A. Table of Contents - foamupdate.com fileBreathairTM hollow in the bedding market space. It is made of polyester-polyether thermoplastic elastomer with polyester as hard segment and

Foam Update

September 2015

To Give Than To Receive - 1 -

A. Table of Contents

Contents

A. Table of Content ............................................................................. 1

B. Editorial ........................................................................................... 2

C. News ................................................................................................ 4

D. Patents and Journals ........................................................................ 8

a. New Foaming Technique: ....................................................... 8

b. Blowing Agents: ..................................................................... 9

c. Foam products: ..................................................................... 12

d. Applications: ........................................................................ 15

e. Degradable and Sustainable Foam: ..................................... 20

f. Thermoset Foam; PU and Others: ........................................ 22

g. Microcellular and Expanded Particle: ................................. 32

Foam Update

September 2015


B. Editorial

3D Cushioning Product

3D printing or additive manufacturing appears to open up an innovation gate in

manufacturing and Research and Development. Plastics is no doubt a favorite

material in 3D printing. When space is enclosed by the plastics material

through 3D printing, plastics foam can be made without any blowing agent. In

nature, many plants have a hollow stem as shown in Fig. 1. As for open cell

lattice structure, quite a few products have been presented for a variety of high

precision applications. Soluble medical scaffold generally requires pore

formation by leaching or special particulate fusion. Yet challenges are void

fraction and pore size control, which cast limitation to this development. It can

thus be imagined in certain precision required product 3D printing could be a

useful and powerful platform.

Fiberglass mat is a well-known process in melting glass in a very hot pot, then

through a spinneret die to create a thin yet strong fiber, which randomly and

slowly drops on a conveyor belt. Some chemical mist may be necessary to

enhance fiber fusion. After enough is collected, the loose bulk is pressed into a

low density mat. It has been a popular construction material for its superior

insulation and sound absorption properties. This process sounds close to a 3D

structure production.

Another hollow yarn process can cast polyester into a porous structure as

illustrated in Fig. 2, which demonstrates elastic and repeated recovery

properties as urethane foam, and durability as nylon. It is virtually suitable in

furniture applications; such as: seating, mattress, pillow, armrest..etc. In

Fig. 1: Hollow stem in Japanese Knotweed

Foam Update

September 2015


reference to PU foam, this 3D cushioning product offers unique gas permeation,

easy to clean, and minimum moisture induced mold. Toyobo Inc. offers

BreathairTM hollow in the bedding market space. It is made of polyester-

polyether thermoplastic elastomer with polyester as hard segment and polyether

as soft segment. It is made in the filament extrusion process cast into a random

3D loop structure on a conveyor system. Its final density ranges from 30 -150

kg/m3 and thickness 15 – 100 mm. Moreover, as opposed to thermoset PU

foam, this thermoplastic polyester is recyclable. Anyway, it simply shows a

novel approach in making performance cushioning product without blowing

agent to avoid emission concerns and handling issues in processing. It sounds

like another good story in combining elastic and porosity features for a

commercial success story in 3D printing in improving our way of living.

Editorial Office

Fig. 2: 3D cushioning product made out of elastic hollow yarn

Foam Update

September 2015


C. News

ALGIX & EFFEKT INTRODUCE WORLD'S FIRST ALGAE-DERIVED

FLEXIBLE FOAMS

Author(s) N/A

Sources www.digitaljournal.com

Corporate/Assignee N/A

Publication Date August 24, 2015

Abstract:

Algix LLC, the world’s leading producer of algae bio-products, and Effekt LLC, an

environmentally minded product and material development company, announced today

the creation of the worlds first algae-derived flexible foams. Both companies are joining

forces in a joint venture entitled Bloom Holdings LLC to commercialize the foam.

GENERAL FOAM CLOSES INDIANA PLANT

Author(s) N/A

Sources Plastics News



Abstract:

General Foam, a plastics seasonal products company based in Norfolk, VA, shut its

facility in Lebanon, IN, on June 30, eliminating about 40 jobs. The factory made

Christmas trees and small swimming pools.

BERRY LEAPS INTO MEDICAL

Author(s) Kavanaugh, C.

Sources Plastics News



Abstract:

Evansville, Ind.-based Berry Plastics is buying medical

specialty materials producer Avintivinc. in a $2.45 billon

cash deal to transform packaging focused Berry into the

fast-growing health and hygiene markets, and giving it a

significant presence outside North America. Avtinv has

sales of $2.1 billion which sales breakdown is attached.

Berry’s Versatile appears quite solid, and the company

continues to add capacity in a sprint mode to replace PS

cup at more than 500 Dunkin’ Donuts stores, Subway, 7-

Foam Update

September 2015


Eleven, Princess Cruise and Cumberland Farms stores.

PETG FOAM-CORE SHEET CUSHIONS THERMOFORMED MEDICAL

PACKAGING

Author(s) N/A

Sources Plastics Technology; #8, Vol 61


Publication Date August 2015

Abstract:

At the MD&M East Show in NYC, Eastman Chemical

along with two partners presented a unique multilayer

sheet with a PETG foam-core attempted to replace

HIPS in protective medical packaging. The PETG foam

sheet possesses a better printability over HIPS, and

thermoformed faster. The market potential for PETG

foam is beyond medical sphere; such as: fragile

electronics and consumer packaging.

Foam Update

September 2015


ROGERS CORP’S HIGH PERFORMANCE FOAMS BUSINESS UNIT

CHANGES NAME TO ELASTOMERIC MATERIAL SOLUTIONS

Author(s) Calhoon, J.

Sources www.designworldonline.com


Publication Date July 31, 2015

Abstract:

Effective today, the High Performance Foams Division of Rogers Corporation (NYSE:

ROG) has officially changed its name to Elastomeric Material Solutions to better reflect

the growing range of products and capabilities available to meet customer needs.

POLYURETHANE FOAMS DRIVE GLOBAL MARKET OF AEROSPACE

FOAMS, GROWING AT CAGR OF OVER 7%

Author(s) N/A

Sources www.plastemart.com



Abstract:

The aerospace foam market has witnessed a significant growth in the recent years, and

this growth is projected to persist in the coming years. The global aerospace foam market

is projected to grow to US$5246.44 mlnn by 2020, signifying firm annualized growth of

7.74% between 2015 and 2020, as per Research and Markets. Polyurethane foams are the

largest material type of aerospace foams in terms of volume followed by metal foams. PU

foams are one of the major types of aerospace foam that are commercially available in

various forms ranging from low to high density with varying rigidity and tensile strength,

and are classified as flexible (lightweight) foams and rigid (tough, stiff, and strong)

foams. Polyurethane foams are durable, lightweight, and easy to use and has broad

hardness range, thus, offer good abrasion resistance and toughness. This enables their use

in aerospace applications such as insulation, cushioning, flooring, roofing, so on.

FOAM BLOWING AGENTS MARKET FOR POLYURETHANE FOAMS,

POLYSTYRENE FOAMS, POLYOLEFIN FOAMS AND OTHER

APPLICATIONS - GLOBAL INDUSTRY ANALYSIS, SIZE, SHARE, GROWTH,

TRENDS AND FORECAST 2014 - 2020

Author(s) N/A

Sources www.marketwatch.com



Abstract:

Foam blowing agents are additives used in the manufacture of foam that impart the

Foam Update

September 2015


characteristic foam-like structure. These agents are introduced in the substrate when they

are in a liquid state through a high pressure injection. Foam blowing agents then expand

in the substrate to provide a cellular matrix-like structure to the material. This matrix-like

structure provides structural strength to the foam while utilizing less material. Foam

blowing agents are used to manufacture a variety of polymeric and plastic foams such as

polyurethane (PU) foams, polystyrene (PS) foams, polyolefins including polypropylene

(PP) and polyethylene (PE) foams, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foams and phenolic foams.

Advantages of using foams include lower material usage, similar structural strength with

higher flexibility, lighter final product, and excellent thermal and acoustic insulation.

BECAUSE NITROGEN WEIGHS (ALMOST) NOTHING

Author(s) Handschke, A., Laubmann, G.

Sources Kunststoffe International 105, No.5, 2015, p.10-13


Publication Date May 2015

Abstract:

The plastics processor Gealan Formteile GmbH manufactures lightweight parts for the

automotive industry by thermoplastic foam injection molding. In the process engineering,

as well as in the secondary finishing of the injection molded parts, the company is

continually extending the limits of what is feasible. Also on the agenda is the welding of

foamed parts and applications with visible parts.

Foam Update

September 2015


D. Patents and Journals

a. New Foaming Technique

MULTILAYER PLASTIC FILM WITH SEPARABLE LAYERS FOR COVERING

OF INFLATED GREENHOUSE

Inventor(s) Lempidakis, I., Lempidakis, E., Lempidakis, M., Melas, I., Vertoudakis, K.

Sources US Pat.App.: 20150239218

Corporate/Assignee Plastika Kritis S.A.


Abstract:

The present invention provides a multilayered polymeric film with a luminous

transmittance greater than 30% when measured using ASTM-D 1003-92, for covering an

agricultural structure or greenhouse, wherein the film contains adjacent layers that have an

average delamination strength of less than 250 g/15 mm when measured using ASTM D-

1876. More particularly, the film is thus separated into two or more film layers which are

inflated with gas to provide thermal insulation.

AN ECO-FRIENDLY WATERPROOF INSULATION FOAM MATERIAL AND

PREPARATION METHOD

Inventor(s) Wu, P., Luo, R.

Sources CN 104497610

Corporate/Assignee Positive industry Packaging (Zhongshan) Co., Ltd.

Publication Date April 8, 2015

Abstract:

The present invention discloses a green waterproof insulation foam material and

preparation method, plant fiber, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, aliphatic polycarbonate,

polyvinyl alcohol-based material, and adding accessories SiO2 airgel powder, polylactic

acid - polycaprolactone block copolymer, antioxidants, processing aids, blowing agent by

water vapor formed in situ extrusion foaming; this raw foam material used may basically

full degradation, green; The foam has good mechanical properties such as impact

resistance, buffer, compression, etc., at the same time, due to the presence of a uniform

closed cell structure, the foam material can provide good insulation and waterproof

moisture resistance, mechanical properties and overcome the barrier of poor

environmental foamed material defects existing, alternative to polystyrene foam used in

packaging fields. Preparation of the present invention is environmentally friendly

waterproof insulation foam is simple, one-time molding, conducive to the production.

A NEW WAY OF CREATING CELLULAR POLYURETHANE MATERIALS:

NIPU FOAMS

Author(s) Cornille, A., Dworakowska, S., Bogdal, D., Boutevin, B., Caillol, S.

Foam Update

September 2015


Sources European Polymer Journal 66, No.1, 2015, p.129-138


Publication Date February 13, 2015

Abstract:

This article describes, for the first time, the synthesis of polyurethane foams from the

reaction between cyclic carbonates and diamines to yield NonIsocyanate PolyUrethane

(NIPU) foams. A poly(methylhydrogenosiloxane) was used as blowing agent to foam the

NIPU by reaction with diamines. The raw materials were characterized in order to

determine reaction stoichiometry. NIPU foams were characterized by scanning electron

microscopy and by measurement of their swelling index and apparent density. The

mechanical compression and the recovery of these NIPU foams were analyzed by

dynamic mechanical analyses at room temperature. The foams exhibited glass transition

temperature between −18 °C and 19 °C and a thermal stability above 300 °C.

SURFACE QUENCHING INDUCED MICROSTRUCTURE

TRANSFORMATIONS IN EXTRUSION FOAMING OF POROUS SHEETS

Author(s) Gandhi, A., Bhatnagar, N.

Sources International Polymer Processing 30, No.3, 2015, p.397-402

Corporate/Assignee Mechanical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of

Technology

Publication Date July 2015

Abstract:

In this article, a new technology is described to manufacture open cell thermoplastic

foamed sheets with the aid of surface-quenching phenomenon during an extrusion

process. As the gas laden polymer extrudate exits the slit die, its surface is rapidly

quenched which results in freezing of cells on the surface, while the cells at the core

continue to grow and leads to development of open-cellular microstructure at the core.

Influence of chill roll temperature was found to be extremely significant in developing

porous morphological attributes. Subsequently, synergistic effect of physical blowing

agent (N2) content and chill roll temperature was examined for their expansion ratio and

foam thickness. Fascinatingly, with reduced chill roll temperatures open-cell

microstructure and high expansion ratio was obtained although its thickness was

observed to decrease. Further, influence of chill roll rotating speed on foam

microstructure and expansion ratio was studied. Lower chill roll rotational speed resulted

in development of open-cellular microstructure; while at higher speeds, closed cell

morphology was obtained. The results coherently demonstrate that by controlling the

chill roll temperatures; open-cellular microstructure can be developed in sheet extrusion

foaming process.

b. Blowing Agents

Foam Update

September 2015


BLOWING AGENT INTRODUCTION SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Inventor(s) Kim, R. Y.

Sources US Pat.: 9,108,350

Corporate/Assignee Trexel, Inc. (Wilmington, MA)


Abstract:

The present invention provides blowing agent

introduction systems and methods for introducing

blowing agent into polymeric foam processing

systems. The methods may involve introducing one

or more doses of blowing agent into polymeric

material in an extruder during a plastication period

of a molding cycle. Prior to introduction, a dose is

confined in an accumulator which, for example,

has a volume defined between an inlet valve and an

outlet valve. A control system may receive inputs related to system parameters (e.g.,

pressure of polymeric material in extruder, axial position of screw in barrel, whether screw

is rotating, and the like) and based on the inputs coordinates operation of the valves to

confine and introduce the blowing agent dose(s). The introduction systems may be used in

discontinuous plasticating processes, such as injection molding and blow molding, and can

be particularly useful in processes that use precise quantities of blowing agent.

THERMOPLASTIC FOAMING AGENT

Inventor(s) Gossi, M.




Abstract:

The invention describes a foamable thermoplastic mixture, comprising (A) at least one

thermoplastic polymer selected from ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), ethylene

methyl acrylate copolymer (EMA), ethylene butyl acrylate copolymer (EBA), ethylene-

hexene copolymer, ethylene-butene copolymer, ethylene-octene copolymer, polyethylene

(PE), polypropylene (PP) and ethylene-propylene copolymer, (B) at least one long chain

branched polymer as a foam stabilizer selected from ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer

(EVA), ethylene methyl acrylate copolymer (EMA), ethylene butyl acrylate copolymer

(EBA), ethylene-hexene copolymer, ethylene-butene copolymer, ethylene-octene

copolymer, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and ethylene-propylene copolymer and

(C) at least one chemical blowing agent, wherein the long chain branched polymer (B) is

present in an amount of 1 to 30 wt. % relative to the total weight of thermoplastic polymer

(A) and long chain branched polymer (B), and at least one of the following distinguishing

Foam Update

September 2015


features applies to the thermoplastic polymer (A) and the long chain branched polymer

(B): 1) the value of the melt flow index (MFI) of the long chain branched polymer (B)

(MFI(B)) is smaller than the MFI value of the thermoplastic polymer (A) (MFI(A)),

wherein MFI(B) is a maximum of 50% of MFI(A), 2) the g value of the long chain

branched polymer (B) (g(B)) is smaller than the g value of the thermoplastic polymer (A)

(g(A)), wherein g(B) is a maximum of 80% of g(A), 3) the polymer type of the long chain

branched polymer (B) differing from the polymer type of the thermoplastic polymer (A).

The foamable thermoplastic mixture can be injection molded without foaming and is

suitable for the production of low-density foams which can be used, for example, as

damping materials or foamed membranes.

THE COMPOSITION, RIGID POLYURETHANE FOAM AND

REFRIGERATION EQUIPMENT

Inventor(s) Zhao, S., Li, C., Dai, X., Wang, B., Zhang, J.


Corporate/Assignee Refrigerator Hefei Limited


Abstract:

The present invention discloses a composition, a rigid polyurethane foam and refrigeration

equipment, the composition comprising: a combination of polyether, said composition

containing a polyether polyol, a blowing agent and the composite catalyst, the blowing

agent comprises trans Formula 1-chloro-3,3,3, the composite catalyst containing foam

catalyst Polycat201; and isocyanates. The compositions have long term storage stability,

and the use of the composition resulting foams have good liquidity, low thermal

conductivity and good dimensional stability, so that the resulting product has better energy

efficiency.

EFFECTIVENESS OF BLOWING AGENTS IN THE CELLULAR INJECTION

MOLDING PROCESS

Author(s) Garbacz, T., Palutkiewicz, P.

Sources Cellular Polymers 34, No.5, 2015, p.189-214


Publication Date N/A

Abstract:

The study was undertaken to investigate the effect of the type and content of blowing

agents in the polymeric materials being processed on the structure and selected physical

and mechanical properties of the obtained injection moulded parts. In the study of the

cellular injection moulding process, three standard and generally available thermoplastics

were used. In the experiments, the blowing agent content (0-2.0% by mass, i.e. 0, 0.4, 0.8

and 2.0% (wt)) fed into the polymer being processed was adopted as a variable factor. In

the present study, the blowing agents with the endothermic decomposition characteristics

Foam Update

September 2015


and exothermic decomposition characteristics, coming in a granulated form with a

diameter ranging from 1.2 to 3 mm were used. Based on the results of investigating

porosity, porous structure image analysis as well as microscopic examination of the

structure was shown. It has been found, that the favourable content of the blowing agent

in the polymeric material should be of up to 0.8% wt.. With such content of the blowing

agent in the polymeric material, favourable strength properties are retained in porous

parts, the pore distribution is uniform and the pores have similar sizes. 25 Refs.

c. Foam products

COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING ANTI-FOAMS

Inventor(s) Panandiker, R. K., Kluesener, B. W.


Corporate/Assignee The Procter & Gamble Company (Cincinnati, OH)


Abstract:

The present application relates to cleaning and/or treatment compositions comprising anti-

foams and methods of making and using such compositions. Such compositions

encompass consumer products, cleaning and/or treatment compositions, fabric care

compositions, or liquid laundry detergents that provide the desired suds profile via the

addition of an antifoamer, yet are stable.

CROSSLINKED FOAMS HAVING HIGH HARDNESS AND LOW

COMPRESSION SET

Inventor(s) Tu, H., Hao, L., Yun, X., Wu, C.


Corporate/Assignee Dow Global Technologies Llc


Abstract:

A foamable formulation composition comprises at least 50 weight percent of an

ethylene/.alpha.-olefin interpolymer having a Comonomer Distribution Constant in the

range of from 15 to 250; a density in the range of from 0.875 to 0.963 g/cm.sup.3; a melt

index (I.sub.2) in a range of from 0.5 to 5 g/10 minutes; and long chain branching

frequency in the range of from 0.05 to 3 long chain branches (LCB) per 1000 C; (2) a

blowing agent; and (3) a cross link agent. The formulation may be processed to result in a

foam having a density ranging from 0.05 to 0.25 g/cm.sup.3 and have properties such as

split tear, compression set, and/or shrinkage percentage that are improved in comparison

with otherwise-identical formulations lacking the identified ethylene/.alpha.-olefin

interpolymer in comparable amount. These foams may be particularly useful for a variety

of applications, including, in particular, footwear applications.

Foam Update

September 2015


SURFACTANT-CONTAINING FOAMS

Inventor(s) Schmiedel, P., Panzica, D., Reichert, C., Stubenrauch, C., Volker, M.,

Trebbe, U.




Abstract:

The application describes surfactant-containing foams whose liquid phases exhibit yield

points, the manufacture thereof, and packaged products that contain said foams.

ETHYLENE-BASED POLYMER COMPOSITIONS AND FOAMS

Inventor(s) Low, B. T.




Abstract:

The invention provides a composition comprising the following: A) a first polymer

selected from the following: i) an ethylene/.alpha.-olefin interpolymer; or ii) an

ethylene/.alpha.-olefin multi-block interpolymer; B) a second polymer selected from the

following: iii) an ethylene/.alpha.-olefin interpolymer; iv) an ethylene/.alpha.-olefin/non-

conjugated diene interpolymer; or v) an ethylene/.alpha.-olefin multi-block interpolymer;

and wherein the first polymer has a density from 0.880 to 0.910 g/cc, and the second

polymer has a density less than, or equal to, 0.867 g/cc, and wherein the weight ratio of

the first polymer to the second polymer is from 0.5 to 9.

LAMINATED FOAM SHEET, AND, RESIN MOLDED ARTICLE

Inventor(s) Aoki, K.

Sources JP 2015127106

Corporate/Assignee Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd.


Abstract:

An object of the present invention is to

provide a generation hardly laminated

foam sheet of poor appearance in

thermoforming, to provide a high-

quality resin molded article. In total

content of styrene dimers and styrene trimers is 2000ppm or less, and has the non-foamed

layer of predetermined thermal melting properties of the laminated foam sheet

respectively in the foamed layer and a non-foamed layer containing a predetermined

amount of a foaming agent of a hydrocarbon-based It is formed in the rubber-modified

Foam Update

September 2015


polystyrene resin.

EXTRUDED FOAM AND A PRODUCTION METHOD THEREOF HAS THE

ANTIBACTERIAL

Inventor(s) Takagi, Y., Nakayama, A., Koichi, T.


Corporate/Assignee Birth, Inc.

Publication Date N/A

Abstract:

Polystyrene , polyester , polyethylene , such as such as foaming plastics the main

component and the foam is heat insulation and cushioning property are rich in such heat

insulation materials, cushioning materials and packaging containers are used as.

In recent years, the natural environment awareness is enhanced, environmental protection

of the efforts have been advocated is. And, of this effort part as, and In the environment

refers not material (for example, derived from plants of the component ) is "foam" with

being sought. For example, Patent Document 1, the plant-derived components are

considered to postcard waste paper by applying the extruded foams is disclosed is. The

extruded foam, postcard waste paper and the resin component is polypropylene and

auxiliaries as corn starch and kneaded with, then it is extruded be obtained by.

FOAMED POLYPROPYLENE PRODUCTION METHOD

Inventor(s) Mei, F.


Corporate/Assignee Nantong Hao Kai Sporting Goods Co.


Abstract:

The present invention provides a method for preparing a polypropylene foam, comprising

the steps of: mixing, preload, foaming, molding and drying. The prepared composite

foamed polypropylene expansion ratio of up to 5 to 15 times, it has a good fire-retardant

insulation properties and good tensile strength, flexural strength and other mechanical

properties. It can be widely used in food packaging, cushion packaging, automotive

interior parts, transportation, construction, industry and other fields.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING A FOAMED EXTRUDED FILM

Inventor(s) Warkoski, G. J.

Sources WO 2015097060

Corporate/Assignee Solvay Specialty Polymers USA, Llc


Abstract:

Foam Update

September 2015


Disclosed herein is a method for preparing a

microcellular foamed film including providing a

combined mixture of a thermoplastic polymer resin with

at least one foaming and/or nucleating agent to an

extruder (140), melting the mixture (combination) in the

extruder (140) and forming micropores in the molten

polymer mixture while passing the mixture through a

pressure drop zone of an extruder die (160) such that the

film is formed by; forcing the combination rapidly

through an extruder die (160) of an extruder thereby

forming an extrudate and subsequently also rapidly

sending the combination through a nip sizing gap (230) such that the mixture is

simultaneously being foamed and squeezed between a base (first) (110) and second (120)

roller forcing expansion of the molten combination to expand within a die opening gap

path without completely filling the nip sizing gap or the die opening gap path with the

molten mixture (combination) during forming of the foamed polymer film (210).

FLAME-RETARDANT COPOLYMERS OF DIALKYL (METH)

ACRYLOYLOXYALKYL PHOSPHATE OR DIALKYL

(METH)ACRYLOYLOXYALKYL PHOSPHONATE MONOMERS AND

POLYMER FOAMS BASED MADE THEREFROM

Inventor(s) Qi, Y., Li, Y., Bunker, S., Costeux, S., Morgan, T. A.




Abstract:

Polymer foam bodies are made from phosphorus-containing thermoplastic random

copolymers of a dialkyl (meth)acryloyloxyalkyl phosph(on)ate. Foam bodies made from

these copolymers exhibit increased limiting oxygen indices and surprisingly have good

properties. In certain embodiments, the phosphorus-containing thermoplastic copolymer is

blended with one or more other polymers and formed into nanofoams.

d. Applications

MECHANICALLY INVISIBLE POLYMER COATINGS

Inventor(s) Skov, A. L.




Abstract:

The present invention relates to a composition comprising encapsulated particles in a

Foam Update

September 2015


polymeric material. The composition comprises a continuous phase and a discontinuous

phase incorporated therein, wherein the continuous phase comprises a first polymeric

material and wherein the discontinuous phase comprises particles, said particles

comprising a filler material and an encapsulating coating of a second polymeric material,

wherein the backbones of the first and second polymeric materials are the same. The

composition may be used in electroactive polymers (EAPs) in order to obtain

mechanically invisible polymer coatings.

TAMPER EVIDENT TABBED SEALING MEMBER HAVING A FOAMED

POLYMER LAYER

Inventor(s) Thorstensen-Woll, R. W.




Abstract:

A pull-tab sealing member for a container providing a foamed

polymer layer positioned within the sealing member for

effective heat sealing to the container together with a lower

laminate below a tab capable of tearing to provide a tamper

evident structure below the tab.

FOAMED POLYESTER EXTRUSION PROCESS AND EQUIPMENT WHICH

CAN BE USED IN PLANTS FOR PRODUCING SHEETS, BOARDS OR TUBES

OF FOAMED POLYESTER

Inventor(s) Bandera, F., Venegoni, E.


Corporate/Assignee Costruzioni Meccaniche Luigi Bandera S.P.A. (Busto Arsizio Va,

IT)


Abstract:

A foamed polyester extrusion process and equipment

can be used in plants for producing sheets, boards or

tubes of foamed polyester, preferably of the type

operating continuously which has a thermoregulated

frame provided with a feeding inlet of pure and/or

recycled polyester material inside the frame. Two co-

rotating screws are arranged inside the frame, the co-

rotating screws defining, with the internal walls of the

frame, a first degassing zone interposed between a feeding zone placed at the feeding inlet

and a first tight zone. A second degassing zone is placed downstream from the first

Foam Update

September 2015


degassing zone and is separated from the latter through the first tight zone. A foaming

agent inlet zone is placed downstream from the second degassing zone and is separated

from the latter through a second tight zone and a pumping end zone of the melted material

is placed downstream from the foaming agent inlet zone. The first degassing zone has a

first vent placed at a first segment of the first degassing zone adjacent to the first tight

zone, wherein the first degassing zone is adapted to carry out a forced atmospheric

degassing at a temperature lower than the melting point of a treated polyester material, and

the second degassing zone is adapted to carry out a vacuum degassing at a temperature

equal to or greater than the melting point of the treated polyester material.

THERMALLY EXPANDABLE MICROCAPSULE AND FOAM-MOLDED

ARTICLE

Inventor(s) Kawaguchi, Y., Kosaka, Y.


Corporate/Assignee Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. (Osaka, JP)


Abstract:

A thermally expandable microcapsule, which shows excellent heat resistance and a high

expansion ratio and thereby can be suitably used for molding processes involving high

shearing force, such as kneading molding, calender molding, extrusion molding, and

injection molding. The thermally expandable microcapsule also provides a foamed

product using the thermally expandable microcapsule. The thermally expandable

microcapsule contains a shell made of a polymer; and a volatile expansion agent as a core

agent encapsulated in the shell, the storage elastic modulus (E') of the shell at a

temperature of 200.degree. C. and a frequency of 10 Hz being 1.times.10.sup.5 N/m.sup.2

or more, the storage elastic modulus (E') of the shell at a temperature of 250.degree. C.

and a frequency of 10 Hz being 1.times.10.sup.5 N/m.sup.2 or more, and a maximum

displacement amount measured by thermomechanical analysis being 300 .mu.m or more.

POLYMERIC MATERIAL FOR AN INSULATED CONTAINER

Inventor(s) Leser, C. K., Driskill, P. A., Wallace, C. T., Euler, J. B., Paladino, J. J.,

Maravich, M. C., Davis, D. O., Mann, J. A., Bowlds, R. A., Contrada, S. I.


Corporate/Assignee Berry Plastics Corporation (Evansville, IN)


Abstract:

Foam Update

September 2015


A formulation includes a polymeric material, a nucleating agent, a

blowing agent, and a surface active agent. The formulation can be used

to form a container.

MASTERBATCH FOR FOAM MOLDING AND MOLDED FOAM

Inventor(s) Kawaguchi, Y., Kosaka, Y., Matsumura, K.


Corporate/Assignee Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. (Osaka, JP)


Abstract:

The present invention has its object to provide a masterbatch for foam molding, which can

be suitably used for molding processes involving high shearing force, such as kneading

molding, calender molding, extrusion molding, and injection molding, which shows a high

expansion ratio, and which yields a foamed product with a good appearance. The present

invention also has its object to provide a foamed product using the masterbatch for foam

molding. A masterbatch for foam molding comprises a base resin and a thermally

expandable microcapsule, the base resin being a thermoplastic resin having a melting

point of 100.degree. C. or higher, the masterbatch containing 10 to 230 parts by weight of

the thermally expandable microcapsule to 100 parts by weight of the base resin, and the

masterbatch having a true density of 0.80 g/cm.sup.3 or more, a bulk density of 0.35

g/cm.sup.3 or more, and a masterbatch size of 450 mg/30 pieces or more.

INSULATED SLEEVE FOR A CUP

Inventor(s) Leser, C. K., Wallace, C. T., Driskill, P. A., Euler, J. B., Paladino, J. J.,

Maravich, M. C., Davis, D. O., Mann, J. A.


Corporate/Assignee Berry Plastics Corporation (Evansville, IN)


Abstract:

An insulative member for surrounding and embracing an exterior

surface of a hot-beverage drink cup to provide a grippable low-

temperature thermal barrier that can be gripped by a consumer, the

member comprising a sheet comprising insulative cellular non-

aromatic polymeric material having localized plastic deformation

in the sheet and providing a plastically deformed first material

segment having a first density located in a first portion of the sheet

and a second material segment having a second density lower than

the first density located in an adjacent second portion of the sheet.

Foam Update

September 2015


IN-SITU FOAM CORE STRUCTURAL ARTICLES AND METHODS OF

MANUFACTURE OF PROFILES

Inventor(s) Roberts, R. W.




Abstract:

A method of manufacturing an elongated article is recited

to include extruding a first and a second layer each having

peripheries. The second layer is spaced apart from and

opposed to the first layer. Together, they define a cavity

between them. Into that cavity particles are dispensed.

The particles are expanded with an expansion fluid to

form an in-situ foam core and to thermally bond the in-situ foam core to the first and

second layers. The first and second layers having the thermal bond to the in-situ foam core

are shaped to form the article. An elongated article from this process is also recited.

FOAM INSULATION PAPER CONTAINER, AND A METHOD OF

MANUFACTURING THE SAME

Inventor(s) Kose, T., Hirai, Y., Takano, M., Isshiki, N.


Corporate/Assignee Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd.


Abstract:

The present invention excellent in smoothness of the

foam layer surface, and provides a shortened possible

foam insulation paper container foaming time. And

SOLUTION base paper, a thermoplastic resin layer

covering the one surface of the base paper, a foamed

heat-insulating paper container having a foamed layer

which covers the other surface of the base paper, wherein

the foam layer is electron beam irradiation is made of

foam of a polyolefin resin has a melting point of the

thermoplastic resin forming the thermoplastic resin layer

is higher than the melting point of said electron beam

irradiated polyolefin resin, foam insulation paper

container.

Foam Update

September 2015


PP FOAM SHEET EXTRUDER MIXING FEED SCREW EXTRUSION

APPARATUS

Inventor(s) Huang, Z., Huang, X.


Corporate/Assignee Lan Airlines Machinery Co.


Abstract:

The present invention discloses a PP foam sheet extruder mixing feed screw extrusion

apparatus, comprising: a screw body, one end of the screw body of the screw head, the

other end of the screw body is a screw tail, the body surface of the screw Useful in the

feed screw extrusion material, extrusion material from at least two long threaded screw

longitudinal helical arrangement in order, and is formed of a conductive thread trough

between each adjacent two long thread, long thread of two longitudinally adjacent

adjacent guide chute staggered settings. Advantage of the present invention is: greatly

improved material mixing uniformity, thus greatly improving the quality and performance

of the finished product.

e. Degradable and Sustainable Foam

MANUFACTURE OF POLYLACTIC ACID FOAMS USING LIQUID CARBON

DIOXIDE

Inventor(s) Garancher, J. P. M. P.


Corporate/Assignee Biopolymer Network Limited


Abstract:

Methods of producing CO.sub.2-impregnated crystallisable polylactic acid resins and

expanded polylactic acid foams.

BIODEGRADABLE POLYESTER RESIN COMPOUND FOR FOAMING AND

FOAM OBTAINED THEREFROM

Inventor(s) Kim, H. S., Yeom, N. Y., Choi, S. Y.


Corporate/Assignee Samsung Fine Chemicals Co., Ltd.


Abstract:

Disclosed are a biodegradable polyester resin compound for foaming and a foam obtained

therefrom. The disclosed biodegradable polyester resin compound for foaming is obtained

by melt-kneading a biodegradable polyester resin and a multifunctional chain extender,

wherein the biodegradable polyester resin has a melt index (MI) of 5g/10min-15g/10min

as measured according to ASTM D1238 at a temperature of 190℃ and under a load of

Foam Update

September 2015


2.16kg, and the multifunctional chain extender has a ratio range of 0.3 parts by weight-1.0

parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the biodegradable polyester resin.

AN ECO-FRIENDLY HIGH IMPACT ANTIMICROBIAL FLAME RETARDANT

COMPOSITE BOARD

Inventor(s) Luo, L., Yin, W., Li, J., Chen, Y.


Corporate/Assignee Positive Industry Packaging (Zhongshan) Co., Ltd.


Abstract:

The present invention discloses an environmentally

friendly flame retardant high impact antimicrobial

composite panels, derived from the multi-layer

composite, from top to bottom include polylactic acid

antibacterial mounting board, the soft layer is high

impact, starch / plant fiber foamed layer, polylactic

acid / starch lamellar flame, polylactic toughening

bottom plate, the soft layer is high impact multilayered fibrous composite nanoparticle

suspension, the surface of the adhesive layer by the inorganic fibers and the polylactic acid

antimicrobial adhesive sheet, polylactic acid / starch retardant layer and the bottom plate

of the bottom plate polylactic toughening coextrusion prepared starch / plant fiber and the

foamed layer of polylactic acid / starch retardant board through the double layer is formed

by adhesive bonding. The composite board has excellent impact resistance and mechanical

properties, antimicrobial and flame resistance, and use environmentally friendly materials,

with a wide range of application.

CHEMICAL FOAMING EXTRUSION OF POLY(LACTIC ACID) WITH

CHAIN-EXTENDERS: PHYSICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL

CHARACTERIZATIONS

Author(s) Julien, J. M., Quantin, J. -C., Bénézet, J. -C., Bergeret, A., Lacrampe, M. F.,

Krawczak, P.

Sources European Polymer Journal 67, No.1, 2015, p.40-49


Publication Date March 17, 2015

Abstract:

Foam Update

September 2015


The effects of an epoxide-based

chain-extender (CE) on the properties

of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) foams

obtained by chemical foaming

extrusion using 4 wt.% of chemical

foaming agent (CFA) were studied.

PLA/CE blends with different weight

ratios of CE were initially processed

using a co-rotating twin-screw

extruder. PLA/CE foams were then

produced using a single-screw

extruder. Various PLA/CE foams characterizations, including solution viscosity, thermal

properties (DSC, TGA), cellular structure (void fraction, cell size, open cell content),

mechanical and dynamic rheological behaviors, were investigated. Results show that the

addition of CE enhances the viscosimetric average molecular weight and rheological

properties (viscosity and storage modulus) of PLA, but it has no significant effects on the

thermal properties of PLA, except the occurring of a cold crystallization. The CE

incorporation also led to a decrease in the void fraction of cellular PLA, in the cell size

and in the open cell content and to an increase in the cell density. Furthermore, the tensile

mechanical properties such as yield stress and elongation at break of cellular materials

increased with the addition of CE.

f. Thermoset Foam; PU and Others

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A POLYURETHANE FOAM AND

POLYURETHANE FOAM OBTAINABLE THEREFROM

Inventor(s) Lindner, S., Friederichs, W., Strey, R., Sottmann, T., Khazova, E., Kramer,

L., Dahl, V., Chalbi, A.




Abstract:

A process for producing a polyurethane foam with bimodal cell size distribution,

comprising the following steps: providing a mixture in a mixing head, where the mixture

comprises: A) a component reactive towards isocyanates; B) a surfactant component; C) a

blowing agent component selected from the group consisting of linear, branched or cyclic

C.sub.1- to C.sub.6-alkanes, linear, branched or cyclic C.sub.1- to C6-fluoroalkanes,

N.sub.2, O.sub.2, argon and/or CO.sub.2, where blowing agent component C) is present in

the supercritical or near-critical state; D) a polyisocyanate component; discharging the

mixture comprising components A), B), C), and D) from the mixing head where, during

the discharge of the mixture, the pressure prevailing in the mixture is lowered to

atmospheric pressure.

Foam Update

September 2015


REACTION SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING PUR AND PIR HARD FOAM

MATERIALS CONTAINING LAYER SILICATES

Inventor(s) Lindner, S., Friederichs, W., Strey, R., Scottmann, T., Engelen, D.


Corporate/Assignee Bayer Materialscience AG


Abstract:

The invention relates to a reaction system for producing PUR and PIR hard foam

materials, comprising the following components: A) a compound which is reactive

towards isocyanates; B1) a surfactant component; C) a propellant in a supercritical or

near-critical state; D) a polyisocyanate; and E) a layer silicate. The invention further

relates to a reaction system for producing PUR and PIR hard foam materials, comprising

the following components: B2) a surfactant component with functional groups which are

reactive towards isocyanates; C) a propellant in a supercritical or near-critical state; D) a

polyisocyanate; and E) a layer silicate. The invention further relates to a method for

producing PUR and PIR hard foam materials and to PUR and PIR hard foam materials

which can be obtained from the aforementioned reaction systems.

FOAMED POLYURETHANES HAVING IMPROVED FLEXING ENDURANCE

PROPERTIES

Inventor(s) Mohmeyer, N., Freidank, D., Schoeps, S., Emge, A., Loeffler, A., Ortalda,

M.


Corporate/Assignee BASF SE (Ludwigshafen, DE)


Abstract:

The present invention relates to foamed polyurethane obtainable by mixing a)

polyisocyanates, b) relatively high molecular weight compounds having groups reactive

toward isocyanate groups, c) solid particles, d) blowing agents, e) if appropriate, chain

extender, crosslinking agent or mixtures thereof, f) if appropriate, catalyst and g) if

appropriate, other additives to give a reaction mixture and allowing the reaction mixture to

Foam Update

September 2015


react to completion, the propotion of chain extender being less than 6% by weight, based

on the total weight of the components a) to f), the content of solid particles being greater

than 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the components a) to f), and the average

functionality of the relatively high molecular weight compounds having groups reactive

toward isocyanate groups being less 2.5. The present invention furthermore relates to a

molding comprising a foamed polyurethane according to the invention, a process for the

preparation of the foamed polyurethane according to the invention and the use of a

molding according to the invention as a shoe sole.

PROCESS FOR MAKING LOW COMPRESSION AND HIGH AIRFLOW MDI

VISCOELASTIC POLYURETHANE FOAM

Inventor(s) Ma, H., Aou, K., Gamboa, R. R., Rosenthal, C., Autenrieth, R.


Corporate/Assignee Dow Global Technologies LLC (Midland, MI)


Abstract:

A reaction system comprising an organic polyisocyanate and an isocyanate reactive

component for preparation of a viscoelastic polyurethane foam is provided. The isocyanate

reactive component comprises (i) from 10 to 50% by weight of one or more low

equivalent weight propylene oxide rich (PO-rich) polyols having a combined number

average equivalent weight from 200 to 500, (ii) from 45 to 95% by weight of one or more

ethylene oxide (EO-rich) polyols having a combined number average equivalent weight

from 200 to 800 and an ethylene oxide content from 40% to 65% by weight of the total

mass of the EO-rich polyol and at least one of (iii) from 10 to 30% by weight of one or

more high equivalent weight PO-rich polyols having a number average equivalent weight

from 800 to 2,000 or (iv) from 10 to 40% by weight of one or more propylene oxide co-

polymer polyols containing styrene-acrylonitrile.

RIGID POLYURETHANE FOAM HAVING A SMALL CELL SIZE

Inventor(s) Bertucelli, L., Parenti, V., Li, D., Liu, W., Chai, N., Wang, B., Chen, C.,

Guo, D., Chen, G., Yin, E., Costeux, S., Smith, B.




Abstract:

A rigid polyurethane (PU) foam having a number average cell size of no greater than 10.

COMPOSITION SUITABLE FOR PREPARING POLYURETHANE- OR

POLYISOCYANURATE RIGID FOAMS

Inventor(s) Diendorf, J., Geiling III, R., Eilbracht, C., Ferenz, M.

Foam Update

September 2015



Corporate/Assignee Evonik Degussa GMBH


Abstract:

The subject matter of the present invention concerns a composition that is suitable for

preparing polyurethane- or polyisocyanurate rigid foams comprising at least one

isocyanate component, at least one polyol component, at least one foam stabilizer, at least

one urethane- and/or isocyanurate catalyst, optionally water and/or blowing agents, and

optionally at least one flame retardant and/or additional additives. The composition is

characterized in that it comprises as foam stabilizers at least two different types 1 and 2 of

polyether siloxanes and the use of said composition for preparing polyurethane- or

polyisocyanurate foams, preferably rigid foams.

A PROCESSABLE SHAPE MEMORY POLYMER SYSTEM FOR BIOMEDICAL

APPLICATIONS

Author(s) Hearon, K., Wierzbicki, M. A., Nash, L. D., Landsman, T. L., Laramy, C.,

Lonnecker, A. T., Gibbons, M. C., Ur, S., Cardinal, K. O., Wilson, T. S.,

Wooley, K. L., Maitland, D. J.

Sources Advanced Healthcare Materials 4, No.9, 2015, p.1386-1398



Abstract:

Polyurethane shape memory polymers (SMPs) with tunable thermomechanical properties

and advanced processing capabilities are synthesized, characterized, and implemented in

the design of a microactuator medical device prototype. The ability to manipulate glass

transition temperature (Tg) and crosslink density in low-molecular weight aliphatic

thermoplastic polyurethane SMPs is demonstrated using a synthetic approach that

employs UV catalyzed thiol-ene “click” reactions to achieve postpolymerization

crosslinking. Polyurethanes containing varying C=C functionalization are synthesized,

solution blended with polythiol crosslinking agents and photoinitiator and subjected to

UV irradiation, and the effects of number of synthetic parameters on crosslink density are

reported. Thermomechanical properties are highly tunable, including glass transitions

tailorable between 30 and 105 °C and rubbery moduli tailorable between 0.4 and 20 MPa.

This new SMP system exhibits high toughness for many formulations, especially in the

case of low crosslink density materials, for which toughness exceeds 90 MJ m−3 at select

straining temperatures. To demonstrate the advanced processing capability and synthetic

versatility of this new SMP system, a laser-actuated SMP microgripper device for

minimally invasive delivery of endovascular devices is fabricated, shown to exhibit an

average gripping force of 1.43 ± 0.37 N and successfully deployed in an in vitro

experimental setup under simulated physiological conditions.

Foam Update

September 2015


EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CONCENTRATION OF RAPESEED-OIL-BASED

POLYOL AND WATER ON STRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

OF FLEXIBLE POLYURETHANE FOAMS

Author(s) Malewska, E., Bąk, S., Prociak, A.

Sources Journal of Applied Polymer Science 132, No.35, 2015, paper 42372, pp.11


Publication Date June 3, 2015

Abstract:

Flexible polyurethane foams (FPURFs) with varied concentration of water from 3.2 to

4.2% and rapeseed oil based polyol (ROP) in the range of 13–22% in polyol premix were

obtained. Effects of changes in polyurethane (PUR) formulation on the foaming process

and mechanical properties of FPURFs were analyzed. It was found that the change of

water content in PUR formulation influences its foaming process. Higher water content in

the PUR formulation increases the growth velocity and the temperature of reaction

mixture. In the case of foams modified with ROP, an opposite effect can be observed,

where higher content of that component resulted in overall downturn of the foaming

process and decreases of registered temperature inside the foams core. An addition of

ROP beneficially influences on foams cellular structure favoring creation of finer cells.

Such modification of PUR formulation with ROP increased apparent density, reduced

hardness, and resilience of flexible foams. What is more the support factor of FPURFs

with ROP was higher in comparison to the reference foam. Along with higher water

content in the PUR formulation, apparent density and hardness has decreased and foams

ability to absorb energy has been increased.

NON-ISOCYANATE POLYURETHANES: SYNTHESIS, PROPERTIES, AND

APPLICATIONS

Author(s) Rokicki, G., Parzuchowski, P. G., Mazurek, M.

Sources Polymers for Advanced Technologies 26, No.7, 2015, p.707-761


Publication Date May 13, 2015

Abstract:

Conventional polyurethanes are typically obtained from polyisocyanates, polyols, and

chain extenders. The main starting materials—isocyanates used in this process—raise

severe health hazard concerns. Therefore, there is a growing demand for environment-

friendly processes and products. This review article summarizes progress that has been

made in recent years in the development of alternative methods of polyurethane

synthesis. In most of them, carbon dioxide is applied as a sustainable feedstock for

polyurethane production directly or indirectly. The resulting non-isocyanate

polyurethanes are characterized by a solvent-free synthesis, resistance to chemical

degradation, 20% more wear resistance than conventional polyurethane, and can be

applied on wet substrates and cured under cold conditions. Three general polymer

synthetic methods, step-growth polyaddition, polycondensation, and ring-opening

Foam Update

September 2015


polymerization, are presented in the review. Much attention is given to the most popular

and having potential industrial importance method of obtaining non-isocyanate

polyurethanes, poly(hydroxy-urethane)s, based upon multicyclic carbonates and aliphatic

amines. It is evident from the present review that considerable effort has been made

during the last years to develop environmentally friendly methods of obtaining

polyurethanes, especially those with the use of carbon dioxide or simple esters of

carbonic acid.

PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF A NOVEL FLAME RETARDANT

POLYURETHANE QUASI-PREPOLYMER FOR TOUGHENING PHENOLIC

FOAM

Author(s) Ding, H., Wang, J., Liu, J., Xu, Y., Chen, R., Wang, C., Chu, F.

Sources Journal of Applied Polymer Science 132, No.35, 2015, paper 42424, pp.8


Publication Date June 3, 2015

Abstract:

A novel phosphorus- and nitrogen-containing

polyurethane quasi-prepolymer (PNPUQP)

was synthesized and incorporated into

phenolic foam (PF) in different ratios in order

to improve the toughness. The structure of

PNPUQP was confirmed by Fourier

transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and

nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The

effects of PNPUQP on the flame retardant

properties, thermal stability and mechanical

properties of modified PF were investigated.

The results suggested that the addition of 3

wt % PNPUQP increased the toughness of PF

and improved the flame retardancy. The

investigation on the morphology of PF and

modified PF by scanning electron microscope

(SEM) certified the good toughness of the

PNPUQP on PF. Additionally, the thermal properties of the foams were investigated by

thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) under N2 atmosphere.

EFFECTS OF HYDROTALCITES AND TRIS (1-CHLORO-2-PROPYL)

PHOSPHATE ON THERMAL STABILITY, CELLULAR STRUCTURE AND

FIRE RESISTANCE OF ISOCYANATE-BASED POLYIMIDE FOAMS

Author(s) Suna, G., Liub, L., Wangb, J., Wanga, H., Wanga, W., Han, S.

Sources Polymer Degradation and Stability 115, No.1, 2015, p.1-15


Foam Update

September 2015


Publication Date February 4, 2015

Abstract:

Isocyanate-based polyimide foams (PIFs) with different dosages of liquid tri (1-chloro-2-

propyl) phosphate (TCPP) and micro-sized hydrotalcites (LDHs) particles alone, as well

as different mixing ratios of TCPP and LDHs, were prepared via a one-step process in

this work. Limiting oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimeter test (CCT) results indicated

that TCPP exhibited more pronounced flame retardant efficiency than LDHs for

isocyanate-based PIFs. However, scanning electron microscopy images and digital

macrostructural images results showed that, in contrast to LDHs, when the dosage of

TCPP exceeded 10% it caused a clear cracking effects on the macro-cellular structure and

opening cell effects on the micro-cellular structure for isocyanate-based PIFs. Because

the dramatically volatilization of TCPP during the postcuring process caused obvious

cellular contraction in the isocyanate-based PIFs. Meanwhile, the use of TCPP also

obviously decreased the thermal stability of isocyanate-based PIFs unlike LDHs.

However, when these two flame retardants were used in combination, they could

effectively enhance the fire resistance and ensure macro- and micro-cellular structures of

the isocyanate-based PIFs, unlike standalone use of TCPP and LDHs. When 10% TCPP

was simultaneously used with 10% LDHs, the macro- and micro-cellular structures of the

resultant foams were clearly improved compared with foams prepared using TCPP only.

These results were believed to be attributable to LDHs dispersion in the foams, which

enhanced the strength of cellular windows and skeletons, then restrained the cell

contraction. Compared with foams without flame retardants, the fire resistance of the

isocyanate-based PIFs prepared with 10% TCPP and 10% LDHs was obviously

enhanced; specially, the LOI was enhanced by 29.4%, and the peak of heat release rate

(PHRR) decreased by 36.1%. Thus, the use of liquid and solid flame retardants in

combination may effectively yield isocyanate-based PIFs with high quality cellular

structures and excellent fire resistance.

MORPHOLOGICAL FAILURE MECHANISMS IN TENSILE TESTS OF

CROSSLINKED POLYURETHANES WITH POORLY DEVELOPED DOMAIN

STRUCTURE

Author(s) Stribeck, N., Li, X., Kogut, I., Moritz, H., Eling, B., Goerigk, G. J., Hoell, A.

Sources Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 300, No.7, 2015, p.699-711



Abstract:

Foam Update

September 2015


Macroscopic failure of polyurethane

materials of 30 wt.-% hard-segment

content is related to microstructure

evolution mechanisms. Topology and

functionality (f = 2 … 4) of the polyols

are varied. Samples are strained and

small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS)

patterns are recorded. Only material PU-

I (f = 2) passes the tensile test. Material

PU-Hs – a H-shaped (f = 4) polyol with

short arms – is not nanostructured. PU-

Hl has long arms. It contains few hard

domains placed at random. PU-Hl

survives longer (strain: 1.8) than the other short-lived materials. Its isolated hard domains

are not destroyed during straining. PU-X (f = 4, star-shaped) develops microfibrils: one-

dimensional (1D) correlations among hard domains, as deduced from a chord distribution

function (CDF) analysis. PU-I and PU-Y are based on 2- and 3-functional polyols. They

contain many well-separated hard domains with one-dimensional (3D) connectivity.

Their arrangement of hard domains evolves identically, but not the population density. In

PU-I (and PU-X) hard domains fail during straining, in PU-Y the interdomain soft phase

density decreases.

SOLID CURING AGENTS FOR POLYURETHANE FOAMS: PROOF OF

CONCEPT OF THE RELEASE MECHANISM

Author(s) Ciriminna, R., Sciortino, M., Marques, A. C., Schrijver, A., Bordado, J. C.,

Pagliaro, M.

Sources Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 300, No.7, 2015, p.674-678



Abstract:

We show the first evidence that the

microporous GreenCaps organosilica

microspheres, functionalized with glycerol

and sprayed from a pressurized one

component polyurethane foam completely

break and release their functional payload,

thereby noticeably increasing the rate and the

extent of the foam's curing. Further positive

results concerning the main froth parameters

used by urethane foam manufacturers in the

presence of the GreenCaps confirm the

potential of these materials to cure better and

greener spray polyurethane foams.

Foam Update

September 2015


MODELING, KINETIC, AND EQUILIBRIUM CHARACTERIZATION OF

PARAQUAT ADSORPTION ONTO POLYURETHANE FOAM USING THE

ION-PAIRING TECHNIQUE

Author(s) Vinhal, J. O., Lage, M. R., Carneiro, J. W. M., Lima, C. F., Cassella, R. J.

Sources Journal of Environmental Management 156, No.1, 2015, p.200-208



Abstract:

We studied the adsorption of paraquat onto polyurethane foam (PUF) when it was in a

medium containing sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS). The adsorption efficiency was

dependent on the concentration of SDS in solution, because the formation of an ion-

associate between the cationic paraquat and the dodecylsulfate anion was found to be a

fundamental step in the process. A computational study was carried out to identify the

possible structure of the ion-associate in aqueous medium. The obtained data

demonstrated that the structure is probably formed from four units of dodecylsulfate

bonded to one paraquat moiety. The results showed that 94% of the paraquat present in

45 mL of a solution containing 3.90 × 10−5 mol L−1 could be retained by 300 mg of

PUF, resulting in the removal of 2.20 mg of paraquat. The experimental data were

reasonably adjusted to the Freundlich isotherm and to the pseudo-second-order kinetic

model. Also, the application of Morris–Weber and Reichenberg models indicated that

both film-diffusion and intraparticle-diffusion processes were active during the control of

the adsorption kinetics.

SYNTHESIS AND MORPHOLOGY OF RIGID POLYURETHANE FOAMS

WITH POSS AS PENDANT GROUPS OR CHEMICAL CROSSLINKS

Author(s) Hebda, E., Ozimek, J., Raftopoulos, K. N., Michałowski, S., Pielichowski, J.,

Jancia, M., Pielichowski, K.

Sources Polymers for Advanced Technologies 26, No.8, 2015, p.932-940



Abstract:

This work reports on the preparation of polyurethane foams (PUFs) chemically modified

by functionalized 1,2-propanediolisobutyl polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane (PHI-POSS) as

pendant groups and octa(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyldimethylsiloxy) POSS (OCTA-POSS)

as chemical crosslinks. The resulting foams, which contain 0 to 15 wt% POSS (versus

polyol), were characterized in terms of their structure, morphology, density, thermal

conductivity, compressive strength, and water absorption. Fourier transform infrared-

attenuated total reflectance revealed good reaction rate between POSS and PUF. PHI-

POSS suppresses the formation of the hydrogen bonds in the soft phase. The composite

foams with OCTA-POSS showed a reduced number of cells and increased average area

Foam Update

September 2015


of foam cells in comparison with the PUF, while the addition of PHI-POSS causes an

increase in the number of cells of the foam as compared with the reference, and thus a

reduction in the average area of cells. Scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive

X-ray spectroscopy analysis revealed that POSS moieties form lamellae-shaped crystals

of different sizes, distributed homogeneously in the bulk (PHI-POSS) or close to the self

surfaces (OCTA-POSS). The compressive strength of PUF/POSS hybrids in the direction

parallel and perpendicular to the direction of foam rise is greater than the strength of the

reference foam. PHI-POSS improves monotonically the compressive strength in the

studied loading range. About 5 wt% OCTA-POSS also provides reinforcement, but

further loading reverses the phenomenon. PUF/POSS hybrids absorb less water than the

pristine foam because of an increase of foam density.

GLYCOLYSIS OF VISCOELASTIC FLEXIBLE POLYURETHANE FOAM

WASTES

Author(s) Simón, D., Borreguero, A. M., Lucas, A., Rodríguez, J. F.

Sources Polymer Degradation and Stability 116, No.1, 2015, p.23-35



Abstract:

Nowadays polymer recycling processes are one of the most published research topics due

to the increasing importance that is achieving the environmental world. One of most

important types of polymers are the polyurethanes and among them flexible foams are the

most produced ones, posing about the half of polyurethane total production. Flexible

foams can be classified as conventional, viscoelastic and High Resilience (HR) ones. In

recent years, viscoelastic foams have had positive recognition and acceptance from

consumers and, therefore, they have seen increased their applications in the world plastic

market becoming of this way the PU sector that is undergoing a faster growing. As a

consequence, viscoelastic foam wastes are experimenting an exponentially growing and

therefore getting a proper solution is a crucial goal. In this work, for the first time in

literature, the extension of the glycolysis process to flexible viscoelastic polyurethane

foams scraps has been demonstrated based on the optimized conditions determined by the

research group in previous papers for conventional flexible polyurethane foam wastes

and consequently a glycolyzate susceptible of being foamed in a further step has been

obtained. Furthermore, it has been stated that the glycolyzate, once the purification

process has taken place, is really similar to the ones achieved in the glycolysis of

conventional foams and for this reason the same foaming recipe has been successfully

applied.

In consequence, one of the biggest challenges of the flexible PU foam glycolysis has

been achieved since it has been demonstrated that the joint recycling treatment of

conventional and viscoelastic PU foams blends, which mean approximately the 95% of

the total flexible PU foam production, would be possible avoiding this way the necessity

of a selective collection or a previous separation step of PU scraps.

Foam Update

September 2015


Furthermore, it has been stated that the glycolysis bottom phase obtained from

viscoelastic flexible PU foam scraps can be used to replace partially a raw rigid polyol in

the synthesis of new rigid PU foams. Hence, a global valorization of the glycolysis

phases has been achieved converting them in profitable substances.

g. Microcellular and Expanded Particle

BEVERAGE CONTAINER

Inventor(s) Price, S. G., Heintz, A., Koay, A. L. K.


Corporate/Assignee Diageo Ireland


Abstract:

A beverage container or package that includes an

internal surface for promoting nitrogen bubble

nucleation and growth. The surface incorporates a

plurality of nanoscale structures, e.g. between 6 and

100 nanometres in size. Most preferably the structures

are pits, greater than 15 nm in depth/height. Upon

opening the container filled with a Nitrogen (and

carbon dioxide) supersaturated beverage, a foaming

effect occurs which provides a desirable head of fine bubbles when transferred to a

drinking glass.

POLYETHYLENE-BASED RESIN FOAMED PARTICLES, POLYETHYLENE-

BASED RESIN IN-MOLD-FOAM-MOLDED BODY, AND METHOD FOR

PRODUCING POLYETHYLENE-BASED RESIN FOAMED PARTICLES

Inventor(s) Yoshida, T., Itoi, A.


Corporate/Assignee Kaneka Corporation


Abstract:

Polyethylene-based resin foamed particles are obtained having good productivity, achieve

an increase in foaming ratio, and in which a miniaturization of the average cell diameter is

suppressed. A polyethylene-based resin in-mold-foam-molded body using the foamed

particles is reduced in yellowing of the surface of the molded body and has favorable

surface beauty (surface smoothness). The foamed particles contain, as a base resin, a

polyethylene-based resin composition containing 1000 ppm or more and 4000 ppm or less

in total of one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of antioxidants,

metal stearates, and inorganic substances and 50 ppm or more and 20000 ppm or less of

Foam Update

September 2015


hydrophilic compounds, in which the Z average molecular weight is 30.times.10.sup.4 or

more and 100.times.10.sup.4 or less, the surface layer film thickness is 11 .mu.m or more

and 120 .mu.m or less, and the open-cell ratio is 12% or less.

POLYOLEFIN RESIN FOAM PARTICLES, AND POLYOLEFIN RESIN IN-

MOLD EXPANSION MOLDED ARTICLE

Inventor(s) Toru, Y., Jun, F.


Corporate/Assignee Kaneka Corporation


Abstract:

The purpose of the present invention is to

produce: polyolefin resin foam particles each of

which has a large cell diameter in spite of a fact

that the particles are produced using a polyolefin

resin having an inorganic anti-blocking agent

added thereto such as a polyolefin resin for films;

and a polyolefin resin in-mold expansion molded

article which comprises the polyolefin resin foam

particles and has excellent beauty of the surface

thereof. Provided are polyolefin resin foam

particles which can be produced by expanding

polyolefin resin particles each comprising a

polyolefin resin composition and which have an

average cell diameter of 100 to 400 μm inclusive,

wherein the polyolefin resin composition contains

at least two types of inorganic anti-blocking

agents in the total amount of 0.03 to 2 parts by weight inclusive relative to 100 parts by

weight of a polyolefin resin.

Documents

A. Table of Contents - foamupdate.com fileBreathairTM hollow in the bedding market space. It is made of polyester-polyether thermoplastic elastomer with polyester as hard segment and