A Vocabulary List of New Testament Greek Structure Words in Descending Order of Recurrence

8/13/2019 A Vocabulary List of New Testament Greek Structure Words in Descending Order of Recurrence

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A Vocabulary List of New Testament Greek Structure Words in Descending Order of Recurrenceby Seth Brown, January 2013

As a student of NT Greek, I have found the smallest vocabulary words to be the mosttroublesome. It seems many of these words are what linguists callstructure words. They function asadverbs (or in some adverbial sense) and serve the sentence by qualifying the action.

As you will see, they often have multiple, optional meanings; thus, requiring more effort tomaster them as vocabulary words. Furthermore, their abstract nature (vis--vis concrete nouns and verbs)make them more difficult to stick in the students mind. In light of this situation, I have compiled all thesesmall words into one list to strengthen comprehension. This list may supplement vocabularymemorization or serve as a reference guide while translating. It has benefited my studies and I hope itbenefits yours as well.

Ive listed the word, the number of occurrences, and the meaning in the table below. All of thelexical information is taken from: Warren Trenchard, Complete Vocabulary Guide to the Greek NewTestament, rev. ed., (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1998) 124236.

Word # Meaning

kai; 9161 and, even, also, but, and then, and yet, namely, both

dev 2792 but, and, rather, now, then, so

ejn 2752 in, on, at, near, to, by, before, among, with, within, when

eijV 1767 into, in, toward, to, among, near, on, for, against, as, at

o{ti 1296 that, so that, because, for, (introduces direct discourse)

gavr 1041 for, so, then

ejk 914 from, out of, away from, by, of, because of

ejpiv 890 on, over, when (gen.); on, at, in (dat.); on to, for (acc.)

provV 700 for (gen.); at (dat.); to, for, against, with, at, by (acc.)

diav 667 through, during, with, at, by (gen.); because of (acc.)

i{na 663 in order that, that, so that

ajpov 646 from, away from, because of, with, for, of, by

ajllav 638 but, yet, rather, nevertheless, at least

wJV 504 as, like, because, when, while, in order that, that, about

eij 502 if, that, whether

ou\n 499 so, therefore, consequently, accordingly, then

katav 473 down from, against (gen.); along, to, according to (acc.)

metav 469 with, among, against (gen.); after, behind (acc.)

ejavn 351 if, when


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h[ 343 or, either, nor, what, than

periv 333 about, concerning, for (gen.); around, near (acc.)

ejkei:noV, h, o 265 that; that person or thing, he, she, it (subst.)

oujdeivV, oujdemiva, oujdevn 234 no; no one, nothing (subst.); in no way (neut. acc.)

uJpov 220 by, at the hands of (gen.); under, below (acc.)

tev 215 and, and so, so

ou{twV 208 in this manner, thus, so, as follows, just; such (adj.)

parav 194 from (gen.); beside, with (dat.); at, on, more than (acc.)

kaqwvV 182 as, just as, even as, so far as, since, when

mevn 179 on the one hand, to be sure, indeed

a[n 166 conditional part., par. of contingency (untrans.)

tovte 160 then, thereafter

uJpevr 150 for, in behalf of, about (gen.); above, beyond, than (acc.)

nu:n 147 now, as things now stand; the present, now (subst.)

e{wV 146 until, while (conj.); until, as far as (impr. prep.)

oujdev 143 and not, neither, nor, not even

pavlin 141 back, again, once more, furthermore, on the other hand

ajmhvn 129 amen, so let it be, truly

suvn 128 with, together with, accompany, besides

o{tan 123 at the time that, whenever, when

o{soV, h, on 110 as or how great, as or how much, as or how far

ejkei: 105 there, in that place, to that place

o{te 103 when, while, as long as

pw:V 103 how? in what way? in what sense? how is it possible?

ejnwvpion 94 before, in the presence of, in the opinion of (impr. prep.)

e[ti 93 still, yet, more

ou[te 87 and not, neither, nor, no

kajgwv 84 and I, but I, I also, I myself, I in turn (= kaivejgwv)

w{ste 83 for this reason, therefore, so, so that, in order that

ma:llon 81 more, more than ever, rather, more surely


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ei[te 65 if, whether

h[dh 61 now, already

w|de 61 here, hither, to this place, in this case

toiou:toV, auvth, ou:ton 57 of such a kind, such; such a person or thing (subst.)

mhdev 56 and not, but not, nor, not even

loipovV, hv, ovn 55 remaining, other, rest; finally, henceforth (neut. as adv.)

diov 53 therefore, for this reason

o{pwV 53 how, in what way, that, in order that

e[scatoV, h, on 52 last, least; end (subst.); finally (neut. acc.)

a[ra 49 so, then, consequently, perhaps

a[cri 49 until, to, as far as (impr. prep.); until (conj.)

pou: 48 where(?) at or to what place (?)

oujkevti 47 no longer, no more, then not

prov 47 before, in front of, at, above

oujaiv 46 woe, alas; woe (subst.); woe, disaster (fem. noun)

cwrivV 41 separately; without, apart from, besides (impr. prep.)

ejkei:qen 37 from there

a[rti 36 now, just, at once, immediately

eujqevwV 36 immediately, at once

w{sper 36 as, just as, even as

mhvte 34 and not, nor

poi:oV, a, on 33 of what kind? which? what?

plhvn 31 but, yet, only, however (conj.); except (impr. prep.)

povsoV, h, on 27 how great (?) how much (?) how many (?)

e{neka 26 because of, on account of, for the sake of (impr. prep.)

ejpeiv 26 because, since, for, for otherwise

ou[pw 26 not yet

gev 25 indeed, even, at least

ou| 24 where, to which

diovti 23 because, therefore, for, that


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ajntiv 22 instead of, for, in behalf of

kajkei:noV, h, o 22 and that one or he, that one or he also (=kai;ejkei:noV)

wJseiv 21 as, like, about

nuniv 20 now

povte 19 when?

o{qen 15 from where, where, whence, from which, therefore

oi|oV, a, on 14 of what sort, as, such as

a[nwqen 13 from above, from heaven, for a long time, again, anew

e[xwqen 13 freom the outside, outside; (from) outside (impr. prep.)

kaqavper 13 just as

uJpokavtw 11 under, below (impr. prep. in NT)

a{ma 10 at the same time, together, together with (impr. prep.)

ejnteu:qen 10 from here, from this

kajkei: 10 and there, there also (=kai;ejkei:)

kajkei:qen 10 and from there, and then (=kai;ejkei:qen)

o{de, h{de, tovde 10 this, such and such

a[nw 9 above, up, upwards

e[sw 9 in, inside; inside, into (impr. prep.); insider (subst.)

kavtw 9 below, downwards, down

metaxuv 9 meanwhile, after; between, in the middle (impr. prep.)

ejktovV 8 outside; outside, except (impr. prep.)

kuvklw/ 8 around, all around; nearby (adj.); around (impr. prep.)

mevntoi 8 really, actually, though, to be sure, indeed, but

pavlai 7 long ago, formerly, for a long time, already

potapovV, hv, ovn 7 of what sort or kind, how great or glorious

ei[per 6 if indeed, if after all, since

ejxauth:V 6 at once, immediately

iJnativ 6 why? for what reason?

kaqovti 6 as, to the degree, because

dhv 5 indeed, now, then, therefore


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ejxh:V 5 next (day), soon after

kaivper 5 though, although

oJpoi:oV, a, on 5 of what sort

kaqov 4 as, in so far as

oujdevpw 4 not yet

a\ra 3 interrog. part. of anxiety (untrans.)

ejavnper 3 if indeed, if only, supposing that

katenwvpion 3 before, in the presence of (impr. prep. in NT)

menou:nge 3 rather, on the contrary, indeed

o{mwV 3 nevertheless, yet, likewise, also

oJsavkiV 3 as often as, whenever

parektovV 3 besides, outside; apart from, except for (impr. prep.)

scedovn 3 nearly, almost

toivnun 3 hence, so, indeed, therefore, then

touvnantivon 3 on the other hand, rather (=to;ejnantivon)

ajnwvteroV, a, on 2 higher, above, earlier (neut. as adv. in NT)

ejkei:se 2 there, at that place

e[nqen 2 from here

hJnivka 2 when, at the time when

kaivtoi 2 and yet, although

lema 2 why?

mhdamw:V 2 by no means, certainly not, no

mhvpw 2 not yet

toigarou:n 2 then, therefore, for that very reason

ajkmhvn 1 even yet, still

ejpeidhvper 1 inasmuch as, since

ejpevkeina 1 farther on, beyond (impr. prep. in NT)

h[per 1 than

h[toi 1 or, either

kaqav 1 just as


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kaqwvsper 1 as, just as

kaivtoige 1 and yet, although

menou:n 1 rather, on the contrary, indeed

mhdevpote 1 never

mhdevpw 1 not yet

mhvn 1 indeed, surely

nhv 1 by (used w. oaths)

oujdamw:V 1 by no means

oujkou:n 1 so then, so

toiovsqe, avde, ovnde 1 such as this, of this kind

wjspereiv 1 like, as though, as it were

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A Vocabulary List of New Testament Greek Structure Words in Descending Order of Recurrence