 0.4 2. Yes, 2 places 0.3 3. Yes, 3 places 0.8 4. Yes, 4 or more places 3.6 5. No (Yes to H5, No to H6) 0.6 9. N.A., D.K.

93.4 0. Inap., not thinking about going to work (No to H5) 100.1

Inap., not thinking about going to work (No to H5)

236 429 G14, G15. Have you applied for a Job anywhere in the l a s t 2 weeks? ( I f yes) How many places did you apply?

H7, H8. Have you applied for a job anywhere in the last two weeks? ( I f yes) How many places did you apply?.

0.7 1. Yes, 1 place COUNT AN AGENCY AS 1 PLACE 0.2 2. Yes, 2 places 0.1 3. Yes, 3 places 0.4 4. Yes, 4 or more places 2.7 5. No 0.6 9. N.A., D.K.

95.2 0. Inap., (employed, or retired and not thinking of 99-. 9 going to work)

237 430 G27. , Are there jobs available around here that j u s t aren't worth taking?

H9. Are there jobs around here that just aren't worth taking?

2.1 1. Yes 1.0 5. No 1.7 9. N.A., D.K.

95.2 0. Inap., not thinking of going to work 100.0

Variable Tape Number Locatioa

238 431-433

239 434

71.5 7.6

12.0 4.7 3.2 0.7 0.2

99.9

240 435-436

-265-Content

G28. ( I f yes) How much do they pay? H10. ( I f yes) How much do they pay?

CODE 3 DIGITS - DOLLARS AND CENTS PER HOUR

050. 50C per hour

300. $3.00 per hour .... etc.

998. $9.98 or more per hour 999. N.A., D.K. how much 000. Inap., no jobs that are worth taking or not

thinking of going to work

I I . Are you married, single, widowed, divorced, or separated?

1. Married 2. Single 3. Widowed 4. Divorced 5. Separated 8. Married, spouse absent 9. N.A.

13, 15, 122, or 123. When were you f i r s t married?

(CODE AGE OP HEAD WHEN PIRST MARRIED)

23. 23 years old etc.

99. N.A. 00. Inap., never married

Variable Tape Column Number Location Number Content

241 437 14. ( I f widowed, divorced, or separated) "For bow long?"

242 438

243 439

3.3 1. About 1 year or le s s , 1967-1968 4.9 2. 2-4 years; 1964-1966 4.2 3. 5-9 years; 1959-1963 4.2 4. 10-19 years; 1949-1958 2.4 5. 20 years or more; 1948 or ea r l i e r 2.0 9. N.A.

79.0 100.0

0. Inap., not widowed, divorced, or separated

17, 114. How were the children taken care of while you were working? How were the children taken care of while your wife was working?

0.6 1. They take care of themselves 3.2 2. Children i n school, wife home when they are not 5.7 3. Relatives (inside or outside household), spouse 0.6 4. Friend or neighbor 0.5 5. Nursery school, day care center 4.2 6. Unrelated baby s i t t e r or housekeeper 0.8 7. Other 0.8 9. N.A.

83.6 100.0

0. Inap., no children under 12 or head not working or a wife not working

19, 110. Did your wife do any work for money l a s t year? ( I f yes) What kind of work did she do?

4.4 1. Professional or technical 0.6 2. Manager, o f f i c i a l 0.7 3. Self-employed businesswoman 11.9 4. C l e r i c a l or sales 0.5 5. Craftswoman or foreman 5.1 6. Operative 6.9 7. Unskilled laborer or service 0.0 8. Farming 1.7 9. Miscellaneous

68.1 99.9

0. Wife did not do any work for money l a s t year. ("No1

to 19 or No Wife)

-267-

Variable Tape _Number Location Content

244 440 111. About how many weeks did she work, l a s t year?

4.9 1. 1-13 weeks 4.1 2. 14-26 weeks 3.9 3. 27-39 2.9 4. 40-47 3.2 5. 48-49 8.0 6. 50-51 3.1 7. 52 1.8 9. N.A.

68.1 100.0

0. Inap., no working wife

245 441 112. And about how many hours a week did she work?

3.5 1. 1-19 hours a week 5.0 2. 20-34 hours a week 3.4 3. 35-39

14, 0. 4. 40 1.6 5. 41-47 0.7 6. 48 1.2 7. 49-59 0.5 8. 60 or more 1.8 9. N.A.

68.2 0. Inap., no working wife 99.9

Inap., no working wife

246 442 116, 117, 118. How many grades of school did your wife fi n i s h ? Did she have any other schooling? ( I f yes) What other schooling did she have? ( I f college) Does she have a college degree?

2.9 1. 0-5 grades 10.2 2. 6-8 grades, grade school 13.3 3. 9-11 grades (some high school) 21.5 4. 12 grades (completed high school) 8:5 5. 12 grades plus non-academic training 111 6. College, no degree 4.0 7. College, bachelors degree 1.2 8. College, advanced or professional degree, some

graduate work, close to receiving degree 1.0 9. N.A., D.K.

29.6 0. Inap., no wife 99.9

-268-Variable Tape Number Location Content

247 443 121. I s this your (Head's) f i r s t marriage?

59.7 1. Tea 10.6 5- No 0.6 9. N.A..

29.1 0. Inap 100.0

248 444 125, 126, 127. Do you expect to have any more children? I f yes, when do you think you might have another child? ( I f no) How sure are you that you won't have any (more) children?

6.1 1. Yes, and expects to have another 9 months or more from now (includes adopted children)

3.1 2. Yea, and expects to have another less than 9 months from now

4.1 3- Yes, but does not know when 0.5 4. Yes, N.A. when 12.2 5. No and are sure 5.8 6. No, and f a i r l y sure 7>5 7. No, and not sure 1.8 8. No, N.A. whether sure 1«9 9. N.A., yes or no

57.2 0. Inap., widowed, divorced, separated, wife 100.2 over 45, no wife

-269-

J2, What were your t o t a l receipts from farming?

0.2 1. Less than $500 ( i n c l u d i n g negatives and zero, i f a farmer)

0.0 2. $500-999 0.3 3. $1000-1999 0.2 4. $2000-2999 0.4 5. $3000-4999 0.4 6. $5000-7499 0.3 7. $7500-9999 1.4 8. $10,000 or more 0.4 9. N.A. 96.5 0. Inap., not a farmer

100.1

250 446 J5. Did you (R and Family) own a business at any time i n 1967 or have a f i n a n c i a l i n t e r e s t i n any business enterprise?

I s i t a corporation or an unincorporated business, or both?

2.0 1. Yes, incorporated 5.8 2. Yes, unincorporated 0.1 3. Yes, both kinds 0.5 4. Yes, N.A. whether incorporated 91.4 5. No 0•1 9. NA whether owns business

99.9 251 447 J8. How much did you (HEAD) receive from wages and

sala r i e s i n 1967?

25.2 P. None, Inap. 2.9 1. $1-499 2.3 2. $500-999 4.1 3. $1000-1999 3.8 4. $2000-2999 11.9 5. $3000-4999 19.5 6. $5000-7499 13.7 7. $7500-9999 13.6 8. $10,000 or more 3.0 9. N.A., D.K.

100.0

252 448 J9. I n ad d i t i o n to t h i s d i d you receive any income from bonuses, overtime, or commissions? How much was i t ?

12.5 1. Yes 85.1 5. No 2.5 9. N.A.

100.1

-270-

253 449 J l l .

253 449 J l l a ,

94.1 1.5 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.7 0.7

100.1

254 450 J l l b .

255 451 J l l c .

256 452 J l l d .

257 453 J l l e .

258 454 J l l f .

259 455 J l l g .

260 456 J l l h .

261 457 J i l l .

262 458 J l l j .

263 459 J12.

30.7

3.9 0.8 33.0 0.1 31.5

100.0

Did you (HEAD) receive any other income i n 1967 from:

Professional practice or trade (BRACKET CODES)

0. None 1. $1-499 2. $500-999 3. $1000-1999 4. $2000-2999 5; $3000-4999 6. $5000-7499 7. $7500-10,000 8. $10,000 or more 9. N.A.

NOTE: For V254 - V262 use Bracket Code as i n J l l a (above)

Farming or market gardening, roomers or boarders

Dividends, i n t e r e s t , r e n t , t r u s t funds, or r o y a l t i e s

ADC, ADCU

Other welfare

Social Security

Other retirement pay, pensions, or annuities

Unemployment or workmen's compensation

Alimony, c h i l d support

Help from Relatives

Did your wife have any income during 1967? ( I f yes) Was i t income from wages, salary, a business or what?

Any other income?

1. Yes, solely from work (wages, business, farming, t r a n s f e r s , assets)

2. Yes, from non-labor sources 3. Yes, from both work and non-work 5. No 9. N.A. 0. Inap., no wife

-271-

264 460 JL5. How much was i t , before deductions?

265 461

266 462

267 463

Wife 's TOTAL income

64.3 0. None 6.0 1. $1-499 4.2 2. $500-999 5.7 3. $1000-1999 4.4 4. $2,000-2,999 7.6 5. $3,000-4,999 4.6 6. $5,000-7,499 0.9 7. $7,500-9,999 0.2 8. $10,000 or more 2.1 9. N.A.

100.0

J17. Did (MENTION MEMBER) have any income during 1967' (Number of others w i t h income)

78.1 0. No other income receivers 15.6 1. One other income receiver 4.9 2. Two 1.1 3. Three 0.3 4. Four 0.0 5. Five or more 0.1 9. N.A.

100.1

J28. Did you get any other money i n the l a s t y e a r — l i k e a b i g settlement from an insurance company an inheritance, or anything?

J29. ( I f yes) How much did that amount to?

93.1 0. No, nothing 1.8 1. Yes, less than $500 1.1 2. $500-999 1.1 3. $1,000-1,999 0.5 4. $2,000-2,999 0.5 5. $3,000-4,999 0.3 6. $5,000-7,499 0.3 7. $7,500-9,999 0.7 8. $10,000 or more 0.6 9. N.A. (whether, or amount)

100.0

Source Code - J28 1.9 1. Insurance settlement 1.1 2. Inheritance - g i f t s 1.2 3. Sale of property - stocks - bonds 0.2 4. Loan taken out 0.1 5. Loan repayment received 0.4 7. Other 2.0 9. N.A.

93.1 0. Inap., no such income 100.0

-272-

268 464 J30-31. Did anyone here get more than $50 worth o f food or cl o t h i n g as part of t h e i r pay?

2.0 1. Yes, food 0.5 2. Yes, clothes 1.3 3. Yes, mixed or N.A which

95.9 5. No to J30 0.4 9. N.A.

100.1

269 465 J32-J33. Did you get more than $50 worth of free food, c l o t h i n g , or food stamps i n 1967?

2.5 1. Yes, foodjfood stamps 2.8 2. Yes, cl o t h i n g 2.7 3. Yes, mixed or N.A. which

91.4 5. No to J32 0.5 9. N.A.

99.9

270 466 J34. Was your family's income a l o t higher or lower than usual t h i s past year (1967)?

56.5 0. No, about the same as usual 28.1 1. Higher than usual 14.3 2. Lower than usual 1.1 9. N.A.

100.0

271 467 J35. Why was that?

13.6 1. Head had more or less work than usual (include unemployment, i l l n e s s of head, overtime, s t r i k e , second job)

18.7 2. Head's income from work was higher or lower than usual (wages or p r o f i t s or farm income d i f f e r e n t , not work hours)

4.7 3. More or less income from other earners i n the family

2.8 4. More of less income than usual from other (none-labor) sources

1-8 5. Other reasons, more or fewer people i n family 0.0 6. Retirement 1*9 9. N.A. why

56.5 0. Inap., family's income normal 100.0

-273-

272 468 J36. Does your family's income change from month

273 469

80.2 1. Stays the same 19.1 2. Changes from month to month 0.7 9. N.A.

100.0

J37. Why does i t vary?

11.5 1. Amount of work v a r i e s , more or less over time, s eas onal, etc.

5.6 2. P r o f i t s or commissions, farm sale,

0.7 etc. vary

0.7 3. Other family members work i n t e r m i t t e n t l y 1.0 4. Other 1.1 9. N.A.

80.2 0. Inap. 100.1

274 470 J38. Would you say you are be t t e r o f f f i n a n c i a l l y than you were a few years ago, or are you i n

275 471

the same s i t u a t i o n ?

43.1 1. Better o f f 5.5 2. Better o f f , q u a l i f i e d

34.7 3. Same, pro-con, b e t t e r i n some ways, worse i n others

2.2 4. Worse o f f , q u a l i f i e d 11.4 5. Worse o f f 3.0 9. N.A.

99.9

J39. Is there anything that makes your family's expenses unusually high?

J40. ( I f yes) What i s that?

68.4 0. No, nothing 13.8 1. Yes, medical b i l l s , s pecial d i e t s ,

i l l n e s s , p s y c h i a t r i s t s 2.3 2. Yes, rents or other housing costs,

property taxes 3.7 3. Children i n college, boarding school,

c h i l d support, alimony 5.5 4. Food, expenses too high, high prices i n

general 1.1 5. Change i n family size 3.7 7. Other, i n c l u d i n g l u x u r i e s 1.0 8. Head or wife i n college 0.6 9. N.A. whether

100.1

-274-

276 472 J41. Is anything l i k e l y to happen over the next few years t h a t w i l l make things much d i f f e r e n t f o r your family - l i k e more or less earners, a be t t e r job f o r you, or fewer people l i v i n g here?

J42. ( I f yes) What i s that?

62.8 0. No, nothing 0.8 1. Asset or debt transactions 5.4 2. Family s i t u a t i o n changes (marriage, death) 4.7 3. Expenses changes (medical expenses, l i v i n g

expenses) 3.3 4. Pay raises, more or less unemployment 6.1 5. Number of earners changes; job changes of

others 13.0 6. Job changes of Head, get a better job,

promotion 1.8 7. Other reasons 2.1 9. N.A.

100.0

277 473 J43. W i l l that make things b e t t e r , or worse, f i n a n c i a l l y ?

23.7 1. Better 2.6 3. Pro-con, b e t t e r i n some ways, worse i n

others 6.0 5. Worse 4.9 9. N.A.

62.8 0. Inap. , 100.0

278 474 J44. Are there any people that do not l i v e with you who are dependent on you f o r more than h a l f of t h e i r support?

J45. ( I f yes) How many are there?

94.3 0. No, none 2.9 1. Yes, one 1.3 2. Yes, two 0.4 3. Yes, three 0.3 4. Yes, four or more 0.4 5. Yes, N.A. how many 0.4 9. N.A. (whether)

100.0

279 475 J47. Do you (FAMILY) have parents or other r e l a t i v e s that you would f e e l that you had to help (more), i f you had more money?

21.1 1. Yes 78.3 5. No 0.6 9. N.A.

100.0

-275-

280 476 K l . We're interested i n how people spend t h e i r spare time. What things do you (HEAD) usually do i n your spare time?

4.2 0. Nothing. Have no spare time, j u s t s i t 5.5 1. Watch TV, other passive things

30.0 2. Drive the car, talk, w i t h neighbors, play cards, walk, read, f i s h , do flower gardening

25.0 3. Energetic a c t i v i t i e s r e q u i r i n g i n i t i a t i v e ; sports, active hobbies, bowling, t e n n i s , hunting, square dancing

31.1 4. Productive a c t i v i t i e s ( t h a t save money or produce d i r e c t service: having vegetable garden, working around house)

2.7 5. Investment i n s e l f : learning new t h i n g s , things that may b e n e f i t one economically

0.6 7. Other 0-9 9. N.A.

100.0

281 477 (Second mention to K l . See code f o r V280)

282 478-479 (The two mentions combined i n t o one v a r i a b l e )

283 480 K l . (Number of things mentioned)

19.5 1. One 30.6 2. Two 25.7 3. Three 12.2 4. Four 4.9 5. Five 1.7 6. Six 0.9 7. Seven 0.5 8. Eight or more 0.7 9. N.A. 3.2 0. None

99.9

284 481 K2. How often do you (HEAD) go to church?

23.9 0. Never 21.0 1. Once i n a w h i l e , a few times a year, not

of t e n , seldom 6.6 2. About once a month, sometimes 8.2 3. Every few weeks, several times a month,

once or twice a month, often 30.5 4. Every week, once a week, every Sunday 7.6 5. More than once a week, once a week plus 2.2 9. N.A.

100.0

-276-

285 482 K3. Are you (HEAD) taking any courses or lessons? K4. ( I f yes) what are they?

HIGHEST NUMBER HAS PRIORITY 87.9 0. No 0.6 1. Yes, f o r Increasing consumption pleasure

(hobbies, bridge, etc.) 0.6 2. Yes, f o r increasing knowledge about

world, etc., public a f f a i r s 0.4 3. Yes, f o r learning how to d o - i t - y o u r s e l f ,

f i x - i t courses, carpentry, N.A. what 4.3 4. Yes, w i t h p o t e n t i a l earning applications.

Job t r a i n i n g 5.4 5. Formal academic work - college, high school 0.7 9. N.A. whether

99.9

286 483 K5. About how many hours do you (HEAD) usually watch t e l e v i s i o n on an average week-day?

12.0 0. None 28.4 1. One up to 1.4 21.5 2. Two - 1.5 to 2.4, sometimes, seldom 19.2 3. Three 6.0 4. Four 5.8 5. Five 1.4 6. Six 0.8 7. Seven 1.5 8. Eight or more 3.0 9. N.A.

99.6

287 484 K6. How often do you (HEAD) read a newspaper - every day, once a week, or what?

8.8 0. Never 1.3 1. Hardly ever. Only when something unusual,

only during some season 1.1 2. Occasionally (less than once a week) 9.9 3. Once or twice a week, Sunday only 3.6 4. Week days, several times a week

74.2 5. Every day 1.2 9. N.A.

100.1

-277-

288 485 K7. About how many people i n t h i s neighborhood do you know by name? ( I f counting f a m i l i e s , m u l t i p l y by two)

4.3 0. No one 2.7 1. One 4.3 2. Two 4.1 3. Three, a few 3.2 4. Four 5.0 5. Five, 50% 9.3 6. 6-9, not many

19.6 7. 10-19, 95%, most 44.8 8. 20 or more, l o t s of people, everyone,

a l l of them 2.7 9. N.A.

100.0

289 486 K8. Do you (FAMILY) have any r e l a t i v e s who l i v e w i t h i n walking distance of here?

39.9 i . Yes 0.4 3. Yes, q u a l i f i e d (they are never home, they

are here only part of year, we never see them)

5 9 . 1 5. NO

0-5 9. N.A. 99.9

290 487 K9. Did you spend more than 40 hours helping friends or r e l a t i v e s l a s t year?

K10. ( I f yes) About how many hours was that?

• 52.4 0. No 29.7 1. Yes, 41-120 hours 5.0 2. 121-240 hours 4.5 3. 241 or more hours 6.6 7. N.A. how much, but more than 40 1.9 9. N.A.

100.1

291 488 K14. Was that from someone who does not l i v e here?

80.1 0. Inap., No to K l l 15.6 1. Yes 0.1 3. Part of I t was 2.6 5. No 1.6 9. N.A.

100.0

-278-

292 489 K15. How often do you (HEAD) go to s o c i a l clubs or organizations?

57.5 0. Never 9.5 1. Hardly ever. A few times a year 18.8 2. Occasionally, once or twice a month

(less than once a week) 7.1 3. Once a week, every Friday, etc. 4.4 4. A few times a week, more than once a 0.7 5. Every day, 4 days a week or more 2.0 9. N.A.

100.0

293 490 K16. How often do you (HEAD) go to a bar or tavern?

63.3 0. Never 11.1 1. Hardly ever, a few times a year, almost

never, seldom 9.6 2. Occasionally, once or twice a month (less

than once a week) 6.8 3. Once a week 4.7 4. A few times a week, more than once a week 2.6 5. Every day, four days a week or more 1.9 9. N.A.

100.0

294 491 K17. Do you (HEAD) belong to a labor union? K18. ( I f yes) How much did your union dues amount

to l a s t year?

76.6 0. No 1.0 1. Yes but no dues 2.2 2. Yes, dues less than $25

14.7 3. Yes, dues $26-99 4.3 4. Yes, dues $100-499 0.1 5. Yes, dues $500 or more 0.6 8. Yes, dues N.A. 0.5 9. N.A. whether

100.0

-279-

295 492 L l . Have you usually f e l t p r e t t y sure your l i f e would work out the way you want i t t o , or have there been times when you haven't been very sure about i t ?

50.1 l . Usually been p r e t t y sure 3.7 2. Pretty sure, q u a l i f i e d 3*7 3. Pro-con, sure sometimes, not sure other 1*8 4. More times when haven't been sure, q u a l i f i e d

32.1 5. More times when not very sure about i t 8-5 9. N.A., D.K.

99.9

296 493 L2. Are you the kind of person that plans h i s l i f e ahead a l l the time, or do you l i v e more from day t o day?

43.2 1. Plan ahead 4.9 2. Plan ahead, q u a l i f i e d 5.1 3. Sometimes plan ahead, sometimes not, pro-con 1.7 4. Live more from day to day, q u a l i f i e d

42.7 5. Live more from day to day 2.4 9. N.A. D.K.

100.0

297 494 L3. When you make plans ahead, do you usually get to carry out things the way you expected, or do things usually come up to make you change your plans?

53.6 1. Usually get to carry out things the way expected

3.5 2. Usually get to carry out things, q u a l i f i e d 7.5 3. Pro-con, depends, s ometimes carry out,

sometimes things come up 1.8 4. Things come up to make me change plans,

q u a l i f i e d 28.3 5. Things usually come up to make me change

plans 5.3 9. N.A., D.K.

100.0

298 495 L4. Would you say you nearly always f i n i s h things once you s t a r t them, or do you sometimes have to give up before they are finished?

72.0 Nearly always f i n i s h things 5.2 2. Nearly always f i n i s h , q u a l i f i e d 2.5 3, Pro-con, sometimes f i n i s h , sometimes give up

0.8 4. Sometimes have to give up, q u a l i f i e d 16.4 5. Sometimes have to give up before they are

fi n i s h e d 2.7 9. N.A., D.K. 99.6

-280-

299 496 L5. How much do you l i k e t o do things that are d i f f i c u l t and challenging?

A l o t , l i k e i t very much A l o t , q u a l i f i e d , some things a l o t Pro-con, depends, sometimes yes, sometimes no

Not much, q u a l i f i e d Don't l i k e things that are d i f f i c u l t and challenging

N.A., D.K.

52.7 1. 11.7 2. 8.0 3.

10.1 4. 11.3 5.

6.2 9. 100.0

300 497 L6. Would you rather spend your money and enjoy l i f e today or save more f o r the future?

36.8 1. Would rather spend money and enjoy l i f e today

2.4 2. Rather spend and enjoy, q u a l i f i e d , would i f had i t

20.3 3. Pro-con, want to do both 4.5 4. Save more f o r the f u t u r e , q u a l i f i e d

32.0 5. Save more f o r the f u t u r e 4.2 9. N.A. , D.K.

100.2

301 498 L7. Would you rather have a job that you l i k e even i f the chances f o r a r a i s e were small, or a job you don't l i k e which o f f e r s a good chance f o r making more money?

73.7 1. 1.1 2. 2.0 3. 0.9 4.

16.0 5.

6.3 9. 100.0

Rather have a job I l i k e Rather have a job I l i k e , q u a l i f i e d Pro-con, depends, want both Rather have a job I don't l i k e w i t h good chance f o r making more money, q u a l i f i e d

Rather have a job I don't l i k e which of f e r s a good chance f o r making more money

N.A., D.K.

302 499 L8. Are you more often s a t i s f i e d or d i s s a t i s f i e d w i t h yourself? .

73.0 1. More often s a t i s f i e d 3.6 2. More often s a t i s f i e d , q u a l i f i e d 4.0 3. Pro-con, depends, s a t i s f i e d some ways,

d i s s a t i s f i e d others 1.3 4. More often d i s s a t i s f i e d , q u a l i f i e d

15.2 5. More often d i s s a t i s f i e d 2.9 9. N.A., D.K.

100.0

-281-

303 500 L9. Do you have some l i m i t a t i o n s that keep you from g e t t i n g ahead as f a r as you would l i k e ?

42.0 1. Yes, health included 5.1 3. Yes, but not important,

47.9 5. No 5.0 9. N.A., D.K.

100.0

304 501 L10. Do you get angry f a i r l y e a s i l y , or does i t take a l o t to get you angry?

20.9 1, Get angry f a i r l y e a s i l y 1-9 2. Get angry f a i r l y e a s i l y , q u a l i f i e d 4.8 3. Pro-con, depends 4.9 4. Takes a l o t to get me angry, q u a l i f i e d

(But I r e a l l y blow when I do) 64.6 5. Takes a l o t to get me angry ( I never get

angry) 2.8 9. N.A., D.K.

99.9

305 502 L l i . How much does i t matter what other people think about you?

46.5 1. Not at a l l . Doesn't matter 15.3 2. Very l i t t l e , matters what one or two

people t h i n k 8.4 3. Pro-con, depends. Matters i n some areas

12.1 4. A good deal. I t matters 14.2 5. I t matters a l o t . I'm very s e n s i t i v e 3.5 9. N.A., D.K.

100.0

306 503 L12. Do you t r u s t most other people, some, or very few?

56.9 1. Most 3.7 2. Most, q u a l i f i e d

18.5 3. Pro-con, depends, should t r u s t some 3.5 4, Few, not many, q u a l i f i e d

14.5 5. Very few. I t r u s t no one 2.8 9. N.A. , D.K.

99.9

-282-

307 504

308 505

L13. Do to

you spend much time f i g u r i n g out ways get more money?

65.5 1. None at a l l 3.8 2. Very l i t t l e , not much 3.8 3. Pro-con, sometimes I do, should spend

more ( l e s s ) , used to i n the past 1.9 4. Quite a b i t

22.2 5. A l o t . I'm always f i g u r i n g out how to get more money

2.8 9. N.A., D.K. 100.0

L14. Do you t h i n k a l o t about things that might happen i n the f u t u r e , or do you usually j u s t take things as they come?

36.7 1. Think a l o t about things that might happen 2.1 2. Think a good deal, q u a l i f i e d 3.6 3. Pro-con, sometimes do, sometimes, not.

Should t h i n k more (less) 1.7 4. Usually j u s t take things as they come,

q u a l i f i e d , but 53.2 5. Usually j u s t take things as they come 2.6 9. N.A., D.K.

99.9

309 506 L15. Do you th i n k the l i f e of the average man i s g e t t i n g b e t t e r or i s i t g e t t i n g worse?

49.7 1. Getting b e t t e r 3.3 2. Getting b e t t e r , q u a l i f i e d ; 9.0 3. Pro-con, b e t t e r some ways,

should be d i f f e r e n t 1.8 4. Getting worse, q u a l i f i e d

28.2 5. Getting worse 8.0 9. N.A., D.K.

100.0

310 507 L16. Are there a l o t of people who have good things they don't deserve?

Yes, a l o t A l o t , q u a l i f i e d , quite a few Pro-con, depends, some do Not many, but a few No N.A., D.K., not concerned, can't judge

30.4 1. 2.5 2. 5.4 3. 4.3 4.

41.0 5. 16.4 9.

100.0

-283-

311 508-509 Ml. Where did vou (HEAD) grow up?

Alphabetical state code running from 01 = Alabama to 49 =* Wyoming except, Alaska = 50 and Hawaii 49. From Geographical Location Codes, U.S. General Services Administration Office of Finance, October, 1966. (Note that Census city-county data book in s e r t s Alaska and Hawaii, as 02 and 12, and has a l l 50 states i n order.

For t h i s code we added: 61 English speaking f o r e i g n countries: England,

Canada, A u s t r a l i a , New Zealand 62 Other northern European countries: France,

Low Countries, Scandinavia, Poland, Czechoslovakia, A u s t r i a , Switzerland, Russia, Germany

63 Southern European countries and Eastern Europe: Spain, I t a l y , Greece, Yugoslavia, Albania, Romania, Bulgaria

64 Spanish America: Mexico, Central American, West Ind i e s , South America

65 Asia, Mideast ( i n c l u d i n g Egypt) 66 A f r i c a , excluding Egypt 99 N.A.

312 510 M2. Was that on a farm, i n a large c i t y , small town, or what?

34.0 1. Farm 31.5 2. Large c i t y , any size c i t y 32.1 3. Small town, any size town 1-5 4. Other, many d i f f e r e n t places 0.8 9. N.A.

99.9

313 511 M3-10. How many grades of school did you (HEAD) f i n i s h ?

3.1 0. 0-5 grades and has d i f f i c u l t y reading 4.7 1. 0-5 grades, no d i f f i c u l t y reading 20.3 2. 6-8 grades 17.7 3. 9-11 grades 17.0 4. 12 grades (completed high school) 9.8 5. 12 grades plus non-academic t r a i n i n g

14.0 6. College, no degree 8.2 7. College, bachelors degree (A.B., B.S., etc 4.7 8. College, advanced or professional degrees

(M.A., Ph.D., LLB, BD, M.S., etc. 0.5 9. N.A., D.K.

100.0

-284-

314 512 M4-5. Did you get any other t r a i n i n g ; i f Yes, what was i t ?

M7-8. Did you have any other schooling? I f yes, What other schooling did you have?

21.1 1. Some t r a i n i n g outside the regular school system (apprenticeships, manpower t r a i n i n g programs,etc.

0.9 9. N.A. 78.0 0. No t r a i n i n g except regular school and college

100.0

315 513 M i l . Are you (HEAD) a veteran?

35.8 1. Yes 63.5 5. No 0*7 9. N.A.

100.0

316 514 M12. How many brothers and s i s t e r s did you have? (Includes h a l f - s i s t e r s , adopted c h i l d r e n , but not f o s t e r children)

6.5 0. None 13.8 1. One 14.0 2. Two 14.4 3. Three 12.1 4. Four 9.2 5. Five 8.3 6. Six 6.0 7. Seven

14.2 8. Eight 1.6 9. N.A.

100.1

317 515 M13. Were your parents poor when you were growing up, p r e t t y w e l l o f f , or what?

47.9 1. Poor 36.5 3.> Average, i t varied 14.6 5. Pretty w e l l o f f 1.3 9. Don't know, Didn't l i v e w i t h parent's

100.3

-285-

318 516 M14. How much education did your father have? M15. ( I f don't know) Could he read and write?

10.7 1. 0-5 grades, or D.K. and could not read or w r i t e

59.4 2. 6-8 grades, grade school, or D.K. and could read and w r i t e

5.7 3. 9-11 grades, some high school 10.8 4. 12 grades, high school 0.9 5. 12 grades plus non-academic t r a i n i n g 3.7 6. College, no degree 3.2 7. College degree, no advanced degree mentioned 1.5 8. College, advanced or professional degree 3.9 9. N.A., D.K., both M14 and M15

99.8

319 517 Accuracy of Mortgage owed (See V l l code)

320 518-521 Imputed r e n t a l income (6% of net equity i n owned home)

321 522 Accuracy of imputed rent (see V l l code) (The remaining variables were created by the computer)

322 523-528 Total 1967 Family Real Income i n Dollars

This v a r i a b l e i s composed of the sum of the f o l l o w i n g variables:

V81 Total 1967 Family Money Income +V16 Imputed income from doing additions and

repairs i n 1967 +V24 Imputed income from doing own car repairs

i n 1967 +V39 Imputed income from growing own food i n 1967 +V41 Imputed income from sewing & mending i n 1967 +V43 Earned income i n form of food or c l o t h i n g

(only i f worth more than $50) i n 1967 +V320 Imputed 1967 r e n t a l value of owner-occupied

house (.06 x net equity i n house) +V12 Estimated annual 1967 r e n t a l value of DU ( f o r

those who neither own nor rent) +V45 Value of free food, c l o t h i n g , or food stamps

received i n 1967 (only i f $50 or more during year) +V57 Value of services received free from others

NOTE: Tot a l value added i n i f a l l the time received was from someone l i v i n g outside DU; 1/2 t o t a l value added i f only part of help was from someone outside DU (Valued at $1 = 1 hour)

-286-

Description

Total 1967 FAMILY Real Income Net of Cost of Earning income - In Dollars

V322 Total 1967 Family Real Income -V84 Child care costs, Federal Income Tax, and

1967 Union dues for Head of family -V57 i f added o r i g i n a l l y (free c h i l d care)

Total 1967 FAMILY Real Income Net of Costs of Earning Income and Net of Housing Costs - I n Dollars

V322 Total 1967 Family Real Income -V84 Cost of Earning Income -V10 1967 Rent Payments -V14 1967 U t i l i t i e s Payments -V18 1967 Payments f o r additions and repairs ( f o r

a l l those s t i l l owing anything at time of interview)

-V12 Estimated annual 1967 r e n t a l value of DU ( f o r those who neither own nor rent)

-V16 Imputed income from doing additions and repairs i n 1967

-.06 x V5 Imputed 1967 annual r e n t a l value of DU ( f o r homeowners excluding farmers and others w i t h complex property, i . e . , i f coded 3 i n V7)

-V6 Estimated 1967 Property taxes f o r homeowners V320 Imputed rent of homeowners ( i f coded 3 i n V7,

i . e . , have complex property) -V57 i f added o r i g i n a l l y (Free Child Care)

"Orshansky Ratio" ( F u l l D e t a i l Variant) (V81 i V32 x 100)

V81 1967 Total Family Money Income V32 Annual Family Need Standard - Orshansky Result m u l t i p l i e d by 1.25 i f V197 or V228 = 8, i . e . , f i r s t or second job a farmer.

Ratio of Total 1967 FAMILY Real Income Net of Cost of Earning Income to Annual Family Need Standard - Orshansky (V323 T V32 x 100) V323 Total 1967 Family Real Income

Net of Cost of Earning Income V32 Annual Family Need Standard - Orshansky

Description

Ratio of Total 1967 Family Real Income Net of Cost of Earning Income and Net of Housing Costs to 1967 Family Food Standard - Orshansky Low Cost (V324 T V31 x 100) V324 Total 1967 Family Real Income Net of Cost of

Earning Income and Net of Housing Costs V31 Annual Family Food Standard - Orshansky

Low Cost

FAMILY Well-offness Index — uses "Orshansky Ratio" V325 "Orshansky Ratio"

x V73 Average hours of l e i s u r e per major adult i n family, i n 1967

FAMILY Well-offness Index - uses Ratio of Total 1967 Family Real Income Net of Cost of Earning Income to Annual Family Need Standard - Orshansky V326 Ratio of Total 1967 Family Real Income Net of

Cost of Earning Income to Annual Family Need Standard - Orshansky

x V73 Average hours of l e i s u r e time per major adult i n family, i n 1967

FAMILY Well-offness Index - uses Ratio of Total 1967 Family Real Income Net of Cost of Earning Income and Net of Cost of Housing to Annual Family Need Standard -Orshansky 327 Ratio of Total 1967 Family Real Income Net of

Cost of Earning Income and Net of Housing Costs to Annual Family Need Standard - Orshansky

x V73 Average Hours of l e i s u r e time per major adult i n family, i n 1967

Total 1967 Family Contractual Payments - I n Dollars V8 Annual Mortgage payments made i n 1967

( f o r Home owners) + V10 1967 Rent payments + V14 1967 U t i l i t i e s Payments + V18 1967 payments f o r additions and repairs + V20 1967 Car insurance payments + V22 1967 Car debt payments + V28 Other 1967 debt payments +V6 Estimated annual property taxes

( f o r home owners) paid i n 1967

-288-

Variable Tape Number Location Deacription

332 576-580 Total 1967 Family Fixed Expenditures - I n Dollars V331 Total 1967 Family Contractual Payments

+ V37 Total 1967 Family food expenditures + V84 Child care costs ( f o r f a m i l i e s where there

are children under 12 and wife of head works, or single head of family works f o r money) and 1967 Union dues f o r HEAD of family

+ V82 Total 1967 payments to dependents outside DU (only f o r cases where amount was ascertained)

333 581-586 Total 1967 Family Uncommitted Money Income - In Dollars V81 Total 1967 Family money income -V332 Total 1967 Family f i x e d expenditures

334 587-591 Total 1967 Family Food Consumption V37 Total 1967 Family food expenditures

+ V39 Imputed income from growing own food i n 1967 + V43 Earned income i n form of food i n 1967

(1 x V43 added i f source code indicates that a l l was food - i f V268 = 1 ; .7 x V43 added i f source code says food and clo t h i n g or N.A. which, i . e . , i f V268 = 3)

+ V45 Value of free food or food stamps received i n 1967 (1 x V45 added i f source code indicates that a l l was food or food stamps - i f V269 = 1; .7 x V45 i f source code says food and clo t h i n g or N.A. which - i f V269 = 3)

335 592-596 Total 1967 Family Hours of Work (Work f o r Money Plus Unpaid Work) V47 1967 Hours of Work for Money - HEAD

+ V53 1967 Hours of Work for Money - WIFE. + V59 1967 Hours of Housework - FAMILY + V61 1967 Hours of Home Production - HEAD AND WIFE + V72 1967 Hours of Work for Money - OTHERS

(other than head or wife )

CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE

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Variable Tape Number Location Description

335 592-596 + V57 1967 Hours of Help from others -(Cont.) (estimated part from outside family u n i t )

(1 x V57 i f a l l from someone outside family u n i t - i f V291 = 1 ; .5 x V57 i f only p a r t from someone outside family u n i t )

+ V63 1967 Hours of house work and work f o r money by others i n FU - adjustment factor i f someone other than Head or Wife included as a major adult.) (Added i n when hours of work by others, V72 = 0000, to avoid double counting)

336 597-599 Ratio of Total 1967 Family Food Consumption to 1967 Family x.xx Food Standard

V334 Total 1967 Family Food Consumption T V31 1967 Family food standard - Orshansky (Low-cost

plan f o r family of given aize and age-sex composition)

337 *600-603 1967 Hourly Earnings - HEAD — , ? — V74 1967 Income f rom Labor - HEAD

4 V47 1967 Hours of Work f o r Money - HEAD *Coded 99.99 when V47 = 0000 (did not work f o r money i n 1967)

338 *604-607 1967 Hourly Earnings - WIFE x x ' x x V75 1967 Income from labor - WIFE

T V53 1967 Hours of work f o r money - WIFE *Coded 99.99 when V53 = 0000 (did not work f o r money i n 1967)

The fo l l o w i n g Bracket Codes are used f o r Variables 339-350 (Income, Well-Offness, and Payments Variables)

V339-342, V346-350 V343-4 V345

0. Less than 500 Less than 1000 Less than 3000 1. 500-999 1000-1999 3000-5999 2. 1000-1999 2000-2999 6000-8999 3. 2000-2999 3000-3999 9000-11,999 4. 3000-3999 4000-4999 12,000-14,999 5. 4000-4999 5000-5999 15,000-17,999 6. 5000-7499 6000-7499 18,000-22,499 7. 7500-9999 7500-9999 22,500-29,999 8. 10,000-14,999 10,000-14,999 30,000-44,999 9. 15,000 or more 15,000 or more 45,000 or more

-290-

Description

Bkt. V81 Total 1967 Family Money Income

Bkt. V322 Total 1967 Family Real Income

Bkt. V323 Total 1967 Family Real Income Net of Cost of Earning Income

Bkt. V324 Total 1967 Family Real Income Net of Costs of Earning Income and Net of Housing Costs

Bkt. V328 Family Well-offness Index - Uses Orshansky Ratio

Bkt. V329 Family Well-offness Index- Uses Ratio of Total 1967 Family Real Income Net of Cost of Earning Income to Annual Family Need Standard

Bkt. V330 Family Well-offness Index - Uses Ratio of Total 1967 Family Real Income Net of Cost of Earning Income and Net of Housing Costs to Annual Family Need Standard

Bkt. V331 Total 1967 Family Contractual Payments

Bkt. V332 Total 1967 Family Fixed Expenditures

Bkt. V333 Total 1967 Family Uncommitted Money Income

Bkt. V334 Total 1967 Family Food Consumption

Bkt. V335 Total 1967 Family Hours of Work (Work fo r Money Plus Unpaid Work)

-291-

Variable Tape Number Location Description

349 618 Bkt. V334 To t a l 1967 Family food consumption

5.0 0. None 18.2 1. $1-499 43.6 2. $500-999 24.1 3. $1000-1999 6.5 4. $2000-2999 2.0 5. $3000-4999 0.7 6. $5000-7499 0.0 7. $7500-9999 0.0 8. $10,000 or more 0.0 9. N.A.

100.1

350 619 Bkt. V335 Total 1967 Family hours of work (Work f o r money plus unpaid work)

1.7 0. None 1.2 1. $1-499 8.3 2. $500-999

15.2 3. $1000-1999 11.4 4. $2000-2999 18.5 5. $3000-4999 39.0 6. $5000-7499 4.3 7. $7500-9999 0.4 8. $10,000 or more 0.0 9. N.A.

100.0

351 620 Bkt. V325 "Orshansky Ratio" ( F u l l D e t a i l Variant) Use V407

9.9 0 = -99.95-00.74 14.3 1 = 00.75-01.24 14.6 2 = 01.25-01.74 14.1 3 = 01.75-02.24 28.1 4 02.25-03.74 15.1 5 = 03.75-06.24 2.8 6 = 06.25-09.74 0.8 7 = 09.75-14.24 0.3 8 = 14.25-99.98 0.0 9 = 99.99 = N.A.

100.0

-292-

Variable Tape Number Location Description

352 621 Bkt. V326 Ratio of Total 1967 Family Real Income net of cost of earning income to Annual family need standard. Use V408

7.1 0 = -99.95-00.74 14.8 1 = 00.75-01.24 16.0 2 = 01.25-01.74 15.9 3 - 01.75-02.24 30.3 4 = 02.25-03.74 13.1 5 = 03.75-06.24 2.3 6 - 06.25-09.74 0.5 7 = 09.75-14.24 0.1 8 = 14.25-99.98 0.0 9 = 99.99 = N.A.

100.1

353 622 Bkt. V327 Ratio of t o t a l 1967 Family r e a l income net of cost of earning income and net of housing costs to 1967 family food standard. Use V410

1.8 0 - -99.95-00.74 2.4 1 = 00.75-01.24 3.7 2 = 01.25-01.74 4.3 3 - 01.75-02.24 16.2 4 = 02.25-03.74 27.1 5 = 03.75-06.24 24.1 6 = 06.25-09.74 12.1 7 = 09.75-14.24 8.3 8 = 14.25-99.98 0.0 9 = 99.99 = N.A.

100.0

354 623 Bkt. V336 Ratio of t o t a l 1967 family food consumption to 1967 family food standard

3.9 0 = -99.95--00.74 23.7 1 = 00.75--01.24 30.7 2 = 01.25--01.74 21.4 3 = 01.75--02.24 17.2 4 = 02.25--03.74 2.9 5 = 03.75--06.24 0.3 6 = 06.25--09.74 0.0 7 = 09.75--14.24 0.0 8 = 14.25--99.98 0.0 9 = 99.99 = N.A.

100.1

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Variable Tape Number Location Description

355 624 Bkt. V337 1967 Hourly earnings - HEAD

1.4 0. Less than .50 4.1 1. .50-.99 8.2 2. 1.00-1.49 9.4 3. 1.50-1.99 9.9 4. 2.00-2.49 9.9 5. 2.50-2.99

17.7 6. 3.00-3.99 15.8 7. 4.00-5.99 6.6 8. 6.00-99.98

17.1 9. 99.99, did not work 100.1

356 625 Bkt. V338 1967 Hourly earnings - WIFE

1.4 0. Less than .50 3.2 1. .50-.99 6.4 2. 1.00-1.49 6.4 3. 1.50-1.99 5.1 4. 2.00-2.49 3.8 5. 2.50-2.99 2.6 6. 3.00-3.99 1.9 7. 4.00-5.99 0.9 8. 6.00-99.98 68.2 9. 99.99, did not work 99.9

-294-

Variable Tape Number Location Description

355 624 Bkt. V337 1967 Hourly Earnings - HEAD

356 625 Bkt. V338 1967 Hourly Earnings - WIFE

357 626-628 Difference between Age at B i r t h of F i r s t Child and Age at Marriage - HEAD xxx Difference i n years -xx F i r s t c h i l d before marriage 098 Inap, Never married; never had any children 099 N.A. whether c u r r e n t l y married; N.A. when f i r s t

marriage; N.A. whether had children ; N.A.when f i r s t c h i l d was born

358 629 Bkt. V357 Difference between Age at B i r t h of F i r s t Child and Age at F i r s t Marriage - HEAD

15.5 0. (-99 to -2) F i r s t c h i l d bom 2 or more years before f i r s t marriage.

39.8 1. (-1 to +1) F i r s t c h i l d 1 year before marriage to 1 year a f t e r marriage.

14.7 2. (2) F i r s t c h i l d 2 years a f t e r f i r s t marriage 7.1 3. (3) F i r s t c h i l d 3 years a f t e r f i r s t marriage 4.5 4. (4) F i r s t c h i l d 4 years a f t e r f i r s t marriage 3.3 5. (5) F i r s t c h i l d 5 years a f t e r f i r s t marriage 2.0 6. (6) F i r s t c h i l d 6 years a f t e r f i r s t marriage 1.5 7. (7) F i r s t c h i l d 7 years a f t e r f i r s t marriage 6.8 8. (8-97) F i r s t c h i l d 8 or more years a f t e r f i r s t

marriage 4.9 9. (98-99) Never married or never had any chi l d r e n ;

100.1 N.A. whether c u r r e n t l y married; N.A. when f i r s t married; N.A. whether had children; N.A. when f i r s t c h i l d was born

359 630 WHETHER RESERVE FUNDS (Q. D6) Do you (FAMILY) have any savings, such as checking or savings accounts, or govern­ment bonds? (IF YES) (Q. D7) Would they amount to as much as two months' income or more? (Q. D8) (IF NO) Was there a time i n the l a s t f i v e years when you had as much as two months' income saved up?

53.2 1. Had savings i n early 1968 that amounted to as much as two months' income or more ("Yes" to both D6 and D7)

CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE

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Variable Tape Number Location Description

359 630 11.5 2. Had savings i n e a r l y 1968 that did not amount to (cont.) as much as two months' income or more, but d i d i n

past. ("Yes to D6, "No" or "N.A." to D7, and "Yes" to D8)

6.9 3. Had savings i n the past f i v e years that amounted to as much as two months' income or more but d i d not have any savings i n early 1968. ("No" or "N.A." to D6, and "Yes" to D8)

9.6 4. Had savings i n early 1968, but did not amount to as much as two months' income or more, and never i n the past f i v e years had that much. ("Yes" to D6 and "No" or "N.A." to D7, and "No" or "N.A." to D8)

16.3 5. Did not have any savings i n early 1968, and never i n the past f i v e years had savings that amounted to as much as two months' income. ("No" or "N.A." to D6, and "No" to D8)

2.4 9. N.A. whether have any savings i n early 1968 and 99.9 N.A. whether had any savings i n the past f i v e years,

or combinations other than 1-5 above.

360 631 Sex and M a r i t a l Status

8.7 1. Single man 20.1 2. Single woman 71.5 3. Married couple w i t h w i f e present 0.3 9. N.A.

100.6

361 632 Bkt. on V93 Region Where Family Lived at time of 1968 Interview

24.1 1. Northeast 29.1 2. North Central 30.0 3. South 16.8 4. West

100.0

CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE

-296-

Variable Number Location Description

361 632 Region Where Family Lived a t Time of 1968 Interview (cont.) (Detailed state-by-state code)

STATE CODE

Region Code

State Code (V93)

3 01 Alabama - 50 Alaska (not i n SRC Sample) 4 02 Arizona 3 03 Arkansas 4 04 C a l i f o r n i a 4 05 Colorado 1 06 Connecticut 3 07 Delaware 3 08 D i s t r i c t of Columbia 3 09 Florida 3 10 Georgia - 51 Hawaii (not i n SRC Sample) 4 11 Idaho 2 12 I l l i n o i s 2 13 Indiana 2 14 Iowa 2 15 Kansas 3 16 Kentucky 3 17 Louisiana 1 18 Maine 3 19 Maryland 1 20 Massachusetts 2 21 Michigan 2 22 Minnesota 3 23 Mi s s i s s i p p i 2 24 Mis sburi 4 25 Montana 2 26 Nebraska 4 27 Nevada 1 28 New Hampshire 1 29 New Jersey 4 30 New Mexico

CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE

-297-

Variable Number Location

361 632 • (cont.)

362 633

22.7 29.2 32.6 8.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.5

99.9

Description

STATE CODE - (cont.)

Region State Code Code (V93)

1 31 New York 3 32 North Carolina 2 33 North Dakota 2 34 Ohio 3 35 Oklahoma 4 36 Oregon 1 37 Pennsylvania 1 38 Rhode Island 3 39 South Carolina 2 40 South Dakota 3 41 Tennessee 3 42 Texas 4 43 Utah 1 44 Vermont 3 45 V i r g i n i a 4 46 Washington 3 47 West V i r g i n i a 2 48 Wisconsin 4 49 Wyoming

Bkt. V311 State or Country Where Head Grew Up Region Where Head of Family Grew Up 1. Northeast 2. North Central 3. South 4. West 5. Alaska, Hawaii 6. English speaking f o r e i g n countries 7. Non-English speaking foreign countries 9. N.A. This i s the summary code. See V311 f o r region code d e t a i l s , and V361 f o r state code d e t a i l s .

-298-Variable Tape Number Location Description

363 634 Geographic M o b i l i t y of Head of Family (Whether now l i v e s i n d i f f e r e n t state and/or region than where grew up)

63.7 0. Lives i n same state where grew up (V93=V311) 11.5 1. Lives i n same region but d i f f e r e n t state

(V361 = V362, and V93 * V311) 24.1 2. Lives i n both a d i f f e r e n t state and d i f f e r e n t

region from where grew up (V361 ^ V362) 0.7 9. Region where grew up N.A.

100.0

364 635 Bkt. Average Accuracy of 1967 Income Information - FAMILY

88.4 0. No assignment 0.0 1. Less than .05 0.0 2. .05-.09 4.0 3. .10-.19 4.5 4. .20-.29 0.6 5. .30-.49 1.7 6. .50-.74 0.6 7. .75-.99 0.1 8. 1.00-1.99 0.0 9. 2.00 or higher 99.9 This v a r i a b l e i s a

of variables 85-91 0. No assignment 1, Minor assignment 2. Major assignment, i . e . , probable error of greater

than $300 or 10 percent of amount assigned (whichever i s greater)

5. Estimate not accurate r e f l e c t i o n of income or payments i n 1967, i . e . , mortgage incurred i n 1968; married i n 1968, etc.

V85 Accuracy of Labor Income — HEAD V86 Accuracy of Labor Income — WIFE V87 Accuracy of Capital Income — FAMILY V88 Accuracy of Labor and Capital Income —

Other i n FU wi t h largest taxable income V89 Accuracy of Labor and Capital Income —

Other(s) i n FU with second largest taxable income

V90 Accuracy of Income from A.D.C. and A.F.D.C. — FAMILY

V91 Accuracy of amount committed f o r support of others outside FU

-299-Variable Number Tape

Location Description

365 636 Bkt. Average Accuracy of 1967 Financial Information Other than Income — FAMILY

75.2 0. No assignment 0.0 1. Less than .05

11.6 2. .05-.09 4.4 3. .10-.19 4.3 4. .20-.29 3.3 5. .30-.49 0.6 6. .50-.74 0.5 7. .75-.99 0.2 8. 1.00-1.99 0.0 9. 2.00 or higher

100.1 This v a r i a b l e i s a bracket code of the simple average of the variables l i s t e d below whose code values are as follows: 0. No assignment 1. Minor assignment 2. Major assignment; probable error of greater

than $300 or 10 percent of amount assigned (whichever i s greater)

3. Complex property - the reported house value included farm or business property, but imputed rent and housing payments were computed on the basis of the estimated p o r t i o n of property used f o r housing

5. Estimate not an accurate r e f l e c t i o n of income or payments i n 1967

V7 Accuracy of House Value and Property Taxes V319 Accuracy of Mortgage V321 Accuracy of Net Equity and Inputed Rent V9 Accuracy of 1967 Mortgage Payments V l l Accuracy of 1967 Rent Payments V13 Accuracy of 1967 Rent Value f o r those who

neither own nor r e n t V15 Accuracy of 1967 Cost of U t i l i t i e s V19 Accuracy of 1967 Additions and Repairs Payments V21 Accuracy of 1967 Car Insurance Payments V23 Accuracy of 1967 Car Debt Payments V29 Accuracy of 1967 Payments on "Other Things" V34 Accuracy of 1967 Alcoholic Beverages B i l l V36 Accuracy of 1967 Cigarette B i l l V38 Accuracy of 1967 T o t a l Food B i l l

-300-

Variable Tape Number Location Description

366 637 Accuracy of Hours Variables — FAMILY

See V364 f o r bracket code.

This v a r i a b l e Is a bracket code of the simple average of the variables l i s t e d below whose code values are as fol l o w s :

68.7 0. No assignment 0.0 1. Minor assignment

14.7 2. Major assignment; probable error of greater 9-8 than $300 or 10 percent of assignment value 3.4 (whichever i s greater)

4. Work done by someone other than Head or Wife 5. Estimate not an accurate r e f l e c t i o n of income

or payments I n 1967

V27 Accuracy of 1967 hours spent on car rep a i r s V48 Accuracy

~ HEAD of 1967 hours of work f o r money

V50 Accuracy of 1967 hours of unemployment — HEAD V52 Accuracy of 1967 hours of i l l n e s s — HEAD V54 Accuracy

— WIFE of 1967 hours of work f o r money

V56 Accuracy of 1967 hours of c h i l d care — FAMILY

V58 Accuracy of 1967 f r e e help from others — FAMILY

V60 Accuracy of 1967 family housework hours — FAMILY

V62 Accuracy of 1967 hours of home V64 Accuracy of adjustment f a c t o r f o r

Single Head of Household V66 Accuracy of 1967 Sum of Hours on which

Leisure Ratio Based — FAMILY V68 Accuracy of 1967 Hours of Other #1

Work f o r Money V70 Accuracy of 1967 Hours of Other //2

Work f o r Money

-301-

Variable Tape Number Location Description

366 637 Accuracy of Hours Variables — FAMILY

68.7 0. No assignment 0.0 1. Less than .05 - minor assignment

14.7 2. .05-.09 - major assignment; probable error of greater than $300 or 10 percent of assignement value (whichever i s greater)

9.8 3. .10-.19 3.4 4. .20-.29 - work done by someone other than Head

or Wife 2.8 5. .30-.49 - estimate not an accurate r e f l e c t i o n

of income or payments I n 1967 0.5 6. .50-.74 0.0 7. .75-.99 0.0 8. 1.00-1.99 0.0 9. 2.00 or higher

99.9 V27 Accuracy of 1967 hours spent on car repairs V48 Accuracy of 1967 hours of work f o r money - HEAD V50 Accuracy of 1967 hours of unemployment - HEAD V52 Accuracy of 1967 hours of i l l n e s s - HEAD V54 Accuracy of 1967 hours of work f o r money - WIFE V56 Accuracy of 1967 hours of c h i l d care - FAMILY V58 Accuracy of 1967 free help from others - FAMILY V60 Accuracy of 1967 family housework hours - FAMILY V62 Accuracy of 1967 hours of home V64 Accuracy of adjustment f a c t o r f o r Single Head

of household V66 Accuracy of 1967 Sum of Hours on which Leisure

Ratio Based - FAMILY V68 Accuracy of 1967 Hours of Other #1

Work f o r Money V70 Accuracy of 1967 Hours of Other #2

Work f o r Money

-302-

Variable Tape Number Location Description

367 638 Bkt. Average Accuracy of 1967 Income Creation Items

75.3 0. No assignment 0.0 1. Less than .05 0.0 2. .05-.09 19.2 3. .10-.19 0.0 4. .20-.29 4.0 5. .30-.49 1.2 6. .50-.74 0.2 7. .75-.99 0.1 8. 1.00-1.99 0.0 9. 2.00 or higher

100.0

This v a r i a b l e i s a bracket code of the simple average of the variables l i s t e d below whose code values are as follows:

0. No assignment 1. Minor assignment 2. Major assignment; probable error of greater

than $300 or 10 percent of assigned value (whichever i s greater)

4. Work done by someone other than head or w i f e 5. Estimate not an accurate r e f l e c t i o n of

income or payments i n 1967

V17 Accuracy of value of Additions and Repairs done by Family

V25 Accuracy of value of Car Repairs done by Family

V40 Accuracy of value of Rome Grown Food of Family

V42 Accuracy of value of clothes made and/or mended by Family

V44 Accuracy of value of food received as part of pay by Family

V46 Accuracy of value of free food, c l o t h i n g or food stamps received by Family

-303-

V a r i a b l e Tape Number Location D e s c r i p t i o n

368 639 Bkt. V117 Age of Head of Family

9.3 1. Under 25 17.8 2. 25-34 21.4 3. 35-44 18.9 4. 45-54 16.0 5. 55-64 10.9 6. 65-74 5.5 7. 75 or older 0.1 9. N.A.

99.9

369 640 Bkt. V118 Age of Wife of Head of Family

9.6 1. Under 25 15.4 2. 25-34 17.7 3. 35-44 13.0 4. 45-54 9.3 5,. 55-64 4.7 6. 65-74 1.1 7. 75 or older 0.2 9. N.A.

29.0 0. Inap•, no wife 100.0

-304-

Variable Tape Number Location Description

370 641-642 Average Age of Head and Wife ( I n Years)

This Variable i s the simple average of V117 (age of Head), V118 (age of Wife). I f V118=00 (no w i f e ) , age of Head I s recorded again.

36. Average age of Head and Wife = 3 6 ; or no wife present, and Head i s 36 years old.

371 643 Bkt. V370 Average Age of Head and Wife

(Do not use t h i s code where there i s no wife.)

19.9 1. Under 25 25.1 2. 25-34 23.2 3. 35-44 13.9 4. 45-54 10.6 5. 55-64 5.5 6. 65-74 1.7 7. 75 or older 0.0 9. N.A.

99.9

372 644 Bkt. on Difference i n Age between Head and Wife

V117 (Age of Head) minus V118 (Age of Wife)

(-98 to -10) Husband i s 10 or more years younger than w i f e (-9 to -5) Husband i s between 5 and 9 years younger than w i f e (-4 to -2) Husband i s between 2 and 4 years younger than w i f e (-1) Husband i s 1 year younger than w i f e (0) Husband and w i f e the same age (+1) Husband 1 year older than w i f e (+2 to +4) Husband 2 to 4 years older than wife (+5 to +9) Husband 5 to 9 years older than w i f e (+10 to +19) Husband 10 to 19 years older than w i f e (20-99) Husband 20 or more years older than w i f e ; or no w i f e .

0.3 0.

1.6 1.

3.4 2.

3.9 3. 7.6 4. 8.6 5.

24.6 6. 15.0 7. 5.4 8.

29.6 9. 100.0

-305-

Variable Number

373

Tape Location

645-649

Description

Average Value Per Room i n Dwelling Unit

For Homeowners:

*For Renters:

*For Those who neither own nor ren t :

V5 House Value +V1Q2 Number of rooms i n DU

10 x V l l Annual Rent -rV102 Number of rooms i n DU

10 x V12 Rental Value V102 Number of rooms i n DU

xxxx. Coded i n Dollars

*(Calculated value assumes t h a t value of DU i s approximately 10 times i t s annual r e n t a l value)

374 650 Bkt. V373 Average Value per Room i n Dwelling Unit

2.3 1. Less than $500 7.3 2. $500-999

26.5 3. $1000-1999 24.5 4. $2000-2999 19.0 5. $3000-3999 9.4 6. $4000-4999 7.4 7. $5000-7499 2.3 8. $7500 to 99,998 1.3 9. N.A.

100,0

375 651 Brackets on Value of A l l Cars Owned (V145)

20.0 0. Family owns no cars 26.8 1. Less than $500 15,2 2. $500-999 23.9 3. $1000-1999 9.1 4. $2000-2999 2.6 5. $3000-3999 1.2 6. $4000-4999 0.6 7. $5000-7999 0.0 8. $8000-9998 0.4 9. N.A. 99.8

Number correct Word-to-picture t e s t (V195)

0.1 0. 0-5 0.3 1. 6-9 0.3 2. 10-11 0.5 3. 12 0.8 4. 13 1.0 5.. 14 ( a l l correct)

97.0 9. Refused to take t e s t or d i d not take f o r some other 100.0 reason (99); or t e s t not assigned to family (98)

-306-

Variable Tape Number Location Description

377 653 Bkt. Annual Head Might Earn per hour on Another Job (V210)

378 654

379 655

380 656

88.4 0. Inap.. question not asked 0.1 1. $.01-.99 0.1 2. $1.00-1.49 0.3 3. $1.50-1.99 0.5 4. $2.00-2.49 1.0 5. $2.50-2.99 2.4 6. $3.00-3.99 2.6 7. $4.00-5.99 2.5 8. $6.00 or more 2.1 9. N.A.

100.0 Bkt. Hourly wage of Jobs not Worth Taking -- Head (V238)

See Code f o r Variable 377 above.

Bkt, . Age when Head of family married (V240)

1.3 1. Under 16 4.9 2. 16-17

13.7 3. 18-19 19.2 4. 20-21 26.9 5. 22-25 14.5 6. 26-30 6.4 7. 31-39 1.9 8. 40 or older 3.3 9. N.A. 7.9 0. Inap., not married

100.0 Bkt . Age of head at B i r t h of F i r s t Child (V138)

See code f o r Variable 379 above.

381 657 Actual minus Required Rooms f o r family of t h i s s i z e , age and sex composition (V102, V124)

0.6

1.0 4.3 9.8

22.6 23.8 19.1 11.0 6.5 1.3

100.0

0.

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

-3 or less (DU has 3 fewer rooms than required) -2 -1 0 (actual number of rooms equals required number +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 or more N.A.

NOTE: Actual number of rooms only coded through 8, required number of rooms through 9; therefore, range i s act u a l l y -8 to +7

-307-

Variable Tape Number Location Description

382 658-660 Persons Per Room

09.8 = Family has no room of i t s own 09.9 N.A. Otherwise Person

Rooms WITH ONE DIGIT AFTER DECIMAL

383 661 Race and Sex of Head

70.0 0. White male 9.2 1. Non-white male

16.9 2. White female 3.9. 3. Non-white female

100.0

384 662 Employment Problems of Head

One po i n t f o r each of these:

Lost h i s previous job (V201 = 1-3) Had more than f i v e employers I n l a s t ten years (V203 = 6-8) Turned down a job rather than move (V205 => 1) Serious i l l n e s s or accident i n l a s t three years (V215 = 1-2) Serious unemployment i n l a s t three years (V219 = 1-2) Would have trouble g e t t i n g another j o b , f o r e x p l i c i t reasons (V214 = 1)

385 663 Background Problems of Head

Grew up on a farm (V312 = 1) Completed less than 6 grades, and has d i f f i c u l t y reading (V313 = 0) Parents were poor (V317 = 1) Age ^ 20 at b i r t h of f i r s t c h i l d TL656 = 1-3 (V380 = 1-3)

-308-

Variable Tape Number Location

386 664

387 665

Description

Current Handicaps of Head

No reading matter v i s i b l e i n DU to interviewer (V184 = 5) Many (6 or more) questions had to be repeated (V185 = 3-5) Many (6 or more) answers had to be repeated (V186 = 3-5) Head has disfigurements or dysfunctional habits (V187 = 1) Family l i v e s 30 miles or more from the nearest c i t y of 50,000 or more (V189 = 4-5) Head has d i s a b i l i t i e s that l i m i t work (V216 = 1-3) Head has dependents outside h i s DU (V278 = 1-5) Family has r e l a t i v e s they might have to help more (V279 = 1)

NOTE: This code has values from 0 through 8. No a d d i t i o n a l points have been given f o r more dependents, or more serious d i s a b i l i t i e s , or extreme incoherence, since they are so rare.

Housing Quality (Dwelling Unit and Neighborhood)

See V418 f o r a revised version of t h i s v a riable.

Family owns i t s own home (V103 = 1) Family does not share dwelling w i t h another family (V114 = 1, 2, 5-7) Family owns car or causes no d i f f i c u l t i e s not to have a car. (V140 = 1 or 5) DU i s less than 15 miles from center of c i t y of 50,000 or more (but not w i t h i n 5 miles of center) (V189 = 2) Live i n a single family house (V190 = 1) Neighborhood contains only single family houses (V192 = 2) Interviewer noted no housing defects (V194 = 5) House value (or 10 times annual re n t ) equals $2000 or more per room (V374 = 4-8) Number of rooms equal to or greater than number required (V381 = 4-9)

-309-

Deecription

Sense of Eff i c a c y See V419 f o r a revised version of t h i s v a r i a b l e .

[Not unsure l i f e would work out (V295 = 1, 2. 3, 9) [Sure l i f e would work out (V295 = 1-2) [Some planning (V296 = 1, 2, 3, 9) [plans ahead (V296 = 1-2) [Doesn't f a i l t o carry out things (V297 = 1, 2, 3, 9) [Get t o carry out things as expected (V297 = 1-2) p o t d i s s a t i s f i e d w i t h s e l f (V302 = 1, 2, 3, 9) [ s a t i s f i e d w i t h s e l f (V302 = 1-2) No l i m i t a t i o n s seen f o r s e l f (V303 = 3, 5, 9)

389 667 Trust i n Others See V420 f o r a revised version of t h i s v a r i a b l e .

Neither l i k e s nor d i s l i k e s a job where t o l d what to do (V213 = 2-4, 9) Would not have trouble g e t t i n g another job (V214 = 5) Is not concerned w i t h what others t h i n k (V305 = 0-2) Trusts other people (V306 = 0-2) Thinks l i f e of average man i s g e t t i n g b e t t e r (V309 = 0-2) Thinks there are not many who have things they don't deserve (V310 = 4, 5)

390 668 Ambition (Verbal a s p i r a t i o n expressed) See V423 f o r a revised version of t h i s v a r i a b l e

Plans to move (purposive move) (V112 = 1-3) Has high educational aspirations f o r ch i l d r e n (V137 = 1-3) Says i t i s important to make own decisions on a job (V199 = 1-2) Is w i l l i n g t o move f o r even a moderately b e t t e r job . (V207 =* 1-3) Has plans to t r y f o r a new job (V208 = 1) Doesn't l i k e a job where t o l d what to do (V213 = 4-5)

[Wanted to work more hours than did (V231 = 1) Did not want to work fewer hours than d i d

(neutralizes the Inaps.) (V233 ^ 1) Expects things to happen f o r b e t t e r (V277 = 1) Likes t o do things d i f f i c u l t or challenging (V299 = 1, 2)

V390 CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE

Variable Tape Number Location

388 666

-310-

Variable Number

390 (continued)

Tape Location

668

391 669

Description

Ambition (Verbal a s p i r a t i o n expressed)

Would rather have a job w i t h good chance f o r making more, even i f don't l i k e i t (V301 = 4, 5) Spends time f i g u r i n g out ways to get more money (V307 = 4, 5) Might earn reasonably more on new job ($.50 to $3.00 more) (V210)

Values greater than 9 truncated to equal 9.

Expressed Horizon Is sure whether w i l l or w i l l not move ( V l l l = 1, 2, 4, 5)

Tlas e x p l i c i t plans f o r children's education (V137 = 1-5; add 2) No children i n school (neutralize these) (V137 = 0; add 1) Has plans f o r an e x p l i c i t kind of new job (V209 = 1-2) Knows what kind of t r a i n i n g new job requires (and i t requires i t ) (V211 = 2) Has e x p l i c i t f a mily plans (V248 = 1, 5, 6) Mentions things t h a t w i l l happen to change ( f o r be t t e r or worse) (V277 = 1 or 8) Has subs t a n t i a l savings r e l a t i v e to income (V359 = 1-2)

392 670 Self-Reported Horizon

[Doesn't l i v e from day to day (V296 = 1, 2, 3, 9) [Plans ahead (V296 = 1, 2)

plans do not abort (V297 = 1, 2, 3, 9) [Get to carry out plans (V297 = 1, 2)

[Wouldn't rather spend i t today (V300 = 3 or higher) [would rather save f o r future (V300 = 4, 5)

[Boes not j u s t take things as they come (V308 = 1 , 2, 3, 9) [Thinks about things that may happen (V308 = 1, 2)

-311-

Variable Number

393

Tape Location

6 7 1

Description

Connectedness to p o t e n t i a l sources of help

"Went to a PTA meeting, w i t h i n l a s t year (V136 = 1-2) Neutralize those w i t h no ch i l d r e n i n school J V 1 3 6 = 0, 1, 2)

Attends church once a month or more (V284 = 2-5) Watches t e l e v i s i o n a l o t (more than 1 hour per day) (V286 = 2-8) Reads a newspaper once a week or more (V287 = 3-5) Knows two or more neighbors by name (V288 = 2-8) Knows s i x or more neighbors by name (V288 = 6-8) Has r e l a t i v e s w i t h i n walking distance of DU (V289 = 1) Goes to organizations once a month or more (V292 = 2-5) Goes to bar or tavern once a month or more (V293 = 2-5) Belongs to a labor union and pays dues (V294 = 2-8) Values greater than 9 truncated to 9.

394 672

I f Employed

Unemployed or Retired

Money Earning Acts (Current money earning behaviors)

Head works more than 2,000 hours (V47 2000) Wife works more than 1,000 hours (V53 1000) Neutralize: No w i f e , or ch i l d r e n under 4 (V239 1 — no wife) OR(V120 = 1-3 — c h i l d under 4) Head self-employed and/or owns a business (V198 = 2-3 or V250 5) Moved to get a b e t t e r job (V204 = 1) Has done something about a b e t t e r job (V212 = 1-3)

Head seldom or never l a t e f o r work (V217 = 3-5) Head r a r e l y or never f a i l s to go to work when not sick (V218 = 4-5) Head has extra jobs (or ways of making- money) _(V227 = 1, 3, 4)

Has name i n several places f o r a job (V235 = 2-4) Has applied to 2 or more places I n l a s t 2 weeks (V236 = 2-4) Low reservation p r i c e : no jobs not worth t a k i n g , or chey pay less than $1-50 per hour (V238^.150)

-312-

Variable Tape Number Location Description

395 673 Real Earning Acts (non-money, or investment for future)

Saved more than $100 doing own additions and repairs (V16 > 0100, add 2; V16 -C0100, add 1)

Saved more than $100 by growing own food (V39 > 100)

Saved more than $100 by sewing (V41> 100)

Spends time on other productive a c t i v i t i e s (V280 = 4-5) Spends time on other productive a c t i v i t i e s (V281 = 4-5)

Taking courses or lessons w i t h earning p o s s i b i l i t i e s (V285 = 3-5)

Saved more than $100 on car repairs (V24 > 100; add 2)

Neutralize non-owners (V143 =0; add 1)

COMMENT: The above items were made in t o a separate index from the income increasing behaviors more d i r e c t l y r e l a t e d to regular jobs, because they may ac t u a l l y be substitutes f o r increasing money earnings by working more on the main job.

396 674 Economizing

Received free help from others inside or outside the house for more than 100 hours (V57 > 100)

Does not own a recent year model car (1966-68) (V144 £ 66, 67, 68)

Spends less than $150/year on alcohol (V33 -c $150)

Spends less than $150/year on cigarettes (V35 $150)

Eat out less than once a week (V162<. 2)

Reports special ways of keeping food b i l l down (V171^0)

(V17 2;K>)

Family eats together most or a l l the time (V174 = 3-4)

Report special ways of saving on cl o t h i n g (V175 £ 0) (V176 £ 0)

-313-

Variable Tape

Number Location Description 397 675 Risk Avoidance

At least one car i n good condition (V146 = 1) Worst car not i n poor condition (also neutralizes non-owners) (V147 £ 5)

A l l cars insured (V149 = 1) Has no uninsured car (neutralizes non-owners who get a point) (V149 jt 3-5)

Head has seat belts fastened a l l the time (V153 = 1 ; add 2) Head has seat b e l t s fastened part of the time (V153 = 3; add 1) Neutralize the non-owners (V152 = 0; add 1)

Head insured, or family can get free medical care (V158 = 1-3, 5, 7)

Family does not smoke more than 17 cigarettes a day (V169 = 0-2)

Family has some savings (V359 = 1, 2, or 4)

Values greater than 9 truncated to 9.

398 676 Number of Children Under 18 L i v i n g with Family

14.8 1. One 15.0 2. Two 9.8 3. Three 5.2 4. Four 2.6 5. Five 1.5 6. Six 0.7 7. Seven 0.3 8. Eight 0.4 9. Nine or

49.6 0. None; N 99.9

-314-

Variable Tape Number Location Description

399 677-680 Ratio of Family Money Income to Family Money Needs: SSA Economy Level (70% Farm Family Cutoffs)

XX.XX This Social Security Administration d e f i n i t i o n i s based on the economy l e v e l food budget, which was the same d e f i n i t i o n that was applied to the 1967 CPS data. The c u t o f f s are unaltered even to take account of price changes. Economies of scale are related to family size, although the d e f i n i t i o n assumes that the marginal cost for a d d i t i o n a l family members beyond 7 i s zero. Incorpor­ated i n the d e f i n i t i o n are adjustments for the sex o f the head and the ages of family members. For farm f a m i l i e s , those whose heads indicate that farming i s t h e i r f i r s t or second j o b , the c u t o f f i s .7 x nonfarm values.

400 681-684 Ratio of Family Money Income to Family Money Needs: SSA Economy Level (80% Farm Family Cutoffs)

XX.XX This v a r i a b l e i s i d e n t i c a l to V399 except that the c u t o f f f o r farm f a m i l i e s i s .8 x nonfarm values.

401 685-688 Ratio of Family Money Income to Family Money Needs: SSA Low-Cost Level (70% Farm Family Cutoffs)

XX0XX This d e f i n i t i o n i s i d e n t i c a l i n structure to V399, but allows a higher money need per person. I n contrast to the economy-level d e f i n i t i o n s (V399-400) , the c u t o f f s here have been adjusted upward from the 1967 le v e l to r e f l e c t p r i c e changes. The c u t o f f f o r farm families i s .7 x nonfarm values.

-315-

V a r i a b l e Tape Number Location D e f i n i t i o n

402 689-692 Ratio of Family Money Income to Family Money Needs SSA Low-Cost Lev e l (807. Farm Family Cutoffs)

XX.XX

403 693-696 Ratio of Family Money Income to Family Money Needs Modified SSA Economy Leve l (70% Farm Family Cutoffs)

XX.XX This d e f i n i t i o n d i f f e r s i n two ways from V399. F i r s t , i t r e s t s on a 1965 food expenditures survey and, second, i t assumes that the marginal cost of a d d i t i o n a l family members becomes zero a f t e r the 11th member, rather than the 7th. There are a la r g e r number of poor when t h i s d e f i n i t i o n i s used because the extension of the range i n which family members have a p o s i t i v e marginal cost, and because of the higher c u t o f f s r e s u l t i n g from the 1965 food expenditure survey, which showed the r a t i o of food expenditure to t o t a l needs to be l e s s than 1/3, the r a t i o developed from the 1955 survey.

404 697-700 Ratio of Family Money Income to Family Money Needs Modified SSA Economy Level (80% Farm Family Cutoffs)

XX.XX

405 701-704 Ratio of Family Money Income to Family Money Needs Modified SSA Low-Cost Lev e l (70% Farm Family Cutoffs)

XX.XX This d e f i n i t i o n d i f f e r s from V401 i n the same way that the modified SSA economy-level d e f i n i t i o n d i f f e r s from V399.

406 705-708 XX.XX

Ratio of Family Money Income to Family Money Needs Modified SSA Low-Cost L e v e l (80% Farm Family Cutoffs)

-316-

Varlable Tape Number Location D e f i n i t i o n

The following bracket code i s used f o r variables 407-409.

0. Less than .40 1. .40 -- .79 2. .80 -- 1.19 3. 1.20 - 1.59 4. 1,60 - 1.99 5. 2.00 - 2.39 6. 2.40 - 2.99 7. 3.00 - 3.99 8. 4.00 - 5.99 9. 6.00 or higher

407 709 Bkt. on V325; "Orshansky Ratio"

408 710 Bkt. on V326: Ratio of Total 1967 Family Real Income Net of Cost of Earning Income to Annual Family Need Standard

409 711 Bkt. on V399: Ratio of Family Money Income to Family Money Needs: SSA Economy Level (70% Farm Family Cutoffs)

410 712 Bkt. on 8V327: Ratio of Total 1967 Family Real Income Net of Cost of Earning Income and Net of Housing Costs to 1967 Family Food Standard

0. -9.99 - 0.99 1. 1.00 - 1.99 2. 2.00 - 2.99 3. 3.00 - 3.99 4. 4.00 - 4.99 5. 5.00 - 5.99 6. 6.00 - 7.49 7. 7.50 - 9.99 8. 10.00 - 14.99 9. 15.00 or higher

411 713 Bkt. on 8V382: Persons per Room

0. Under 00.3 1. 0.3 - 0.4 2. 0.5 - 0.6 3. 0.7 - 0.8 4. 0.9 - 1.2 5. 1.3 - 1.6 6. 1.7 - 2.0 7. 2.1 - 3.0 8. 3.1 - 9.8 9. 09.9 or higher; N.A.

-317-

Variable Tape Number Location D e f i n i t i o n

Variables 412-417 are employment and income c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of the county i n which the family was interviewed i n 1968. The value of each var i a b l e i s a constant f o r everyone i n that county. Data from variables 412-414 are derived from questionnaires sent to one st a t e unemployment compensation commissioners, asking them about the sample counties i n t h e i r s t a t e .

412 714. whether Surplus or Shortage of Unskilled Temporary Labor i n County

1. Many more jobs than there are applicants 2. More jobs than applicants 3. Most people are able to f i n d jobs 4. A number of u n s k i l l e d workers unable to f i n d jobs 5. Many u n s k i l l e d workers unable to f i n d jobs 9. N.A.

413 715 Average hourly wage i n county f o r u n s k i l l e d temporary labor

1. Under. $1.50 2. $1.50 - 1.99 3. $2.00 - 2.49 4. $2.50 - 2.99 5. $3.00 - 4.00 9. N.A.

414 716 County Unemployment Rate, Spring 1968

1. Under 2% 2. 2-3.9% 3. 4-5.9% 4. 6-10% 5. Over 10% 9. N.A.

415 717 Public Welfare, 1962 Per Capita Expenditure i n County - ( I n D o l l a r s ) . Census of Governments 1962, Summary - Table 28

1. 00.00 - 00.41 2. 00.42 - 01.09 3. 01.10 - 02.79 4. 02.80 - 04.99 5. 05.00 -- 08.99 6. 09.00 - 15.99 7. 16.00 - 29.99 8. 30.00 - 79.99 9. N.A.

-318-

Variable Tape Number Location D e f i n i t i o n

416 718 Per Student Public 1962 Public School Expenditures i n County ( d o l l a r s per year). Census of Governments . Summary - Table 28

1. 100 - 179 2. 180 - 219 3. 220--254 4. 255 - 285 5. 286 - 309 6. 310 - 319 7. 320 - 344 8. 345 - 389 9. 390 - 599

417 719 Percent Employment Change i n County, 1962-1967, C n t r n f y Buc-fn^gq Parprns, Summary Tables

1. -20 - 11 2. 12 - 16 3. 17 - 22 4. 23 - 26 5. 27 - 31 6. 32 - 36 7. 37 - 61 8. 62 - 200 9. N.A.

-319-

Variable Tape Number Location

418 720 Description

Housing and Neighborhood Quality Redone (Revised V387)

Owns home V103=l Live 5-30 miles from center of c i t y of 50,000 or more V189=2,3

Single Family home V190=l Neighborhood of Single Family Houses V192=2 Value per room Value = (10 x rent f o r

non-owners) 2000 V374=4-8 Actual - Required rooms V381=5-9 No v i s i b l e defects V194=5 Omits: Car Lack F e l t Share Dwelling (Hard to Determine)

Changes: Distance to Center, Surplus of Rooms

419 721 Reported E f f i c a c y and Planning (Revised V388 and V392)

Sure L i f e Would Work Out Plans L i f e Ahead Gets to Carry Out Things Finishes Things Rather Save f o r Future Has No Li m i t a t i o n s Thinks About Things That Might Happen i n Future

V295=l V296=l V297=l V298=l V3O0=5 V303^1

V308=l

420 722 Trust or H o s t i l i t y (Revised V389) Does not get angry e a s i l y Matters What Others Think Trusts Most Other People

Believes Not a Lot of People Who Have Good Things They Don't Deserve

V304=5 V305=4,5 V306=l

Believes L i f e of Average Man Getting Better V309=l

V310=5

Omits: Indifference to job where t o l d what to do No trouble g e t t i n g another job (Self-perceived l i m i t a t i o n s moved to "Efficacy")

-320-

V a r i a b l e Tape Number Location Description

423

421*

725

723*

Aspiration-Ambition (Revised V390)

Might make purposive move V112=l,2

Wanted more work and/or worked > 2500 hours V231=l and/or V47 > 2500

Neutralize Inaps. 2 points

L i k e s to do d i f f i c u l t or challenging things V299=l Pr e f e r s a job with chances for making more money even i f d i s l i k e s job V301=5

D i s s a t i s f i e d with s e l f V302=5 Spends time f i g u r i n g out how to get more money V307=5

422* 724* Plans to get a new job, and knows what type V208=l and of job, and knows what i t might pay

Neutralize Inaps. and one point for plans for job regardless of d e t a i l s

*Subvariable

Omits:

Educational a s p i r a t i o n s f o r children

Important to make own d e c i s i o n s on job Doesn't l i k e job where told what to do W i l l i n g to move for moderately good job

Expects things to change for b e t t e r

V209=l-4 and V210^999 or 000

V208<5

427

424*

729 Real Earning Acts

726* Saved more than $75 on additions and r e p a i r s (Neutralize non-owners who did not save $75)

V16 > 075 V16> 075 V103 =5,8

425* 727* Saved more than $75 growing own food (2 points)

V 3 9 > 075 V39 y 075

- 3 2 1 -

Variable Tape Number Location Description

426* 728* Saved more than $75 on car repairs (Neutralize non-owners)

Taking courses or lessons w i t h economic p o t e n t i a l

Spends spare time productively (added)

Omits:

Saved on sewing

*Subvariable

V24> 075 V24> 075 V143=0

V285=3-5

V280=4,5

432

428

429

430

431

434

433

734

730

731

732

733

736

735

Economizing

Spend less than $150 a year on alcohol

Spend less than $150 a year on cigarettes

Received more than 100 hours of free help

Dp not own very new car ( i n 1969)

Eat out seldom

Eat together most of time

Omits:

Reported ways of keeping food b i l l down Reported ways of saving on c l o t h i n g

Risk Avoidance

Has at least one car i n good condition

No car

A l l cars are insured

Uses seat belts some of the time (Neutralize non-owners)

Uses seat belts a l l the time (2 points)

Has medical insurance or a way to get free care Head i s not a heavy smoker (less than one pack a day) Have some l i q u i d savings Have two months income saved up

1968

V33 < 150

V35 < 150

V57 > 100

V144T*66, 67, or 68

V 1 6 2 = 0 , l

V174=3,4

V146=1

V 1+6=0

V149=l

V153=3 V152=0

V153=l

7158=1,2,3,5,7

V169=0-2 V359=l,2,4 V359=l

-322-

Variable Tape Number Location Description

435 737-739 Square root of V328 using money income (3 d i g i t s )

436 740-742 Square root of V329, well-offness using r e a l income (3 d i g i t s )

437 743-745 Square root of V330, well-offness using r e a l income net of housing outlays r e l a t i v e to food needs (3 d i g i t s )

438 746 Bkt. Wage ra t e on 2nd job

0. 0 or inap. 1. Under $1.00 2. $1.00-1.49 3. $1.50-1.99 4. $2.00-2.99 5. $2.50-2.99 6. $3.00-3.99 7. $4.00-5.99 8. $6.00 or more 9. N.A.

439 747-748 Weight

A l l analysis on the e n t i r e sample should be based on weighted data, to reduce the biases from d i f f e r e n t i a l sampling and response rates. However, i t i s possible to use the SRC cross-section sample only, without weights, since the response rates did not vary so much as to produce s u b s t a n t i a l biases.

-323-

DISTRIBUTION OF VARIABLES NOT PREVIOUSLY LISTED

Variable Number

Tape Location D e f i n i t i o n

124 297 Required number of rooms f o r a family l i k e t h i s

0.1 1. One 38.0 2. Two 28.6 3. Three 20.1 4. Four 8.8 5. Five 3.0 6. Six 1.0 7. Seven 0.3 8. Eight 0.1 9. N.A.

100.0

125 298 Education of ch i l d r e n

Number of children who completed less than 12 grades

126 299

93.6 0. None 3.8 1. One 1.4 2. Two 0.4 3. Three 0.1 4. Four 0.0 5. Five 0.0 6. Six 0.0 7. Seven 0.0 8. Eight or more 0.6 9. N.A.

99.9

Number of ch i l d r e i 12 grades

89.6 0. None 7.4 1. One 2.0 2. Two 0.2 3. Three 0.1 4. Four 0.0 5. Five 0.0 6. Six 0.0 7. Seven 0.0 8. Eight or more 0.7 9. N.A.

100.0

-324-

Variable Tape Number Location D e f i n i t i o n

127 300 Education of Children (continued)

Number of c h i l d r e n who completed more than 12 grades

88.9 0. None 8.2 1. One 1.9 2. Two 0.3 3. three 0.0 4. Four 0.0 5. Five 0.0 6. Six 0.0 7. Seven 0.0 8. Eight or more 0.6 9. N.A.

99.9

171 355 E12. What special ways do you have f o r keeping the food b i l l down?

43.1 0. No second mention 1.4 1. Don't eat much; t r y to eat less

19.5 2. Try to economize, buy i n large q u a n t i t i e s , buy bulk; watch f o r ads i n paper, watch fo r specials, bargains, sales, shop around the stores, buy from farmer

1.0 3. Have an " i n " - army PX, eat cheap at restaurant where work; get discount on groceries, buy co-op

0.9 4. Coupons cut from papers; use coupons; food stamps, welfare food

14.0 5. Eat cheaper foods; e.g., potatoes, hamburgers, chicken; buy no l u x u r i e s , eat l e f t - o v e r s , don't waste what we buy

7.5 6. Do own baking, canning, or freezing 11.5 7. Raise or grow food; garden, have own milk

raise a c a l f , pigs, or chickens, have f r u i t trees. Also do hunting and f i s h i n g i f i n d i c a t i o n of subs t a n t i a l saving

0.4 8. Yes, g i f t s of food, food from home, etc. 0.7 9. N.A.

100.0

-325-

V a r i a b l e Tape Number Location Description

172 356 S p e c i a l ways for keeping the food b i l l down (continued)

Anything e l s e ?

66.3 0. No or no second mention 1.2 1. Don't eat much; t r y to eat l e s s

18.1 2. Try to economize, buy i n large q u a n t i t i e s , buy bulk; watch for ads i n paper, watch for s p e c i a l s , bargains, s a l e s , shop around the s t o r e s , buy from farmer

0.1 3. Have an " i n " - army PX, eat cheap at restaurant where work; get discount on gr o c e r i e s , buy co-op

0.4 4. Coupons cut from papers; use coupons; food stamps, welfare food

4.2 5. Eat cheaper foods; e.g., potatoes, hamburgers, chicken, buy no l u x u r i e s , eat l e f t - o v e r s , don't waste what we buy

6.6 6. Do own baking, canning, or f r e e z i n g 2.3 7. Raise or grow food; garden, have own milk,

r a i s e a c a l f , pigs, or chickens, have f r u i t t r e e s . Also do hunting and f i s h i n g i f i n d i c a t i o n of s u b s t a n t i a l saving

0.6 8. Yes, g i f t s of food, food from home, e t c . 0.2 9. N.A.

99.9

175 360 Do you have any s p e c i a l ways of saving on c l o t h i n g c o s t s ?

48.6 0. No, or no second mention 4.9 1. J u s t do not buy much, keep i t clean

10.5 2. Yes, buy economically, shop i n l a r g e r c i t i e s , shop for s a l e s or bargains, seasonal shopping at end of season

5.1 3. Yes, shop at discount s t o r e s , hand-me-downs; buy used c l o t h i n g

1.4 4. Yes, discount on c l o t h i n g because of employment 1.8 5. Yes, mending

11.4 6. Yes, sewing, a l t e r a t i o n s , makes some cl o t h e s 13.6 7. Yes, make a l o t of own cl o t h e s , "Wife sews

for a l l our daughters," e t c . 2.4 8. Yes, g i f t s of c l o t h i n g , clothes sewn by

someone e l s e (outside FU) NOTE: THIS IS NOT THE HIGHEST PRIORITY CODE. PLACE LOWER THAN 1.

0.2 9. N.A. 99.9

-326-

Variable Tape Number Location

176 - 361

83.3 3.8 6.9

1.8

0.2 1.0 0.7 0.3

1.8

0.1 99.9

191 379

13.1 3.6 62.6 5.7

5.0

4.3 3.1 0.5 0.7 1.5

100.1

Description

Do you have any special ways of saving on clo t h i n g costs? ( I f yes) What are they?

0. No, or no second mention 1. Just do not buy much, keep i t clean 2. Yes, buy economically, shop i n larger c i t i e s

shop f o r sales or bargains, seasonal shopping at end of season

3. Yes, shop at discount stores, hand-me-downs; buy used cl o t h i n g

4. Yes, discount on clo t h i n g because of employment 5. Yes, mending 6. Yes, sewing, a l t e r a t i o n s , makes some clothes 7. Yes, make a l o t of own clothes, "Wife sews f o r

a l l our daughters," etc. 8. Yes, g i f t s of c l o t h i n g , clothes sewn by

someone else (outside FU) NOTE: This i s not the highest p r i o r i t y code. Place lower than 1.

9. N.A.

Neighborhood CODE THE LOWEST NUMBER OF ANY BOX CHECKED

0. Vacant land 1. T r a i l e r 2. Detached single-family house 3. (2-family house, 2 uni t s side by side

(2-family house, 2 uni t s one above the other 4. (Detached 3-4 family house

(Row house - 3 or more un i t s i n an attached row 5. Apartment house (5 or more u n i t s , 3 stories or less) 6. Apartment house (5 or more u n i t s , 4 stories or more) 7. Apartment i n a p a r t l y commercial structure 8. Wholly commercial or i n d u s t r i a l s t r u c t u r e 9. Other, or N.A.

-327-

Variable Tape Number Location Description

254 450 Did you (HEAD) r e c e i v e any other income i n 1967 from: Farming or market gardening, roomers or boarders?

255 451

256 452

95.7 0. None 1.3 1. $1-499 0.9 2. $500-999 0.8 3. $1000-1999 0.3 4. $2000-2999 0.2 5. $3000-4999 0.1 6. $5000-7499 0.0 7. $7500-9,999 0.0 8. $10,000 or more 0.7 9. N.A.

100.0

Dividends, i n t e r e s t

64.1 0. None 19.0 1. $1-499 5.2 2. $500-999 4.5 3. $1000-1999 1.5 4. $2000-2999 1.3 5. $3000-4999 0.5 6. $5000-7499 0.3 7. $7500-9,999 0.5 8. $10,000 or more 2.9 9. N.A.

99.8

ADC , ADCU?

97.8 0. None 0.3 1. $1-499 0.4 2. $500-999 0.6 3. $1000-1999 0.4 4. $2000-2999 0.3 5. $3000-4999 0.1 6. $5000-7499 0.0 7. $7500-9,999 0.0 8. $10,000 or more 0.2 9. N.A.

100.1

-328-

Variable Tape Number Location Description

257 453 Did you (HEAD) receive any other Income i n 1967 from:

Other welfare?

96.4 0. 0.7 1. 0.6 2; 1.1 3. 0.2 4. 0.2 5. 0.0 6. 0.0 7. 0.0 8. 0.7 9. 99.9

None $1-499 $500-999 $1000-1999 $2000-2999 $3000-4999 $5000-7499 $7500-9,999 $10,000 or more

N.A.

258 454 Social Security?

82.1 0. None 1.6 1. $1-499 5.5 2. $500-999 7.6 3. $1000-1999 1.6 4. $2000-2999 0.5 5. $3000-4999 0.0 6. $5000-7499 0.0 7. $7500-9,999 0.0 8. $10,000 or more 1.1 9. N.A.

100.0

259 455 Other retirement pay, pensions, annuities?

88.1 0. None 2.0 1. $1-499 2.8 2. $500-999 3.2 3. $1000-1999 1.2 4. $2000-2999 1.3 5. $3000-4999 0.5 6. $5000-7499 0.1 7. $7500-9,999 0.1 8. $10,000 or more 1.0 9. N.A.

100.3

-329-

Varlable Tape Number Location. Description

260 4-56 Did you (HEAD) receive any other income i n 1967 from:

Unemployment or workmen's compensation?

261 457

95.3 0. None 2.5 1. $1-499 1.0 2. $500-999 0.5 3. $1000-1999 0.1 4. $2000-29-99 0.0 5. $3000-4999 0.0 6. $5000-7499 0.0 7. $7500-9,999 0.0 8. $10,000 or more 0.6 9. N.A.

100.0

Alimony, c h i l d supp<

97.3 0. None 0.4 1. $1-499 0.6 2. $500-999 0.5 3. $1000-1999 0.4 4. $2000-2999 0.1 5. $3000-4999 0.0 6. $5000-7499 0.0 7. $7500-9,999 0.0 8. $10,000 or more 0.6 9. N.A. 99.9

262 458 Help from r e l a t i v e s ?

94.6 0. None 2.2 1. $1-499 1.0 2. $500-999 0.9 3. $1000-1999 0.3 4. $2000-2999 0.2 5. $3000-4999 0.1 6. $5000-7499 0.0 7. $7500-9,999 0.0 8. $10,000 or more 0.7 9. N.A.

100.0

-330-

Variable Tape Number Location Description

281 477 We're interested i n how people spend t h e i r spare time. What things do you (HEAD) usually do i n your spare time?

Second mention to above question 24.6 0. Nothing. Have no spare time, j u s t s i t 14.0 1. Watch TV, other passive things 37.2 2. Drive the car, t a l k w i t h neighbors, play cards,

walk, read, f i s h , do flower gardening 17.3 3. Energetic a c t i v i t i e s r e q u i r i n g i n i t i a t i v e :

sports, active hobbies, bowling, t e n n i s , hunting, square dancing

5.9 4. Productive a c t i v i t i e s ( t h a t save money or produce di r e c t service: having vegetable garden, working around house)

0.1 5. Investment i n s e l f : learning new t h i n g s , things t h a t may ben e f i t one economically

0.2 7. Other 0.7 9. N.A.

100.0

339 608 Bkt. V81 To t a l 1967 Family Money Income

0.5 0. None 2.0 1. $1-499 7.5 2. $500-999 8.0 3. $1000-1999 7.4 4. $2000-2999 6.6 5. $3000-4999

19.5 6. $5000-7499 16.7 7. $7500-9,999 20.8 8. $10,000 or more 11.1 9. N.A.

100.1

-331-

Variable Tape Number Location Description

340 609 Bkt. V322 Total 1967 Family r e a l income

0.1 0. None 1.0 1. $1-499 5.8 2. $500-999 8.2 3. $1000-1999 7.2 4. $2000-2999 6.9 5. $3000-4999

18.4 6. $5000-7499 16.6 7. $7500-9,999 22.3 8. $10,000 or more 13.6 9. N.A.

100.1

341 610 Bkt. V323 Total 1967 Family r e a l income net of earning income

0.1 0. None 1.1 1. $1-499 6.0 2. $500-999 8.6 3. $1000-1999 7.7 4. $2000-2999 8.3 5. $3000-4999

20.9 6. $5000-7499 18.5 7. $7500-9,999 20.1 8. $10,000 or more 8.8 9. N.A.

100.1

342 611 Bkt. V323 Total '67 Family r e a l income net of coats of earning and net of housing costs

1.6 0. None 4.0 1. $1-499 9.4 2. $500-999 8.3 3. $1000-1999 9.1 4. $2000-2999 9.4 5. $3000-4999

23.1 6. $5000-7499 17.2 7. $7500-9,999 12.8 a. $10,000 or more 5.1 9. N.A.

100.0

-332-

Variable Tape Number Location Description

343 612 Bkt. V328 Family Well-offness index - uses Orshansky r a t i o

1.1 0. None 4.2 1. $1-499 7.4 2. $500-999 9.9 3. $1000-1999 9.6 4. $2000-2999 9.4 5. $3000-4999

13.8 6. $5000-7499 16.7 7. $7500-9999 18.0 8. $10,000 or 10.0 9. N.A.

100.1

344 613 Bkt. V329 Family well-offness index - Uses r a t i o of t o t a l 1967 Family r e a l income net of cost of earning income and net of housing costs to annual family need standard

0.7 0. None 3.1 1. $1-499 6.4 2. $500-999 9.5 3. $1000-1999

10.6 4. $2000-2999 10.3 5. $3000-4999 14.7 6. $5000-7499 18.9 7. $7500-9999 17.3 8. $10,000 or more 8.5 9. N.A.

100.0

345 614 Bkt. V330 Family well-offness index - Uses r a t i o of t o t a l 1967 family r e a l income net of cost of earning net of housing c o s t s to annual family need standard

2.1 0. None 5.7 1. $1-499 8.3 2. $500-999

10.9 3. $1000-1999 11.1 4. $2000-2999 10.8 5. $3000-4999 13.0 6. $5000-7499 14.9 7. $7500-9999 13.9 8. $10,000 or more 9.1 9. N.A.

99.8

-333-

Variable Tape Number Location Description

346 615 Bkt. V331 Total 1967 Family contractual payments

13.1 0. None 19.8 1. $1-499 30.9 2. $500-999 20.6 3. $1000-1999 10.0 4. $2000-2999 4.1 5. $3000-4999 1.4 6. $5000-7499 0.2 7. $7500-9999 0.0 8. $10,000 or more 0.0 9. N.A.

100.1

347 616 Bkt. V332 To t a l 1967 Family f i x e d expenditures

1.1 0. None 4.7 1. $1-499

14.0 2. $500-999 14.4 3. $1000-1999 16.8 4. $2000-2999 13.4 5. $3000-4999 24.0 6. $5000-7499 7.9 7. $7500-9999 2.9 8. $10,000 or more 0.7 9. N.A.

99.9

348 617 Bkt. V333 Total 1967 Family uncommitted money income

14.7 0. None 7.2 1. $1-499

13.5 2. $500-999 12.9 3. $1000-1999 13.1 4. $2000-2999 9.5 5. $3000-4999

16.0 6. $5000-7499 6.7 7. $7500-9999 4.3 8. $10,000 or more 2.0 9. N.A.

99.9

-334-

Variable Tape Number Location Description

378 654 Bkt. Hourly wage of Jobs not Worth Taking -Head (V238)

96.2 0. Inap., question not asked 0.4 1. $.01-.99 0.7 2. $1.00-1-49 0.3 3. $1.50-1.99 0.1 4. $2.00-2.49 0.1 5. $2.50-2.99 0.1 6. $3.00-3.99 0.1 7. $4.00-5.99 0.0 8. $6.00 or more 2.0 9. N.A.

100.0

380 656 Bkt. Age of head at B i r t h of F i r s t Child (V138)

0.7 1. Under 16 2.3 2. 16-17 6.1 3. 18-19 11.7 4. 20-21 25.8 5. 22-25 19.0 6. 26-30 9.6 7. 31-39 2.4 8. 40 or older 1.8 9. N.A.

20.5 0. Inap., not married 99.9

384 662 Employment Problems of Head

Score Values 48.4 0 23.1 1 20.0 2 6.3 3 1.7 4 0.5 5 0.1 6 0.0 7 0.0 8 0.0 9

100.1

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Variable Tape Number Location Description

385 663 Background Problems of Head

Score Values 25.7 0 41.2 1 26.3 2 6.3 3 0.4 4 0.0 5 0.0 6 0.0 7 0.0 8 0.0 9

99.9

386 664 Current Handicaps of Head

Score Values 28.3 0 35.6 1 19.8 2 10.3 3 4.0 4 1.6 5 0.3 6 0.1 7 0.0 8 0.0 9

100.0

387 665 Housing Quality (Dwelling Unit and Neighborhood.) Score Values

0.0 0 0.0 1 0.8 2 3.7 3 9.4 4 17.0 5 18.2 6 17.9 7 22.5 8 10.4 9 99.9

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Variable Tape Number Location Description

388 666 Sense of Efficacy Score Values

2.9 0 2.0 1 7.1 2 7.4 3

10.4 4 14.9 5 12.9 6 17.0 7 11.2 8 14.2 9 100.0

389 667 Trust i n Others Score Values

1.5 0 9.4 1

16.4 2 24.8 3 26.0 4 16.3 5 5.6 6 0.0 7 0.0 8 0.0 9

100.0

390 668 Ambition (Verbal a s p i r a t i o n expressed)

Score Values 0.0 0 8.9 1 13.7 2 15,6 3 17.9 4 17.6 5 12.7 6 7.8 7 3.7 8 2.3 9

100.2

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Variable Tape Number Location Description

391 669 Expressed Horizon

Score Values 0.0 0 0.8 1 4.7 2

19.0 3 38.1 4 19.9 5 13.1 6 3.7 7 0.6 8 0.1 9

100.0

392 670 Self-Reported Horizon

Score Values 7.1 0 4.5 1

16.8 2 8.3 3

21.9 4 9.6 5

16.9 6 6.7 7 8.2 8 0.0 9

100.0

393 671 Connectedness to p o t e n t i a l sources of help

Score Values 0.2 0 0.7 1 2.3 2 6.0 3

11.5 4 20.1 5 23.9 6 19.8 7 10.5 8 5.0 9

100.0

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V a r i a b l e Tape Number Location Description

394 672 Money Earning Acts (Current money earning behaviors)

Score Values 0.3 0 9.5 1

14.8 2 9.0 3

21.0 4 23.1 5 14.9 6 5.6 7 1.6 8 0.3 9

100.1

395 673 Real Earning Acts (non-money, or investment for future

Score Values

19.7 0 28.3 1 27.6 2 14.5 3 6.6 4 2.4 5 0.7 6 0.1 7 0.0 8 0.0 9

99.9

396 674 Economizing

Score Values

0.3 0 1.9 1 5.0 2

11.8 3 19.0 4 18.4 5 16.7 6 14.5 7 9.7 8 2.7 9

100.0

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Variable Tape Number Location

397 675

0.0 0.6 1.5 2.7

10.4 17.7 27.7 21.4 12.9 5.0

Description

Risk Avoidance

Score Values 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

99.9

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1968 I n d i v i d u a l Tape Code

Each record on t h i s f i l e contains information about each

i n d i v i d u a l i n the sample, i . e . , each family member, regardless of age,

who was l i v i n g w i th the sample family at the time of the interview.

Records are also included f o r family members l i v i n g at the sample dwelling,

b u t who, at the time of the interview, were re s i d i n g i n i n s t i t u t i o n a l

quarters.

The f i r s t 439 variables on t h i s tape are i d e n t i c a l to the f i r s t

439 variables on the family tape, which contains only one record per family;

b u t t h i s tape contains an a d d i t i o n a l t h i r t e e n variables that are unique to

the p a r t i c u l a r i n d i v i d u a l i n the family. L i s t e d below are variables that

are only on the i n d i v i d u a l tape - r e f e r to the family tape for a description

o f variables 1-439.

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V a r i a b l e Tape Number Location Description

440 749-750 I n d i v i d u a l i d e n t i f i c a t i o n number

01 = Head 02-49 Other family members i n dwelling 51 Child under 25 l i v i n g away from home i n

army, school, or i n s t i t u t i o n a l housing 52 Second c h i l d under 25 l i v i n g away

e t c . 59 Ninth such c h i l d 61 Husband i n array, j a i l , or other i n s t i t u t i o n 71 Husband separated, r e s i d i n g with another

family or located i n another dwelling 81 Husband or other family member deceased

between 1967 and 1968

441 751-752 Age of i n d i v i d u a l

01. One .or under 02 Two

etc. 98 Ninety-eight or older 99 N.A.

442 753 (B2 or B7) Sex of i n d i v i d u a l

1. Male 2. Female 9. N.A.

443 754 (B2 or B7) I n d i v i d u a l ' s r e l a t i o n to Head of family

1. Head 2. Wife 3. Son or daughter 4. Brother or s i s t e r 5. Father or mother 6. Grandchild, n i e c e , nephew, other r e l a t i v e s

under 18 7. Other, including in-laws, other adult r e l a t i v e s 8. Husband of head not i n DU; deceased FU member 9- N-.A.

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Variable Tape Number Location Description

444 755 B3 or B9 I n school now? (Whether i n d i v i d u a l i n school at time of interview)

1. Yes (Includes college, trade school) 5. No 9. N.A.

445 756-757 B4 or BIO Year of academic school completed by i n d i v i d u a l ( i f not s t i l l i n school at time of interview)

00 Pre-school; s t i l l i n school

01 One year

16 College graduate

99 N.A.

446 758 whether i n d i v i d u a l moved i n t o DU during year preceding 1968 interview Bll-12 Has anyone moved i n t o your household i n

the l a s t year? ( I f yes) Who moved in?

1. I n d i v i d u a l moved I n during year preceding interview

0. I n d i v i d u a l l i v e d I n dwelling f o r a year or more preceding interview

447 759 Type of Income received by I n d i v i d u a l J18, J21 Was that from wages, a pension, a business, i n t e r e s t or what? What was that from?

I f Wife: 110 (pl8) I f Head: J8-11 (p20-21)

0. I n d i v i d u a l received no income i n 1967 1. Earnings from work, business, farm 2. Transfer income only ( s o c i a l s e c u r i t y , pension,

welfare, unemployment compensation, alimony) 3. Asset income only ( r e n t , i n t e r e s t , dividends,

r o y a l t i e s ) 4. More than one of the above types 9. N.A.

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V a r i a b l e Tape Number Location Description

448 760-763 J19 1967 T o t a l money income of I n d i v i d u a l ( I n D o l l a r s )

0000 I n d i v i d u a l received no income i n 1967 9998 $9998 or more 9999 N.A.

449 764-767 J23-24 Hours worked for Money by I n d i v i d u a l i n 1967

0000 I n d i v i d u a l did not work for money i n 1967 0940 940 hours 9999 N.A.

450 768 Whether I n d i v i d u a l shares i n Family's Expenses J26 Does (he/she) share i n the family's

expenses, or what?

1. Yes, shares 3. Yes, shares but q u a l i f i e d (a l i t t l e ) ( l e s s

than $10 a week) 5. No 9. N.A. 0. Inap., i n d i v i d u a l received no income i n 1967

451 769 Whether I n d i v i d u a l l i k e l y to move from DU J27 I s (he/she) l i k e l y to stay here with you or

might (he/she) move away within the next few years?

1. Yes, w i l l stay here 3. Pro-con, depends ( W i l l go to college) 5. W i l l move away 8. D.K. 9. N.A. 0. Inap., no income

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Variable Number

Tape Location Description

452 770 Extra earner number

Other earners (other than Head or wife) have been numbered i n order by amount of earned income i n ascending order w i t h the earner having the largest income receiving the lowest number

1. Other w i t h highest earned income 2. Other w i t h 2nd highest income 3. etc.

0. I n d i v i d u a l received no income i n 1967; or i n d i v i d u a l i s Head or w i f e