A synthetic drug is usually thought of as being a PURE. While this is generally the goal in the pharmaceutical industry, a small amount of contamination is expected. Generally the contaminants result from having a small amount of material needed for the synthesis remain in the completed recipe. For instance, aspirin is made using vinegar (acetic acid) and a small amount of acetic acid is therefore present in the final product. Oddly enough, in the late 1950s, one drug impurity led to thousands of babies being born with birth defects. The drug thalidomide was used as a sedative for pregnant women. The birth defects arose because in the synthesis of the desired molecule, large amounts of a molecule with the identical chemical structure, but with mirror opposite symmetry, was formed. Molecules with the same formula but different symmetry are called ISOMERS. This mirror opposite of the sedative molecule ISOMER had very dire consequences to the development of limbs in unborn children. http://www.aapspharmscitech.org/view.asp?art=pt030206

How did the test go? What grade do you estimate you have earned? Commit by writing it down: results next week

1. 45 – 502. 40 – 443. 35 – 394. 30 – 345. 29 – 256. 24 or less

What will we cover in Unit 2?

The taking in of drugs

The circulation of drugs

The elimination of drugs

The metabolism of drugs

The dosage of drugs

What influences response

The mixing of drugs

Lesson 7: MoleculesActivity 1:What is a molecule?

What are biological molecules?

Activity 2: BIO-molecules include: Make a List

How do we diagram molecules? Activity 3 and 4: List major elements

Some drug molecules:

THC

Carbon – assumed in bio molecules*N = nitrogenO = oxygenH = hydrogen (assumed on carbons*)Lines = bonds between joined atoms

CH3 = METHYLCOCH3 = ACETYLNH2/ NH3 = AMINECHO= ALDEHYDECOH=HYDROXYL

What are some functional groups?

*Diagram short cut = CH3

Acetyl group

How do we diagram molecules? Activity 3 and 4: List major elements

Some drug molecules:

THC

Carbon – assumed in bio molecules*N = nitrogenO = oxygenH = hydrogen (assumed on carbons*)Lines = bonds between joined atoms

CH3 = METHYLCOCH3 = ACETYLNH2/ NH3 = AMINECHO= ALDEHYDECOH=HYDROXYL

What are some functional groups?

*Diagram short cut = CH3

Activity 5-7: What molecules can drugs influence?

Receptor agonistor antagonist

Activity 5: What molecules can drugs influence?

receptor

ligand

receptor

CLOSED

Oxycontin

Transporter blocker

Activity 6:What molecules can drugs influence?

Recycling transporte

rs

cocaine

Enzyme inhibitor

Activity 7: What molecules can drugs influence?

enzymesligand

aspirin

enzymes

Review: use white boardsWhat are two ways you could diagram this

molecule: CH3CH2OHHow many carbons are in the molecule below?

Hydrogens?

How many carbons are in this molecule? CAREFUL

1. None2. 23. 44. 65. 8

O

What is this group and why d0 we care? CH

31. Alcohol, because it makes us drunk

2. Alcohol, because it makes drugs more soluble

3. Hydroxyl, because it makes drugs have longer half lives

4. Hydroxyl, because it influences how we respond to the drug

5. Methyl, because it changes an enzyme’s speed

6. Methyl, because it influences drug potency