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INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY www.irjponline.com ISSN 2230 – 8407

Review Article

A TWELVE-MONTHLY REVIEW ON ANTI-DIABETIC PLANTS: JAN-DEC-2011 Anil Boddupalli*1, R.Kumanan2, A. Elumalai1, M. Chinna Eswaraiah1, Naresh Veldi1, Narendar Pendem1

1Department of Pharmacognosy, Anurag Pharmacy College, Ananthagiri (V), Kodad (M), Nalgonda (Dt), Andhra Pradesh, India, 508 206

2Department of Pharmacognosy, Vignan Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vignan Hills, Near Ramoji Film City, Deshmukhi, Nalgonda (Dt), Andhra Pradesh, India-508284

Article Received on: 19/11/11 Revised on: 20/12/11 Approved for publication: 06/01/12

*Email: anil.abhirx@gmail.com ABSTRACT One of the commonest endocrine disorders is diabetes mellitus, that is characterized by insufficient or lack of insulin and impaired carbohydrate metabolism in the body leading to excretion of sweet urine and long-term complications affecting the eyes, nerves, blood vessels, skin, and kidneys. As per the current estimate, there are about 143 million people in worldwide suffering from diabetes. In the global scenario, diabetic patients may rise to 300 million in 2025. This disease occurs worldwide and its incidence is increasing rapidly in most parts of the world. Moreover, continuous use of the synthetic anti-diabetic drugs causes side effects and toxicity. Therefore, seeking natural and non-toxic anti-diabetic drugs is necessary for diabetic therapy. Medicinal plants play an important role in the development of potent therapeutic agents. The present paper reviews the data reported on pharmacologically active phyto constituents obtained from the different plants involved in anti-diabetic activity along with pharmacological status which have been experimentally studied for hypoglycaemic activity during January-December 2011. This work stimulates the researchers for further research on the potential use of medicinal plants having anti-diabetic potential. Key words: Annual review, Phytoconstituents, Medicinal plants, Hypoglycaemic activity INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a multi factorial disease. It is an endocrine and metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia1. Multiple biochemical impairments associate with micro and macro vascular complications which are a major cause of morbidity and death in diabetes mellitus2, 3. With the numbers of people affected by diabetes multiplying worldwide, the disease is taking an ever-increasing proportion of national and international health care strategies4. It is projected to become one of the world’s main disablers and killers within the next 25 years5–7. The affected most are Asia and Africa, where DM rates are expected to rise by two to three folds by 20308. The modern medicines available for management of diabetes exert serious side effects such as hepatotoxicity, abdominal pain, flatulence, diarrhoea, and hypoglycemia9, 10. Drug resistance to these medicines is also reported after prolonged treatment. Therefore, apart from currently available therapeutic options, many herbal medicines have been recommended for treatment of diabetes11. Traditional herbal medicines have been used throughout the world for a range of diabetes12. The α-glucosidase inhibition significantly decreases post-prandial hyperglycemia (PPHG) in the treatment of type II diabetic (T2DM) patients13. Thus, discovery of a suitable inhibitor of glycosidase with minimum side effects poses a challenge in the search for a potent therapeutic agent. The search for improved and safe natural anti-diabetic agents is underway, and the World Health Organization has also recommended the development of herbal medicines in this concern14. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION From this study, it is clear that the medicinal plants play a vital role against on various diseases. Various herbal plants and plants extracts have significant anti-diabetic activity different in animal models (table 1). The anti-diabetic activity is probably due to the presence of flavonoids in herbal plants.

Our review results showed that above-mentioned medicinal plants could prevent diabetics with the principle on dose-dependent manner. The results of this study indicate that plants extracts of some medicinal plant have good potentials for use in diabetic disease. The present review study give evidential explore mechanism of action of medicinal plants against experimentally induced diabetics. Hence the review study is concluded that the herbal drug possesses anti diabetics activity and it has been proved by different animal models give many links to develop the future clinical trials. ACKNOWLEDGMENT Authors are thankful to Department of Pharmacognosy, Anurag Pharmacy College for providing review facilities. REFERENCES 1. B. Nickavar and N. Yousefian. Evaluation of α-amylase inhibitory

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28. Meenakshi Bhatt, Manoj Gahlot, Vijay Juya, Anita Singh. Phytochemical investigation and antidiabetic activity of Adhatoda zeylanica. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2011; 4(2):27-30.

29. Vijayanand S, Wesely E.G. Evaluation of Anti-diabetic activity of Melia azadirachta on alloxan induced diabetic rats. Int J Curr Pharm Res 201; 3(4):37-40.

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31. Navin Raj, Sayyed Nadeem, Samir Jain, Chanchal Raj, Kuldeep Chouhan Prithwish Nandi. Ameliorative effects of Alpinia calcarata in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Digest journal of nanomaterials and biostructures 2011; 6(3):991-997.

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33. Sumeet Gupta, Kritika Mehla, Devesh Chauhan, Satish Kumar, Anroop Nair. Morphological changes and Antihyperglycemic effect of M.Champaca leaves extract on beta-cell in Alloxan induced diabetic rats. Recent Research in Science and Technology 2011; 3(1):81-87.

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51. Elsnoussi Ali Hussin Mohamed, Ali Jimale Mohamed, Mohd. Zaini Asmawi, Amirin Sadikun, Omar Saad Ebrika, Mun Fei Yam. Antihyperglycemic Effect of Orthosiphon Stamineus Benth leaves extract and its bioassay-guided fractions. Molecules 2011; 16:3787-3801.

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Table 1: List of Anti-diabetic plants in 2011

Botanical name Family Chemical constituents Parts used Extracts used References Abelmoschus esculentus Linn Malvaceae Quercetin derivatives and

epigallocatechin Fruits Aqueous Subrahmanyam et al15

Artocarpus integrifolia Linn Moraceae Homopterocarpin and Cycloheterophyllin

Root bark Methanol Ramaiah et al16

Morinda tinctoria Roxb Rubiaceae Scopoletin, glycosides, anthraquinones and

morindone

Fruits Aqueous Pattabiraman and Muthukumaran17

Aloe vera Linn Lilliaceae Anthraquinones Leaf Aqueous Enas Ali Kamel Mohamed18

Alternanthera sessilis Linn Amarantaceae Saponins, flavonoids, steroids, stigmasterol, β-

sitosterol

Whole plant

Ethanol and aqueous Raghavender Rao et al19

Dodonae viscose Linn Sapindaceae Aliarin, pinocembrin, diterpenoid acids

Leaves Chloroform, methanol, ethanol and aqueous

Muthukumran et al20

Tinospora cordifolia Willd Menispermaceae Alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, phenolics

Stem Methanol Sivakumar and Dhana Rajan21

Acacia modesta Wall Fabaceae Amyrin, betulin, octacosanol and ε-

sitosterol, γ sitosterol, pinitol

Leaves Petroleum ether:ethanol (1:1)

Jawla et al22

Shorea tumbuggaia Roxb Dipterocarpaceae Anthocyanins, emodins, triterpenoids, tannins,

saponins

Leaves Ethanol Ragini et al23

Sesbania sesban Linn Fabaceae Steroids and terpenoids Leaves Aqueous Ramdas et al24

Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb Fabaceae Pterosupin, marsupsin Wood and bark

Ethanol Maruthupandian and mohan25

Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq Tiliaceae Phytosterols, steroids, flavonoids, tannin

Whole plant

Ethanol Duganath et al26

Eugenia jumbolana Lam Myrtaceae Gallic acid, ellagic acid, corilagin, ellagitannins

Seeds Hydro-alcoholic Padmanabha Rao A and Kaiser Jamil27

Cinnamomum zylanicum Nees Laurace Glycosides phytosterols Stem bark Hydro-alcoholic Padmanabha Rao A and Kaiser Jamil27

Adhatoda zeylanica Nees Acanthaceae 2',4–Dihydroxychalcone 4‐ glucoside

Leaves and fruits

Hexane, butane, pet.ether, acetone,

chloroform, methanol and ethanol

Bhatt et al28

Melia azadirachta Linn Meliaceae Bakayanin, quercitrin, rutin Leaves Chloroform S.Vijayanand and E.G.

Wesely29

Cucurbita maxima Duch Cucurbitaceae Hydroquinone Aerial parts Methanol Sha et al30

Alpinia calcarata Rosc Zingiberaceae Flavonoids, alkaloids Rhizomes Ethanol Navin raj et al31

Mirabilis jalapa Linn Nyctagineceae Tannins, saponins Roots Ethanol Piyali Sarkar et al32

Michelia champaca Linn Magnoliaceae Linalool,2-phenethyl alcohol Leaves Pet.ether, chloroform, ethanol

Sumeet Gupta et al33

Bridelia Retusa Spreng Euphorbiaceae Triterpenoids, tannins Stem bark Pet ether, alcohol, aqueous

Wadkar Kiran Anna et al34

Boerhaavia diffusa Linn Nyctagenaceae β-Sitosterol,α-2-sitosterol Aerial parts Methanol, ethanol Bhatia V et al35

Mangifera indica Linn Anacardiaceae Tannins, glycosides, saponins Leaves Hexane, ethanol, aqueous

Peer Basha et al36

Noolamarckia cadamba Roxb Rubiaceae alkaloids, secoiridoids and triterpenes

Leaves Methanol Ahmed et al37

Gnidia glauca Linn Thymelaeaceae Flavonoids, alkaloids Stem, leaf, flower

Pet.ether, ethyl acetate, methanol,

90% ethanol

Balua.Chopade et al38

Dioscorea bulbifera Linn Dioscoreaceae Flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins

Bulbs Pet.ether, ethyl acetate, methanol,

90% ethanol

Balua.Chopade et al38

Elaeodendron glaucum Pers Celastraceae n-octacosanol, friedelin, β-sitosterol, betulonic acid,

Stem bark Methanol Debapriya Garabadu et al39

Ficus racemose Linn Moraceae β-sitosterol, α- amyrin acetate

Fruits Ethanol Abu Hasanat Md. Zulfiker et al40

Strychnos potatorum Linn Loganiaceae Sitosterol, stigmasterol Ripened fruits

Ethanol Dhasarathan P and Theriappan P41

Ougeinia Oojeinensis Roxb Fabaceae Tannins, alkaloids and triterpenoids

bark Ethanol Velmurugan et al42

Diospyros cordifolia Roxb Ebenaceae β-amyrin, lupeol, taraxerol, nentriacontane

Stem bark Methanol Sudipta Das et al43

Sorbus decora C.K.Schneid Rosacea Phenolic compounds Inner bark Ethanol Haddad et al44

Tabernaemontana divaricata Apocynaceae Terpenoids, steroids, Flowers Methanol Masudur Rahman et al45

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Linn flavonoids, Sida acuta Burm Malvaceae Alkaloids Leaves Methanol and aqueous Okwuosa et al46

Alpinia galanga Willd Zingiberaceae Diarylheptanoids Dried rhizomes

Pet.ether toluene, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, aqueous

Srividya A.R et al47

Chrysanthellum indicum Linn Compositae Flavonoids, saponins, steroid, terpenoids

Aerial parts Methanol Tanko Y et al48

Ampelodesma mauritanica Durand

Poaceae Flavonoids, saponins, cardenolides and tannins

Roots Methanol Djilani et al49

Foeniculum Vulgare Mill Apiaceae Flavonoids, terpenoids Volatile oil Market purchase Neveen et al50

Orthosiphon Stamineus Benth Lamiaceae Triterpenes, saponins, flavonoids

Leaves Pet.ether, chloroform, methanol, aqueous

Hussin Mohamed et al51

Rubus ellipticus Smith Rosaceae Triterpenes, saponins, flavonoids

Fruits Pet.ether, ethanol, aqueous

Uma Shankar Sharma et al52

Lycium shawii Roem Solonaceae Flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides

Aerial parts Ethanol Hassan Sher and Mohammed alyemeni53