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A6000E User handbook
A6000 Electric
MAE Molisana Apparecchiature Elettroniche srl - www.mae-srl.it Page 2/32
A6000E
Copyright All rights reserved. No part of this handbook may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed or translated into another language, without Mae prior written permission. Mae reserves the right to modify this publication without giving public notice. Disclaimer The continuous improvement of the product by the engineering may create discrepancies with what is specified in this document. All data should be considered as purely indicative, MAE reserves the right to change the products without giving any public notice. All brands mentioned are trademarks of their respective companies.
REVISION DATE
1.0 June 2010
A6000 Electric
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A6000E
M u l t i - e l e c t r o d e
p r o s p e c t i n g
USER HANDBOOK
A6000 Electric
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Index
WARNINGS AND RESPONSABILITIES ........................................................................................................ 6
Chapter 1. GETTING STARTED ...................................................................................................................... 7
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 7
SPECIFICATIONS ........................................................................................................................................ 8
Chapter 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT AND ITS ACCESSORIES...................................................... 9
INTRODUCTION TO THE INSTRUMENT ..................................................................................................... 9
CONNECTIONS FOR THE MEASUREMENTS ............................................................................................ 10
POWER SUPPLY BOX ............................................................................................................................... 11
AIR INLET ................................................................................................................................................ 12
TURNING ON AND OFF THE INSTRUMENT ............................................................................................. 12
CONNECTION BETWEEN THE INSTRUMENT AND THE BOX16 ............................................................... 13
Connection scheme for measurements by the geo-electrical cable. ..................................................... 14
Connection scheme for the V.E.S. measurements ................................................................................. 15
Chapter 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING ........................................................................................ 16
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS ................................................................................................................... 16
The instrument can perform both vertical and multi-electrode surveys. All information acquired. i.e.
the resistivity map, can be then elaborated by a proper software, so that to determine the substratum
stratigraphy. ........................................................................................................................................... 16
USING THE GRAPHIC INTERFACE ............................................................................................................ 16
In order to start using the pen, a proper keyboard is available on the screen; it simulates the function
of a normal keyboard. ............................................................................................................................ 16
The procedure is as follows: ................................................................................................................... 16
- place the cursor where you want to start typing; ................................................................................ 16
- touch the icon Keyboard on screen at the bottom part of the screen; ............................................... 16
- in the window displayed, touch the keys corresponding to the letters to be typed; .......................... 16
- iconize the window Keyboard on screen. ............................................................................................ 16
If the icon Keyboard on screen is not present, it is possible to activate it from the Start menu as any
normal application.................................................................................................................................. 16
In order to avoid the automatic iconization of the window Keyboard on screen when pressing a single
button, it is possible to select the function Always on top from the menu Settings of this window. ... 16
ACCESSORIES .......................................................................................................................................... 17
MAIN MENU ........................................................................................................................................... 18
CONFIGURATION .................................................................................................................................... 19
CONFIGURATION .................................................................................................................................... 20
A6000 Electric
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ELECTRODES TEST ................................................................................................................................... 21
MULTI-ELECTRODE MEASUREMENTS ..................................................................................................... 22
MULTI-ELECTRODE MEASUREMENTS ..................................................................................................... 23
MULTI-ELECTRODE MEASUREMENTS ..................................................................................................... 24
SAVING DATA .......................................................................................................................................... 25
VERTICAL ELECTRIC SURVEYS (VES) ........................................................................................................ 26
INPUT CHARTS ........................................................................................................................................ 27
A6000 Electric
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WARNINGS AND RESPONSABILITIES
- Avoid heavy pressures on the touch screen monitor
- Avoid contact with water of the connectors, the instrument and the multi-electrode box unit.
- If the software finds an error in the box setting, please check the state of the protective fuse which could
blow-up if in case of incorrect actions of the user (inversion of electrodes, attempts to over energize low -
resistance fields, etc..)
- MAE Ltd disclaims any responsibility for any malfunction of the instrument, resulting from its misuse.
- The compromise of any constituent part of the instrument means the loss of warranty.
- It is suggested to have always with you, especially in not very equipped workplaces (e.g. open fields,
garbage dumps, etc..), both mouse and keyboard, in order to know what to do in case the touch screen
doesn’t work. This could easily happen in case the instrument is subjected to sharp mechanical swings or
in case of soil, mud, dust or several residues on its surface.
A6000 Electric
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Chapter 1. GETTING STARTED
INTRODUCTION
M.A.E. A6000E is a compact and versatile instrument designed to perform surveys on the resistivity and
chargeability of the ground.
The purpose of this handbook is however to provide instructions for a correct usage of the instrument,
without giving specific details as far as the theory of the analysis and the interpretation of the acquired
results are concerned.
As far as the usage of the instrument is concerned it is important to clear that it has been significantly
simplified. All this thanks to the focused choice of the graphic interface and to the touch-screen system,
which allows a more immediate interaction with the screen.
The final user must have a good familiarity with Microsoft Windows© XP and with the general usage of
files and peripherals in a modern personal computer.
A6000 Electric
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SPECIFICATIONS
- Instrument for multi-electrode prospecting measurements, mod. M.A.E. A6000E
- Measurable parametres: apparent resistivity, spontaneous power (SP), induced polarization (IP)
- Internal generator with a power of 60W
- Generated voltage 50V, 100V, 250V, 500V
- Maximum output current 2 A
- External energizer with AC/DC converter, powered by an external generator with power from 0
to 800 W
- Resolution 38 mA and 16 mV
- Power meter from 0V to 50V with autorange
- Input impedance of the potentiometer 1 MW
- Automatic trade-off of the spontaneous energy
- Test of the contact resistance of the single electrodes from 0,1 to 1000 KW
- Acquisition of IP and resistivity values
- Energizing by internal PC with times of 100 ms and beyond
- Management of the measures by internal PC with the possibility of changing the acquiring
system and to display the measures carried out
A6000 Electric
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Chapter 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT AND ITS
ACCESSORIES
INTRODUCTION TO THE INSTRUMENT
Picture 1. A6000-E panel
The following elements can be found on the front panel of the instrument
1) TFT colour display for an immediate efficiency and a high visibility in any condition of usage;
2) Power supply indicator. This led will always be on during the functioning of the instrument.
3) General switch.
4) Indicator of the hard disk functioning. In absence of this device, the led will result off in the normal
functioning of the instrument;
5) VGA connector to eventually display on an external monitor.
6) RJ45 connector to eventually connect the instrument to a LAN network or to exchange data
7) USB interface to connect external devices and particularly to store data on a memory.
1
2
3
4 5 6 7
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CONNECTIONS FOR THE MEASUREMENTS
All connectors are located on the A6000-E panel (picture 2), where you can find:
1) Connector A for the energizer output.
2) Connector B for the energizer output;
3) Connector M for the input of the power meter;
4) Connector N for the input of the power meter;
5) VEAM 10 poles connector to connect the box and the eventual external power generator
(optional).
6) Connector VEAM 12 poles for eventually connecting an external power generator (optional).
7) Connector VEAM 19 poles for connecting the purex cable made up of 16 outputs with settable
interspace 1-16.
8) Connector VEAM 19 poles for connecting the purex cable made up of 16 outputs with settable
interspace 17-32.
9) Protective fuse container of A3.15F for the CPU.
10) Protective fuse container of A 3.15T for internal generator.
11) Connector VEAM 12V for the power supply of the instrument.
Picture 2.A6000-E panel
1
2
3
4
5 6
8
7
10 9 11
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POWER SUPPLY BOX
The power supply unit for A6000E is located within a comfortable and anti-crush case, which also
protects connectors from dust and dirt.
Picture 3. Power supply unit and battery recharger.
The panel includes:
1) Jack connection for the external automatic battery charger;
2) 6,3A protective fuse;
3) 12V VEAM connector used for the power of A6000E (by the cable supplied) or for the connection to an
external source (by the proper cable);
4) 12V VEAM connector used for the power of A6000E (by the cable supplied) or for the connection to an
external source (by the proper cable);
5) External battery charger.
The external battery charger supplied provides for both recharging and state of the battery, by indicating
the various phases, thanks to a multicoloured led. Therefore, considering that, if not-working for long, the
led batteries modify their own functioning in a irreversible way, it is suggested to always keep the charger
connected to the box.
1
2
3
4 5
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AIR INLET
The two side panels of the instrument are provided with air vents for the air passage (picture 3), which is
necessary to cool the internal circuits. Avoid the obstruction of these vents in order not to eventually
damage the instrument because of an overheating.
Picture 4. Air vents on A6000E side panel
TURNING ON AND OFF THE INSTRUMENT
Connect the power cable supplied to the power supply box and to the connector on A3000E front panel,
labelled as 12V (connector 12 in picture 1). The instrument is supplied with a protection switch to prevent
any eventual accidental manouvre. After a few seconds you will hear an acoustic signal indicating that
WINDOWS EMBEDDED is loading. Few minutes later the software will be loaded and the main manu will
be displayed. The instrument must be turned off as any standard PC: START, CLOSE SESSION,
SYSTEM SHUT DOWN and then switch it off.
A6000 Electric
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CONNECTION BETWEEN THE INSTRUMENT AND THE BOX16
For the vertical electrical or quadru-pole survey the only A6000E component is sufficient, thanks to the
connectors placed on the panel (page.3.2 sections 1,2,3,4). For the multi-electrode measurements it is
necessary to connect the cables to the connectors (see page. 3.2 sections 7,8). Each of them has 16
plugs and can be connected to a maximum of 32 electrodes. By using the optional Box 16 it is also
possible to expand it according to the quantity of electrodes you intend to use (from 16 to 256), which
must be connected one to each other; the first one must be connected to the instrument, the second to
the first one, the third to the second one and so on. The stainless steel electrodes must be inserted in the
ground and connected to the proper box by the cables supplied, which can be found on the proper cable
coils.
Picture 6. Accessories for the measurements
1) Box 16 used to expand to 16 electrodes
2) Purex cable with settable distance among the geophones
3) Stainless steel electrode
4) Connector to be inserted on the plug on the instrument panel or on the multi-electrode box.
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Connection scheme for measurements by the geo-electrical cable.
In order to take measurements with constant interspace among the electrodes, it is convenient to use the
disposition of the seismic geophonic cable; in other words a cable which connects to the connector 1-16;
to connect further 16 electrodes it is necessary to use the other cable which connects to the connector
17-32 and which ensures the electrical connections of the 16-32 electrodes during the assemblage
phase. The connection scheme for the measurement is as follows:
Picture 7. Connection scheme for the measurement.
A6000 Electric
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Connection scheme for the V.E.S. measurements
For the quadru-pole measures the following configuration must be used:
A6000 Electric
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Chapter 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
The instrument can perform both vertical and multi-electrode surveys. All information acquired. i.e. the
resistivity map, can be then elaborated by a proper software, so that to determine the substratum
stratigraphy.
USING THE GRAPHIC INTERFACE
As previously explained, the instrument’s operating system is Microsoft Windows©. All operations can be
carried out in a very intuitive way and simply by touching the screen with the pen replacing the mouse,
normally used with desk Pcs. Nevertheless, it is advisable to briefly get practice in using the touch-screen
interface before seriously working with the instrument.
In order to start using the pen, a proper keyboard is available on the screen; it simulates the function of a
normal keyboard.
The procedure is as follows:
- place the cursor where you want to start typing;
- touch the icon Keyboard on screen at the bottom part of the screen;
- in the window displayed, touch the keys corresponding to the letters to be typed;
- iconize the window Keyboard on screen.
If the icon Keyboard on screen is not present, it is possible to activate it from the Start menu as any
normal application.
In order to avoid the automatic iconization of the window Keyboard on screen when pressing a single
button, it is possible to select the function Always on top from the menu Settings of this window.
If necessary it will always be possible anyway to connect a mouse and/or a keyboard through the USB
entry on the front panel of the instrument.
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ACCESSORIES
The instrument is supplied with a control of temperature and processor’s voltage and a control of the
battery charge. If one of the parametres controlled exceeds the limits which ensure the correct functioning
of the instrument, you will hear a repeated acoustic signal. In this case you will need to verify the charge
of the battery, in order to eventually substitute it. The use of the touch screen allows you to simulate the
pressure of the mouse right key in order to perform all operations which require it. For this purpose a little
icon is present on the application bar.
To click with the right key:
o Activate the utility window touching the icon on the application bar or, if not there, from the
Windows START menu.
o Touch the mouse image displayed. From this moment on the mouse right key is active instead of
the left-one usually used.
o Click on the point desired.
o The left key will be automatically reactivated once clicked on the right key
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MAIN MENU
Once turned on the instrument, after a few seconds necessary for the operating system to get loaded
and for the peripherals’ initialization, the screen displays the menu in Picture 1.
.
Picture 1. Main menu.
This allows to display the different sections the software is made up of:
- MULTI-ELECTRODE MEASUREMENTS
it activates the panel to start a new survey, using a multi-electrode configuration, that can be chosen
among all the installed- ones;
- VERTICAL SURVEY
It activates the panel to start a new VES survey with a four-electrode configuration;
- ELECTRODES TEST
It starts the procedure to verify the electrodes connections and to set the multi-electrode configuration;
- CONFIGURATION
It displays the configuration options and allows to modify it;
- OPEN FILES
It allows to open a file with the measures previously saved;
- EXIT
It allows to quit the A6000E control program and to turn off the instrument. It is possible to use it as
a normal PC, but this is advised to the only experts, so that to avoid to modify the configuration and then
to limit its functionality
A6000 Electric
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CONFIGURATION
Before taking the measures it is necessary to configure the instrument, according to the accessories
supplied and to the type of survey to be performed.
Picture 2. Configuration window.
First of all, in 'Box to use’ tick the boxes you intend to use. If necessary you can skip one or more ofthem,
but this will cause a scrolling in the electrodes numbers. If for instance you select just no. 2, 3and 4,
electrode no. 9 will become no. 1, no. 10 will become no. 2 and so on up to no.32 which willbecome no.
24. Switching boxes are necessary just for the multi-electrode measurements..
Each measure is carried out by the instrument, which first inputs a polarity and then the opposite one, in
order to reduce to minimum the electrodes polarization. In the ‘Energizing Diagram’ it is possible to set
the input times and the pause between one energizing and the other. To modify it move the cursor to one
of the vertical features of the diagram and drag it to the left/right side. Times displayed in Picture 2
represent the standard- ones, suitable to most of the situations.
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CONFIGURATION
Furthermore, for each electrode configuration, it is possible to repeat the measure from 1 to 10 times and
to use the average of the values obtained as result. Set 'Average on Iterations' on the desired value. If at
least two iterations are required, a standard deviation will be indicated at the end of each measure.
If you select ‘measure just the spontaneous potentials’ no current will be generated and only potential and
spontaneous values measured for each electrode will be registered.
By selecting ‘Charging measure’ you can perform at the same time both resistance and charging (induced
polarization) measurements. Since to determine this parameter, the sampling of the power curve after an
energization is required, the times of the energization diagram will be increased (if necessary) in order to
allow a correct sampling. The consequence of this increase is that it also raises the length of the survey
itself.
The instrument has a high voltage generator that can be set between 50 and 500 Volt and a nominal
power of 60 Watt, which is sufficient enough for surveys on surfaces of hundreds metres. In order to face
more challenging situations, the instrument is supported by an external generator with an approximate
power of 800 Watt. To use this accessory and disable the internal generator, it is necessary to highlight
the box 'use external generator'.
The setting 'mimimum current (mA)' determines the current value that the instrument will have to reach,
by gradually increasing the voltage among the electrodes A and B and before saving the measure. The
most commonly used values are between 50 and 150 mA. To get more intensive currents in places where
the resistance is relatively high, it could be necessary to use an external generator, because the voltage
created between A and B, and the one of the current among the electrodes themselves (DV*I) must not
exceed the nominal power of the generator.
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ELECTRODES TEST
This function must be activated when you are about to perform multi-electrode surveys, in order to verify
the connections among the electrodes and their correct position into the ground.
This test consists in letting the current run between each electrode and its following-one and, once
measured, it calculates the contact resistance between the two electrodes. During the test, all the
electrodes correctly connected are represented in blue and the electrical resistance measured is
displayed. Non-connected electrodes are represented in red, instead. In the example in picture 3,
electrode no. 7 is insulated, while all the others have an approximate 1 kOhm. contact resistance.
Picture 3. Test result.
If it's necessary to reconnect an electrode, please make sure that the test has ended, in order to
avoid the danger of any eventual shock.
Once the test has ended it is possible to save all data in a file, simply by pressing the key ‘SAVE'.
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MULTI-ELECTRODE MEASUREMENTS
In order to perform tomographic surveys it is necessary to choose which mode to use. Several
configurations are already present in the instrument and they are named according to the device and to
the number of electrodes. For example the one selected in picture 4 is a dipole – dipole sequence for 32
electrodes. See the chapter 'Input charts' for instructions on the way to create some new configurations or
to modify the ones already exsisting or create some new.
Picture 4. Choose the configuration.
By clicking on the button ‘Open’, the instrument loads the selected chart and it requires to insert
the distances between the two consecutive electrodes of the cable.
Picture 5. Electrodes interspace.
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MULTI-ELECTRODE MEASUREMENTS
While loading, a series of tests on configurations is carried out in order to verify the formal accuracy.
For the automatic calculation of the geometric coefficient (used to determine the resistance) it is important
that all electrodes are equally distant and correctly lined up.
Picture 6. Measure chart.
As represented in picture 6, a progressive number is assigned to each measure and all
electrodes used are displayed. The following results will be displayed:
input current (I in mA);
energy measured between M and N (V in mV);
spontaneous energy, measured immediately before the energization and already subtracted by
the V measure;
calculated apparent resistance (r in Ohm x metro);
standard deviation of the sampling;
charging (M in msec), if activated in the configuration
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MULTI-ELECTRODE MEASUREMENTS
It is advisable to test some measures before starting the full sequence. For this purpose, click on the
correspondent line in the chart. The arrow on the left of the screen indicates the selected measure. Press
then the key 'Single measure'. In boxes “I:” and “V:” current and power values (measured every moment)
are displayed, while the indicator below lights up in red every time the voltage generator is active. After a
few seconds the selected line is updated with the result. It is possible to estimate the quality of the
acquisition by the resistance measure. Results of 5-10% are considered as normal. If you read very low V
values (e.g. 1-2 mV or less) it could be necessary to return to the configuration (press the button 'Exit')
and to increase the minimum current requested by about ten Milliampère.
Once you have finished to verify the settings, select the first measure (non-acquired) and press the button
'sequence start'. After a request of confirmation, the instrument will elaborate all measures in the chart. If
necessary, it is possible to interrupt the sequence by pressing the button 'Interrupt'. In that case the
instrument will end up the eventual measure in progress and it will await any further instruction from the
user.
After interrupting the sequence it is important to save the acquired data on the internal memory of the
instrument or on the USB pen-drive supplied. Press then the key 'Save'. Picture 7 will be displayed to
insert some information during the elaboration phase. The space among the electrodes will be the one
already indicated, while the configuration type must be manually set again. This is particularly important
when you intend to export data directly in the .dat format used in the version RES2INV of Geotomo
software, because the internal code of the format changes according to the configuration types.
Picture 7. Information
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SAVING DATA
By pressing the button OK a window will be displayed. It is the one that allows you to assign the name
and to define the format of the file. (pict. 8).
Picture 8. Saving window.
As you can see, it is possible to select five different formats. Anyway, it is advisable to save in the format
'tab-separated values' (tsv extension), which saves all values displayed in the chart and which allows to
save the file on the instrument itself. In order to directly use the file created by RES2DINV, it is necessary
to re enter the saving function and choose the DAT format. This format saves only the values of apparent
resistivity and the coordinates of the measure points.
Other formats allow to load data in such formats as “Microsoft Excel”.
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VERTICAL ELECTRIC SURVEYS (VES)
The procedures to perform one-dimensional geo-electrical surveys are very similar to the ones described
in the previous chapter. It is needed, in this case as well, to load a configuration chart (file with SEV
extension), as indicated in the picture below, which contains the semi-distances among the current
electrodes (A-B) and the ones among the power electrodes (M-N). Electrodes must be lined up, along an
arbitrary straight direction and possibly advantage the minimum slope direction. The correspondent
geometric coefficient K is automatically calculated.
The electrical current (I) is applied to electrodes A and B and the potential (V) is measured between the
electrodes M and N. Measures refer to the vertical passing through the centre of the electrodes’
symmetry P, which has to remain unaltered during all the measures. The resistivity ρ is calculated
through the following relation:
Picture 9. Schlumberger measures chart.
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The main difference compared to the multi-electrode measures is that electrodes must be manually
moved from one acquisition to the other, following the instructions indicated in the chart.
Once the P reference point and the direction d have been fixed on the ground, in order to take a
measurement it’s necessary to:
- select the corresponding line of the chart;
- connect the electrodes though the cable coils, according to the scheme on page 11;
- position the electrodes respectively to distances AB/2 and MN/2 indicated in the line selected as regards
of the point P and along the direction d. For instance, for the measure selected in picture 9, it is
necessary to position electrodes M and N at 0.5 m distant from P and A and B at 2 m distant from P.
- press the button ‘Single measure’ and await until the measure is completed.
On pressing the button ”start sequence' the instrument will start measuring and will stop and wait for the
electrodes to be moved. Then it will proceed with the next measure an so on till the end of the process.
For safety reasons, before moving the electrodes, it is important to be sure that the instrument has
previously disabled the high voltage generator.
At the end of the measures it’s possible to save data in both formats .tsv and .dat. The file saved in this
last format can be used directly for the elaboration with the RES1D freeware program, which can be
downloaded from the link http://www.geoelectrical.com/r1d.zip and where all instructions for use can be
found.
Of course it is possible to take measures with distances different from the ones indicated in the
Schlumberger.sev chart. For this purpose it is necessary to prepare a different chart.
INPUT CHARTS
The purpose of the input charts is to program the sequence of the measures to be performed for the geo
electrical prospection of a site. It is possible to set up and use A6000-E as a classic instrument (SEV),
with just two electrodes of current (A and B) and two of power (M ed N), or as multi-electrode, when
connected to one or more expansion box units. Every expansion box unit allows you to connect sixteen
electrodes, which can be set either as current or potential electrodes. Eight electrodes can be connected
to each of them and can be configured as current or power electrodes. At the moment three types of
charts are supported and some examples can be found in the instrument’s folders
'C:\programmi\A6000E\dispositivi' and 'C:\programmi\A6000E\SEV':
a) Schlumberger.sev chart (classic SEV)
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The chart simply consists of a list of values pairs, which, as indicated above, respectively represent the
semi-distances among power and current electrodes. The calculus of the geometric coefficient K,
necessary to determine the apparent resistance (ra), will be automatically calculated starting from these
distances, when you are about to take the measure. It is user’s care to ensure the coherent positioning of
the four electrodes, according to the Schlumberger prospecting. The same chart can be also used for a
Wenner quadru-pole cable.
b) Schlumberger-Wenner.sem, Wenner- - - .sem and dipole-dipole.sem (multi-electrode)
These charts are used for surveys with a multi-electrode cable, where electrodes are lined up and placed
at the same distance (named from 1 to n, where n = 8 x, number of box units to use).
A measure will correspond to each line; this will be taken by using the electrodes indicated in each
column. The distance between two consecutive electrodes is requested as parameter when using the
chart itself.
In this case as well, the geometric coefficient Kw will be automatically calculated before taking any
measure, starting from the electrodes setting and from the distance among them.
c) Charts pole-dipole.sev and pole-pole.sev (multi-electrode with infinity electrodes)
The setting of these charts is similar to the one of the previous group. However, as it’s known, in the (S)
pole-pole cable, electrodes B and N (input and measure cathode) must be placed at a distance, which is
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at least 20 times bigger than the one between A and M from S, and not necessarily in line with it. The rule
in this case consists of using always electrode 1 as B and the last of the cable (the 32nd
in the example)
as N. The distances from S are indicated as if these electrodes were in line with the cable: as multiples of
the distance ‘a’. In the example values -19 e 52 indicate a distance 20 times bigger than the one from the
electrode 1 and 32.
In order to fill in the multi-electrode charts on the PC it is possible to use such test editors as Microsoft
Excel or others. The procedure is the following one:
1) Create the file in the following format:
For the ‘b’ and ‘c’ types:
1;4;2;3 1,4,2,3
3;6;4;5 3,6,4,5
4;7;5;6 oppure: 4,7,5,6
5;8;6;7 5,8,6,7
16;19;17;18 16,19,17,18
By indicating, then, in each line the electrodes to be used for the corresponding measure, in the
sequence A, B, M, N.
And for the ‘a’ type:
2.0;0.5 2.0,0.5
4.0;0.5 4.0,0.5
6.0;0.5 oppure: 6.0;0.5
10.0;0.5 10.0;0.5
10.0;1.0 10.0;1.0
2) Save the text document with .sev extension (for ‘a’ type) or .sem (for ‘b’ and ‘c’ types). With Notepad
you need to specify ‘All files’ in the box ‘Save as’, to avoid that the .txt extension is automatically added to
the file’s name.
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