A V iew of Dec. 8 SANE Madison Square Garden Rally to End the W ar Now.

Rally Against Vietnam War Jams Madison Sq. Garden

A b rie f respite was won in the appeal of Hugo Blanco before the Peruvian Supreme Council o f M i­lita ry Justice when an additional tw o weeks was granted the de­fense to argue legal points in the case.

M eanwhile, a report from Peru stated tha t the grow ing in terna­tiona l campaign fo r Blanco ap­pears to be having an effect on the authorities.

Imprisoned fo r three years, the heroic young peasant leader was sentenced by a m ilita ry court to 25 years im prisonm ent fo r the death of tw o policemen. When th is sentence was appealed, the p ro ­secution asked the court hearing the appeal to impose the death penalty.

Rally SlatedIn L im a itse lf a num ber o f ac­

tions have been taken on behalf o f Blanco and his fe llow prison­ers despite the repressive atmo­sphere in tha t country. A ra lly was slated Dec. 2 under the aus­pices of the Committee fo r the Defense o f Human Rights, w hich embraces w ide sectors of the l ib ­eral and rad ica l movement. P ro­m inent speakers were scheduled.

On Nov. 24, the m ilita n t Fede­ra tio n de Construction C iv il spon­sored a street ra lly w ith a l is t of speakers headed by Rolando R ie- ga, leader of the present s trike in the fish industry.

In France, the movement to save Blanco was given an im por­tan t boost when the in flu e n tia l Paris da ily, Le Monde, published a lengthy, sympathetic a rtic le on the case by M arcel Niedergang, Le Monde’s h igh ly respected L a - tin -A m erican specialist.

A lso in France, the Catholic group o f the School o f H igher

Education and the Standing Board o f the Student Mission w ired Pe­ruv ian President Belaunde Terry in behalf o f Blanco urg ing amnes­ty fo r the revo lu tionary leader. The cable declared Blanco’s death “ w ould shock the C hristian students o f France, pa rticu la rly the many who, responding to the appeal of the Church to bu ild a more ju s t society, sympathize w ith the present efforts to develop L a tin Am erica.”

Peruvian supporters of Blanco have sent w ord of the ir gratitude at w hat is being done in te rnation­a lly to save his life , and they urge these efforts be continued and ex­tended. They ask tha t telegrams and letters demanding amnesty fo r Blanco and the other po litica l prisoners be sent the Consejo Su­premo de Justicia, L im a, Peru, and to President Fernando Belaunde Terry, L im a, Peru. Copies should be airm ailed to Blanco’s attorney, D r. A lfredo Battilana, A v. N icola de Pierola, 966, O fic ina 215, L im a, Peru.

B y B a rry SheppardNEW YO R K — The grow ing

opposition to the V ietnam w ar was reflected when 20,000 people jammed Madison Square Garden to capacity fo r a R a lly to End the W ar Now on Dec. 8. Hundreds stood outside the Garden listen­ing over loudspeakers. The meet­ing was sponsored by the Com­m ittee fo r a Sane Nuclear Policy.

Many of the people present were older members of SANE. B u t there was also a sizeable contingent of young antiw ar fighters, who gave a spirited m ilita n t tone to the ra lly .

Also present, s itting in a large block, were rank-and -file union­ists organized by SANE’s Trade Union D ivision. Joel R. Jacobson, speaking fo r the Trade Union D i­vision, received a b ig applause when he announced tha t there were 5,000 unionists present from such unions as D is tric t 65 Re­ta il, Wholesale and Departm ent Store Union and Local 1199 of the D rug and Hospita l Workers. Ja­cobson is president of the New Jersey Indus tria l Union Council of the A FL-C IO .

Johnson BlastedOne feature of the ra lly which

was in most of the speeches, and certa in ly reflected the mood of a ll sections of the audience, was deep d is trust and d is like fo r President Johnson. Every blast at Johnson was greeted w ith great approval. Journa list I.F . Stone reflected the feeling of many liberals present w ith the statement tha t B a rry G oldwater was r ig h t in the 1964 campaign when he said “ John­

the ra lly indicated tha t in the past year, SANE has been influenced by the more m ilita n t sections of the movement and by the grow ing an tiw ar sentiment in the country. W hile most of the speakers pressed SANE’s o ffic ia l, “ moderate” line of favoring negotiations, the demand fo r immediate w ithd raw a l o f U.S. troops was also presented from the p la tform .

Banners around the ra lly called fo r negotiations w ith the National L ibera tion F ron t and fo r a cease­fire . Norman Thomas of the So­cia lis t P arty and member o f the national board of d irectors of SANE, was the most conservative of the speakers. He went so fa r as to praise Johnson’s domestic program on c iv il righ ts and the w ar on poverty. H is most m ilita n t statement was a rhetorica l ques­tion im p ly ing Johnson was not sincere about w anting negotiations,

(Continued on Page 2)

CORE Leader and Kennedy Clash on Black Power Issue

The congressional subcommittee hearings on “ problems of the na­tio n ’s cities” is runn ing in to pos­s ib ly unexpected testimony. Up u n til Dec. 8, the committee, headed by Sen. Abraham A . R ib icoff, (D .-Conn.), had heard such spokesmen fo r the problems of b lack ghettos as A. P h ilip Ran­dolph, Bayard Rustin and Roy W ilk ins. The sum of these gentle­men’s testim ony boiled down to R ustin ’s request tha t more money should be spent in the “ W ar on Poverty.”

B u t when F loyd McKissick, na­tiona l d irector of the Congress of Racial E quality, took the stand Dec. 8, the tone o f the discussion changed character. R ib ico ff and Senator Robert F. Kennedy chose the occasion to condemn black power. “ You make our job very hard when you put us up against such a slogan,” R ib ico ff stated, and Kennedy added, “ I t is the slo­gan and w hat is associated w ith i t tha t has set back the c iv il rights movement.”

M cKissick replied, according to the Dec. 9 New York Times, tha t he saw noth ing w rong w ith the

slogan and doubted i t w ould be changed.

The CORE d irector defined b lack power as the struggle fo r Negro po litica l and economic pow­er, creation o f a b lack consumer bloc, enforcement of Federal laws and an end to police b ru ta lity . The Negro, he said, “ is no longer ashamed o f his color, tha t his roots are in A frica . He doesn’t cut o ff a ll his h a ir because i t is k in ­ky.”

R eferring to previous testim ony in the hearings, M cK issick stated, “ There is no better argum ent fo r black power, fo r the m obilization o f the b lack com m unity as a po li­tical, social and economic bloc, than the words you have heard in th is room.

“ This is w hat we have always meant by black power. I t is a ra ­tiona l m ilita n t ca ll from a whole segment o f th is nation ’s popula­tion to do w ha t you have not been able to do — destroy racism in th is country, create fu l l employ­ment in the Am erican ghetto, re ­vise the educational system to cope w ith the 20th century and

(Continued on Page 3)

son is the biggest faker in theU.S.”

Jules Fe iffe r, the cartoonist, did a h ila rious im ita tion o f Johnson. I t was in the fo rm of statements by LB J expla in ing each new es­calation of the war, and w ent in to fu tu re escalations up to the po in t where Johnson orders an atomic attack on Moscow in order to “ b ring Hanoi to the conference table” and protect the K y regime, by now stationed on Formosa.

F e iffe r’s devastating im ita tion , w ith its d raw l and choice of vocabulary, could only be de­scribed as a slashing personal and po litica l a ttack on the President. The audience loved it. Even re­porters from the capital press, who were s itting near me, jo ined in laughing.

W hile SANE represents the conservative w ing of the coalition which makes up the an tiw ar movement at the present time,

B y D ic k R oberts

World Efforts to Save Hugo Blanco Continue; Protests Held in Lima

THEMILITANTPublished in the Interest of the Working People

V o l. 31 - No. 46 M onday, D ecem ber 19, 1966 lOtf

The Bombing of HanoiDEC. 14 — As we prepare to go to press, the Soviet

press has reported the bombing of residential districts of Hanoi. In New York, the Fifth Avenue Peace Parade Com­mittee has responded to this monstrous new escalation by announcing two protest actions. On Thursday night, Dec. 15, a Community Church meeting slated to hear Dave Del­linger will conclude with a mass march to Times Square. A second demonstration at Times Square has been called for Saturday, Dec, 17, at 1 p.m.

Page Two THE M IL ITA N T Monday, December 19, 1966

...Garden Antiwar Rally

U nion members have ra tified a new three-year contract w ith General E lectric at its je t engine p la n t in Evendale, Ohio. The set­tlem ent was reached not long be­fo re exp ira tion o f a T a ft-H a rtley in junc tion obtained b y Johnson in a strikebreaking a ttack last Oc­tober.

Its terms provide a co s t-o f-liv ­ing clause and to ta l increases in wages and fr inge benefits of about 56 cents an hour. The f irs t wage h ike o f fo u r percent is retroac­tiv e to Oct. 17. A second o f three percent w i l l be effective Oct. 2, 1967; and a th ird , also three per­cent, w i l l be due on Sept. 30, 1968. The new contract provides some im provem ent in grievance procedures and tw o extra holidays s ta rting in 1968.

W orkers involved include about 4,600 members of the U nited Auto W orkers and some 1,700 members o f the In te rnationa l Association o f Machinists, both A FL-C IO a f­filia tes ..

* * *

U A W bureaucrats ganged up w ith General Motors to break a three-day “ w ildca t” s trike at the company’s diesel p lant in D etro it. The strikers were protesting dis­missal of a union committeeman fo r arguing w ith a foreman. Other th ings arousing the w orkers’ anger Include speedups and inadequate health and safety standards.

The cap ita lis t press reports that a Reutherite “ statesman” to ld the rebellious workers: “ You mustsettle your grievances through the established grievance procedure and not in th is manner. Don’t le t the young rebels get us in to troub le .”

W hat the “ young rebels” had to say was not reported.

* * *

A federal d is tr ic t court has ordered the Western Iow a Pork Co. at H arlan, Iowa, to negotiate w ith the U nited Packinghouse W orkers. The union struck the p la n t last August when the com­pany refused to meet its negotiat­in g committee to discuss terms fo r a cohtract. E a rly in October, the company tr ie d to operate w ith im ported scabs. Enraged strikers stormed the p lan t and drove the scabs away.

The subsequent court order does noth ing more than te ll the 'com­pany th a t i t ought to at least ta lk w ith the union; i t isn ’t directed to make any concessions. W hile the order has propaganda value fo r the strikers, on ly continued use o f the un ion power can b ring a labor v ic to ry .

* * *

On Jan. 23, 1963, several ra il­road unions struck the F lorida East Coast R ailway. The strike, w h ich is becoming the longest labo r dispute in ra ilroad history, started over demands fo r a wage increase o f 10 cents an our.

In one o f many attempts to break the strike, a federal court enjoined the workers from p icket­ing the Jacksonville, Fla., ra il te rm ina l. La te r a federal C ircu it

C ourt of Appeals held the in ju n c ­tion inva lid under the N orris -La Guardia A c t o f 1932. B y a 4-to-4 vote, the U.S. Supreme C ourt has now a ffirm ed the C ourt of A p ­peals decision. Since there was no m a jo rity , the affirm ance is not b ind ing as a precedent in fu tu re cases.

The strikers s t i l l face a state court order barring the picket­ing, w hich has been upheld by the F lo rida Supreme Court. A union appeal of tha t decision is now pending before the U.S. Supreme Court.

♦ + *

A F L-C IO unions are shaping plans fo r a new council to spur unionization among w h ite co llar workers. A steering committee has been set up to prepare a con­ference early next year from w hich to launch the p ro ject.'T he committee is made up of repre­sentatives from unions of actors, teachers, musicians, technicians, engineers, a irline p ilots and gov­ernm ent employes.

* * *

The N ational R igh t to W ork Committee has stepped up its cam­paign fo r state an ti-labo r laws. Spokesmen fo r the o u tf it say they w il l concentrate on Oklahoma, C aliforn ia, New Mexico, Montana, Idaho, M issouri, Illino is , Pennsyl­vania, New Y ork, Massachusetts and Delaware. They see “ un­precedented opportunities” in Congressional refusal to repeal Section 14b o f the T a ft-H a rtle y Act, which authorizes anti-un ion “ R igh t to W ork” laws in the states.

Such laws are now on the books in Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, F lorida, Georgia, Iowa, Kansas, M ississippi, Nebraska, Nevada, N orth Carolina, N orth Dakota, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, V irg in ia and W yoming.

* * *

Those who remember D avid J. McDonald m ay be interested to know tha t he manages to get by on his $25,000-a-year pension from the U nited Steelworkers, w ith the help of a few peanuts picked up from investments made over the years. H is residence, at Palm Springs, Calif., fron ts on the eighth fa irw a y o f a country club. H is next-door neighbor Is A dm ira l W illia m F. Rabom, a fo rm er C IA chief. McDonald is a board mem­ber of a local bank and, reported­ly “ well-dressed in the casually elegant manner o f the place,” he hobnobs w ith H ollyw ood celebri­ties and re tired m illionaries.

Newspaper accounts say he “ has found a contentment he never knew when he commanded the destinies o f a m illio n members and dealt fa m ilia r ly w ith the nation’s steel tycoons . . . He belongs here as he never d id in the union ha ll.”

McDonald is reported to be w r it ­ing a book about his labor career, perhaps a w hodurtit about h is fa ll from the cushy top spot in the steel union bureaucracy.

(Continued from Page 1) and d idn ’t Johnson understand th is w ould con flic t w ith plans fo r the “ Great Society.”

On the other hand, F loyd M c­K issick, b lack power advocate and national d irector o f CORE, called fo r immediate w ithd raw a l and so d id M rs. Grace M ora Newman. Mrs. Newman, sister of one o f the F o rt Hood Three, spoke on the case o f the three antiw ar GIs serv­ing prison terms fo r th e ir opposi­tion to the V ietnam war.

Peter Seeger had the vast crowd shouting “ B ring them home! B rin g them home!” and jo in ing h im in a song w ith tha t re fra in .

Once, during a lu l l as the col­lection was being taken, someone shouted to Ossie Davis, co-chair­man o f the ra lly standing at the m icrophone: “ When is SANE going to come out fo r immediate w ith ­drawal?” Davis said, “ I th in k the answer is SANE demands w ith ­draw al of Am erican troops now.”

Both the w ithd raw a l and nego­tia te demands received applause — w ithd raw a l getting a more en­thusiastic response — perhaps from somewhat d iffe ren t sections of the audience.

The m ix tu re of radical an tiw ar demands and libe ra l demands, and the heterogeneity of audience re­sponse was indicated in other ways. There was general support indicated fo r capita list critics of the w a r like Senator F u lb righ t. This was also true of an announce­ment tha t a delegation from the ra lly w ould see U Thant to com­mend h im on his V ietnam position. There was a big applause fo r Con­gressman W illia m F. Ryan, who was on the p la tfo rm w ith SANE sponsors, and Theodore Weiss, a m ild “ peace” candidate who lost

As we near the epd o f the So­c ia list W orkers P arty B u ild ing Fund Campaign, i t is heartening indeed to see tha t s ix branches have already fu lf i l le d th e ir quo­tas, w ith the M inneapolis-St. Paul group already 11% over, and p ro ­m ising at least $90 more before New Years Eve. This is the f irs t tim e in a long tim e tha t th is many branches have completed the ir fund quotas so early. A l l s ix are to be congratulated.

Those other branches w h ich are lagging behind are urged to step up th e ir collections. There are ju s t tw o weeks le ft. We know, of course, tha t th is is a d if f ic u lt tim e o f the year fo r people w ith , ch il­dren — ch ildren who have every r ig h t to expect old St. N ick to v is it them. B u t everyone should remember the pa rty on his Xmas lis t too. One day your children w il l thank you fo r m aking a bet­te r w orld fo r them to liv e in.

Jules F eiffer

in a New Y ork Democratic p r im ­ary.

On the other hand, the biggest applause of the evening was re­served fo r Mrs. Newman and the F o rt Hood Three.

I t was also clear tha t w hile SANE is in the conservative w ing of the an tiw ar coalition, i t wants to m ainta in its connection w ith the more m ilita n t sections, espe­c ia lly the youth. This was made exp lic it by Rev. W illia m S. C offin, Jr., the other co-chairman of the ra lly . He opened his remarks w ith a vigorous defense o f the student an tiw ar movement. C offin praised the students and urged them to continue to demonstrate and fig h t against the w ar, despite the a t­tacks on them by Johnson and others.

One group deeply disturbed by the fact tha t SANE has remained

Two old friends, both o ld-tim ers in the movement, both plagued by ill-h e a lth so they cannot be ac­tive , have come through as usual to sw ell The General’s column to $145. We thank them fo r the money and fo r the continued loyal support. R uth Q. o f P ittsburgh and J. B. of Plentywood, Montana, represent much more than ju s t themselves. They epitomize the ve ry m any older people who can no longer be physically active but who continue to support the SWP to the best o f th e ir lim ite d a b ili­ty . A nd as a m atter o f fact, there are few an tiw a r demonstrations in the P ittsburgh area you w on’t f in d R uth on, a rth ritis and bursitis notw ithstanding.

We urge a ll other friends o f the SWP and readers o f The M ilita n t who are ju s t beginning to realize the importance of bu ild ing a so­cia lis t party, to send in the ir con­tribu tions. Use the coupon at the bottom of the page. Thank you.

I W an t to HelpI want to help fulfill the quota in the $ 18,000

Socialist Fund. Enclosed is my contribution of.............

N A M E _________________________________________________________________

S T R E E T ________________________________________________________________

C IT Y __________________________ Z I P _____________STA TE ---------------------------

Sand checV or monsy order to:

SOCIALIST WORKERS PARTY 873 Broadway

New York, N. Y. 10003

Fund ScoreboardBranch Quota Paid PercentMinneapolis-St. Paul $ 1,000 $ 1,110 111Allentown 135 135 100Boston 1,000 1,000 100Chicago 1,500 1,500 100Oakland-Berkeley 1,000 1,000 100 vSt. Louis 150 150 100D etro it 1,200 986 83New Y o rk 4,800 3,762 78San Diego 125 87 70San Francisco 1,000 564 56Denver 100 53 53N ewark 100 50 50Philadelphia 450 210 47Cleveland 900 397 44M ilwaukee 400 172 43Seattle 250 100 40Los Angeles 4,000 1,443 36General ----- 145 —

Totals through Dec. 12 $18,110 $12,854 72

SOCIALIST FUND2iimiimimnimt d v v l n L I ff r U l v l / itiiMiiiiiiiimiiimiiimiimiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimmiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiH

I 6 Cities Go Over TopBy M arvel Scholl

Fund D irector

THE W E E K L Y CALEN­DAR, previously found on this page, will now appear on page 7.

in the an tiw a r coalition is the incred ib ly conservative Socialist Party. SPers were d is tribu ting th e ir paper, New Am erica, at the ra lly , w ith an artic le deploring SANE’s “ co-existence w ith the New L e ft.”

New Am erica is fra n tic at the thought tha t SANE is w illin g to w o rk w ith those in the an tiw ar movement who support a v ic to ry fo r the Vietnamese people against U.S. im peria lism . I t even blasts the Dec. 8 ra lly fo r ca lling on the U.S. to negotiate — w ith o u t ca ll­ing on Hanoi to do the same!

The fact is, up to now at least, SANE has generally accepted the princ ip le of non-exclusion w hich has characterized the an tiw ar movement. I t is in teresting to note tha t SANE recently libera lized its membership restrictions b y ‘ s tr ik ­ing out specific p roh ib ition o f Communist P a rty members. I t ’s th is sort of th ing tha t disturbs the red-ba iting “ Socialists” of New America.

A t the other extreme, another sad th ing occurred outside the ra lly . The Spartacist League, a sectarian, u ltra - le ft grouplet, staged a p icketline o f 15 people on the other side o f the street, denouncing the ra lly as a “ le ft cover fo r im peria lism .”

Puzzling StandAs the crowds were stream ing

in to the Garden, I saw a group of teenage g irls squ in ting at the Spartacist p icketline. “ Whose side are they on?” asked one bew ild ­ered g ir l.

Besides the speakers, and the singing led by Pete Seeger, there was a theatrica l production, w ith readings by Tony Randall, D iana Sands, S h irley B lanck and others, and scenes by the Bread and Pup­pet Theater.

O ther speakers were: PeterWeiss (not the p la y w rig h t) ; Paul Booth o f Students fo r a Demo­cratic Society, who discussed SDS’s a n ti-d ra ft program ; P ro­fessor Gunnar M yrda l, the Swed­ish social economist w ho discussed the m ora l and po litica l isolation o f the U.S. in the w o rld as a re ­su lt o f the V ietnam w ar; and Donald Keys, executive d irecto r o f SANE. A tape-recorded message from E rich Fromm , who was i l l , was played, and his speech was read by Rev, C offin.

SCEF Hits Jailing Of Rights Worker

SO M ERVILLE, Tenn. — Local Negro residents have protested to county offic ia ls about the ja ilin g o f a w h ite woman, Mrs. V irg ie Hortenstine, who has been w o rk ­ing fo r c iv il r igh ts in Fayette County fo r m any years.

They were jo ined in the protest by the Southern Conference Edu­cational Fund (SCEF) through its president, the Rev. Fred L . S hut- tlesw orth. M r. Shuttlesw orth also asked concerned people th rough­out the state and nation to w rite Judge Paul Summers at the court­house here.

The SCEF leader said th a t o f­ficers stopped Mrs. Hortenstine on the street in Som erville and to ld her she d id not have a w heel-tax sticker on her auto, as required by law.

She to ld the officers tha t she was not a resident o f the county nor o f the state of Tennessee and her car had not been in the coun­ty 45 days. Nevertheless, she was arrested and fined $25 plus $14.75 court costs.

She refused to pay the fin e on the ground that i t was assessed be­cause she is a c iv il-r ig h ts w orker. Therefore she w ent to ja i l fo r 20 days.

T H E N A T I O N A L

Monday, December 19, 1966 THE M IL ITA N T Page Three

Unions Lose Ground

NEW YO RK TR A N SIT STRIKE. Shutdown of New York city transit early this year in defiance of courts, and similar action later by airlines mechanics, were symbolic of new expressions of rank- and-file labor militancy.

By Farrell DobbsA F L-C IO o ffic ia ls are try in g to

make much o f a recent modest gain in membership. T he ir aim is to create an impression of v ita lity at the top o f the unions, bu t tha t’s pure hokum. A ctua lly , the merged labor federation has not even managed to stand s ti l l under the present leadership; i t has lost ground.

When the merger took place in 1955, the A F L had around 10 m il­lio n members. The CIO — w hich had expelled several unions w ith thousands of members in an earlie r in te rna l w itchhun t — came in about five m illio n strong. O ptim ­ists forecasted tha t the merger alone w ould b ring sw ift union grow th, and in 1956 A FL-C IO membership d id rise to 17.5 m il­lion . That proved to be the h igh- w ater mark.

A precipitate decline followed, and by 1963, the federation had no more than 12.5 m illio n in its ranks. One reason fo r the decline was the expulsion o f several unions, inc lud ing the Teamsters, w h ich had come under smear a t­tack from the M cC lellan Com m it­tee o f the U.S. Senate. Another cause was a general slum p in re ­cru itm ent, along w ith fa ilu re to ca rry through a projected organ­iz ing d rive in the South.

New Membership

D uring the last three years, A F L -C IO unions have made a s ligh t comeback by recru iting about one m illio n new members. A large p a rt o f the recru itm ent can be a ttribu ted to the increase in employment since 1963, espe­c ia lly in basic manufacturing. A no ther pa rt has resulted from some unionization of government w orkers and increased organiza­tion o f teachers. This recru itm ent has brought cu rren t A FL-C IO

“NEVER W A LK ED A P IC K E T- L IN E .” George Meany made this boast shortly after merger of A FL-C IO .

membership to some 13.5 m illion , s t i l l below the figu re at the tim e of the 1955 merger.

Meanwhile, the to ta l labor force has steadily grown. Since 1955, i t has risen over eight m illion to a present record high of 78 m illio n . That means there has been both a re la tive A FL-C IO decline, meas­ured in proportion to the grow ­ing labor force, and a d irect slump in absolute terms of federa­tion membership. I t is a sorry p ic­ture tha t can’t be glossed over by boasting about low-scale union re­cru itm ent.

Unionization w ith in the to ta l labor force has tra d itio n a lly cen­tered among “ blue co lla r” workers. In th is category today, automation and general in tensification o f labor steadily chews up jobs, especially in m ining, m anufacture and trans­portation. W ith in the fast-g row ­ing “ w h ite co lla r” sector o f the labor force, on the other hand, the

unions are notoriously weak. As of 1964, less than three m illio n of 31 m illio n workers in th is cate­gory were organized, and the re l­ative situation has im proved lit t le since then. Thus i t is small w on­der tha t the unions have become subject to atrophy.

Where the workers are organ­ized, they rem ain gravely ham­pered by misleaders in the unions. The problem is g raphica lly i l ­lustrated by the present fig h t to keep purchasing power abreast of soaring prices. In th is struggle tw o basic facts, o f opposite qual­ity , have already emerged: there has been a steady rise o f m ilitancy in the union ranks; and lead­ership po licy has been generally characterized by incompetence and tim id ity .

In ba ttling the giant corpora­tions, the workers fin d the ir ranks sp lit by divisions in to separate unions w ith in a single industry. I t is a needless problem a rtif ic ia l­ly created by narrow -m inded union bureaucrats. To patch over the d iff ic u lty tem porarily , the labor o ffic ia ls have undertaken to set up bargaining coalitions among unions involved in contract nego­tia tions w ith a given corporation. The situation being w hat i t is, the action is useful — provided they are ready to make a figh t. Instead, the bureaucrats have tended to fo ld qu ick ly under strikebreaking pressure from Johnson, grab any face-saving concessions they can get and make a cap itu latory set­tlem ent on corporation terms.

Using ComputersThe A FL-C IO has also begun

to use computers fo r analysis of labor contracts, company pro fits and other items related to collec­tive bargaining. This, too, can be a he lp fu l device, again provided tha t the purpose is to reinforce a correct union policy. Otherwise i t is an exercise in fu t il i ty , as was demonstrated in the November elections. Computers were used to help promote votes fo r capita list “ friends of labor.” However, the union hacks were pushing a false po litica l line and the computers proved worthless.

A lthough no capita lis t po litic ian can be said to represent labor’s interests, i t is w orth noting tha t the union bureaucrats proved un­usually ineffective in securing the election of candidates they backed. More im portan t is the price paid by the union fo r the false bureau­cratic policy. The w orkers’ needs continue to be brushed aside in government, where s tiffe r an ti­labor laws are being cooked up. P o litica lly , organized labor re­mains w hat i t has long been, a sterile appendage of the Demo­cratic Party.

One section o f the w ork ing class — the m a jo rity of Negroes, who are also workers — are doubly in ju red by bureaucratic misleadership in the unions. They are not getting the union support to w hich they are rich ly entitled in the ir general fig h t fo r economic, po litica l and social equality. On top of that, they are discrim inated against inside organized labor, es­pecia lly w ith in the c ra ft unions.

Support W arAnother crim ina l po licy of the

union bureaucrats is th e ir slavish support of the im peria lis t attack on the Vietnamese people. A cting counter to the interests o f thf? union ranks, they have tarred organized labor w ith the image of a rubber stamp fo r Johnson’s whole b ru ta l line of im peria lis t aggression.

Looking a t the union situation in its entirety, some analysts — who tend to dabble in supra- class “ theory” — conclude tha t the w ork ing class has exhausted its ro le as a v ita l social force. Those who w ould so lig h tly dis­miss the w ork ing class from po l­itica l consideration are today getting a pa rtia l answer from the workers themselves. The upsurge

of m ilitancy during 1966 has given a d im preview of the la tent social power of the w ork ing class. C ur­ren t trends promise a fu rth e r dem­onstration during 1967, and fa r more compelling evidence of labor’s inherent power is bound to come thereafter. The union prob­lem is not one of working-class weakness; i t stems from a crisis of leadership.

Consider the last convention of the A FL-C IO , held about a year ago. I t was an ins ip id a ffa ir, ru led over by the top bureaucrats and preoccupied in large p a rt w ith lis tening to various capita list politicians. The delegates, ranging in age from m idd le to old, came from the secondary echelons o f the general union bureaucracy. I f a member of the rank and file was present, he was indeed an oddity. The existence of young workers in the union movement was only an unconfirm ed rum or at the con­vention. This august assemblage d u tifu lly returned to office the ru lin g Executive Council o f the A FL-C IO , m aking on ly such m inor changes in its composition as were decreed fro m on high.

In the stately environs of the Executive Council itse lf sits a self- perpetuating clique of aging bu­reaucrats, wedged fa t ly in to the ir easy chairs and th e ir faces turned f irm ly to the past. They show native cunning in dealing w ith the po litics of in te rna l union power, managing to move qu ick ly enough when i t comes to pu tting down ran k-a n d -file “ upstarts.” They

(Continued from Page 1)make the American ghetto a place in which i t is possible to live w ith hope.”

M cKissick then introduced a subject tha t was not supposed to be on the agenda: “ For God’s sake, end th is te rrib le w ar in V ietnam ,” he urged. “ B ring black men home to rebu ild th e ir own lives, the ir own communities, and take the incredib le costs of k ill in g and use them to save the lives of the poor.”

The fo llow ing day, the attack on the w h ite power structure was resumed by Johnie Scott, a young Negro from Watts who had spent one academic year in the p in ­nacle of w h ite education, H arvard College. “ The p o rtra it o f life that M r. Scott drew ,” according to the Dec. 10 New Y ork Times, “ was one of constant and b itte r struggle against poverty and despair, a struggle relieved only by momen­ta ry trium phs over the ‘au thori­ties’ — policemen, school p r in c i­pals and the w h ite com m unity.”

Scott attacked the educational system from bottom to top. He

have a fa ir ly clear idea w hat is being said at the W hite House and in Congress,' even the state capitals and some c ity halls. When i t comes to the th ink ing of the union ranks, however, they have no clear lines of communication; nor do they have much interest, unless somebody is s tirr in g up “ trouble.”

I f the unions are to f u l f i l l the purpose fo r w hich they were created in the f irs t place the w hole gang o f corrup t bureaucrats m ust be cleaned out of office. F u ll in ­ternal democracy must be estab­lished in the unions, w ith a ll o f­fic ia ls made f irm ly subject to con­tinuous ran k-a n d -file control. Union leaders must be found who have the a b ility to pro ject a fig h t­ing program and the guts to car­ry i t out. That can’t be accom­plished s im ply by changing the faces in union office. The new leadership must be forged around a program shaped along the fo l­low ing conceptual lines:

Put an end to labor “ statesman­ship” and advance demands tha t re flect the actual needs o f the workers.

End a ll reliance on the cap ita lis t government and use the fu l l union power to defend the workers’ rights and interests.

Abolish in te rna l w itchhunting in the unions and m ainta in a solid united fro n t o f the w ork ing class against the cap ita lis t class.

Break en tire ly w ith cap ita lis t politics and fo rm an independent labor party based on the unions.

said tha t of 550 students who graduated from the ju n io r high school he attended in Watts, on ly 250 showed up as freshmen in the h igh school and only 97 o f these graduated from high school. “ H ar­vard,” he stated, “ had become a ghost yard, em pty” fo r h im .

Scott returned to W atts in June, 1965, three months before the ghetto revolt. When he learned tha t an old fr iend in W atts had been “ shot-gunned to death,” Scott testified, the H arvard ex­perience assumed less and less re­levance. Scott stated tha t he was one of n ine in the freshman class o f 1,200 who failed.

The Black GhettoBy Robert Vernon

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Price of Misleadership

Page Four THE M IL ITA N T \ Monday, December 19, 1968

THE MILITANTEditor: JOSEPH H A N S E N

Managing Editor: B A R R Y S H E P P A R D B uaineu Manager: JCAROLYN K E R R Y

Published w eekly, except during Ju ly and August when published b i-w eekly , by The M ilita n t Publishing Ass’n., 873 Broadway, N ew Y ork , N . Y . 10003. Phone 333-6414. Second-class postage paid a t New Y ork , N . Y . Subscription: S3 a year; Canadian, *3.50; foreign, »4.50. Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily represent The M ilita n t’s views. These are expressed in editorials.

Vol. 31 - No. 46 34S Monday, December 19, 1966

Statem ent by 4th Int'l

China's Political Crisis

Anti-Union VendettaLabor-ba ite rs w i l l no doubt derive satisfaction from the

Supreme C ourt decision uphold ing the ju ry -ta m p e rin g convic­tio n o f Teamster U nion President James H offa . The h igh court ru lin g climaxes nea rly a decade o f e ffo rts by the Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson adm in istrations to get H offa and the Team­sters. I t w i l l be p a rtic u la rly relished by th a t s te rling libe ra l, Robert Kennedy, w ho in itia te d the government persecution of H o ffa w h ile counsel fo r the a n ti- la b o r Senate M cC le llan com­m ittee.

The Supreme C ourt a ffirm e d the ju ry -ta m p e rin g charge de­spite a plea b y the Am erican C iv il L ibe rties Union to set i t aside. The conviction had been obtained on the basis o f testim ony by a government in fo rm e r. The in fo rm er, Edw ard P a rtin , is a fo rm er Teamster o ffic ia l w ho accepted the stool-pigeon assignment w h ile charges o f embezzlement, k idnapp ing and m anslaughter were pending against h im .

The governm ent has used an assortment o f d ir ty tr icks to “ get” H o ffa , both in the ju ry -ta m p e rin g t r ia l and in a Chicago t r ia l w here he was convicted o f conspiring to defraud a union pension fund, a conviction now slated fo r h ig h -co u rt review . In add ition to the use of a planted, ta in ted stool pigeon, the gov­ernm ent has used w ire -tap p ing and e lectronic bugs in its a n ti- H o ffa drive. Indeed, its practices have been so ra w th a t the A C LU was jo ined by the Association o f C rim ina l T r ia l Law yers in protesting.

W ashington’s c la im th a t i t is m ere ly try in g to pro tect the union ranks from “ crooks” is ju s t b u ll. M ore than one crooked union bureaucrat hustles votes fo r the Democrats and dines a t the W h ite House. The governm ent’s ta rge t is the Teamsters un ion itse lf, an in it ia l ta rget in a d rive i t intends to widen.

Samuel Younge and Black PowerDem onstrating students at Tuskegee In s titu te made an im ­

portan t p o in t when they painted a confederate statue b lack and added the words: “ B lack Pow er!” The enraged students were pro testing the Dec. 9 acquita l o f M a rv in Segrest, a w h ite man w ho had gunned down one o f th e ir fe llo w students.

The student was Samuel Younge, Jr., a 21-year-o ld rights a ctiv is t w ho had been invo lved in a local vo te r-reg is tra tion d rive w hen he died last Jan. 3.

D u ring the day, he had been pushed by one o f the registrars w ho threatened h im w ith a kn ife , and said. “ I ’m tire d of foo ling around w ith you. I ’m going to sp ill you r guts.”

SNCC w orkers reported the inc ident im m edia te ly to the F B I and Justice Departm ent and urged federa l in te rven tion and p ro ­tection. N ot su rp ris ing ly , none came.

Tha t n ight, Younge w ent to a gas station operated by Segrest and asked to use the men’s room. He was re fe rred to a hole in back relegated by “ custom” to blacks. Younge insisted on his r ig h t to use the regu la r rest room. He died o f a gun shot wound in the head.

Massive demonstrations erupted at Tuskegee at the tim e of the k i l l in g and Segrest was ind icted fo r second degree m urder. However, h is t r ia l was transfe rred from the predom inantly b lack tow n o f Tuskegee to Opelika, about 49 m iles away, on the cla im th a t he couldn’t get a fa ir t r ia l in Tuskegee. In Opelika, an a ll- w h ite ju r y “ deliberated” an hour and a qua rte r and then cleared the k ille r.

The lesson in fe rre d by the Tuskegee students, who embla­zoned the demand fo r B lack Power on the statue, is simple. As long as b lack people are w ith o u t p o litica l power in th is racist society, hate-w arped w hites w i l l continue to k i l l innocent blacks and get away w ith it.

BOSTO N. Boston Labor Forum , 293 H un­tingdon A ve „ Room 307, Boston. Mass.

C H IC A G O . Socialist W orkers P arty and bookstore, 302 South Canal S t . Room 204, Chicago, 111. 80606. W E 9-5044.C L E V E L A N D . Eugene V . Debs H a ll, 2nd floor west, 9801 Euclid A ve.. Cleveland, Ohio 44106. Telephone: 791-1669. M ilita n t Forum meets every Sunday n ight a t 7:30.D E N V E R . M ilita n t Labor Forum . P.O. B ox 2849, D enver, Colo. 80201.D E T R O IT . Eugene V . Debs H a ll, 3737 W oodward, Detroit, M ich. 48201. TEm ple 1-6135. F rid ay N igh t Socialist Forum held w eek ly a t 8 p.m.LOS A N G E LE S . Socialist W orkers P arty , 1702 East Fourth St.. L .A ., C alif. 90033 A N 9-4963 or W E 5-9233. Open 1 to 5 p.m. on Wednesday.M IL W A U K E E . 150 E . Juneau A ve., M il­w aukee, Wise. 53302.M IN N E A P O L IS . S ocialist W orkers P a rty and Labo r B ook S tore, 704 H ennepin

[On Nov. 6, the United Secre­tariat of the Fourth International issued a statement on “The In ter­nal Crisis in China.” Tracing- the development of the present poli­tical struggle in China, which is unfolding under the guise of a “cultural revolution,” the state­ment probes the intra-hureaucra- tic conflicts reflected in the strug­gle. I t assesses the role of the Red Guards and relates the internal crisis to the international political situation.

Space limitations prevent us from publishing the entire state­ment. The complete text appeared in the Dec. 16 W orld Outlook and may be obtained by sending 50 cents to: P.O. Box 635, Madison Sq. Sta., New York, N. Y. 10010.

The following are excerpts from the statement.]

The real question at issue is most certa in ly not the restoration o f capitalism. W hat is involved essentially is an in tra-bureaucra- tic conflic t, a ffecting various la y ­ers, over w hat line to adopt in re lation to the crucia l issues of the present stage and to the long- range problems of perspective con­fron ting the bureaucratic leader­ship at th is stage . . .

The second wave o f the “ cu l­tu ra l revo lu tion” and the form ation o f the Red Guards were the pro­ducts of a situation o f th is nature w ith in the party. In the face of resistance and hesitations of a ll kinds, the group assembled around Mao and L in Piao decided to mo­bilize the masses p a rtia lly and to gain a new instrum ent o f pres­sure, capable o f being used against a part o f the apparatus of the party and the state. The deci­sion was to take a d is tinc tly l i ­m ited sector — the student masses — w ith w hich the Mao group wanted to establish close rela­tions and w hich i t also considered i t could contro l and channelize more easily . . .

Leadership WeakensIn any case, the Mao leadership

w il l emerge much weakened from th is test. Up to now the masses saw i t as homogeneous and strong, standing on the trad ition of the victorious revolution. Now, d iv i­sions have appeared openly and the wear and tear has proved to be serious. From now on, the lead-

LBJ’s Slip of the Finger

A ve., H a ll 240, M inn ., M inn . 55403. F E d - eral 2-7781. Open 1 to 5 p.m.. Monday through F riday , Saturday. 11 a.m .-5 p.m.N E W A R K . N ew ark Labor Forum , Box 361, N ew ark , N ew Jersey 07101.N EW Y O R K C IT Y . M ilita n t Labor For­um. 873 Broadway (at 18th S t.), N .Y ., N .Y . 10003. 982 6051.O A K L A N D -B E R K E L E Y . SoclaUst W o rk ­ers P a rty and Pioneer Bookstore. 2003 M llv la , Berkeley, C alil. 94704. Phone: 848-3992. Open 2 to 7 p.m. Monday thru Frid ay ; Saturday 12 to 5 p.m.P H IL A D E L P H IA . M ilita n t Labor Forum : P.O. Box 8412, P hila ., Pa. 19101.ST. LO U IS . Phone EVergreen 9-2895. Ask fo r D ick C larke.S A N D IE G O . San D iego Labor Forum . 1853 Irv in g St., San Diego, C a lil. 92113.S A N FR A N C IS C O . M ilita n t Labor Forum . 1733 W aller, S .F., C a lil. 94117. S E A TTL E . SoclaUst W orkers P arty . L A 2-4325.

The Am erican press, w hich a l­ways tries to convert small things in to big sensations, was fille d w ith headlines, editoria ls and ponder­ous th in k columns fo r several days a fte r the Texas W hite House ad­m itted Dec. 6 tha t a m istake had been made in the b ill fo r the w ar in Vietnam. Instead of $10,000,- 000,000 a year, i t is runn ing about $20,000,000,000. I t appears that Johnson’s finger slipped when he was to ting up a column o f figures.

A c tua lly the e rro r was only too human. Johnson, i t seems, was at the adding machine during the excitement of the election cam­paign.

Doubts ErrorThere are those, however, who

are try in g to read something deeper in to i t than a mere slip of the finger. Edw in L . Dala, Jr., in a Dec. 7 dispatch from Wash­ington to the New Y ork Times, said: “ There is a widespread view here tha t the o rig ina l understate­ment o f expenditure was largely po litica l, to make the w a r seem cheaper than i t was, pa rticu la rly before the election.”

S tu ff and nonsense! Anyone w ith any experience at a ll knows how easy i t is to h it the w rong key on an adding machine o r cash register. U sually the errors are on the side o f management, due to the fac t tha t the law of averages happens to favo r the p ro fit-m a k ­

ing system. B u t occasionally an e rro r does occur tha t makes the customer feel tem porarily richer than he is.

Of course, a ll pa trio tic A m er­icans — an easy-come-easy-go- lo t — w il l laugh o ff th is e rro r as a big joke on Johnson and dig up the change so the ir w ell-m eaning and usually n im ble-fingered president w on’t be stuck w ith it.

Our Pious President

The rejection, a p rio ri, o f a united fro n t w ith the USSR and the other workers states on the V ietnam w ar seriously in ju red the cause o f the National L ibera tion F ron t and the defense o f the Dem­ocratic Republic of V ietnam, and, in the fin a l analysis, of the C hi­nese People’s Republic itself, threatened as i t likew ise is by im peria lis t aggression.

Growing IsolationA ll of th is — together w ith the

u tiliza tion of odious methods of pressure and even b lackm ail (fo r instance, on the m atter o f rice fo r Cuba, and the reprisals against the Japanese CP) — contributed in a decisive w ay to the grow ing isolation o f the Chinese leaders in the in te rnationa l Communist movement . . .

A t the present time, the Fourth In te rnationa l rea ffirm s the need to establish a united fro n t o f a ll the workers states and parties on a p la tfo rm o f consistent struggle against the Am erican aggression in Vietnam.

United FrontW hile the Fourth In te rnationa l

maintains its severe critic ism of the m ajor responsib ility of the So­v ie t bureaucracy; w h ile we hold tha t d is trust on the part o f China can be explained by a whole series o f positions by Moscow (extending from its passive posi­tion in V ietnam to its equivocal po licy in Europe and from m i­lita ry aid to the reactionary H indu bourgeoisie to the loan granted the m ilita r is t government of B ra ­z i l) ; w h ile we believe tha t a So­v ie t leadership measuring up to its duties w ould re a ffirm its a l­liance w ith China in the hour of danger and make i t clear to im ­peria lism w ithou t any possib ility of m isunderstanding tha t a w ar against China would be considered an attack against the Soviet Union, i t likew ise condemns the ou trigh t re jection by M ao-L in Piao of a united fro n t and jo in t ac­tion . . .

W ith regards to the problems o f the in ternationa l workers move­ment, the Fourth In te rna tiona l holds tha t a whole series o f re ­cent experiences — in the f irs t place, the catastrophe in Indone­sia — must be c r itica lly probed to the bottom. Those responsible fo r the po licy tha t led to the disasterous defeat must be m erci­lessly denounced . . .

“CU LTU R A L R EVO LU TIO N ”? Youthful Red Guards march through Peking w ith banner featuring portrait of ubiquitous Chairman Mao.

ership w il l be judged by the cadres in a much more c ritica l and questioning s p ir it . . .

In the fie ld of in ternational po­licy , i t was pa rticu la rly in re la­tion to the crisis in Indonesia and the course of the w ar in V ietnam tha t the Chinese positions under­w ent a severe test. The m ainten­ance, despite criticism s levelled against Khrushchevism, o f out- and-out opportunist orientations w ith regard to certain national bourgeoisies of the colonial or ex­colonial countries, and the de­te rm ination to subordinate to a large degree the needs of the an­ti-cap ita lis t struggle o f the masses to the dip lom atic needs of the state, unquestionably contributed to the tragic defeat of the Indo­nesian CP, the most fa ith fu l a lly of the Chinese CP fo r a number of years.

Monday, December 19, 1966 THE M IL ITA N T Page Five

LAUNCHED M O VEM ENT. Scene during 1964 sit-in at Univer­sity of California at Berkeley. Police attack helped launch m ilitant Berkeley Free Speech Movement.

By Lew JonesProtest invo lv ing a high per­

centage of the student body have recently rocked a number of cam­puses. The largest was the stu­dent s trike at Berkeley, w hich saw8,000 students attend ra llies and an estimated 50 percent refuse to go to classes. A t New Y o rk U n i­versity, 75 percent of the student body partic ipated in a one-day boycott o f classes (see page 8). Over 4,000 students protested a ban on s it-ins at the U n ivers ity o f M ichigan, and la te r 1,500 con­ducted a s it- in demonstration. There have been other, smaller actions, such as the protest by 500 students against C IA recruiters on campus at Columbia.

A t Berkeley, the issues involved concern a deliberate offensive by the un ive rs ity adm inistration against student rights to pa rtic i­pate in rad ica l politics. The spe­c ific issue w h ich triggered the s trike was un ive rs ity use o f po­lice to attack an a n ti-d ra ft lite ra ­tu re table set up next to a Navy rec ru iting table.

The N Y U boycott was pa rt of a struggle against a tu itio n in ­crease, and students demanded the r ig h t to partic ipate in the ad­m in is tra tion o f the un ivers ity .

A t the U n ive rs ity o f M ichigan, students were objecting to the un ive rs ity practice of tu rn ing over names of members of campus ra ­d ical po litica l organizations to the w itchhunting HUAC committee, and to a ban on s it- in demon­strations.

A t Columbia, in addition to the protest of C IA recru iting on the

[The firs t two items reprinted below appeared in the Nov. 28 issue of the San Francisco Chron­icle.]

* * *

SAN TA CRUZ — A n elderly w idow who was evicted from her apartm ent last m onth was found dead Saturday in a cave she had dug fo r herself beneath a fa llen tree in H enry Cowel Redwood State Park.

The body was found by a fish ­erman about a m ile from the near­est road near the San Lorenzo R iver, and about five m iles from Santa Cruz.

D eputy Coroner James Powell said yesterday tha t Lasca Norma Gibboney, 60, had been dead about 48 hours. A n autopsy has been ordered.

Powell said Mrs. Gibboney had been evicted fro m her Santa Cruz apartm ent fo r non-paym ent of rent.

He said she may have been l iv ­ing a he rm it’s existence since then, although no food was found near her. The fu lly -c lo thed body was surrounded by personal effects, in ­c luding tw o coats.

Powell said Mrs. G ibboney’s fam ily , w hich included a parent and a brother and sister in Santa Cruz, lost contact w ith he r about tw o years ago.

* * *

NEW YO R K — A young mother — friendless, destitute and suf­fe ring from cancer — plunged from a w indow o f her f if th - f lo o r apartment before dawn yesterday w ith her son in her arms. Both were k illed .

Police ten ta tive ly iden tified the v ictim s as M aria Jessurun, a Ve­nezuelan in her late 20s, and her s ix -year-o ld son, San Diego . . .

Police said Mrs. Jessurun was under treatm ent fo r cancer and

campus, students have demanded tha t a student referendum on w hether class ranks should be turned over to the d ra ft board be b ind ing on the adm inistration.

The issues involved in these struggles are democratic righ ts — the democratic rights o f students to partic ipate in po litica l struggles in the society as a whole, and the democratic r ig h t to partic ipate in the function ing of the campus itself. This la tte r aspect has been generalized in some o f these struggles in to a demand fo r “ stu­dent power,” or student control of the un iversity.

Campus RadicalizationThe background to these cam­

pus outbreaks is the grow ing ra ­dicalization on the campus. Be­g inn ing w ith the support to the Negro struggle in 1960, up to the present an tiw ar movement, there has been a grow th of le ft-w in g ideas, organizations and actions on the campus. This growth- of campus radicalism has p rec ip it­ated the current student conflicts w ith un ive rs ity authorities both through the struggle fo r democra­tic rights fo r le ft-w in g organiza­tions and in the example of p ro ­test set by the student po litica l activists.

The Am erican student is con­fronted w ith da ily contradictions. Taught tha t the system in the U.S. is the bastion of democracy and the torch-bearer of freedom, the students see a re a lity o f govern­ment hypocrisy, a w ar of aggres­sion in V ietnam and an in ten­tiona l denial of human rights fo r

had been despondent fo r some time. H er husband’s whereabouts were unknown and she appeared to have neither relatives nor friends in New York.

There was no money or food in the apartment and police found tha t the woman owed three months back rent. A bank book showed a balance o f $1.35.

* * *

[The following are excerpts from an article that appeared in the Nov. 28 New York Post.]

* * *

Barbaralee D. Diamonstein, a slight, animated young woman w ith hazel eyes and shoulder- length curls, looks like an ingenue and sounds like an academician.

The combination is bound to en­hance her new role as Parks Com­missioner H oving ’s Special Assist­ant fo r C u ltu ra l A ffa irs . The tit le is so recent tha t the $15,000 salary tha t accompanies i t has not yet been o ff ic ia lly approved, bu t D r. Diamonstein . . . views her new assignment w ith lim itless enthu­siasm . . .

The handsome, culture-packed duplex she shares w ith her m oth­er in the East 70s establishes the broad range o f Mrs. D iamonstein’s eclectic tastes: Regency fu rn itu re , a D u fy over the mantel, a small Ben Shahn, Meissen ware in the fo rm al d in ing room and, on l iv ­ing room w all, something called k ine tic sculpture . . .

A native New Y orker . . . Mrs. D iamonstein considers herself one of the group P rof. Goldman has dubbed Metro-Americans.

“ Young, educated, la rge ly m id ­dle-class Americans, who take fo r granted the pressing concerns of our forefathers, such as housing, clo th ing and food, and are reach­ing out fo r the refinements of life ,” she explained . . .

A fro-Am ericans. A t the un ivers i­ty itse lf, w hich many students look to fo r genuine education, the student is treated as an object, a commodity to be produced, ready to take his place as an in te llectua l servant o f the capita list society around him.

The student has few alterna­tives in resolving these conflicts. He can e ither give in , and t r y to get ahead w ith in the system, as most students do; he can drop in to the cynicism and despair of the bohemian underground; o r he can fig h t and search fo r a strategy to change the system.

In recent years the grow th in the number o f students who have begun to oppose the system to one degree or another, has meant a developing con flic t w ith the un ive rs ity authorities, who repre­sent the forces of the status quo.

The current conflict? between students and un ive rs ity au thori­ties have been seized upon by the press to attack the idea o f “ stu­dent power.” A fte r a week of biased articles and a couple of “ get tough” editorials, the Nov. 12 New Y ork Times carried an artic le entitled: “ The StudentThreat to U n ive rs ity Indepen­dence,” by education editor Fred M. Hechinger. Hechinger explains tha t student contro l has never worked. R eferring to expanded student rights he says, “ The con­sequences to the national interest — both in the production o f edu­cated manpower and in terms of po litica l s tab ility — is disaster- ous.”

Defends CapitalismHechinger, re flecting the views

o f the powers tha t be, is afra id o f expanded student rights and u ltim ate student control o f the un ivers ity . He doesn’t w an t the “ national interest” damaged. W hat he is ta lk ing about is the “ na­tiona l interest” of the American capita lis t class, w h ich wants the un ive rs ity to continue to perform its functions of serving capitalism.

The interests o f the capita list class in the un ive rs ity are direct: they w an t the un ive rs ity to tu rn out the scientists, engineers and adm inistrators needed fo r both c iv ilia n and m ilita ry production; they w ant tra ined ideological apologists fo r capita lism ; they w an t m ilita ry research such as the germ -w arfare pro ject at the U n ive rs ity of Pennsylvania; and in general, they w ant students tra ined to help operate the capita l­is t system. They don’t w an t stu­dents rebe lling against the values of capita list society, and they espe­c ia lly don’t w an t students to be­come opponents o f capitalism . The educational function of the u n i­vers ity is distorted and molded by these aims.

Chain of CommandThe capita lis t class controls the

universities through boards of re­gents and trustees (where “ cap­tains of industry” are w e ll-rep re ­sented), through the government, and through its contro l o f the p r i­vate and public funds of the u n i­versities. Thus, the demand fo r student power is aimed not only at the un ive rs ity adm inistration, as some student leaders believe. Behind the adm inistration stands the capita list class, its govern­ment and the whole state appara­tus, includ ing the police, national guard and armed forces. This has been made ve ry clear in recent years in Berkeley, where police and the national guard have been used against students. The actual achievement o f student control, therefore, is no simple m atter, bu t involves fundam ental questions of power in the society as a whole.

I t w ould be an illus ion to ex­pect to achieve genuine and com­plete student contro l short o f a basic change in society. B u t the curren t struggles can make lim ited gains and w in concessions in the area of student rights and even

w in a student voice in some as­pects of the adm inistration. They help to fu rth e r rad ica l po litica l protest and organization.

There is a continual pressure on student leaders, however, to con­duct struggles fo r student rights as a substitute fo r confronting the government on m ajor po litica l is­sues. For example, a member of Students fo r a Democratic Society (and Progressive Labor) at Co­lum bia recently proposed tha t the Columbia an tiw ar committee dis­solve, and its members, to “ most e ffective ly” fig h t the war, go in to SDS to fig h t on the question of the student referendum. This was opposed by both the overw helm ­ing m a jo rity of the an tiw a r com­m ittee and by other members of SDS.

Struggles around student rights provide an opportun ity fo r the an­tiw a r movement to surge forward, not backward. Most o f the cam­pus struggles invo lve the an tiw ar movement and its rights d irectly, since the V ietnam w ar is the most im portan t issue on campus at the present tim e. Even in cases like NYU, where the fig h t is over tu i­tion, an tiw ar issues are also at stake — the tu itio n rise is part of the general war-exacerbated in fla tion . The an tiw a r movement should explain the connection be­tween such issues and the V ie t-

The N in th Congress of the B u l­garian Communist Party, w hich was held in Sofia Nov. 14-19, was a ra ther cu t-and-dried a ffa ir tha t s tirred l it t le interest among Com­m unist circles. However, a m ili­tan t note in re lation to the w ar in V ietnam was sounded by Huh Suk Sun, the head of a fra te rna l delegation from the Korean W ork­ers Party.

In the f irs t pa rt o f his speech, H uh Suk Sun gave high praise to the Bulgarian Communist Par­ty and the achievements regis­tered in B ulgaria since capitalism was overturned there. He then w ent on to present the Korean v iew on the w ar in Vietnam:

“ The U.S. im peria lists are fu r th ­er escalating the ir w ar of aggres­sion in V ietnam . . .

“ The obtaining situation makes i t incum bent upon the a n ti- im ­peria lis t forces of the w o rld to un ite close and fu rth e r in tensify the struggle against im peria lism , U.S. im peria lism in particu lar.

“ A l l the socialist countries should take a colder and tougher

nam w ar. New recru its to the an­tiw a r movement can be made by figh ting un ive rs ity com plic ity in the V ietnam war. The im portan t th ing is to step up an tiw ar ac tiv i­ty and propaganda, connecting the w ar w ith student rights, and not to liqu ida te the an tiw ar move­ment under the banner o f student power.

Socialist ProgramAlso, the socialist movement on

campus can, in addition to raising the connections between student rights and the struggle against the V ietnam w ar, raise the more gen­eral social questions o f who con­tro ls the un ive rs ity and the socie­ty.

There is a connection between democratic righ ts on the campus and the la rger questions o f the class nature o f U.S. society. So­cialists should enter the curren t struggles on campus w ith the ir analysis of. the un ive rs ity and so­ciety. They can exp la in tha t the real power behind the adm inistra­tion is the capita lis t class and its state, and tha t the students by themselves have to look to an­other force in the society — the w ork ing class — to fin d the pow­er to w in the fig h t fo r the ideals o f peace, brotherhood and demo­cracy many students are begin­n ing to champion.

a ttitude tow ard U.S. im peria lism and thoroughly expose and con­demn its po licy of aggression ev­erywhere.

“ As the U.S. im peria lists are escalating the w a r o f aggression in V ietnam , so the socialist coun­tries and a ll the progressive peo­ples of the w o rld should escalate th e ir struggle to oppose U.S. im ­peria lism and aid Vietnam.

“ O nly through a staunch strug­gle against U.S. im peria lism can its policies o f aggression and war be frustra ted and peace safe­guarded.

“ Today, i t is ve ry im portan t to defend the cohesion o f the social­is t camp and so lida rity o f the in te rnationa l comm unist move­ment.

“ To th is end, a ll the commu­n ist and w orkers’ parties should abide by the norms governing the relations between fra te rna l parties such as equality, inde­pendency, m utua l respect, non­interference in each other’s in ­te rna l a ffa irs and comradely co­operation.”

The American Way of Life

North Korean Leaders Urge Escalated Vietnam Defense

A SOCIALIST VIEW

The Issue of ‘Student Power’

Page Six THE M IL ITA N T Monday, December 19, 1966

Thousands at Rally in Paris Back War Crimes Tribunal

By Ken CoatesOutside the great ha ll o f the

M u tua lity in Paris Nov. 28, thou­sands o f young people were m ill ­ing around every entrance. The h a ll was fu l l , jam m ed w ith at least6,000 people, standing in every corridor, craning th e ir necks over the stairways. Once you were in, i t was impossible to move, and quite impossible to get out through the seething thousands who were s tra in ing to get in . A ltogether, perhaps 10,000, perhaps 15,000 had mustered.

The occasion was not a v is it fro m the Beatles. I t was altogether more serious: a ra lly , “ S ix Hours fo r V ietnam ,” organized under the honorary presidency o f B er­trand Russell, a t w hich, alongside other em inent spokesmen of the independent le ft in France, ap­peared a whole galaxy of in te rna­tiona l figures, centered around a group o f members o f the W ar Crimes T ribuna l.

The meeting was chaired by Lauren t Schwartz, h im self a mem­ber o f the T ribuna l, and amongst h is colleagues speaking were Jean- P aul Sartre, V la d im ir D edijer, Dave Dellinger, Courtland Cox (representing the Student Non­v io len t Coordinating Committee and S tokely Carm ichael), and Ralph Schoenman, who brought a personal message from Bertrand Russell.

again, the you th fu l audience cheered m ilita n t speakers to the echo.

Sartre, who went out of his way to appeal on behalf of the Peru­vian revolutionary, Hugo Blanco, who is in im m inent danger of being ju d ic ia lly murdered in p ris ­on, was given a standing ovation.

[The November 30 Le Monde reported h im as saying, “ We w ant peace in Vietnam, bu t not ju s t any k ind of peace. Peace must consist of recognition o f the in ­dependence and sovereignty of Vietnam. B u t we don’t w an t peace solely because of m oral reasons. M o ra lity is not a su ffic ien t ju s ti­fication. O ur theme, the themes o f our struggle, must be po litica l . . . This is the way we must show our so lidarity w ith the Vietnamese people. The ir struggle is our strug­gle. I t is our struggle against Am erican hegemony, against Am erican im peria lism .” Sartre ended by declaring, “ A defeat fo r the Vietnamese people w ould be a po litica l defeat fo r us, a defeat fo r a ll the free peoples. Because V ie t­nam is figh ting fo r us.” ]

Urge SolidarityS im ila r ovations were given the

spokesman of the Vietnamese Na­tiona l L ibera tion Front, and Dave Dellinger, who appealed fo r aid to the American people — not of money ( “ We’ve got too much of

A Cuban View of World StruggleLast August, the Fourth Con­

gress of Latin American Students was held in Havana. The closing session was addressed by D r. A r­mando H art, organizational secre­tary of the new, united Commu­nist Party of Cuba. D r. H art polemicized against reform ist cur­rents in Latin America and argued fo r the need to unite around a revolutionary perspective. Relating the perspectives of the Latin American revolution to those of Asia and Africa, he went on to discuss the interrelationship of the revolutionary struggle in the col­onial world and in the advanced capitalist countries. Although de­livered some months ago, we be­lieve this particular section of D r. H art’s speech w ill be of interest to U.S. readers, particularly tbose active in the movement against the Vietnam war. The translation is from the English-language edi­tion of Granma.

The po litica l position approved in the T ricontinenta l Conference constitutes an essential base fo r u n ity among revolutionaries . . . . And na tu ra lly , tha t po litica l posi­tion, even though i t is the position o f three continents, is not iso la t­ed from the rest o f the w orld. The T ricontinenta l also defined the im portance of closing ranks, of strengthening ties w ith popular movements, especially w ith the w ork ing class and progressive sec­tors in cap ita lis t countries and w ith the socialist countries as a whole.

The po litica l position of the T r i- continental is not, therefore, a position lim ited to three conti­nents, bu t ra ther i t is a position w h ich unites the revo lu tionary movement o f the whole w orld . B u t these ties are not expressed in a simple program, in a po litica l p la tfo rm . These ties express them ­selves in a specific way, fo r ex­ample, in the actions taken by peoples of cap ita lis t countries showing so lida rity w ith the libe ra ­tion struggles of the peoples of underdeveloped countries.

There already exists im portan t experience in th is regard.

V ery often, we revolutionaries speak of the need fo r u n ity be­tween the w ork ing class and p ro ­

gressive sectors in capita list coun­tries and the revo lu tionary move­ment in Asia, A frica and La tin America. This has been said many times.

B u t there is a practical example w hich ve ry c learly illustra tes to us how th is occurs. And th is ex­ample is in the repercussions in many capita list countries, inc lud ­ing the U nited States itse lf, of the progress of the war, the revo lu­tion in Vietnam.

The revo lu tionary movement in V ietnam has made an im portan t contribu tion to the people’s strug­gle w ith in the United States i t ­self.

The m ilitancy of the masses in certain sectors of the U.S. pop­ulation has increased because of the development of the revo lu tion in Vietnam.

This also shows us tha t the un­ion of revo lu tionary forces in Asia, A frica , and La tin America w ith the w ork ing class and pro-

tha t already,” he said) bu t of so lida rity in the struggle fo r peace.

Courtland Cox, who has been w ork ing in the fie ld fo r SNCC, in the heart o f the most b itte r ly rac ia lis t areas o f the southern states, said tha t the oppression of the b lack people at home in the USA, and of the Vietnamese peo­ple abroad, were p a rt o f one and the same struggle. “ You w on’t get us to fig h t the people of V ietnam ; not i f he ll freezes over,” he said. “ We are brothers.”

Lawrence D a ly also received deafening applause when he pu t pu t the case fo r so lida rity w ith the Vietnamese people and de­scribed the struggle in B rita in .

Not every speech was received so w arm ly . Nobel prize w inner A lfre d K astle r’s ca ll fo r a U nited Nations neutra l force of peace­keepers was received w ith m ount­ing unease, tu rn ing in to boos and catcalls.

The A lgerian spokesman, M ah- moud Guennez, was strongly heckled w ith loud cries of “ Free

Ben B e lla ” and “ Free H arb i,” and protests, “ W hat about torture?” These turned in to loud chanting at the end of his speech.

B u t on the other hand, a most m oving demonstration o f so lida rity took place when Abderamane Youssefi, the Moroccan speaker and a colleague o f the m urdered Ben Barka, took the rostrum .

The rem arkable th ing about the whole meeting is the w ay in w h ich i t was assembled en tire ly by the independent socialist forces, the P a rti Socialiste U n ifi£ and the numerous le ft groupings of Paris. In spite of every appeal, the French Communist P a rty stayed aloof, and I ’Humanitd, the o ffic ia l CP daily, even w ent so fa r as to report a r ig h tis t attack upon the organizers’ o fficer, w hich took place the n igh t before the ra lly , w ithou t m entioning a word about the ve ry demonstration w h ich had aroused this hostile action fro m the righ t. B u t th is remote a ttitude w il l no t be tenable fo r ve ry much longer, i f the response to th is ra lly is anyth ing to go by.

gressive sectors of the capita list countries w il l also be produced through the development of the revo lu tion in underdeveloped countries, in the countries of the three underdeveloped continents.

This shows us c learly tha t the advance, the progress of revo lu­tion in Asia, A frica and L a tin Am erica does not divide, bu t unites the peoples o f those three conti- ments w ith the peoples o f the capita lis t countries. I t shows this clearly. As the revo lu tion ad­vances, as i t progresses in these three continents, the revo lu tionary u n ity o f a ll the people and a ll the workers o f the w orld w il l become a ll the more evident.

For the revo lu tionary people of these three continents, the funda­mental task on behalf o f the u n ity o f the workers of the w orld is, above a ll, to make the revolution. In so doing, they w il l close ranks w ith the popular movements in a ll the capita list countries.

Dedijer Scored by Yugoslavs For Russell Tribunal Role

H IG H ER EDUCATION. Boston-area students at rally against Vietnam war. Struggle of Vietnamese people against U.S. ag­gression has awakened many U.S. students to nature of im ­perialism.

V la d im ir D edijer, the Yugoslav historian and author of the book T ito Speaks, has been subjected to heavy pressure because o f his partic ipation in the In te rnationa l W ar Crimes T ribuna l in itia ted by Bertrand Russell, according to a report in the Nov. 16 issue o f the Paris weekly Le Nouvel Obser- vateur.

D ed ije r fe ll in to disfavor w ith the T ito regime in 1955 when he expressed so lida rity w ith M ilovan D jilas. He was sentenced to prison fo r “ disseminating news in the American press p re jud ic ia l to his own country.” H is sentence was commuted and he was perm itted to go abroad. A fte r teaching his­to ry at Manchester, H arvard and Cornell, he f in a lly returned to Yugoslavia about a year ago.

Known For IntegrityRussell knew o f his reputation

fo r in teg rity and considered h im p a rticu la rly w e ll-qua lified to serve on the T ribuna l. D ed ije r accepted, becoming the sole member on the T ribuna l from any o f the workers states.

From Belgrade, P io tr Sardej re­ported to Le Nouvel Observateur w ha t happened next:

“ D ed ije r explained in the Bel­grade newspaper P o litika w hy he had accepted th is inv ita tion . A l it t le la te r he was attacked by Josip V idm ar, chairm an of the Academy o f Sciences of Slovenia, close fr iend of Edvard K arde lj and fo rm er president of the Slo­vene Republic. According to V id ­mar, Yugoslavia did not need to partic ipate in Bertrand Russell’s enterprise nor conduct propaganda fo r him. V idm ar’s theses on the w ar in V ietnam strangely resem­bled those o f the Americans, in ­dicating the po litica l confusion re ign ing in certa in leading circles of the Yugoslav Communist League.

“ A newspaper of the students o f L jub ljana , Trubuna, took up D ed ije r’s defense and even formed

a committee to support the Ber­trand Russell T ribuna l. The author d id not hesitate to accuse the Yugoslav government o f fu rn ish ­ing shoes fo r the Am erican arm y r ig h t during the w a r in V ietnam . I t was to be hoped tha t th is courageous move w ould be made the occasion fo r opening a free discussion on the w ar in Asia. The poet M atej Bor, chairman o f the W rite rs U nion o f Yugoslavia, and several other figures w ro te an open le tte r in w h ich they so lidar- ized w ith D edijer. The authorities intervened and barred i t from be­ing published.

“ I t is no t know n yet w hether the Yugoslav authorities envisage tak ing measures against D ed ije r I f they do so, D edijer, sentenced ten years ago on charges o f ‘A m er­icanism,’ w ould now be condemned fo r the opposite — w hich w ould be tru ly paradoxical.”

Je an -P au l S a rtre

The meeting was big in every sense o f the word. A fte r a plenary session, w hich included a f i lm in w hich F ide l Castro spoke in de­fense o f the Vietnamese revo lu­tion and w hich lasted in a ll fo r some three hours, the ra lly broke up in to a num ber o f seminars, some of which contained w e ll over1,000 people, to discuss various aspects o f aid to the Vietnamese people’s struggle.

B u t w ith a ll its vast size and marathon organization, the th ing tha t was most insp iring about the ra lly was its enthusiasm. Tim e and

Ho Endorses War Crimes ProbeIn striking contrast to the Johnson administration, which

is trying to hamstring the International W ar Crimes Tribunal, the government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam is sup­porting its efforts. Thus on Nov. 17 Ho Chi M inh sent a message to Bertrand Russell.

“On the occasion of the setting up on your initiative of the International Tribunal to condemn the U.S. war crimes,” Ho Chi Minh said, “I wish to send to you my best congratulations. The U.S. imperialists are expanding their w ar against national independence and peace in Vietnam. Monstrous atrocities and crimes more odious than those perpetrated by the H itlerite fascists are being committed by the U.S. of America. The solemn condemnation of these crimes by the International T rib ­unal w ill arouse universal indignation against the U.S. ag­gressors and intensify the movement of protest of the peoples of all countries demanding the cessation of this criminal war and the withdrawal of the troops of the U.S. and its satellites from Vietnam.”

Monday, December 19, 1966 THE M IL ITA N T Page Seven

Letters from our readers[T his column is an open forum

fo r a ll viewpoints on subjects of general in terest to our readers. Please keep your letters brief. Where necessary they w i l l be abridged. W rite rs ’ in it ia ls w i l l be used, names being w ithhe ld unless authorization is given fo r use.]

Bond in IndianopolisIndianapolis, Ind.

Ju lian Bond spoke here Sun­day, Dec. 4, ju s t before the Su­preme Court ru led the Georgia legislature should seat him , on the subject of the Southern freedom struggle. He was heard by a sym­pathetic and well-im pressed au­dience of over 200.

Bond la id pa rticu la r emphasis on the significance of the Lowndes County Freedom Party, w h ich he sees as assim ilating the po litica l experience tha t the movement has had since 1960. In a m oving and convincing way, Bond described the liv in g dynamic of the South­ern Negroes grow ing re jection of the tw o g ia jo r big-business par­ties.

In addition, Bond strongly sup­ported SNCC, S tokely Carmichael and the concept of b lack power. A nd he strongly denounced the d (r ty w ar in Vietnam, advocating U.S. w ithd raw a l.

R.L.

No Freedom, No W ar[The fo llow ing le tte r was re­

ceived by Paul Boutelle, who is active in the A fro-Am ericans Against the W ar in Vietnam, and is reprin ted w ith permission of the w rite r.]

A tla n tic C ity, N.J. Dear M r. Boutelle,

I am deeply interested in w hat your committee is try in g to do. I have tw o brothers o f d ra ft age, 18 and 19, who are refusing to go to V ietnam or any other place and be k ille d fo r some m illio n ­a ire ’s property or rights. I per­sonally cannot see w hy anyone in his r ig h t m ind can go to V ietnam and fig h t when Congress has not declared war.

LOS ANGELES MARXIST CO M M EN TAR Y. A bi-weok-

ly analysis of the news by Theodore Ed­wards, So. Calif, chairman of the So­cialist Workers Party. Mon., Dec. 26, 6:45 p.m. (repeated Thurs., Dec. 29, 12:45 p.m.) KPFK-FM (90.7 on your dial.)

•N EW YORK

DR. ANNETTE T. RUBINSTEIN, author and literary critic, will speak on M A - RAT/SADE: A New Dimension in Social Drama. Fri., Dec. 23, 8:30 p.m. 873 Broadway, a t 18th St. Contrib. ( I . Ausp. M ilitant Labor Forum.

I feel today tha t A fro -A m erican youth have a great challenge to meet. The answer should be a loud “ no” — no freedom, no w ar.

The f irs t soldier k ille d from A t­lan tic C ity was an A fro -Am erican who had also fought in the Dom­inican Republic. He was a student w ith m y brothers. I wonder w hat he died fo r. H is mother, fa ther, sisters and brothers are s t i l l l iv ­ing in ra t traps. B y the way, the C ity Fathers d id p lan t a tree in the pa rk to his memory.

I w ould lik e to keep in touch w ith your committee because there are a lo t of us who aren’t taking th is d ra ft and w a r ly ing down. Some o f the students in college and trade school were given an exam ination to determine th e ir f i t ­ness fo r the armed forces. In some cases they d idn ’t complete or do the ir mental tests, bu t they passed them anyway.

Some had physical defects which weren’t checked at a ll. The re­c ru iting sergeant tr ied to get them to volunteer by te lling them they could complete the education w h ile they tra in . I don’t know who they are try in g to fool.

When the student deferment pa­pers are sent to the d ra ft board, they swear they haven’t received them yet. These are ju s t a few of the things going on here. I am looking fo rw ard to your lite ra ture.

A.T.

W e NoticedNew York, N.Y.

D id you notice tha t fo r its lead a rtic le Dec. 10, the Baltim ore A fro -A m erican reprin ted (w ith cred it to The M ilita n t) D ick Rob­erts’ a rtic le on how b lack A m er­icans are bearing the b run t o f the figh ting in Vietnam?

J.B.

W ar ReferendumDenver, Colo.

A referendum such as the one voted on in Dearborn, Nov. 8, should be included in as many c ity elections as possible next spring, or, i f necessary and possible, a special election could be called to vote on the V ietnam war. The Dearborn resolution was as fo l­lows: “ A re you in fa vo r o f an im ­mediate cease-fire and w ithd raw a l o f U.S. troops from V ietnam so the Vietnamese can settle th e ir own problems?”

Such referendums could serve as the basis fo r continuous a c tiv ity between now and the spring elec­tions, ranging fro m door to door w ork to large rallies. I t could be a ra lly in g po in t fo r a ll an tiw ar groups in a given locale to w o rk together, perhaps in an ad hoc committee.

In it ia lly , feelers should be put out to the councilmen in the cities concerned to see i f the issue could be pu t on the ba llo t d irec tly by

Announcing TheJan.-Feb. 1967

International Socialist ReviewIn the new pocket-sized format: Featuring “In Defense of

Black Power” by George Breitman, an answer to recent critics of the m ilitant wing of the civil rights movement. Other ar­ticles cover: current political and economic trends in Yugo­slavia; the program of the Polish opposition; and the nature of the American inflation. (

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them. In most cases, th is w il l p robably not be possible, bu t a l­most a ll c ity charters have a provision fo r in itia ted action by petition. The petition campaign i t ­self w ould also be a good op­p o rtun ity fo r a ca re fu lly planned education program.

The only drawbacks seen in w ork ing on V ietnam referendums w ould be the effect when we lost, as we probably would. For ex­ample, in Dearborn over 40 per­cent of the voters were in favor of getting out of V ietnam, bu t the newspaper headlines presented th is as a great v ic to ry fo r the ad­m in istra tion. In actuality, i f one- th ird o f the voters in a num ber o f cities were in favor o f getting out o f Vietnam, this w ould be a great v ic to ry fo r the an tiw ar position.

A ny ideas on how to best p ro­ceed on a referendum on V ietnam as suggested above or analyses of such projects w ould be appreciat­ed by the Denver Stop the W ar Committee. P.O. Box 86, Denver, Colo. 80201.

M ary F. W alter

Hard-Core Tax DodgerPhiladelphia, Pa.

K now ing the w ay the bourgeois state tries to m ilk workers out of th e ir wages through sales taxes, and feeling pa rticu la rly indignant at having to live in Pennsylvania w ith a 5 percent sales tax, prob­ably the highest in the U.S., I was th ink ing about how to avoid pay­ing as much as possible, and I was struck w ith some horrib le realizations and several sugges­tions fo r keeping your sales tax to a m inim um .

Thought fo r the Week" I ’ l l never go again. I ’d ju s t as soon go to ja il as be on the line

again, you see your buddies get k ille d like that. No more fo r m e." — A wounded G I whose platoon had been decimated by guerrillas near Suoida, south Vietnam.

I t ’s bad enough they charge you 5 percent, bu t they charge even more than 5 percent. In Pennsyl­vania, since an even 5 percent tax can be charged only every 20c., i.e., a t 20c., 40c., 60c., etc., they charge you the higher penny from 21c., 41c., etc., on. In other words, i f you buy a 20c. item , you pay lc . tax, an even 5 percent. B u t i f you buy a 21c. item , you pay 2c. This is grossly h igher than 5 percent. When you get up to around 38 and 39 and 40c. where you s til l pay 20 tax, th is is closer to 5 percent and not so un fa ir. B u t the m inute you get to 41c., you pay 3c. tax. I t w ould be a lo t fa ire r i f they made the cu to ff points at 30c., 50c., etc., r ig h t in the m iddle of the w ay the brackets are now. Then you’d be paying a l i t ­tle more than 5 percent in some cases, a l it t le less in others, and i t w ould balance out. B u t no, they t r y to m ilk you out of even more than 5 percent. W ell, here are some suggestions fo r try in g to cut your sales tax (change the figures fo r states w ith d iffe ren t tax ra tes):

1. Don’t buy anyth ing costing around 21c., 41c., etc., because that is the biggest gyp over 5 percent. I f you buy one th ing costing 41c., tr y to buy i t in conjunction w ith another th ing costing 39c., or 59c.,

or thereabouts, to even out the taxable amount to an even 60c. or 80c. or $1.00 and avoid paying an extra penny tax.

2. They can’t tax you on a 10c. item. I f you can get 3 cans o f soda fo r 29c., i t ’s no bargain, be­cause the tax makes i t 31c. I t ’s cheaper to buy one can a t a time.

3. I f one th ing costs about 30c., or 50c., i.e., r ig h t in the m iddle o f a tax bracket, buy tw o o f tha t item . Then i t w i l l be r ig h t on a ta x bracket. Example — a 29c. item costs 31c. because the tax is 2c. Buy 2 of tha t item , and i t ’s 58c., plus 3c. tax. I f you bought the item once today and once tom or­row, however, you pay 4c. tax (2c. plus 2c.).

4. In restaurants, they can’t charge tax on meals costing less than 50c. I f one person orders less than 50c. w orth , there should be separate checks so he doesn’t have to w ind up paying tax. However, i f one person orders, say, 75c. w orth , and the other person 85c. w orth , i t ’s better to get one check, where the to ta l w ould be $1.60, plus 8c. tax, instead of 4c. tax fo r the 75c. person plus 5c. tax fo r the 85c. person, to ta lling 9c. tax.

I hope these hints save readers money.

Am y Lowenstein

It Was Reported in the PressPeace on E arth — For the th ird

successive year W rig h t Patterson A ir Force Museum in Fairborn, Ohio, is d isplaying the Christmas s p ir it by decorating the top o f an A tlas m issile w ith a beaming Santa.

Caffeine-Pushers — The coffee industry is launching a $6 -m il- lion T V advertising campaign to get youth between the age of 17 and 20 to d rin k more coffee. “ We th in k younger people vare not d rin k in g a ll the coffee they should,” an industry spokesman said.

S e lf-C ritica l — A rth u r H im - melman of the U n ive rs ity of M in ­nesota DuBois C lub, to ld the M in ­nesota D a ily tha t the c lub was try in g to get out o f the “ quag­m ire of un im aginative th ink ing .” “ We haven’t disturbed anyone on campus,” he confided, “ or fo r that m atter anyone anywhere, other than the middle-class parents of the people who belong to the club. In fact, we’ve been regarded as ra ther du ll. For a rad ica l group, tha t’s te rrib le .” To recast the D u­Bois image, the club adopted a campus program of action, inc lud­ing such demands as changing the name o f the Minnesota D a ily to the D a ily Student.

Precise Performance — A cor­rection in the New Y ork Jimes said the paper had erroneously reported tha t a B-52 bomber car­ries a to ta l o f 58,200 pounds of bombs. The correct figure , the pa­per said, is 60,000 pounds. W hich reminds us o f the comment tha t Leon T ro tsky once made about the Times. He observed tha t the Times is scrupulous about small facts so tha t i t may lie a ll the bet­te r about b ig ones.

Therapy — According to Lon­don psychiatrists, a straying hus­band was cured of an irresistable a ttraction to the lady next door through “ aversion therapy.” P ic­tures o f his w ife and mistress ap­peared a lte rna te ly • on a screen. When his mistress’ p ic tu re came

up, he was given an electric shock. He reportedly lost interest in the lady next door. We doubt i t w ould help, b u t the thought came to our m ind o f Lyndon w atching a f ilm o f V ietnam atrocities w h ile a therapist w ith a cattle prod . . .

Shopping T ip — For tha t last- m inute Xmas g ift, how about a gold and porcelain powder case from T iffa n y ’s w ith a lip s tick case to match? $1,300 fo r the powder case and $295 fo r the lips tick holder. Or, perhaps, a T iffa n y diamond and p la tinum necklace. $170,000. (Subject to p rio r sale.)

Rooking the Poor — Poverty program o ffic ia ls in St. Petersburg, Fla., made a study o f how the poor get poorer. They found these examples among fam ilies o f fou r w ith Incomes under $3,000. One m other bought shoes fo r her ch il­dren from a trave ling peddler at

50 cents a week. She paid nearly $20 a p a ir fo r shoes w o rth a couple o f dollars. Another paid $100 in $5 installm ents fo r a used re frige ra to r w orth less than $25. A woman bought a band fo r an old w atch from a trave ling salesman at 50 cents a week. She paid $28 fo r a band w orth $2.

G etting Th ick — When M ayor L indsay complained about smoke b illow ing from a Con Edison smokestack in New Y ork , a com­pany o ffic ia l replied the m ayor was seeing things, tha t i t was on ly steam coming out o f the smoke­stack.

News Item — “ B u ll” Connor, the fo rm er B irm ingham , A la., po­lice chief, who became know n through h is use of dogs and f ire hoses against righ ts demonstrators, is i l l . He suffered a stroke w h ich paralyzed his le ft side.

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Page Eight th e MILITANT Monday, December 19, 1966

LOSER IN V IE T N A M W AR. Young resident of M anhattan’s Lower East Side. Huge w ar appropriation has pared already miserably inadequate slum clearance program.

B y M elissa S in g le rNEW YORK, Dec. 13 — “ The

question at issue is not the ex­isting structure at the un iversity, bu t the question o f change of tha t s tructure.” This statement, made at a recent student meeting, ex­pressed the feelings o f thousands o f New Y ork U n ive rs ity students cu rren tly engaged in a fig h t over a new tu itio n increase. The stu­dents demand the r ig h t to take part, along w ith the facu lty , in the adm inistration ’s decision making.

The protest began on Dec. 6, when students d istribu ted 1,500 copies o f the school paper and3.000 leaflets announcing a ra lly to oppose the tu itio n increase. W ith on ly a few hours notice, almost1.000 students at the generally quiet campus gathered at the ra lly to hear speakers attack the U n i­vers ity adm in istra tion ’s po licy of excluding students and facu lty from decisions. The meeting ended w ith a call fo r the un ive rs ity to rescind the tu ition rise u n til stu­dents, facu lty and adm inistration could get together and discuss i t and go over the books. In addition, a boycott of classes was proposed. Then, almost the entire meeting marched to adm inistration offices in V anderb ilt H a ll to present th e ir demands to President James Hester.

That night, a meeting was held to w ork out tactics fo r the planned boycott. Constituting themselves the A d Hoc Committee to Oppose the T u ition Increase, the students voted to d is tribu te a lea fle t on the fo llow ing day ca lling fo r a boycott i f President Hester d idn ’t rescind the tu itio n rise. In addition, they sent D r. Hester a le tte r demand­ing a m oratorium on the increase and requesting an answer by the fo llow ing night.

The next day, leaflets were dis­tribu ted on campus ca lling fo r a one-day boycott, pending Hester’s agreement to rescind the rise and announcing a meeting fo r 7 p.m. to hear the president’s answer.

The meeting begem w ith student D avid Stones’ description o f w hat had already happened and a re ­statement o f the A d Hoc Com­m ittee’s demands. H is m ilita n t speech calling fo r a boycott i f the tu itio n rise was not rescinded met w ith applause and shouts o f ap­prova l from the audience of a l­most 1,000.

Hester ConcessionLes Shapiro, president o f the

Washington Square College Stu­dent Council, read a le tte r from Hester in w h ich he refused to grant the m oratorium , bu t offered to “ delay fo rm al action on pro­posed increases in do rm ito ry rates and food services fo r next year.”

Je rry Bornstein, of the Ad Hoc Committee, then took the m icro­phone to call fo r the planned boy­cott in lig h t o f Hester’s answer. He pointed out tha t i f Hester could postpone the dorm ito ry rate increase w ithou t consulting the board o f trustees, “ he could do the same th ing w ith "tu ition .” He also explained tha t i t was the students’ actions o f ra lly ing , p ick ­eting and threatening boycott w hich made the U n ive rs ity back down this fa r and called fo r con­tinued actions to force them to back down even more.

The gathering decided to meet at 8:30 the fo llow ing m orning to begin p icketing of un ivers ity buildings. The boycott was on.

Thursday, Dec. 7, saw 75 per­cent o f the student body boycott classes. For example, by 11 a.m., on ly 40 students had entered the commerce bu ild ing . Several hund­red pickets marched in fro n t of classroom build ings a ll day w ith signs reading “ I t ’s Y our Money —

Join the L ine.” M any members of the facu lty supported the boycott. The student newspaper, Washing­ton Square Journal, w h ich sup­ported the boycott, announced an open meeting tha t afternoon at w hich Hester w ould speak on the tu itio n increase.

Loeb Student Center, site of Hester’s meeting, was packed early, w ith students w a iting in line to enter the auditorium . Over 1,500 jammed in to the center to hear the president defend his po­sition against the demands of boycott leaders. Hester’s disregard fo r student opinion was expressed by the fact th a t he was a h a lf- hour la te and rushed o ff a fte r only one hour w ith the audience. He spent h a lf o f th is tim e pre-

senting graphs and statistics about the un ive rs ity ’s budget.

The rea l feelings of the au­dience were expressed in the spi­r ited question period. Je rry B orn­stein was greeted w ith resounding applause and a standing ovation by most o f the audience when he spoke in “ praise o f students and facu lty who cooperated in m aking the boycott a success.” In con­trast, when Hester entered the audito rium on ly a handfu l o f stu­dents stood “ in respect.”

Bornstein ended by asking, “ Is the un ive rs ity a factory,” o r a place where students and facu lty can have a say in the decision o f the adm inistration? Hester said he w ould disregard the question be­cause i t was a nonsense question. This was greeted w ith hisses and boos from the audience.

■ John Mason, president o f the W einstein Student Government, re-stated the question and re­quested an answer because i t was the question students were asking. Hester then said tha t stu­dents have no r ig h t to partic ipate in the decision-m aking meetings o f the un iversity.

Les Shapiro, Student Govern­ment leader, then explained that the students fe lt they “ should have the r ig h t to present opinions and facts before the un ive rs ity makes any decisions” w hich affect the student body.

One o f the b ig points in Hester’s presentation had been tha t the

un ive rs ity ’s facu lty had been im ­proved. Peter Fricke, president of the Independent Student Associa­tion, agreed by saying, “ The qua li­ty has been im proved and I o ffe r as evidence the events o f the last three days.” Again, shouts and applause were heard.

Hester then announced, a fte r on ly a h a lf hour of questions, tha t he had to leave to go to a fund ­ra ising dinner. Someone from the audience shouted out tha t he should rem ain there since the stu­dents represented 68 percent of the un ive rs ity ’s money. B u t Hester, in obvious contempt o f the students and th e ir leaders, began to prepare to leave. Joe Knock, another leader o f the A d Hoc Com­mittee, took the m icrophone and re-stated the question and de­manded an answer before the president le ft.

Hester again stated tha t stu­dents have no voice in m aking decisions, especially decisions on tu ition , and tha t i t was the ad­m in is tra tion ’s du ty to make these decisions. Knock then said, “ The reason there were 1,000 students in V anderb ilt H a ll and a t the ra lly last n igh t was because we w ant a voice — not a suggestion posi­tion — but a decision-m aking voice!”

Decide on S it- inA fte r Hester le ft, student lead­

ers announced a meeting w ould take place im m ediately to dis­cuss fu r th e r protest. Despite a chaotic situation, a democratic meeting was held w ith sugges­tions heard from tens o f students. The overwhelm ing feeling was tha t an action must be taken r ig h t then and a s it- in was suggested.

D uring the discussion, the “ re ­spectable” student government leaders, who d is liked the m ilita n t stand of the Ad Hoc Committee, announced tha t they were p u llin g out of the meeting and going in to a separate room. They requested tha t leaders o f the A d Hoc Com­m ittee come w ith them to make plans fo r the group.

B ut Joe Knock, who was cha ir­ing the meeting, said “ I ’m not going in to any corner w ith any­body to make any decisions fo r you. We’l l a ll make the decisions here.” The students showed th e ir agreement w ith th is when ve ry few o f them followed the student government leaders. A fte r about an hour of suggestions and d is­cussion, a vote was taken to hold a s it- in at once in the m ain b u ild ­ing.

As soon as the vote was taken, the students rushed out o f the Student Center, ran across Wash­ington Square Park, and entered the m ain bu ild ing. T he ir s it- in lasted 23 hours, u n til 6 p.m. the next day. D uring the s it- in , Les Shapiro showed up to read the terms o f the proposed settlement made by leaders o f o ffic ia l stu­dent organizations w ith un ive rs ity adm inistration offic ia ls. However, he was in terrupted, w ith shouts because the group d ra fting the settlement terms did not have any representatives o f the Ad Hoc Committee. The demonstrators voted to re ject the settlement terms.

Yesterday, Dec. 12, Hester met w ith A d Hoc Committee repre­sentatives and recognized the ir leg itim acy by agreeing to meet w ith them again on Dec. 16. This meeting w il l also include facu lty. The students w il l hold a ra lly on Wednesday to plan fu rth e r ac­tions.

Also, the facu lty issued a state­ment yesterday w hich said they wanted to take pa rt and be con­sulted in the un ive rs ity ’s decision­making.

By EdNow tha t the W hite House is

ou tlin ing its budgetary proposals fo r consideration o f the incom ing 90th Congress, i t is a good tim e to ask w hat the Johnson adm inistra­tion ’s “ Great Society” budget has accomplished so fa r. W hen you get down to money, marbles, and chalk, however, i t is not so easy to determ ine exactly w ha t — i f anyth ing — actua lly comes under the category of “ Great Society” spending.

One w ay o f de fin ing Johnson’s w a r on poverty m ight be in the president’s own terms: According to Johnson, the government was going to make great increases in its spending on federal social pro­grams in the fiscal year 1967, be­ginn ing last Ju ly . Using th is c rite rion , the to ta l estimated fed­era l expense on housing and com­m un ity development, and health, education and w e lfa re programs, was projected a t $13.4 b illio n fo r 1967, (according to the 1966 Sta­tis tica l Abstracts published by the U.S. Dept, o f Commerce.)

Sm ithget fo r fiscal year 1967 w il l be $67 b illion , amounting to a whop­ping $14 b illio n jum p over the w ar budget in fiscal year 1966. Ten times as much additiona l funds were raised fo r the w ar machine than the so-called w a r on poverty.

In terms of expenses on the V ietnam war, the difference is

Total IncreasesAccording to the same source,

tha t compares to $10.8 b illio n spent on these programs in fiscal year 1966, meaning tha t the sum to ta l o f “ Great Society” increases th is fisca l year was a ll o f $2.6 b illion . B u t tha t is based on last year’s estimates. On Nov. 29, in prepara­tion fo r the announcement of his 1968 spending plans, President Johnson revealed tha t he had made cuts in the 1967 budget.

The cuts were as fo llows: $546 m i l l ion had been cu t from hous­ing and urban development; $275 m illio n had been cut from health, education and w elfare ; and $395 m illio n had been cut from the pro­gram o f aid to the states and local communities fo r elementary and secondary education. That comes to a to ta l cut o f $1.2 b illion , and i t means th a t the to ta l increase in fisca l 1967 was a s lim $1.4 b illion .

W ell, so much fo r the “ bu tte r” side o f the Great Society. W hat about the “ gun” side? I t is now estimated tha t the to ta l w ar bud-

even more strik ing . According to present estimates, over $24 b illio n came out of the 1967 budget fo r V ietnam w ar spending alone — over 17 times the amount o f mon­ey the Johnson adm inistration scraped together to add to the “ Great Society.”

Johnson has been quite s ilent so fa r about his plans fo r fiscal year 1968, bu t some of his more h igh ly placed advisers have been not so chary. James Reston, associate ed itor of the New York Times, pu t i t stra igh t in a Dec. 11 col­umn: “ M ilita ry spending w il l rise substantia lly and the rest w i l l gb down.”

Reston places the 1968 w ar bud­get at $70 to $75 b illion . Taking the upper figure, w hich corre­sponds to other predictions, that w ould place the to ta l expense of the V ietnam w ar next year at $30 b illion .

NYU Tuition Fight Spotlights Basic Issue of Student Rights

Viet War $$$ Outpace Social Welfare 17-1

H u s tlin g H u b e rt

NEW YORKERS will have a chance to picket Hubert Humphrey on Monday, Dec. 19, 10:30 a.m. until 2 p.m. at Spruce and Williams near City Hall. Humphrey will be there for a ground­breaking ceremony. Spon­sored by the Fifth Avenue V i e t n a m Peace Parade Committee.