A Tour of CS+E: Distance Collaboration and 3D Modeling Prabhaker Mateti

A Tour of CS+E:Distance Collaboration and

3D Modeling

Prabhaker Mateti

January 19, 2001 Mateti, EGR191/CSE 2

Two Topics

• Distance collaboration• 3D modeling


Distance Collaboration Software

Helps groups of people on computers attached to a local-area network organize and develop their activities.


Chat

• Lets you conduct real-time conversations via text, with as many people as you like.


Groupware

Typically supports the following operations:

• Shared development of “work.”• Scheduling meetings ...• E-mail, telephone utilities, electronic

newsletters.• Protection for documents.• File distribution.


Net Meeting

A real-time multimedia communications tool that can create a collaborative environment for geographically distant people.


Video and Audio Conferencing

• Talk and write with people at distant locations while viewing them


Whiteboard

• Shared canvas• Canvas content: text, drawings in

color• Real time view of the canvas


Program Sharing

• Not file sharing• Share a program that you are

running on your machine with your collaborators.

• Retain control over the way they're used.


Remote Desktop Sharing

• Operate a computer from a remote location.

• Are you the person you claim to be?

• Confidentiality of data in transit.• Real time update of the view of

remote desktop.


3D Modeling

• CSG modeling• Surface modeling


CSG Modeling

- =


Surface Modeling


Surface Modeling

• Object solid internals are not completely expressed like in CSG.

• Concerned with building the outside shell of an object.


Ray Casting

Ray casting traces a ray from the eye through a point on the object being viewed, and find intersections with all the objects in the scene. The intersection that has the smallest z value determines the color of the pixel on the screen.


Ray Tracing

• Ray tracing goes further by reflecting the ray off the object and tracing it further, which may get reflected, and so on until it exits the scene or reaches the light source. If the surface were transparent, an additional refracted ray is traced.

• Ray tracing is a rendering technique that calculates an image of a 3D real world scene by simulating the way rays of light travel.


POV-Ray


VRML Browser Plugins

• Virtual reality modeling language• Plugins for IE and Netscape


Running VRML Examples


Ray Tracing and VRML

• Not installed in our lab.• Several free versions on the Web:

– POV-Ray www.povray.org – VRML2C.EXE www.microsoft.com– Contact 4.2 www.blaxxun.com

• Try them on your home PC!


sPatch


Poser by Metacreations


Lab for Next Week

• Use Program Sharing• Use Desktop Sharing• Collaborate• “Construct” F1


Our F1


F1 rendered



United States 129.00Japan 32.80Germany 21.10UK 18.25

France 15.35Canada 11.75Italy 10.55China 8.26Australia 7.68South Korea 6.65

PCs in Use, 1998(in millions)


U.S. Households with Personal Computers, 1996–2000(in thousands)

1996 2000

Total 35,388 55,487

IBM-compatible Windows 20,906 55,487

IBM-compatible non-Win 6,962 7,207

Apple Macintoshes 4,947 3,837

Other PCs 2,525 3,396


Prices of Computers

• PCs for < $500• Supercomputers for $n00 million


Computer Literacy for Non-engineers

• E-mail• Web surfing and design• Word processing• Spread sheet• Database• PC card replacement


Computer Literacy for Engineers

• Scientific numerical calculations.• Symbolic computation.• Simulation.• 3D modelers.• Programming.


Several Subject Areas

• Operating Systems• Computer Languages• Networking• Computer Graphics• Computer Architecture• Software Engineering• …


Software and Hardware Products

• Requirements• Specifications• Design• Construction• Testing• Verification


Operating Systems

• Every key press, every movement by the mouse --even by a single pixel-- goes through an OS

• The screen is drawn through an OS• Files are saved, deleted through an

OS• Every piece of hardware is under

the control of an OS.


Operating Systems: Examples

• Windows 9x,NT,2000• Linux, Unix, Solaris, FreeBSD, …• Mac X• BeOS• VMS• …


Os Market Share

May 2000


What is anOperating System

• Typically a very large piece of software

• Controls all hardware elements:– CPU, RAM, HD, KBD, Mouse,…

• Device drivers, IO system, Virtual memory, Process management


Computer Languages

• Grammatically strict languages• Java, C++, Pascal, FORTRAN• Compilers• Interpreters


A Model in sPatchsPatchesversion 2visibility FALSEselection FALSEnum_points 898

1.000000 -0.750000 -1.5000007021 17 0


Our F1


F1 rendered


Virtual Reality Modeling Language

#VRML V1.0 asciiSeparator { Material { diffuseColor 0.8 0 0 # r=.8 g=0 b=0 }

WWWAnchor { name

"http://www.cs.wright.edu/~pmateti/" Sphere { radius 1.0 }

} ...}


A Model in POV


Networking

• Ethernet• Local area network (LAN)• 100 Megabits/sec


TCP/IP

• Internet protocol• UDP, ... • Example programs:

– Web browsers– Telnet, FTP, ...


An IP Address

• Uniquely identifies a machine.• Four byte number.• 192.168.*.* are private.• Controlled assignment.


Packets

• Message split into packets.• Each packet has source and

destination addresses.• Packets may arrive out of order at

the destination.


Routers

• Routing = Discovering a path from source to destination.

• Changes because– Machines are down– Traffic congestion

• Highly specialized computers.


Distributed Computing

• A class of parallel computers.• Use idle machines.• Individual computers reaching

limits on how fast they can be.


Attacks, Break-ins

• Denial of service• Loss of money• Leakage of confidential data• Deliberate corruption of data• Firewalls, …


Computer Graphics

• Production of pictures of the physical world on a computer screen

• Raster graphics• Vector graphics


Ray Tracing


Virtual Reality

• Immersive environments• Visualization + audio• Touch-based input and feed back• Smells … soon• Taste?


Raster Graphics

• Even the drawing of a straight line is no longer simple.

• Old math of curves, planes, surfaces does not compute well.

• Screen = M x N rectangle of pixels.• Each pixel, RGB I, 32-bits or more.


Bezier Curves


Bezier Patches


Computer Architecture

• Boolean logic: AND, OR, NAND gates

• Simple operations: + - * /• Skip over instructions• Binary numbers


Design of ..

• CPU• Bus• RAM• IO devices


Supercomputers

• Parallel Computers with shared memory

• Networks of workstations


Moore’s Law

January 19, 2001 Mateti, EGR191/CSE

Moore’s Law • Price/performance• 1,000,000X boost in

last 20 years• 1,000,000X more in

the next 20 years• Likely to continue

for at least 40 years


Software Engineering

• Software: Most complex artifact in human history

• Expensive• Labor intensive• Team management


Lines of Code?

• How do we measure the quantity and quality of software?

• Lines of Code: Not a good measure

• No other widely accepted measures




Lines of Code(in millions)

Windows 3.1 1992 3

Windows 95 1996 15

Windows 98 1998 18

Windows NT 3.x 1992 4

Windows NT 4.0 1996 16.5

Windows NT 5.0 1998 20

Windows 2000 2000 35

Solaris 1990+ 7

Linux ++ 2000 5


Bugs

• Errors in … design, coding• Fact of life• No bug-free large program exists


New, Revised, Better

• Creeping size• Need more RAM, faster CPU• Unclear if they are more bug-free• Features added• Looks better


Nathan’s 3rd Law of Software

• That’s why people buy new hardware - economic motivator

• Will continue as long as there is opportunity for new software

• That’s why chips get faster at same price, instead of cheaper


Programming Methodology

• Bug prevention• Designing correctly• Correctness verification• Generation of programs


Object Oriented Programming

• A style of design• Java• C++


Open Source

• Many eyes examining and improving the code.

• Learn by watching.• Cost



Conclusion

• High Salaries!• Computer Science and Engineering

is an exciting field!

Documents

A Tour of CS+E: Distance Collaboration and 3D Modeling Prabhaker Mateti