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A:1 What is the Evidence for Integration?NHSScotland Event 23-24 June 2015
Richard HumphriesAssistant Director Policy,
NHSScotland Event 2015 LEADING INTEGRATION FOR QUALITY
Overview
The evidence for integrated care
The case for integrated care
The UK context & lessons from abroad
What does this all mean for Scotland ?
Integration is not a new idea!
The evidence is mixed……..
But the case for integrated care is overwhelming…..
Potential benefits:
Better outcomes for people
Better use of limited resources
Reduce use of hospitals & long term care
More care closer to home
Avoids the consequences of fragmented & uncoordinated care
(But……….)
It is hard to do
It takes time
In the short term it may cost more ?
It demands different leadership skills and styles
Relationships are the key currency
There are some clear pointers from the evidence……….
1. “integration” means different things • clarity about purpose – what is the question to which integration is the answer ?• Integration of primary care & secondary care• Integration of physical health & mental health• Integration of health and social care• Integration at population health as well as individual level
2. No ‘one-size fits all’ – doing the right things locally
3. Organisational integration alone will not deliver benefits
4. Clinical & service integration matters most
5. Integration can produce better outcomes but not big savings
6. Focus on individual – coordination of care & support
7. Role of clinicians and frontline staff in driving integration
8. Importance of culture and relationships
What kind of integration ?
Organisational:– Care Trusts– Integrated provider organisations based on acute/FT (Northumbria)– Integrated provider organisations based on community trusts or social
enterprises eg Staffordshire, Bath & North East Somerset
Functional – Integration of specific services eg mental health, learning disability– Integrated commissioning eg North East Lincolnshire
Clinical and/or service integration:– Multidisciplinary teams– Single assessment & care coordination processes– Casefinding/risk stratification– Shared information including single patient records– Single care pathways– Pooled or aligned budgets– Risk-sharing agreements
Comparing UK approaches
Structural integration brings few benefits unless accompanied by many other changes
NI has not realised the potential benefits of integrated health and social care
Scotland has made most progress
Wales has only moved to an integrated health system recently and it is too soon to make a proper judgement
http://www.kingsfund.org.uk/publications/integrated-care-northern-ireland-scotland-and-wales
• Nationally agreed framework for collaboration
• Definition - coordination of care around individual needs
• Four separate initiatives:
• Pioneer programme
• Better Care Fund
• Personal health commissioning programme
• NHS Five Year Forward View
Integration in England -
“We will continue to integrate the health and social care systems, joining-up services between homes, clinics and hospitals, including through piloting new approaches like the pooling of around£6 billion of health and social care funding in Greater Manchester and the £5.3 billion Better Care Fund.”
and then there’s ‘DevoManc’
211 Clinical commissioning groups – community health & hospital services
152 local authorities – social care & public health
The commissioning landscape in England is complex & fragmented
NHS England – 25>13 local area teamsprimary care & specialised services
Systemic obstacles to integration remain -
The Barker Commission recommended a new settlement based on a single ring-fenced budget for health and social care, with a single local commissioner
Our work on how to achieve this has drawn heavily on Scotland’s approach
http://www.kingsfund.org.uk/publications/options-integrated-commissioning
Integration for populations as well as individuals………
http://www.kingsfund.org.uk/sites/files/kf/field/field_publication_file/population-health-systems-kingsfund-feb15.pdf
Examples from abroad:Kaiser Permanente, United StatesNuka System of Care, AlaskaGesundes Kinzigtal, GermanyCounties Manukau, New ZealandJönköping County Council, Sweden
When could we add Scotland to this list ?
When could we add Scotland to this list ?
Making integrated care happen at scale and pace:
1. Find common cause with partners and be prepared to share sovereignty
2. Develop a shared narrative to explain why integrated care matters
3. Develop a persuasive vision to describe what integrated care will achieve
4. Establish shared leadership
5. Create time and space to develop understanding and new ways of working
6. Identify services and user groups where the potential benefits from integrated care are greatest
7. Build integrated care from the bottom up as well as the top down
8. Pool resources to enable commissioners and integrated teams to use resources flexibly
9. Innovate in the use of commissioning, contracting and payment mechanisms and use of the independent sector
10. Recognise that there is no ‘best way’ of integrating care
11. Support and empower users to take more control over their health and wellbeing
12. Share information about users with the support of appropriate information governance
13. Use the workforce effectively and be open to innovations in skill-mix and staff substitution
14. Set specific objectives and measure and evaluate progress towards these objectives
15. Be realistic about the costs of integrated care
16. Act on all these lessons together as part of a coherent strategy
http://www.kingsfund.org.uk/publications/making-integrated-care-happen-scale-and-pace
Scotland’s advantages
Organisational stability
Size and scale
Clear and consistent political steer from the centre
Unequivocal legislation
Defined outcomes for integrated care & metrics
No provider/commissioner separation
more generous social care entitlements
The Barnett formula
But leadership, culture and relationships will remain crucial –
“the soft stuff is the hard stuff”
“Change comes from small initiatives which work, initiatives which,
imitated, become the fashion. We cannot wait for great visions from
people, for they are in short supply at the end of history. It is up to us
to light our own small fires in the darkness. ”
Charles Handy
