47
A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital Region Epictetus E. Patalinghug Gilbert M. Llanto Noriel C. Tiglao Alexis M. Fillone Christine Ruth Salazar Cherry Madriaga Ma Diyina Arbo PIDS‐CPBRD Seminar Series House of Representatives, Batasang Pambansa Complex, Quezon City December 2, 2015

A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital Region

Epictetus E. PatalinghugGilbert M. LlantoNoriel C. TiglaoAlexis M. Fillone

Christine Ruth SalazarCherry MadriagaMa Diyina Arbo

PIDS‐CPBRD Seminar SeriesHouse of Representatives, Batasang Pambansa Complex, Quezon City

December 2, 2015

Page 2: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

Scope of the Study

The study deals with:• barriers to reliable supply chain such as inadequate or inefficient transport infrastructure, customs and administrative procedures that hinder, delay or increase the cost of moving goods to and from the port area and

• regulatory impediments (e.g. truck ban, franchising rules) 

Page 3: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

Introduction

• The Port of Manila, the largest seaport in the country, is ranked 38th biggest port in the world in 2012.

• Container traffic volume grew by 6.7% in 2012 compared to 3% in 2011.

• Congestion of the Port of Manila has become a major point of discussion because Metro Manila accounts for only 0.5% of the country’s land area, but accounts for 14%, 18% and 56% of the country’s roads, population and vehicles,  respectively.

Page 4: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

Objectives

• To analyze the issues and problems that gave rise to the congestion of the Manila Port and the underutilization of the Batangas and Subic Ports.

• To make specific recommendations to decongest the Port of Manila and address the underutilization of Batangas and Subic Ports.

• To recommend other action plans, policies, programs, and projects to address the problem that are doable within the short‐run, medium‐term, and long‐term.

Page 5: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

Methodology

• Survey, interview, and FGD addressed to shippers, truckers, freight forwarders, logistics services providers and other stakeholders

• Rail Option Modeling Framework to estimate the volume of truck freight that will be shifted to rail freight

• Commodity Flow Model to capture the cost structure of both inbound and outbound traffic

Page 6: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

Background of the Manila Truck Ban

• The increase of container traffic and the offloading of the majority of container cargo in the Port of Manila led to significant increase in vehicular traffic from cargo trucks in the City of Manila

• Concerned with the congestion of vehicular traffic in the city streets, the City of Manila imposed a truck ban limiting the operating hours of container trucks transiting the city.

Page 7: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

Manila Truck Ban

• City of Manila imposed a truck ban on February 5, 2014 under Ordinance No. 8336, preventing trucks with gross weight of 4.5 tons and above from plying the city streets from 5 AM to 9 PM.

• On February 24, 2014 the truck ban was modified by providing a five‐hour window between 10 AM and 3 PM for loaded trucks for 6 months.

• On May 12, 2014 the City of Manila extended the five‐hour window by two hours (between 10 AM and 5 PM instead of between 10 AM and 3 PM).  

Page 8: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

Manila Truck Ban

• On 9 June 2014, the Metro Manila Council issued a resolution allowing cargo trucks to use an express lane on Roxas Boulevard 24 hours a day except on Fridays up to 10 December 2014.

• On 18 August 2014, the City of Manila opened a second 24‐hour express lane on the stretch of Quirino Avenue and Osmeña Highway.

• On 13 September 2014, the City of Manila lifted the truck ban indefinitely.

Page 9: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

Defining Congestion

• Port congestion is the term used for situations where ships have to queue up and wait for a spot so they can load and off‐load.  Ports only have a limited amount of dockage, and only so many cargo and container cranes.  The high traffic volume causes port congestion.

• The inadequacy of port capacity to cope with ship/cargo/vehicle traffic to and from the port resulting in delays in working the vessel and handling cargoes beyond reasonable period.

Page 10: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

Usual Causes of Port Congestion

• Increased demand for container shipping• Port constraints• Poor management• Truck driver shortage• Scheduling• Limited road infrastructure• Manner of loading and unloading cargo

Page 11: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

Other Sources of Congestion

• The construction of infrastructure along the truck routes and other major roads also contributed to longer travel time and reduced the number of truck trips.

• The lack of container yard for both laden and empty containers as well as the lack of truck holding area contributed to port congestion

Page 12: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

Impact of the Manila Port Congestion

• Increase in the cost of trucking services• Delay in the releasing of cargo and delivery of goods to clients

• Delay in berthing, loading, and discharging cargoes due to lack of storage spaces at the ports

• Difficulty of unloading empty containers

Page 13: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

Impact of the Manila Port Congestion

• Economic losses:BOC revenue losses PhP 25.55BOutput losses PhP 18.20BVehicle operating cost PhP 0.099B

Total PhP 43.85B

Page 14: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

Findings from Survey and FGD

A. Shippers/locators survey results94% of shippers use the Manila port 

because it is commonly used by shipping companies due to its proximity of the port to their warehouses and the availability of truckers, freight forwarders, and logistics service providers.

Page 15: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

Findings from Survey and FGDB. Survey results from freight forwarders and logistics services providers

79% of the respondents outsource their trucking services while 21% have their own trucking services.  China is the main source of import followed by Japan and the US. China is also the top export destination followed by Japan and the US.

Manila is the most frequently used port because of the availability of shipping lines, accessibility, and relatively easy release of goods

Page 16: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

Findings from Survey and FGD

C. Truckers survey resultsMajority of the respondents complained 

about the truck ban, LTFRB policies, MMDA and City of Manila traffic enforcers, and shipping lines’ habit of using the port as a container yard for empty containers.

Page 17: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

Quantifying the Cost and Time Delay of Shipment due to the Truck Ban

• The shippers/locators were asked to quantify the increase in cost of shipment by truck (say for a 20‐ft and 40‐ft containers) before and after the truck ban was implemented in the City of Manila. Of the seven respondents who answered the question, three out of seven mentioned that the truck rates doubled during the truck ban. One even mentioning that before the truck ban, the rate was Php18,000 and with the truck ban it was Php36,000. Only one indicated that the truck ban was insignificant to their operation.

Page 18: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

Quantifying the Cost and Time Delay of Shipment due to the Truck Ban

• Very high variation in cargo delay and truck rates due to the truck ban

Page 19: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

3.17

3.33

3.50

4.00

4.00

4.17

4.50

4.67

4.67

4.83

5.00

0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00

 [Open to use Subic port for import/export of goods given the Company's…

 [Experienced loss of customers due to delay in the arrival of imported raw…

[Plan to stop business operations due to this truck ban mess]

 [Hold off expansion/investment plans]

[Open to use rail to transport goods to/from which ever port]

[Open to use Batangas port for import/export of goods given the…

[Have to lay off workers as a result]

[Experienced delay in the shipment of export]

[Experienced increase in the cost of freight by trucks]

[Incurred production losses due to delay in the arrival of shipment]

[Experienced delay in the arrival of import]

Effect of the truck ban on the Shipper

5 – Strongly Agree,   4 – Agree, 3‐ neutral , 2 – Do not Agree, 1 – Definitely  do not Agree

Page 20: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

Answers of Shippers/Locators from the Questionnaire Survey

Page 21: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

The ICTSI‐PNR Experience in Rail Freight Transport

• ICTSI introduced a short range railway cargo transport service between MICT and CICD in December 1997.

• The frequency of rail service was between 2 to 4 round trips per day.

• The operating distance was about 55 km taking about 4 hours to complete the journey at an estimated speed of 13.75 kph.

Page 22: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

The ICTSI‐PNR Experience in Rail Freight Transport

• One train set was composed of 20 cars.• Loading capacity of car was two 20‐foot containers or one 40‐foot container.

• The rail cargo service was terminated in February 2003.

Page 23: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

Reasons for the Termination of the ICTSI‐PNR system

• The trains could not run at the desired speeds and could not be punctual because of the deteriorating conditions of the PNR tracks.

• It required long turnarounds and waiting times because only one train set was in operation.

• Squatters threw garbage towards passing cargo containers which required a cleaning cost of PhP 2 million per year. 

Page 24: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

Freight Rail vs. Freight Truck• Railway needs a transport distance of 500 km to be more cost competitive than trucks.

• Trucks are more cost efficient for short distance because railway does not deliver door‐to‐door.

• Trucks provide transhipment services from trains on both ends of the delivery process.

• Railways require huge up front investments.• Railway charges cost‐recovery tariffs which trucks do not pay full road infrastructure recovery costs. 

Page 25: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

Rail Freight Model• It uses vehicular traffic data and projections from 

MMUTIS (1999) and JICA (2010).• Trip generation growth rates are used to estimate total 

daily trips generated for years 2020 and 2030.• The occupancy factors used for private vehicles, trucks, 

and buses are based on JICA (2010).• Cargo demand forecasts for 2020 and 2030 are based 

on JICA (2010)• The zoning system used is based on MMUTIS (1999) 

with 181 zones plus 15 additional zones to cover PEZA areas, Subic, Batangas and Manila ports.

Page 26: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where
Page 27: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where
Page 28: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

Focus of study

Page 29: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where
Page 30: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where
Page 31: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

The Impact of Using Rail as an Alternative to Trucks in the Transfer of Goods in GCR (Rail Option 

Modeling Results)

• Under a 50%, 75% and 100% shift of road‐based freight transport to the use of the rail transport from locators and shippers in the periphery of Metro Manila and even for those freight coming from the North and going to the South and vice‐versa, the percent shift only translated to around 1 to 4% of truck traffic being removed from the road during both the peak and off peak periods resulting to an insignificant impact on the overall road network travel speed.

Page 32: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

The Impact of Using Rail as an Alternative to Trucks in the Transfer of Goods in GCR (Rail 

Option Modeling Results)

• Only around 4.2% of the truck freight would be shifted to rail freight during peak and non‐peak hours.

• The use of rail freight has negligible effect on the average speed of vehicles on the road network.

• Majority of survey respondents are open to use the rail option to ship their goods.

Page 33: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

Rail Option Conclusion

• Consider  developing new export processing zones near the railway line with the primary objective of using the rail system to transport the goods coming from or going to these export processing zones. An efficient rail system that connects these export processing zones to the ports as well as airports should be a major component of the plan.

• ICTSI has indicated its openness to use the rail service but it proposes that PNR use a double‐track rail system to avoid head‐on collision of cargo and passenger trains.

Page 34: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

PNR AND THE RAIL OPTION

To generate rail freight traffic through the PNR system requires the following investments:• Upgrading of railway tracks • Connecting the railway system to the port area

• Establishing inland container depots within striking distance from railway lines 

Page 35: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

Port Capacity

• Port of Manila has an annual capacity of 3.7 million containers, but is congested.

• Subic Port has 600,000 containers annual capacity but has a utilization rate of 5.6%

• Batangas Port has 300,000 containers annual capacity and has a utilization rate of 4.2%.

Page 36: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

The Bangkok Experience

• Thailand’s growing trade caused port congestion and traffic gridlock in Bangkok.

• To decongest Bangkok, the Port Authority of Thailand (PAT) developed the Laem Chabang Port which can accommodate 5 million containers in 1991.

• PAT issued a regulation limiting the volume at the Port of Bangkok.

• PAT initiated port expansion of Laem Chabang Port in 2005, a year before it breached the 4 million containers in its trade.

• Laem Chabang now ranks among the top 20 major ports in the world.

Page 37: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

Laem Chabang Port• In 1973, the government of Thailand started expropriating land in areas 130 kilometers from Bangkok.

• Construction started November 1987 and the port started commercial services in 1991.

• The 1st phase was aimed to create ample space for containers and capacity for large ships that were unable to dock at Bangkok Port.

• The 2nd phase was constructed in 2005 to raise capacity to 6.8 million containers.  The 3rd phase started in 2011 to raise capacity to 8 million containers by 2020. 

Page 38: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

Port Relocation is Not Easy

• The need to relocate ports to new sites could create some resistance due to huge sunk investments and long‐term contracts with existing operators.

• Relocation of ports to new sites is inevitable if both the City and Port are growing, leading to new assessments on the ideal location of the Port.

Page 39: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

Policy Direction on Port Development

• ICTSI/MICT contract was extended for 25 years (May 19, 2013 to May 18, 2038) with provision to expand and construct Berth 7.

• ATI/MSH contract was extended for 25 years (May 19, 2013 to May 18, 2038) with provision to convert Pier 9 into a foreign container berth

• MICT capacity: 2.5 million containers• MSH capacity: 1.2 million containers• 2013 throughput: 2.7 million containers

Page 40: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

Port Development Options

• Option A: Limit Manila Port to Berth 6 capacity of MICT and no port expansion for MSH

• Option B: Delay the construction of MICT Berth 7 and the South Harbor Pier 9 conversion until 2019 when Batangas and Subic ports are expected to attain full utilization

Page 41: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

Port Users Confederation

• While the lifting of the truck ban eased port congestion, several problems still need to be addressed. Two major problems are BOC practices (e.g. lengthy investigation of suspicious freight containers) and empty containers staying inside the port.

• PUC recommends to address 6 areas of port management: customs procedures and reforms, traffic management, port development, anti‐smuggling initiatives, international shipping regulation, and cargo terminal handling.

Page 42: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

Proposed Solutions to Port Congestion

• Congestion pricing• Off‐dock container yard• Expanded rail connections• Integrated maritime and rail movement• Port relocation

Page 43: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

Recommendations for the Short‐Term

• Issue a policy statement putting a cap on capacity of Manila ports and instruct that cargoes bound for or coming from the south of Manila should call on the Batangas Port and those bound for or coming from the north of Manila should call on the Subic Port.

• Urge ICTSI to revive the PNR rail freight operation to its inland container depot in Calamba, Laguna during off‐peak hours.

• Roll out the 24‐hour web‐based integrated truck dispatching, appointment, and booking system to improve the logistics chain.

Page 44: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

Recommendations for the Medium‐Term

• To facilitate the diversion Manila port traffic to Subic and Batangas ports, there is a need to increase the number of BOC/PPA personnel and expand the cargo handling equipment, berth and container yard capacity of the Batangas port.

• Adopt a rationalization plan for future port development and investment programs for ports in the GCR.

Page 45: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

Recommendations for the Medium‐Term

• Create an inter‐agency Land Identification and Acquisition Committee to conduct identification and inventory of potential port relocation or expansion sites.

• There is a need for a gradual rehabilitation and improvement of the PNR line so that it can be used to move empty, unclaimed, and abandoned containers to an inland container yard.

Page 46: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

Recommendations for the Long‐Term• Draft a multi‐modal transport and logistics development plan for Luzon with special emphasis on the interconnectivity within the Subic‐Clark‐Manila‐Batangas corridor.

• Design and construct a new and large deep sea port at the location site identified by the multi‐modal transport and logistics development plan.

• Implement the investments plan for new rail, maritime, port, airport, and road infrastructure to link our ports to the global supply chains.

Page 47: A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the ...€¦ · A System‐Wide Study of the Logistics Industry in the Greater Capital ... and 3 PM for loaded trucks ... where

Thank You