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ARTIST2 - Integrated Modular Avionics A380
A380 Integrated Modular AvionicsThe history, objectives and challenges of the deployment of IMA on A380
ARTIST2 – IMA & ADCN
Presented by
Jean-Bernard ITIERSTP Manager IMAP
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Presentation Topics and Scope
• To explain what IMA is and its background
• To explain how IMA has been deployed on the A380
ADCNModules
• The Future of IMA
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Why IMA?
• Since the A300Increasing number of software controlled systems
– New functionality for performance• Flight management systems• Fuel management systems
– New functionality for improved safety• Flight envelope protection• Ground proximity warning• Traffic collision avoidance
– New functionality for improved maintenance• Aircraft condition monitoring
– New functionality for improved passenger comfort• Cabin environment control
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Why IMA?
• The Indirect ConsequencesEvery system = 1 or more computers / controllersEvery aircraft type = new computersEvery computer =
– Airframer development and management costs• Part number costs• Documentation• More wires• More power• More sources of unreliability• Increased obsolescence risk
– Airline impact• Spares• Tooling• Increased fault finding
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Why IMA? – Traditional LRU
• This implies that quantities of maintenance spares be stored for each fleet at different places.
• During the aircraft life cycle, the cost of modifications, including parts obsolescence mitigation and functional upgrades, becomes even more significant for the airlines.
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Why IMA? – Traditional LRU
• Each computer type is uniquely designed for the system and aircraft
Application software e.g. fuel controlHardware PCBsOperating System
• Manufactured by system supplier
Digital and single wire controlInformation to other computers
• Dedicated wiring for each connection
• 100s km cabling per aircraft
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Number of electronic equipment
80
60
40
20
100
Why IMA?
Functionality(arbitrary log scale)
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995
104
103
102
101
Con
cord
e
A30
0B
2000 2005
A38
0
A31
0
A32
0
A33
0
A34
0-6
00
105
A380 with IMA
Historical background for the emergence of IMA
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Why IMA?
• The responseIntegrated Modular Avionics
– Concept– Not a specific set of technologies or components
Integration = – Multiple systems applications executed on the same computer– Data communications integrated onto a high speed multiplexed
networkModularity =
– A set of standard non system specific computers– Computers that can be configured to provide part of their
resources to a particular system application
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What is IMA?
• IMA Variations / Proprietary Solutions ?Avionics network
– ARINC 429– ARINC 629– AFDX
Avionics computers– Cabinet of modules, backplane, gateways
• Honeywell AIMS– Cabinet of cards
• Honeywell Primus EPIC– Independent modules as LRUs
• Honeywell VIA
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What is IMA?
• Cabinet of modules
• Functionality split between modules:Power Supply Modules, Gateways, Processing, IO
• Inter module communications backplane• ARINC 653 Operating System• Originally ARINC 629• Single supplier …. for everything• Boeing 777
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What is IMA?
• Card File
• Semi open architecture – third party hardware• Processing, IO and gateway cards• Proprietary DEOS Operating System• Proprietary backplane • Business and Regional Jets
Embraer, Raytheon, Dornier
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What is IMA?
• Independent Modules as “LRU”
• Derivative of AIMS – repackagingProvides processing, IO and PSU in one package
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What is A380 IMA?
Since mid 80s the former Airbus partners have done research on IMA for their systems (PACTS, IDEE3, NEVADA, PAMELA, VICTORIA)
– With the objective to merge different system design approaches and different procurement approaches
• Closed loop control systems, data management and processing systems• Safety critical and non safety critical• Software only functions to full multi-domain systems like fuel• Complete design in house, integration of components to fully outsourced
Therefore the IMA solution had to:– Be suitable for different types of systems (I/O needs / Performances /
Safety )– Be suitable for a large number of systems and their suppliers to allow
real competition– Compartmentalised to allow parallel developments to be managed
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« Federatedarchitectures »
LRU « black box »
display
actuators
sensors
LRUssensors
actuators
Multi-transmitterbus network
display
LRU
A629
CABINET
What is A380 IMA?
Integrated Modular Avionics
MODULEAFDX NETWORK
CONCEPTS & TECHNOLOGIES EVOLUTIONSCONCEPTS & TECHNOLOGIES EVOLUTIONS
CDSR2CDSL2
FCGU1AFCGU1BPRIM1
SEC1SFCC1
ADIRU1
FCGU2AFCGU2BPRIM2
SEC2 SFCC2
ADIRU2
FCGU3AFCGU3BPRIM3
SEC3
IOM 1
IOM 3
FM1
EEC2 AB
EEC4 AB
CDSL1
IOM 2
IOM 4
FM2
EEC1AB
EEC3AB
CDSR1CDSC1
CDSC2 CDSR3CDSL3
FM3 ADIRU3 CMV
CPIOM-C1CPIOM-D1
ACR 1
AESU 1
IOM 5
IOM 7
CPIOM-C2
AESU 2
IOM6
IOM 8
CPIOM-F2
CPIOM-F4
CPIOM-G2
CPIOM-G4
CPIOM-E2
SPDB 4
CPIOM-F1
CPIOM-F3
CPIOM-G1
CPIOM-G3
CPIOM-E1
SPDB 1SPDB 3
ECB
SPDB 7
CIDS1SDS1
CPIOM-A2
CPIOM-A3
CPIOM-B2
CPIOM-B3
SPDB 6
SPDB 8
CPIOM-A1CPIOM-A4
CPIOM-B1
CPIOM-B4
CDAM
CIDS1SDS1
OSCU
DSMS
18+2FT
16+2FT
18+2FT
18+2FT
13+1FT
18+2FTSW-11
SW-1
SW-12
SW-2
SW-19
SW-9
SW-14
SW-4
SW-13
SW-3
SPDB 5 SPDB 2
SEPDC1SEPDC2
SW-15
SW-5
SW-17
SW-7
SW-16
SW-6
SCI
15+2FT
15+2FT
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What is A380 IMA? - Airbus Concept
• IMA shared resources are:the avionics communications network: the solution selected is AFDX (Avionics Full Duplex Ethernet), fully compatible with Ethernet network of Open World and based on common switch modulesModules, i.e. Core Processing & Input / Output Modules or CPIOM,Input/ Output Modules or IOM, ,...) for hosting of several applications and signal acquisition/transmission
SWapplicSW
applic
AFDX network
A429,discretes ,analogCPIOM
O/S
IOM
Othersystemsor equipt
Othersystemsor equipt
IOM
28VDC network (Norm / Ess )
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What is A380 IMA? Airbus Concept
• The AIRBUS IMA concept is based on “shared Modules”. A module-focused approached has been preferred compared with the previousconcept of “Cabinet”. Its key features are:
ARINC 600 IMA Module packaging connected to AFDX networkRobust partitioning in computing resource & communicationsDeterminism of application execution & data exchanges Standardised Application Programming Interface (API) to avoid obsolescence impacts on applicationsConventional equipment’s mixable
• Resource sharing has a direct impact on the way to design and implement systems since it creates new dependencies between them, both from a technical and a process point of view.
• This concept has been selected as the baseline for systems design on Cockpit, Utility, Energy and Cabin domains and extended globally on all the domains.
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What is A380 IMA? - ADCN Network & Topology
Engines
Cabin
Fuel&LGEnergy
Cockpit
FlightControl
AESU1
EEC1
EEC2
FCSC1COM MON
FCSC2FCGC2
FCGC3SFCC2
COM MONCOM MONSFCC1
FCGC1
ADIRU1
ADIRU3
ADIRU2
FM3
FM2FM1
FW2FCDC2
FW1FCDC1
AESU2
ACR2 opt
SCI
L1 L2 R2 R1C2 R3
C1
SW13
IOM
ELMCBMSB24
ELMCBMSB24
FuelCOM MON
FuelLG,TP&BSCOM MON
CIDS
CPIOM-B-1&2
CIDS
CPIOM-A-3&4 CPIOM-B-3&4
IRDC
COM MONLG,TP&BSCOM MON
COM MON COM MON COM MON
IOM
ACR1
SCI
CPIOM-A-1&2
PESC
SPDB
IPCU
SPDB
VSCPWCU
IRDC
DSMC1&2 DSMC3
ext lightsctrl
IPCU
ECB
HSMAIC?
HSMAIC?
COM MON FCSC3 TBCCOM MON
L3
IOMIOM CDAM
ATC1 ATC2 A
AB
B
EEC3
EEC4AB
BA
S_2_1
S_3_1
S_4_1
S_1_1
S_3_2
S_4_2
S_1_2
S_2_2
S_1_3
AFDX Network:
• 100 Mbits
• Redundant Network (A&B) with independent alimentation
• AFDX switches = 2 x 8
• NB of ports (connections) possible on each switch (20-24)
• MTBF of the switch is very high (100 000 hours expected)
• Up 80 AFDX subscriber
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AFDX - Generality• Freedom of choice for data format (harmonized at aircraft level)• Integration of LRU, IOM (Input Output Module) & CPIOM (Core Processing
Input Output Module)
AppliB
1 partition
E/S
LRU
E/S
AppliB
partition 1
AppliC
partition 2
AppliD
partition 3
CPIOM
ADCN
• Technology based on COTS standards
E/S
IOM
•ARINC 600: 2 MCU
Switching table defined through configuration
Traffic policing (enforcement of allocated bandwidth) QUADRAX Connectors
E/S
LRU
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AFDX technology – Addressing : MAC,IP,UDP
1234567
891011121314
AppliB
1 partition
E/S12
E/S
AppliC
partition 1(RAM ; CPU)
Appli D Appli E
partition 2(RAM ; CPU)
12
AppliA
1 partition
E/S12
• Avionics communications are based on multicast:one transmitterone or several receivers
•Asynchrony individual clocks• NO reconfiguration capability in the AFDX network
Alt = 10 000 ft UDP SRC / UDP DEST IP SRC / IP DEST MAC SRC / MAC DEST
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AFDX: Performances
• Does AFDX sustain expected real time performance:Yes: real time performances were really challenging, both on theES and the switch (ES wire speed reception ie 200 Mbits/s ; switch wire speed switching, with only bottleneck on output buffer).
• Packet loss percentage:0 % in the switch by definition (a configuration where the switch cannot guarantee that no frames are lost is not “schedulable” and thus not produced)Nevertheless frame may be lost due to
– Bit error rate (target 10-8)– Failures
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What is A380 IMA ? - AFDX Network use
System Team
Data base
NCD : VL & Paths
Confcheck → determinism OK
Confgen → Create configuration Loads
Switches Datalaoding
• Switches Configuration process:
ARTIST2 - Integrated Modular Avionics A380 Page 22©AI
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What is A380 IMA?
• Impact on the system development process = RisksAt the component level:
– IMA developed before system > requirements mismatch– Maturity of IMA components > impacts multiple systems– Technical capability > impacts multiple systems
At the Industrial level:– Management > Dedicated trans-national IMA team– Procurement >
• Arbitration process, • Contractual resources, • Change in supplier business model
– Development > User Groups, Hot Lines, Bi-laterals– Certification– Support Process > Airbus
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What is A380 IMA?
• Pre launchPartner activity to review available solutions and proposals
– Many suppliers example Smiths, Honeywell, Rockwell Collins, Thales, Diehl, BAe Systems
– Front runner - Cabinet / rack + ARINC 629• Joint launch team to define the avionics solution
Architecture, scope, key technologies, supplier pre-selectionAFDX as the network
– ARINC 629 future growth, cost ?IMA computers as dedicated LRUs – The “Open Architecture” solution
– Multiple system suppliers– Scalable– Multiple IMA suppliers including Airbus make policy for key technology– System suppliers able to develop and integrate separately– Minimise the management and co-ordination activities to be performed by
Airbus – focus on systems
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What is A380 IMA? - IMA integration perimeter
UtilityFuel Measurement & ManagementBraking, Steering, Extension/Retraction, Others (Tyre pressure, etc.)
CabinBleed, Overheat Detection, Supplemental CoolingCabin Pressure & Ventilation Control,Air Conditioning
CockpitFlight Warning,FCU Back-Up,Weight & Balance Back-Up ComputationFlight Control Data ConcentratorAir Traffic Communication
Function on A380 EnergyElectrical Load Management,Circuit Breaker Monitoring, ATA 24 BITE
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IMA – Modules
• 8 different part numbers / 30 modules of CPIOM per chipset developed by 2 suppliers
AIRBUS (EYY):Thales Avionics, associated with Diehl
Avionik System:
•They host 21 avionics functions developed by 10 suppliers
•1 single part number of IOM called “IOM-A”
•All modules are ARINC600, 3 MCU box, around 4.2 kg, with 50 000 hours MTBF objectives
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What is A380 IMA ?
• What makes IMA different ?Standardised Software EnvironmentARINC 653 Operating System
– Application software is independent from the hardware• Like Windows• No direct access to I/O• Internal process control services• Health Monitoring services
– Enables Obsolescence protection for system software• Software – largest NRC element of systems• Production life = 20 years, Aircraft life = 50 years
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What is A380 IMA? - CPIOM
CPU MPC755RAM
Flash
NVM Intra LRM Communication
PowerSupply
PartitioningControl
Res
sour
ceB
ITE
SNM
P-M
IB
Dat
aloa
d A
615A
A 653 Operating System Drivers
Boot
UTI
L. -
NV
M M
anag
tM
odul
e Man
agt
AFDX
DSI / DSO /DGOInterface USB
PCI
DSI / DSO
USB
DSP TMS320C33
+ internal Ram
IO SW
Instr
umen
tatio
n
IO_Ext Board
DSI / DSO
Interface AUDIO
Flash
DSI/DSO
DGI
IO_DSP Board
CPU Board
AV
ION
IC
PAR
TIT
ION
AV
ION
IC
PAR
TIT
ION
AIRBUS API + ExtensionsAIRBUS API
BASIC SOFTWARE
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What is A380 IMA ?
• What makes IMA different?Partitioning
– The performance of each system must be unaffected by any other
• To allow systems to be developed, tested and verified separately• To allow system faults to be contained• To allow new systems to be added post certification
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What is A380 IMA ?
• What makes IMA different?Partitioning
ApplicationSoftware1
ApplicationSoftware 2
I/OMemory
RAMProcessor
TimeHealth
Monitors I/O MemoryRAM
ProcessorTime
HealthMonitors
Resources with performances
Partition environment © AIRBUS UK LTD
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What is A380 IMA ?
• What makes IMA different?Partitioning
– Timing• Strict allocation to each system application –
Periodic fixed scheduling at application levelNo prioritisation at application level
Time
5 ms 15 ms
25 ms
12.5 ms
Application 1
Application 2
Application 3 Application 1
Application 3
© AIRBUS UK LTD
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What is A380 IMA ?
• What makes IMA different?Partitioning
– Timing• Strict allocation to each system application –
Periodic fixed scheduling at application levelNo prioritisation at application level
Time
5 ms 15 ms
25 ms
12.5 ms
Application 1
Application 2
Application 3 Application 1
Application 3
© AIRBUS UK LTD
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What is A380 IMA ?
• What makes IMA different?Partitioning
– Timing• Strict allocation to each system application –
Periodic fixed scheduling at application levelNo prioritisation at application level
• Overruns are prevented partition is suspended
Time
5 ms 15 ms
25 ms
12.5 ms
Application 1
Application 2
Application 3 Application 1
Application 3
© AIRBUS UK LTD
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MMU
What is A380 IMA ?
• What makes IMA different?Partitioning
– Memory• Segregated allocation to each application• Configuration is linked to design I.e. application accesses only the memory
configured for it• Violations detected and prevented by MMU
ApplicationSoftware 1
ModuleConfiguration
© AIRBUS UK LTD
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What is A380 IMA ?
• What makes IMA different?Partitioning
– I/O• Segregated allocation to
each system application• Some shared input data
e.g. ARINC 429• All access is through OS
calls
ApplicationSoftware 1
ApplicationSoftware 2
CPIOM GLOBALCONFIGURATION
TABLE
ARINC 653 Operating System
ARINC 429 AFDXDiscretes
Write sampling port( xx, value)
xx = A429
© AIRBUS UK LTD
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What is A380 IMA ?• Partitioning enables:
System independence– Systems of different DAL(A,B,C) level can be developed at their
DAL level– Systems can be integrated and tested to separately
Incremental Qualification– Modifications to one application have no effect on other
applications• Qualification activities following a modification are limited
• Configuration Parameters Partitioning and ConfigurationIMA must be configurable
– Resources – Time, Memory and I/O– Implemented with Configuration Tables - loadable
Two groups of tables:– Tables managed by Airbus – have a global effect– Tables managed by the Function Supplier – only have a local partition
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What is A380 IMA?
Qualification of the module within a usage domain represented bythe set of configuration parameter rangesUsage Domain
– Represents guarantees on• Functionality• Performance – e.g. service call times
– For the range of configurations the module can be used in
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What is A380 IMA ? - IMA Modules Qualification
• Qualification and system certification are major parts of IMAThe objective of the qualification approach is to give System Suppliers “credit” to be used as part of their system certification Based on credit
– The function / system supplier takes “credit” from the qualification activities of Module Manager and Module Supplier
– Does not have to prove functionality, performance and behaviour of the module.
Module Qualification
ConfigurationQualification
SystemSupplier
Certification
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What is A380 IMA?
• New Industrial Roles - the biggest change with IMAIntroduce a new role in system development
– IMA Manager• Control the use of module resources
Provides resources against user system requirementsMaintain spares marginsSupport the prediction and verification of resources
• Provide resource configuration tablesDevelop configuration tables
• Perform confidence testing on the Integrated Module• Perform qualification activities for the module configuration
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• Integration: integration tests are performed
– on HBOSS– again on HBOSS with instrumented code for structural
coverage analysis– then on TBOSS for target compatibility verification and for
providing certification evidencesAdditional unit tests may be identified to achieve all coverage objectivesThe whole process is automated to ease non-regression testing between HBOSS and TBOSS
What is A380 IMA ? - Avionics Functions
HBOSS
Software testing on host stations
TBOSS
Software testing on representative target
BIL
Function Verification on Real Module
ARTIST2 - Integrated Modular Avionics A380
The future
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The future of IMA
• A380 IMA reused on A400M/A350 :Mature avionics hardware available immediatelyNRCs, risks minimised
• Next Aircraft – IMA2G:Extend the scope of IMA
– Flight controls, Open worldIncrease the flexibility of IMA – “Generic Secure Platform”
– Optimise the IMA architecture • Decentralised I/O / Smart sensors• Reconfiguration
– Enable more systems to be integrated within IMA• High Critical to Low Critical
– Enable greater levels of integration on single IMA units
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The future of IMA
• Change in technologies:AFDX :
– greater bandwidth solutions,– low cost solutions– greater integration– All protocols supported
IMA– Cabinet, Card File ? all have advantages– Faster processors – Multi-processor – inevitable– New OS – possibly, parallel for Open World– New Fields buses technologies ?
Tools - greater integration & Industrialisation• Platform Architecture definition• Avionics configuration• Application development, validation and verification• Fast ramp up – Technologies choice for Resources industrialisation• Fast FAL Integration – Auto test
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Number of electronic equipment
80
60
40
20
100
The future of IMA
Functionality(arbitrary log scale)
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995
104
103
102
101
Con
cord
e
A30
0B
2000 2005
A38
0
A31
0
A32
0
A33
0
A34
0-6
00
105
A380 with IMA
Future A/C
Historical background for the emergence of IMA
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Thank you for your attention
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