GENERIC DESCRIPTION

[ 175 ]Trans. Brit. mycol. Soc. 47 (2), 175-195 (1964)'

Printed in Great Britain

A SURVEY OF THE GENUS INONOTUS(POLYPORACEAE)

By D. N. PEGLERThe Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

(With 2 Text-figures)

The paper presents a detailed generic description, and attempts to bringtogether all the accepted species of Inonotus in the form of a practical key, withbrief accounts of their macroscopic and microscopic structures. Eleven newcombinations are made, two at the specific level, six at varietal level, and threeat form level.

Inonotus Karsten (1879) was erected to accommodate all those polyporeswith 'Receptaculum pileatum, dimidiato-sessile, primitus spongioso-carnosum, dein firmum, elasticum, anodermeum, setoso-hispidum,coloratum. Hymenium heterogeneum sporaeque coloratae'. It consti-tuted for a time the subdivision Hispidi of the larger genus XanthochrousPatouillard 1897, but today is accepted in nearly all modern systems ofclassification of the Polyporaceae. Such systems are, however, restrictedin the main to covering limited geographical areas only, and no previousattempt has been made to study the genus on a world-wide basis. Hence

ther~ is still much confusion regarding the limits and nomenclature of thespeCIes.

The purpose of this paper is not to provide a complete monographicstudy of Inonotus, but rather to clarify the range and limits of the genus,and to provide descriptions, basic synonymy, and a practical key for usein the correct determination of the species. Wherever possible sporemeasurements have been given both as a range and with a mean value.All material investigated under the microscope was mounted in 10 %potassium hydroxide solution. Colour terms in inverted commas arefrom Ridgway's Color Standards and Color Nomenclature, 1912.

My thanks are due to Dr R. W. G. Dennis and Mr D. A. Reid fortheir continued advice and assistance.

INONOTUS KarstenSporophore annual, sessile, broadly attached, occasionally attenuated

towards the base, effuso-reflexed to ungulate, or constantly resupinate,solitary to densely imbricate. Pileus surface glabrous or subglabrous toadpressed-villose, hispid or tomentose; plane, nodulose, or rugose, some-times developing a cuticle; margin acute to obtuse. Context rusty brownto cinnamon brown, fibrous, soft and spongy when fresh, drying hard and

176 Transactions British Mycological Societybrittle. Pores round to angular, thin-walled. Tubes non-stratose, cylindricor with walls diverging towards the pores, often lacerate, drying brittleto form a layer quite distinct from the context. Spores globose, ovoid,ellipsoid, occasionally subcylindric, smooth, rarely apiculate, colourless insome species, but typically rusty brown. Basidia oblong to claviform;cystidia absent. Setae present, absent, or inconstant, ventricose, subulateto lanceolate, straight or curved, thick- or thin-walled. Setalhyphae presentor absent, generally thick-walled with little or no lumen, straight orcurved, simple, very rarely branched. Hyphal system monomitic, hyphaeof the context brown, ribbon-like, sparingly branched, lying essentiallyparallel, often semiagglutinated, septate, lacking clamp-connexions,thick- or thin-walled, always with a distinct lumen, 2-12j.t diam., rarelymore. Lignicolous. Distribution world-wide. Lectotype species: Poly-porus hispidus Bull. ex Fr. (selected by Donk, 1960) in preference to P.cuticularis Bull. ex Fr. selected by earlier authors who followed the obsolete'first species' rule.

The most striking features of the genus are the rusty brown colour andfibrous texture of the context. As in other xanthochroic polyp ores thecontext undergoes an irreversible colour change on contact with alkalisolution. The colour is generally paler in young or actively growingspecimens, particularly towards the upper surface and the margin, butit becomes darker and more uniform on drying, frequently producing asilky sheen. In fresh material the context is typically spongy and sometimesso saturated that the exudation of watery droplets is a distinctive featurefor the species, e.g, I. dryadeus (Pers. ex Fr.) Murr., I. hispidus (Bull. ex Fr. )Karst., I. plorans (Pat.) Bond. & Sing. The context of dried material isquite different, as it becomes much harder and eventually brittle and iscapable of being easily crushed.

The context is truly fibrous, the fibres radiating from a central basalarea. In such species as I. rheades (Pers.) Bond. & Sing. and I. dryophilus(Berk.) Murr., a rounded protuberance, upon which the sporophoreproper is formed, arises from the infected wood of the host. This protu-berance becomes a hard, granular, basal core which may provide thebulk of the context or remain relatively small. Apart from the core thecontext is usually homogeneous throughout, though very rarely, e.g, inI. ochroporus (Van der Bijl) Pegl., a markedly duplex structure develops, witha lower, hard, fibrous layer, and a paler upper spongy layer which formsa tomentose surface. Growth rate varies with the species and is oftendetermined by environmental conditions, so that concentric zoningdevelops both in the flesh and on the pileus surface. In other speciesgrowth is more uniform, zoning less conspicuous, and the mature specimenmay be coriaceous or even corky-woody in texture.

Setal hyphae are very characteristic structures of certain species, eitheroccurring both in the context and in the trama of the dissepiments,e.g. I. glomeratus (Peck) MUIT., or being confined to the dissepiments,e.g. I. patouillardii (Rick) Imaz. In I. cuticularis (Bull. ex Fr. ) Karst.abundant, branched, setigerous elements cover the pileus surface. Thepresence of setae in the hymenium generally provides a good confirmatory

Survey of Inonotus. D. N . Pegler 177

18

~4 . ~~~JJ14 d~ 12

&~Fig. I. Setae. I, Inonotus andersonii ; 2,1. chondromyelus; 3, 1. dryadeus ; 4, I. cuticularis;5, I.fulvomelleus ; 6,1. glomeratus; 7, I. hispidus ; 8,1. luteocontextus ; 9, 1. nothofagi ; 10,1.ochroporus; JI, 1. patouillardii; 12,1. obliquus; 13, I.pertenuis; 14,1. radiatus ; 15,1. radiatusvar. nodulosus ; 16,1. rickii; 17,1. rodwayi; 18, 1. victoriensis; all at x 1000. 19, Setigerouselements of 1. cuticularis, x 400.

178 Transactions British Mycological Society

19

~~~(ff;)

24

~. ~..., ....:. .\ :: ..."'-.. .-... .0~... (J'. T~ . )...l' . -' ..28

If.))~V~Q 31Q~

18

22

Fig. 2. Spores. I, fnonotus andersonii (type) ; 2, 1. chondromyelus (type); 3, 1. clemensiae(type); 4, 1. cuticularis; 5, f. dryadeus; 6, 1. dryophilus ; 7, L fuloomelleus (type); 8, f . glomera-tus (type ) ; g, 1. hispidus; 10, 1. jamaicensis (type) ; II , f .juniperinus (type) ; 12, f . ludo-uicianus; 13,1. mikadoi (type ); 14,1. nothofa gi ; 15, f. obliquus (type ); 16,1. ochroporus(type ) ; 17, f . patouillardii ; 18, f . pertenuis (type) ; Ig, 1. pirisporus (type); 2 0 , f . plorans(type ) ; 21,1. porrectus (type ) ; 22,1. pusillus (type) ; 23,1. radiatus; 24, f . rheades ; 25, f.rickii; 26, f . pseudohispidus ; 27, f. rodwayi (type ); 28, 1. tamaricis ; 2g, f . tenuicamis (type);30, f . subhispidus (type); 31, f. uictoriensis. All at x 1000.

Survey of Inonotus. D. N. Pegler 179character for many species, but in others, e.g. 1. hispidus, they are not aconstant feature and frequently fail to develop.

Although the sporophores are annual, they are often of short durationonly, but sometimes new pilei are produced at the same locus continuouslyover a number of years, e.g. 1. texanus Murr. and 1. radiatus var. licentiiPil,lt.

ARTIFICIAL KEY TO THE ACCEPTED SPECIES

I. Spores, particularly in the spore print, colourless or pale-coloured 2I . Spores distinctly coloured 102 (I) . R esupinate, or at the most nodulose; setal hyphae and setae present 32 . Pileate, setal hyphae absent 43 (2). On conifers; tubes only slightly oblique; setal hyphae in both context and

dissepiments up to 30001l10ng I. heinrichii (Pilat) Bond. & Sing. (1941)Basinym: Xanthochrous glomeratus (Peck) Pilat ssp. heinrichii Pilat (1932)Synonym: X. polymorphus (Rostk.) Bourd. & Galz. forma Bourdot (1932)Inseparable or detachable as small fragments from the substratum; marginmembranous, sterile. Pores 3-4-5 per mm.; tubes slightly oblique, 2- 10 rnm,long . Spores 5'5-6 x 4'5-51l, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid. Setae abundant,22-40-50 x 6-7-81l. Setal hyphae 2000-3000 x 6-10 Il , pointed, curvedand projecting into the tube lumen. On Abies, Larix, Picea, and Pinus.Siberia, Central Urals.

a . With nodulose, thicker pilei, 1-2 em. ; spores (?) ellipsoid, 4'5-5 x 2-3 /Lforma nodulosus Pilat (1935)

3. On deciduous hosts, particularly Fagus ; tubes distinctly oblique; setal hyphaeconfined to the dissepiments, up to 1751l10ng only

I. polymorphus (Rostk .) Pilat (1940a)Basinym: Polyporus polymorphus Rostk. (1838)Synonyms: X. radiatus ssp. X . polymorphus Bourd. & Galz. (1925)

P. salebrosus Lasch. apud Rabenh. Fung. Exsicc. Eur. 1606, 1873Firmly attached to the substratum, though perhaps reflexed at the margin,occasionally nodulose. Pores umbrinous, 3-4 per mm ., tubes oblique,0'3-1 '2 rom. long. Spores 4-6S x 3-S /L, broadly ellipsoid. Setae scattered,18-25 (-40) x 6---8/L, subulate ; setal hyphae straight or curved. On Fagus,reported on Ulmus. Europe.

4 (2). Setae absent. Sporophore imbricate at base of Eucalyptus sp.I. pirisporus Pegler (1964)

Imbricate with one large pileus and several smaller nodulose pilei. Pileus2'5-6'5 x 2-8 x 1'5-3 em., dimidiate, broadly attached to compound base,yellowish buff to 'Cinnamon-Brown', glabrous, soft; margin straight, even,white. Context ferruginous, fibrous, zonate. Pores cinnamon to darkumbrinous, angular, regular, 2-4(-5) per mm., tubes 2-7 mm. long.Spores abundant, 5-6'3 x 3'5-4'5 (5'5 x 4) u, piriform, subglobose toellipsoid, apiculate. Context hyphae slightly agglutinated, 4-141l, mostlyabout 9/L diam. Victoria, Australia.

4. Setae present 55 (4) Pileus with a well-differentiated crust 65. No distinct crust 86 (5). Granular core at base of context I. chondromyelus Pegler (1964)

Solitary or imbricate, sessile. Pileus 4'5-5 x 3-5 x 3-4'5 em" ungulate,triquetrous, 'Dresden Brown' to ferruginous, developing a hard crust,becoming rimose. Context up to 3 em. thick, with a granular core at the base,the remainder of the context is fibrous , ' Buckthorn Brown' to 'Tawny ', but

180 Transactions British Mycological Society'Ochraceous Buff' towards the upper surface. Pores irregular, 2-4 per mm.,torn; tubes 2-14 mm. long with a greyish tint. Spores few, 7'5-10 x5'5-7 (8'5 x 6) p, broadly ellipsoid, with thickened wall. Setae few, thick-walled, ventricose to subulate, 23-35 x 7-10(-16) u, Context hyphae withthickened wall, 4-10'5 p diam. On species of Eucalyptus. South Australia.

6. No granular core 77 (6). Spores globose to subglobose, 7-8'5 x 6'5-8 (7'5 x 6,8) u, Surface, particu-

larly at the margin, exuding brownish guttules1. dryadeus (Pers, ex Fr.) Murrill (1908a) var. dryadeus

Basinym: Boletus fomentarius * dryadeus Pers. (1779)Synonym: B. pseudoigniarius Bull. (1789)Dimidiate to applanate, single or imbricate, pale grey becoming dark brownbut often with a white pruina covering the entire sporophore. Pileus large,5-35 x 6-40(-60) x 2-8 cm., rugose to tuberculate, often pitted; marginobtuse. Context 1'5-4 em. thick, 'Sudan Brown', 'Antique Brown', drying'Brussels Brown' with a silky sheen. Pores 3-5 per mm., tubes 0'5-2(-3) em.long. Setae thick-walled, curved, with broad sub-bulbous base, 15-37 x7-13p. Context hyphae branched, septate, 3-gP diam. Mostly at base ofliving Quercus species, also recorded on Acer, Aesculus, Castanea, Fagus, Ulmus,and Tsuga. Temperate Northern hemisphere. Specimens examined.

a. Spores smaller, 4'4-5'6 x 3'6-5'2 p; Indiavar, brevisporus (Thind & Chatrath) comb.nov.

Basinym: Polyporus dryadeus Pers. ex Fr. var. breoisporus Thind & Chatrath, inIndian Phytopath. 13, 82, 1960

Margin fairly acute; pores 5-7 per mm. N.W. Himalayas. Type examined.7. Spores ellipsoid, 7'2-8'5 x 5-6'5 (8 x 6) p. No guttation; crust pale, wrinkled

I. victoriensis (Lloyd) comb.novBasinym: Polyporus victoriensis Lloyd, Mycol. Notes, 65, 1095, 192ILarge, solitary, 6'5-12'5 x 9-20 x 2'5-7'5 cm., light in weight, applanate tosubungulate, surface covered by a pale grey to 'Drab Gray' crust, up to700 p thick, much wrinkled, at least in dried material. Context the samethickness as the tube layer, 'Buckthorn Brown' to 'Ochraceous Tawny',hard, fibrous. Pores at first 'Tawny', finally black, large, 1-3(-4) per mm.;tubes 8-15 mm. long. Setae abundant, thick-walled, variable in shape,12-28 X 7-12p. Context hyphae loosely interwoven, much branched, 3-6 pdiam. On dead Eucalyptus stumps. South Australia. Type examined.

8 (5). Context fibrous, rusty brown. Pileus effuso-reflexed, often imbricate 98. Context chalky, creamy-white. Pileus thick, subungulate, surface orange.

Setae septate 1. luteocontextus Reid, in Keto Bull. 17, 274, 1963Dimidiate, 6 x 10 x 5'3 em.; margin rounded, sterile. Context up to 5 em.thick. Pores 2-4 per mm., cinnamon, covered by a yellowish pruina;tubes brittle, distinct from context, 2-4 mm. long. Spores 6'5-8 x 4-4'75(-5'5) p, ovoid to ellipsoid. Setae often lanceolate, undulate, with thin,transverse septa, 30-45 (-67) x 7-8 p. Context hyphae hyaline to paleyellowish brown, often constricted at the septa, much branched, 3-g'5 p,with a system of thin-walled conducting elements, up to 5 ft diam., containinggolden yellow sap. New South Wales, Australia. Could probably bereferred to a new genus. Type examined.

9 (8). Spores ovoid to ellipsoid, 4'5-7 x 3'5-4'5 (6 x 4'2) ft. Typically on Alnus.Pileus glabrous at maturity

I. radiatus (Sow. ex Fr.) Karst. (1881) var. radiatusBasinym: Boletus radiatus Sow., English Fungi, 2, t. 196, 1799Synonyms: Polyporus scrobiculatus Karst. (1882a)

P. radians Lloyd, Mycol. Notes, 69, 1186, 1923. nom. nud.

Survey of Inonotus. D. N. Pegler 181

var. resupinatus (Bourd. & Galz.) Donk (1933)(Sow.) Pat. var. resupinatus Bourd. & Galz.

P. aureonitens Pat. apud Peck, Rep. N.Y. St. Mus. 42, 2S, 1889; specimensexamined

P. plicatus Pers. (I 82S)P. minutus Vanine (1923)

Pileus I 'S-6 x 2--8x 0'3-2 em., at first bright orange-ochraceous, normallydarkening with maturity, hard, radiately rugose; margin thin, fertile.Context 0'2-1 em. thick, becoming tawny, soft and pliant when fresh,drying rigid. Pores 2-4(-S) per mm., glancing; tubes 0'3-1'0 em. long,ferruginous. Setae rare to abundant, fusiform to subventricose, pointedapex, often curved or deformed, 14-24(-4S) x 6-1 I (-14) u; Contexthyphae slightly agglutinated, branching rare, 3'S-8'S /h diam. On Alnus,but also recorded on many other hardwoods. Temperate Northern hemi-sphere. Specimens examined.

a. Effused, with scattered nodulose pilei. On Fagusvar. nodulosus (Fr.) Donk (1933)

Basinym: Polyporus nodulosus Fr. (1838)Synonyms: P. dentifer Velenovsky (1922)

P. armatus Vel. (1922)Pileus small, 0'S-I'S(-2) em. wide. Spores 4'4-S'7 x 2'9-4'4 (4'9 x 3'7) u,Setae thin- to thick-walled, fusoid, pointed, usually straight, 14'3-24'S x5'7-10'31". Almost entirely confined to dead and dying branches of Fagus,but also reported on Alnus, Betula and Carpinus. Type examined.

b. Totally resupinateBasinym: Xanthochrous radiatus

(192S)Synonyms: Polyporus fuscolutescens Fuckel (1870). Type examined

Poria setigera Peck, Rep. N.Y. St. Mus. 51, 293, 1898Up to 6--8 em. broad; margin often detached and normally sterile. Poresurface uneven, cinnamon to dark ferruginous. Setae straight or slightlycurved, IS-40X4S-9/h. Spores 4'S-6x3S-4SI". On dead and fallenbranches of Alnus. Specimens examined.

c. Pileus small, thin, smooth; sulphurine to olivaceousvar. licentii Pilat (1940b)

Surface not ridged. New pilei formed upon those of previous year. Sporesellipsoid, 4-S x 3-4'S ft. Setae IS-3S(-70) x 6-8/h. Common on leafy trees.Northern China, Mongolia. See addendum.

-d, Spores smaller, more globose, 4-4'S x 3'S-4/h; setae hookedvar. cephalanthi (Overh.) comb.nov.

Basinym: Polyporus radiatus Sow. ex Fr. var. cephalanthi Overh. (1938)Synonym: P. illinoisensis Baxter, in Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. 24, 180 (1939)Resupinate to nodulose. Pores 4-S per mm., tubes 1-3 mm. long. Sporessmall, 4-4'S x 3'S-4/h. Setae not abundant, 20-32 x 8-12 fl, many witha curved pointed apex. On branches of dead Cephalanthus. Probablyoccurs along entire Mississippi River Valley; recorded from Illinois,Louisiana, Michigan (U.S.A.).

e. Sporophore minute, smooth; margin projecting beyond pore-surfacevar. cucullatus (Berk & Curt.) comb.nov.

Basinym: Polyporus cucullatus Berk. & Curt., in Grevillea, I, SI, 1872Pileus O'S-I'S em. diam., ungulate, at times circular and attached at thevertex; surface soft, glabrescent, becoming hard and black. Pores 2-3(-4)per mm., tubes up to 4 mm. long. Spores 4'S-S'S x 3-4'S /h. Setae subulate,slightly curved, 17-2sx8S-I2/h. New England (U.S,A.); reported fromBrazil. Type examined.

182 Transactions British Mycological Societyf. Growing on Betula; sporophore small, with thin margin

forma subexcarnis (Bourd. & Galz.) comb.nov.Basinym: Xanthochrous radiatus (Sow.) Pat. forma subexcamis Bourd. & Galz.

(1925)Pileus 1-1'5 em. wide, radiately silky-fibrillose, not rugose. Spores 4-5 x3-4#. Setae few, fusoid, often curved, 12-16x4-5#. France, UralMountains.

g. Spores cylindric, apiculate, 5-6'5 x 2 #. Pileus surface tomentose1. sciurinus Imazeki (1943)

Pileus dimidiate, convex or applanate, 1-3'5 x 3-8 x 0'5-1'5 em., brown tofulvo-ferruginous, covered by a tomentose layer, up to 3 mm. thick, overa distinct subcrust. Context rigid and woody, ferruginous or fiavo-ferrugi-nous. Tubes concolorous with the context, up to 5 mm. long; pores 3-5 permm. Setae few, 15-22 x 5-7 #. On dead trunks of deciduous trees; re-corded on Acer. Japan.

10 (I). Setal hyphae present II10. Setal hyphae absent 18

II (10). Setae absent. Resupinate, pulvinate. Pruina over poresI. pruinosus Bond., in Notul. syst. Inst. cryptog. Bot. Kamarov Acad.Sci. U.R.S.S.

15,99, 1962Effused, 6-10 em. long, central region 5-15 mm. thick, colour subavel-laneus, with extensive pruina. Margin very thin, adhering to the bark.Context forming a very thin subiculum only. Pores angular, often elongate,2-3(-4) per mm.; tubes 4-15 mm. long. Spores abundant, (6'5-)7-8x(4-)4'5-6 #, attached to the tube wall, broadly ellipsoid to ovoid-globose,unilaterally flattened, golden yellow, with central oil guttule. Setal hyphaedark chestnut brown, 250-500 x 10-12 # or longer, pointed, not projectinginto the hymenium. On Salix. China.

II. Setae present 1212 (II). Sporophore entirely resupinate, without pilei. Lining tree cavities 1312. Sporophore pileate, or at least nodulose 1413 (12). On Quercus. Pores 0'08-0'12 mm. diam. Spores 65-8-g x 5'5-7 #

I. niduspici Pilat (1942)Synonym: Poria obliqua (Pers.) Fr. forma' sur chine' (haec solum) Bourd. &

Galz. (1925)Lining trunk cavities, but only fertile in the upper concave region, the restforming a sterile mycelial covering. Context as a thin subiculum only, ofwaxy-mucilaginous consistency, sometimes not formed at all. Pore surfaceyellowish green then olivaceous, finally dark brown when dry. Pores regular,round, 80-120# diam., tubes appearing zoned in section, up to 15 zones,1-2 em. long. Spores large, abundant, subglobose to broadly ovoid, palebrown, sulphurine in mass. Setae few, thick-walled, narrow lumen, 20-25 x8 #, conical fusiform. Setal hyphae forming up to 50 % of the trama, 150-200 X 9-14#, pointed, sometimes curved and entering the tube lumen.Occurs in cavities, probably caused by woodpeckers, of living or moribundQuercus species. Czechoslovakia, France.

On Populus. Pores 0'15-0'4 mm. diam. Spores 4-7'5 x 3"7-5-6 (5'9 x 4'9) #I. iliensis Kravts. (1950)

Sporophore curved, lining trunk-cavities, 10-55 em. broad, 1-5 em. thick,tube layer between broad sterile margins. Context a thin subiculum only,500-1200 #, containing abundant setal hyphae, 80-120 x 8-10 #, sometimesellipso-infiated up to 15-25# diam, Pores angular, 3-4 per mm.; tubesalways oblique, 0'5-5(-8) em. long, dissepiments containing abundant setal

Survey of Inonotus. D. N. Peglerhyphae, 90-I80 x 8-13 JL, at times projecting into the tube lumen. Sporesabundant, yellowish, ovoid to ellipsoid, unilaterally flattened. Setae few,fusoid, 20-40 x 2-4 JL. Upper sterile margin, I-20 em. broad, tobacco-brown,with setal hyphae forming a circular zone (' linea nigra'), lOo-S00 JL thick.Lower sterile margin up to 25cm. wide with 1-2 weak ' lineae nigrae'. Kazakh-stan (U .S.S.R.).

14 (12). Sporophore of irregular imbricate lobes or nodules 1514. Sporophore applanate, usually single, rarely imbricate 1715 (14). Mostly nodulose, without well-developed pilei. Setal hyphae in both

context and dissepimentsI . glomeratus (Peck) Murrill, in Mycologia, 12, 18, 1920

Basinym: Polyporus glomeratus Peck, Rep. N r . St. Mus. 24, 78, 1873.Effuso-reflexed or nodulos e, very occasionally resupinate, ' O range Buff' to' Sudan Brown', glabrescent, forming a thin black crust, radiately striate.Context 'Tawny ' to 'Antique Brown ', hard, rigid , corky. Pores variable,irregular, 3-S per mm., dentate; tubes 0'2-1'0 cm.long. Spores 5-6.8 x 4-5(S8 x 4'S) It, shortly ellipsoid, sulphur yellow. Setae rare, subulate or ventri-cose, sometimes constricted, 15-25 x 6-8 It. Setal hyphae very thick-walled,often ellipso-inflated distally, at times divergent and entering the hymenium,170-330 X 10-20 It . Context hyphae somewhat agglutinated, 4-7'5 JL diam,On dead wood of deciduous trees, particularly Acer and Fagus. NorthAmerica, Brazil (?). Type examined.

15. Sporophore of imbricate irr egular pilei 16

16 (15) . Ptychogastroid, with dark brown context I. rickii (Pat.) Reid (19S7)Basinym : Xanthochrous rickii Pat. (1908)Synonyms: Ptychogaster cubensis Pat. (1896) nom. anam. Type examined

Ceriomyces stuckertiiSpeg., in An. Soc. dent. Argent. 47, 265, 1899. nom. anam.Type examined

Pilei may be applanate and imbricate or ungulate, surface at first rough andhispid, glabrescent. Context' Buckthorn Brown ' to ' Clay Color', but oftenwith dark umbrinous ar eas as a result of chlamydospore production , markedconcentric zonation, very fibrous. Pores large, irr egular, 1- 3 per mm .; tubesdistin ct from cont ext , 0'3- 2'3 em. long. Basidiospores 6'S-8 x 4'5-6 (7 x S) JL,subglobose to bro adl y ellipsoid, ochraceous to rufous. Chlamydosporesproduced throughout context eith er simultaneously with basidi ospores orexclusively, large, often doliform or irregular, 7-1 7'5(-35 ) JL diam., forminga powd ery layer over the pileus surface. Setae subulate, 17'5-25 x 7- 1I ' S it .Setal hyph ae in dissepiments only , cylindrical with pointed tips, 190-300 x95- 14 Jl. On trunks and br anches of many deciduous tre es. TropicalAmerica. Specimens examined.

16. Not pty chogastroid, with bright fulvo-ferruginous context I. rodwayi Reid (19.17)Forming large imbricate masses of highly irregular pilei, IS x I I X 1I cm.,surface pitted and roughened, somewhat radiately-rugose, with a brittlecuticle on maturity. Context thick, 'Snuff Brown ' to bright fulvo-ferrugi-nous. Pores larg e, 2-3 per mm. , irregular ; tubes 2-10 mm . long . Sporesabundant, 6-g'S x 4S-6S (8'3 x 6) JL, ochraceous-fulvous to sulphurine.Seta e fusoid to lanceolate, 10-26 x 6- 9 JL. Setal hyphae in dissepim ents onlydiverging and entering hymenium, 140-450 X I 1-15(- 20) JL. On speciesof Ficus. Australia. T ype examined.

17 (14) . Context duplex, with punky upper layer ; setal hyphae in upper layerI. ochroporus (Van der Bijl) comb.nov.

Basinym: Polyporus ochroporus van der Bijl, in S. Afr. ] . Sci. 18, 269, 1922Pileus applanate, attenuated toward the base, 4-16 x 4-17 x 0'5-2 '5 em.,surface 'Ochraceous Tawny' to ' Pale Ochraceous Buff', soft and spongy,

Transactions British Mycological Societybut eventually becoming worn away to leave a hard, glabrous, umbrinoussurface. Context with pale upper and lower layers, hard, fibrous , fulvo-ferruginous, with a silky sheen. Pores angular, often confluent, tubes 1-8 mm.long. Spores abundant, 6- 9 x 5-7 (7'7 x 6) fl., subglobose to broadly ellip-soid, ochraceous. Seta e few, ventricose, 19-30 x 6-8'5 fl.. Setal hyphae indissepiments and in the upper context where they form stratified layers,corresponding to growth zones, 150-30 x 11'5-17 fl.. On dead and dyingtrunks of Salix and Ficus. South Africa, West Pakistan. Type examined.

17. Context not duplex; pileus thin, smooth or radiate1y rugos e1. patouillardii (R ick) Imazeki var. patouillardii (1943)

Basinym: Polystictus patouillardii Rick (1907)Pileus convex, thickened towards the base, 5-14 x 5-20 x r -5-3 em. Contextfibrous, with a bright satiny lustre. Pores 3-S per mm., becoming lacerate;tubes 0'2-!'O em. long. Spores abundant, 4'S-6(-7) x 3'S-S (5"S x 4'3) fl.,ellipsoid, chrome yellow to rufous. Setae few, ventricose, IS-21 x S5-8SfI..Setal hyphae in dissepiments only, inflated distally, 170-240 x 10-16 fl..Context hyphae tightly interwoven, rarely branched, 4S-8S,u diam. Ontrunks of living hardwoods ; probably throughout the southern tropics.Specimens examined.

a. Spores larger, 7'5-8 x 5-6S (7,8 x 6 ),u. Pileus smoothvar. congoensis (Pat . & Hcim) comb.nov.

Basinym: Xanthochrous patouillardii (Rick) var, congoensis Pat. & Heim, inAnn. Cryptog. exot. 6, 144, !933

Pileus surface lacking pliciform veins. Pores 3-4 per mm., walls entire.Setal hyphae up to 250 x [2-14/(, pointed, with a distinct lumen. Contexthyphae 3-7 fI. diam. Conidiospores, also produced from hyaline hyphaelining the hymenial surface, 5-8 If diam, On living tr ees. Congo, Uganda,Annabon Is. Specimens examined.

18 (10). Setae present 1918. Setae absent 25

19 (18) . Sporophore effuso-reflexed to dimidiate 2019. Sporophore resupinate, without pilei , or at the most nodulose. Mostly on

Quercus 24

20 (19). Pileus with obtuse margin 2120. Pileus with acute margin 22

21 (20). Context thicker than tube layer. Hispid pileus surfaceI. hispidus (Bull. ex Fr.) Karst. var. & forma hispidus (1879)

Basinym: Boletus hispidus Bull. ([ 784)Synonyms: B. hirsutus Scop. (1772)

B. spongiosus Light. (1777)B. oillosus Huds. (1778)B. velutinus With. (1796)Bifiauus Pollini (1824)Polyporus endocrocinus Berk . (1847). Type examinedP. hausmanni Fr. (1874)P. tinctorius Quel. (188 I)Inonotus bankeri Lloyd (1910, as McGinty)

Pileus large, 4-2S x 6-3S X 2-10 em. , solitary or imbricate, fleshy and waterywhen fresh, triquetrous in section. Surface covered by a thick ve1utinatetomentum, which dries to become strongly hispid and brittle, finally

forma quercus (Bourd. & Galz.) comb.nov.hispidus (Bull.) Pat. forma quercus Bourd. & Galz.

forma salicum (Bourd. & Galz.) comb.nov.(Bull.) Pat. forma salicum Bourd. & Galz.

Survey of Inonotus. D. N. Peglerglabrescent; orange-rust becoming black. Pore surface convex, brightrust colour, pores 2-3 per mm., irregular, lacerate; tubes up to 4 em. long.Spores abundant, large, 8'3-11 x 7-9 (g6 x 8) 1", thick-walled, ochraceous.Setae typically present, but often absent, 15-25(-30) x 6-1 II". Contexthyphae not agglutinated, 4-12'51" diam. On a wide variety of livingdeciduous trees. Temperate and subtropical zones of Northern hemisphere.Specimens examined.

a. On QuercusBasinym: Xanthochrous

(1925)Smaller, 4-6 em., harder, less yellow and brighter brown; setae absent;spores 7-9-12 x 7-91". France.

b. On SalixBasinym: Xanthochrous hispidus

(1925)At first yellow; context slightly fibrous, soft, brittle, lemon coloured, be-coming mottled with yellow and rusty brown, finally cinnamon-tawny; spores6-12 x 4-91". France.

c. Subresupinate, 3-4 em. thick var. minor (Rick apud Rambo) comb.nov.Basinym: Polyporus hispidus (Bull.) Fr. var. minorRick apud Rambo (lg60)Upper surface golden yellow, not hirsute though becoming so at length.On living Rosaceae. Brazil.

21. Context less thick than tube layer I.fulvomelleus Murrill (lg08a)Pileus applanate, often becoming ungulate, 1'5-5 x 3-10 x 1-3 crn., broadlyattached, covered by coarse hispid hairs, never becoming black or brittle.Context ochraceous to 'Buckthorn Brown'. Pores small, 4-7 per mm.Spores 6-7'5 x 4-4.8 (6'5 x 4'4) 1",ellipsoid to short cylindric, lateral apiculus,ochraceous to rufous. Setae abundant, lanceolate, often hooked, 30-55 x7'5-12'5 p,. Context hyphae loosely interwoven, 3-7 p, diam. Jamaica. Ondead wood. Type examined.

22 (20). Pileus surface covered with numerous, branched, setigerous elementsI. cuticularis (Bull. ex Fr.) Karst. (1879)

Basinym: Boletuscuticularis Bull. (I 789)Synonyms: Xanthochrous fuscovelutinus Pat. (lg08)

Polyporus munzii Lloyd, Mycol. Notes, 67, 1163, Ig22. Type examinedI. schinii Brown (I 930). Type examined

Sporophore generally densely imbricate. Pileus applanate, attenuatedtoward the base, 3-14 x 3-20 x 0'5-2'5(-4) cm., fulvo-ferruginous becomingumbrinous. No crust, but surface covered with setigerous elements, up to150P, long, with lateral and terminal branches, which themselves mayshow bifurcate branching, thick-walled but with a continuous lumen.Context typically thin, though up to 3 em. in some specimens. Pores roundto angular, 2-5(-6) per mm., glancing; tubes 0'3-2'0 em. long. Sporesabundant, 5'5-7'6(-8) x 4-6 (7 x 4,8) p" ellipsoid. Setae rare to abundant,occasionally absent, never thick-walled, 15-25(-50) x 3'5-8'5 u, On deadwood of deciduous trees. Mainly confined to the North Temperate zone.Specimens examined. Polyporus munzii and I. schinii are only thick formswith very rare setae.

22. No setigerous elements on the pileus surface

12 MyC.47

186 Transactions British Mycological Society23 (22). Pileus very thin with acute margin; tube length not exceeding 2 mm.

I, pertenuis Murrill (1908 a)Sporophore imbricate, Pileus small, 2-3 x 4-6 x 0'1-0'3 em" with broaddecurrent attachment; margin often fimbriate. Context very thin. Poresurface uneven, ferruginous to umbrinous. Pores round, S-7(-8) per mm .,tubes 1-2 rom, long. Spores 4'8-6'S x 3'S-4'S (S x 3,8) It , ellipsoid, fulvous,Setae large, thick-walled, ventricose, 2S-4S x 7'S-16'Sit' Context hyphaetightly interwoven, 3'S-6'SIt diam, On decayed wood. Cuba, Panama,Type examined.

23, Pileus thicker. Pores 2-S per rom. I. nothofagi G. H. Cunn. (1948)Sporophore sessile to substipitate, often imbricate, occasionally resupinate,Pileus I'S-3 x I'S-3 x 0'2-1 crn., narrow basal attachment, surface ferru-ginous becoming umbrinous, glabrous, polished with age, cuticle present,appearing as a black line in section, radiately plicate. Pores irregular,soon lacerate; tubes 2-7 mm. long, Spores abundant, 4'S-6'3 x 3'4-4'7(5"3x 4) It, ellipsoid, fulvo-ferruginous. Setae numerous, ventricose orsubulate, 16-40 x 7-8'SIt, Context hyphae tightly interwoven, 4'S-71t diam.On living deciduous trees, New Zealand, India.

Specimens collected in India differ by their larger spores, S'8-7'S x 4'5-5'5(6:7 x 5) It. Specimens examined.

24 (19). Pores large, 0'5-1'5 mm, diam, dentate-irpiciform, rusty yellow. Sporessuiph urine I. andersonii (Ellis & Everh.) Cerny (1963)

Basinym: Mucronoporus andersonii Ellis & Everh., in]. Mycol. 6, 79, 1890Synonyms: Polyporus (Poria) xanthosporus Underw, (1894)' Type examined

I. leei Murr. (19 ISa). Type examinedP. hispidus (Bull.) Fr . resupinate Burt (1931)Xanthochrous obliquus sensu Bourdot (1932)X. krauitzeuni Pihh (1932)Corticiumpactolinum Cooke & Harkness (1881), Type examined

Resupinate or slightly nodulose, usually developing beneath outer layers ofwood, sometimes entirely concealed by bark, fulvous to ferruginous butoften appearing ochraceous or sulphurine owing to spore deposition.Context as thin subiculum only. Pores 1-2-3 per mm. ; tubes almost alwaysoblique, 0'5-3'5 em, long. Spores abundant,6's-8'S x 5-55-6S (7'S x 5'5) It,ellipsoid to subglobose, Setae abundant, sometimes constricted, 15-So(-40) x 6-10 It. On living and dead wood, particularly of Quercus, but alsorecorded on Populus and Carya. Eastern Europe, Asia, North America.Type examined.

Pores small, strongly oblique, O'I-O'S mm. diam. dark ferruginous. Sporespale brown I. obliquus (Pers.) Pilat (1942)

Basinym: Boletusobliquus Pers. (180I)Synonyms: Polyporus incrustans Pers, (1825)

P. umbrinus Pers. (182S)Resupinate, forming effused layer under the bark or outer wood layers. Con-text as a subiculum only, dark ferruginous. Pore surface pallid, ochraceous-brown to black, pores 3-4 per rnm.; tubes 2-20 mm . long, oblique, at anangle of 2-SOo with the context. Spores 7'5-10 x S-7 'S (8'5 x 6) It, sub-globose to broadly ellipsoid, Setae numerous, variable, 15-S5(-60) x5- ISIt. On living wood of deciduous trees, particularly Betula, Ulmus, andFagus. World-wide. Type examined.

25 (18). Sporophore pileate

Survey of Inonotus. D. N. PeglerSporophore resupinate, or at the most nodulose. Under bark of Betula

I. pseudoobliquus (Pilat) Pilat (1942)Basinym: Xanthochrous pseudoobliquus Pilat (1935)Tube layer very oblique and irregularly developed; context not more than1 mm. thick, coriaceous. Pore surface covered by a white pruina, pores ofnodules angular, o'3-{)'4 mm. diam.; tubes up to 8 rnm, long. Spores8-10 x 4-6 #, ellipsoid, unilaterally flattened. Context hyphae thick-walled, rarely branched, 3-3'5(-4) JL diam, Siberia.

26 (25). Granular core at base of context26. No granular core

27 (26). Spores with a distinctly thickened hyaline or yellowish wall27. Spores with a thin, brown wall

28 (27). Pileus surface becoming black and brittle on drying or with age. OnTamarix. Mediterranean species I. tamaricis (Pat.) Maire (1937)

Basinym: Xanthochrous tamaricis Pat. (1904)Synonym: X. rheades (Pers.) Pat. ssp. tamaricis Bourd. & Galz . (1928)Pileus convex to hemispherical, 4-9 x 3'5-8 x 2-5 cm., yellowish brownbecoming much darker at maturity, surface strongly hispid, glabrescent,margin paler. Context distinctly zonate, with alternating light and darkbands, fibrous, with a basal granular core. Pores round, becoming lacerate,1-2(-3) per rnm.; tubes 0'5-2'5 em. long. Spores 7'2-g'5 x 5-7 (8'5 x 6) JL,ovoid to ellipsoid, rusty brown to umbrinous. Context hyphae rarelybranched, frequent septa, 4-9'5# diam, On trunks of living Tamarix.Southern Europe, North Africa. Specimens examined.

28. Pileus surface glabrescent but otherwise unchanged on drying or with ageI. pseudohispidus Kravts, (1950)

Sporophores in groups. Pileus 7-30 x 12-70 x 7-20 cm., applanate toungulate, surface at first hispid, glabrescent, cinnamon brown to brownbistre; margin obtuse, paler. Context up to II em. thick at the base,fibrous, with a silky sheen, and a large basal, granular core. Pores round toangular, 1-2 (-4) per mm.; tubes 1'5-8'5 em. long. Spores abundant, 6'5-9'5 x 4,8-7 (8'2 x 5'7) JL,ellipsoid. Context hyphae agglutinated.a-uo JL diam,Mostly on Populus; also Acer and Fraxinus. Kazakhstan (U.S.S.R.). Speci-mens examined.

Basinym: Polyporus dryophilus Berk. (1847)Synonyms: P. corruscans Fr. (1852)

Xanthochrous rheades (Pers.) Pat. ssp. corruscans Bourd. & Galz. (1928)I. levis Karst., in Hedwigia, 26, 112, 1887, teste Lowe (1956)

Pileus hemispherical to ungulate, often imbricate, 3-13 x 4-22 x 2-12 em.,triquetrous in section, 'Straw Yellow' to umbrinous, surface hispid, glab-rescent, with narrow concentric zonations. Context same thickness as thetube layer or thicker, many specimens exceeding 10 cm., the globose,granular core forming the greater proportion of the total volume. Poresregular, 2-3 per mm.; tubes 0'3-3'0 em. long. Spores ellipsoid to ovoid.Context hyphae loosely interwoven, 3'5-8'5JL diam, Typically on Quercus,also recorded on Acer, Fagus, Prunus, and Schinus. North America, U.S.S.R.,Sweden, and (rarely recorded) France and Germany. Specimens examined.

29 (27) On Quercus. Spores 7-8.8 x 5-6'5 (8'2 x 5'5) JLI. dryophilus (Berk.) Murrill (1904)

188 Transactions British Mycological Society29 On Populus. Spores S-7 x 3S-48 (6'2 x 4'2) #

1. rheades (Pers.) Bond. & Sing. (1941) var, rheadesBasinym: Polyporus rheades Pers. (182S)Synonyms: Polystictus vulpinus Fr. (18S3)

I. hisingeri Karst. (1882a)P. inonotus Sacco (1888)P. dryophilus Berk. var. uulpinus (Fr.) Overh. (1933)P. fuluus Fr. (1838)P.jriesii Bres. (190S)P. perplexus Peck, in Rep. N.T. St. Mus. 49, 19, 1896

Pileus hemispherical to ungulate, usually imbricate, 2-S X 3-10 x 1-3'S em.,triquetrous in section, 'Cartridge Buff' becoming umbrinous, surfacewoolly strigose to shiny velutinate. Context with a granular core which maybe small, rest of the context fibrous, paler towards the upper surface. Poresirregular, 2-3(-4) per mm., dentate; tubes 0'2-1 em. long. Spores abundant,ferruginous. Context hyphae 3-9'S(- I I) # diam. On living species ofPopulus, recorded also on Fagus. Temperate Northern hemisphere. Specimensexamined.

a. Total absence of hyphae with thickened, dark wallsvar. cognatus (Bres.) comb.nov.

Basinym: Polyporus rheades Pers. var. cognatus Bres., in Ann. mycol., Bert. 18,34, 1920

Hispid tomentum, glabrescent; pores 4-S per mm., hoary-white; tubes 6-8 mm. long; spores subglobose, 4'7S-6 x 4-S #. Context hyphae yellowish,thin-walled, 3-7 # diam. Argentine.

30 (26). Spores 7'S# or more long30. Spores not exceeding 7 #

3135

33

31 (30). Sporophore strongly rimose, with well-developed crust, very thin contextI. texanus Murrill (lg04)

Dimidiate, new sporophore growing from the sporophore of the previousyear, 2'S-7 x 4-9'S x I'S-5 em., strongly convex to ungulate, avellaneusgrey, becoming fulvous, finally blackish, glabrescent, radially and con-centrically rimose. Context 2-4(-8) mm. thick. Pores irregular, 2-3 per mm.;tubes o-5-3'Sem. long. Spores 7-10 x S-7 #, ovoid to ellipsoid, chestnutbrown.Growing on Prosopis, Morus, and Salix. Known only from Arizona andTexas (U.S.A.).

31. Sporophore not rimose

32 (31). Sporophore consisting of imbricate pilei, dark chestnut brownI. clemensiae Murrill (Ig08)

Large, with several imbricate lobes. Pileus 5-7 x lO-lS x 1-1'S em., dimi-diate, rigid, fragile when dry, light in weight; surface short tomentose,powdery on drying. Context up to I em. thick, 'Argus Brown' to 'RawUmber', soft, fibrous. Pore surface plane to concave, 'Brussels Brown';pores 2-3 per mm.; tubes 3-S mm. long. Spores few, 6-8 x 4'S-6'3 (7 x S) #,broadly ellipsoid, pale to deep ferruginous. Context hyphae slightlyagglutinated, ferruginous to deep umbrinous, very wide lumen, 4'5-17'S#,mostly about 8 # diam. On dead wood. Philippines. Type examined.

32. Sporophore typically solitary, very thick

33 (32). Pileus surface hispid, turning black and brittle on drying, or with age1. hispidus (Bull. ex Fr.) Karst, see above, p. 184

Survey of Inonotus. D. N. Pegler33. Pileus surface tomentose, glabrescen t, remaining un changed on drying, or

with age 34

34 (33) . Context rigid, dark, permeated throughout by white flecks1. subhispidus Pegler & R eid (Pegler, 1964)

Synonyms : Polyporus subhispidus Lloyd, Mycol. Notes, 73, [330, [924. nomennon rite publicatum

I. tamaricis (Pat.) M aire forma comeus Bondartseva (r956)Solitary, applanate to un gulate, 4-9 x 6-[4 x 3-3'5 em. , narrowed at thebase, ' H azel' to ' Fe rruginous' with a coarse hispid tom entum, glabrescent ;m argin obtuse. Context up to 1'5 em. th ick, 'Chestnut-Brown', permeatedthroughout by wh itish flecks, hard, with a silky sheen . Pores large, 2-3 permm., umbrinous, lacerate ; tubes I - 3 em. long. Spores abundant, 7-8.8 x5-6'5(8'2 x 5'7 ) fl, thi ck-wall ed . Context hyphae loosely interwoven,3'5-8 fl diam. O n livin g Tamarix species. India , Paki stan, K ara-Kalpak(U. S.S.R .). T ype examined.

34. Context friable, ferruginous to yellowish citrineI. plorans (Pat. ) Bond. & Sing. (1941)

Basin ym : Xanthochrous plorans Pat., in Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 20, 52, [904Pileus solitary, large, 10-50 em. broad, convex to hemisph erical, uniformly'Ferruginous' or slightly pal er towards the margin, surface soft, spongy,roughened tom entose toward th e base, silky pubescent a t th e margin. Con-text 5-8 em. thick, 'Ferruginous', ' Cinnamon Rufous', ' Yellowish Citrine',fibrous, very brittle with a slight silky sheen. Pores fulvo-ferruginous,2- 3(- 4) per mm., a t first round, becoming fimbriate-lacerat e ; tubes 2-8 em.long. Spores abundant, 8- [ [ x 6- 8'5 ( [ 0 x 7' 5) It , broadly ellipsoid, ochra-ceous to fulvo-ferruginous, thi ck-walled . Context hyphae firml y aggluti-nated, 3-7'5 It diam. On trunks of Populus and Salix. Algeria. Typeexamined .

35 (30) . Minute species, not exceeding 2 mm. diam., growing from lenticelsI. pusillus Murrill (1904)

Synonym : Polyporus pygmaeus Lloyd (19 [5, as M cGinty)Nodulose, eru mpent from lenticels in large numbers, 2 x 2 X 0'5- 1 mm.,surface soft, fibrillo se, zona te ; margin sterile, ac ute. Context very thin,200- 2 50 fL. Pores few, 4- 6 per mm., cinnamon to fulvou s; tubes much longerthan context. Spores abundant, 4'5-6 x 3'2-4 (5'2 x 3'5 ) It . Context hyphae3- 7 fl diam . On dead br anch es of ]acquinia. M exico. T ype exa min ed .

35. M uch larger, d istinctly pilea te

36 (35). Pores 4-6 per mm. Pileus f1abelliform36. Pores 2 -4 per mm.

37 (36). Context bright ochraceous-tawny , Pileus surface multizonate. Pores5-6(- 7) per mm. 1. porrectus Murrill (1915b)

Usually imbricate. Pileus 4-8 x 4-10 x 0' 5-1 '5 cm., streaked with orange-rufous , pa llid toward th e margin, finall y black, radiately rugose at the centre.Context ' O chraceous T awny', with a silky sheen. Pores small, 5-6(-7) permm.: tubes up to 4 mm. long, but very shallow towards the margin. Spores5- 7 x 4- 5 (6 x 4'4) fl, sub globo se to ellipsoid . Context hyphae loosely inter-woven , 2'5- 8 fL diam. O n dead and decaying deciduous trees. CaicosIslands (Bahamas), Louisiana (U .S.A.) . Type examined.

37. Context cinnamon brown . Pileus surface azonate. Pores 4-5 per mm.1. tenuicarnis Pegler & R eid (Pegler , 1964)

Small, flabelliform, 2-3'5 x 2'5-3'5 x 0' 3-0.6 cm., convex, thin, ferru-ginous to dark umbrinous, glabrous, smooth to scrupose, developing a crust

190 Transactions British Mycological Societyat maturity. Context very thin, cinnamon brown with a silky sheen, hard,fibrous. Pores ferruginous to umbrinous, glancing, 4-5 per rnrn., angular,dentate; tubes 2-4 mm.long. Spores abundant, 48-6 x 3'5-4'3 (5'5 x 3,8) p,ellipsoid to oblong-ellipsoid. Context hyphae tightly interwoven, 3-7'5 pdiam. On living Castanea species. India.

39

38 (36). Pore surface and tubes oblique, appearing black and brittle, at least indried material I. juniperinus Murrill (1908a)

Pileus dimidiate to flabelliform, 3-7 x 3-4 x 0'4-2 cm., fulvo-ferruginous,becoming umbrinous with black markings, glabrescent; margin acute,broadly sterile. Context 5-7 mm. thick, fibrous, fragile when dry. Poresdark umbrinous to black, irregular, 3-4(-5) per mm., dentate-fimbriate;tubes oblique, 0'1-1 em. long. Spores 5-6'5(-7'4) x 3'8-5 '3 (5'7 x 4'7) P,subglobose to ellipsoid , smoky-brown. Context hyphae slightly agglutinated,4-gp diam. On roots of Juniperus. Texas (U.S.A.). Type examined.

38. Not so

39 (38). Sporophore broadly attached, sometimes with confluent pileiI. jamaicensis Murrill (1904)

Sporophore effuso-reflexed to dimidiate, sometimes confluent for up to12 em. Pileus 2-4 x 3-7 x 1-2'5 em., subungulate, tawny, finally black;surface hard, brittle, encrusted, and rugose. Context very thin; poresangular, 3-4(-5) per mm., lacerate; tubes up to 2'5 em. long. Spores5-7 x 4-4.8 (6'2 x 4'5) p . Context hyphae 3-7 p diam. On dead anddecaying deciduous trees, including Phylica. Jamaica, Tristan da Cunha.Type examined.

39 . Sporophore with small basal attachment; thin

40 (39). Sporophore large, spathulate to substipitate, forming rosette-like clustersat the base of host I. ludouicianus (Pat.) Murrill var.ludo vicianus (1915C)

Basinym: Xanthochrous ludovicianus Pat. (1908)Imbricate masses may exceed 50 em. diam. Pileus 10-30 x 10-30 x 1-2'5 em.with a decurrent hymenophore; surface ochraceous orange to ferruginous,paler at the margin, hard, scrupose, radiately rugose; margin thin , sinuous,incised. Context 0'2-2 em. thick, ochraceous tawny to 'Dresden Brown'.Pores cinnamon brown to chestnut brown, irregular, (2-)3-4 per mm.,tubes up to I em. long. Spores 5-6'3(-7) x 3'5-4(-4'5)(6 x 3,8) p, ellipsoidto oblong-ellipsoid. Typically on @ercus; also on Liquidambar and Nyssa.S.E. States of North America. Specimens examined.

a. Concentrically banded with umbrinous and melleous zonesvar. melleus Murrill (1939)

Pileus finely hispid-tomentose, slightly sulcate, melleous, with concentricbanding c. 1 em. broad. On Quercus. Florida (U.S.A.).

40. Small, subungulate, with a strongly curved marginI. mikadoi (Lloyd) Bond. (1953)

Basinym: POlypoTUS mikadoi Lloyd (1912)Small, dimidiate to sub ungulate, 1'5-2'5 x 2-4 x 0'5-1 cm., 'Sudan Brown'to 'Mars Brown', radiately strigose; margin acute, curved downwards.Context up to 2 rom. thick , firm, fibrous. Pores concave, 2-3 per mm.;tubes 1'5-7 mm. long, dissepiments thick. Spores abundant, 4'5 -5'7 x3'5-4'2 (5 x 3,8) u; Context hyphae 4-7'5 p diam. On living Prunus species.Japan. Type examined.

Survey of Inonotus. D. N. PeglerEXCLUDED SPECIES

(All Inonotus except aduncus)abietis (Karst.) Pilat (1940b) = Phellinus pini (Thore ex Fr.) Pilat var. abietis (Karst.)

Pilataduncus (Polyporus) Lloyd (1915), type examined = Phaeolus schioeinitzii (Fr.) Pat.amplectens Murrill (1904), type examined = Polyporusfruticum Berk. & Curt.chinensis Pilat (1940 b) = Phellinus chinensis (Pilat) Pilatcichoriaceus (Berk.) G. H. Cunn. (1948) = Cyclomyces cichoriaceus (Berk.) Pat.corrosus Murrill (1904)' Excluded from Inonotus because the minute pores and spores

and the decidedly duplex structure of the context are all atypical of the genuscroceus (Pers.) Karst. (1882 b) = Hapalopilus croceus (Pers. ex Fr.) Donkdemidoffii (Lev.) Pilat (1937) = Phellinus demidoffii (Lev.) Bond. & Sing.elmerianus Murrill (1907), type examined = Cyclomyces tabacinus (Mont.) Pat.fibrillosus Karst. (1889) = Pycnoporellus fibrillosus (Karst.) Murrillfruticum (Berk. & Curt.) Murrill (1904), type examined, excluded for the same reasons

as I. corrosus Murrillherbergii (Rostk.) Karst. (1886) = Phaeolus schuieinitzii (Fr.) Pat. forma spongia (Fr.)

Konr. & Maub!. teste Lowe (1956)hypococcinus (Berk.) Karst. (1879) = Hapalopilus croceus (Pers. ex Fr.) Dankinermis (Ellis & Everh.) Pilat (1942), type examined = Fuscoporia inermis (Ellis &

Everh.) G. H. Cunn.iodinus (Mont.) G. H. Cunn. (1948) = Cyclomyces iodinus (Mont.) Pat.kanehirae (Yasuda) Imaz. apud Sawada (1959), type examined = Cryptoderma kanehirae

(Yasuda) Imaz.lamaoensis (Murr.) Pilat (1942) = Phellinus lamaoensis (Murr.) Heim apud Pascaletleporinus (Fr.) Karst. (1882b), type examined = Polystictus circinatus (Fr.) Karst. var.

triqueter (Secr.) Bres.leprosus (Fr.) Murrill (1915b) = Hexagona leprosa Fr.nidulans (Fr.) Karst. (1889) = Hapalopilus nidulans (Fr.) Karst.pini (Fr. ex Brot.) Maire (1937) = Phellinus pini (Thore ex Fr.) Pilatribis (Schum.) Maire (1937) = P. ribis (Schum. ex Fr.) Quel,setiporus (Berk.) G. H. Cunn. (1950) = Cyclomyces setiporus (Berk.) Pat.spongia (Fr.) Karst. (1889) = Phaeolus schuieinitzii (Fr.) Pat. formaspongia (Fr.) Konr. &

Maub!. teste Lowe (1956)tabacinus (Mont.) Karst. (1881) = Cyclomyces tabacinus (Mont.) Pat.triqueter Karst. (1889) = Polystictus circinatus (Fr.) Karst. var. triqueter (Secr.) Bres.triqueter var. purpurescens Karst. (1889) = Leptoporus mollis (Pers. ex Fr.) Pilat teste

Lowe (1956)ufensis Karst. (1904) = Coriolopsis trabea (Pers. ex Fr.) Bond. & Sing. teste Loweunicolor (Schw.) Karst. (1879) = Spongipellis unicolor (Schw.) Murrillwilsonii Murrill (1904), type examined = Polyporuschrysites Berk.

INDEX

Species, ~n0'!Yms, excluded species, andvarietiesabietis, Inonotus = Phellinuspini var, abietis, 191aduncus, Polyporus = Phaeolus schweinitzii, 191amplectens, Inonotus, Polyporus = Polyporus fru-

ticumv rqtandersonii, Mucronoporus, Xanthochrous, Poria,

Xanthoporia, Inonotus, 186armatus, Polyporus = 1. radiatus var, nodulosus,aureonitens, Polyporus, Xanthochrous = 1. radia-

tus

bankeri, Inonotus = 1. hispidus,brevisporus, POlypoTUS, 1. dryadeus var., 180

cephalanthi, POlyPOTUS, 1. radiatus var., 181chinensis, Inonotus = Phellinus chinensischondromye1us, Inonotus, 179cichoriaceus, lnonotus = Cyclomyces cichoriaceusclemensiae, Inonotus, Polyporus, Hexagona, 188cognatus, Polyporus, 1. rheades var., 188congoensis, POlyPOTUS, Xanthochrous, I. patouil-

lardii var., 184corneus, Inonotus tamaricis forma = I. subhispiduscorrosus, Inonotus = Polyporus corrosus, 191corruscans, PolyPOTUS, Inonotus, Xanthochrous =

1. dryophilus

Transactions British Mycological Societycorruscans, Polyporus sensu Bres. = I. tama-

ridscorruscans, Polyporus sensu Speg. = I. rickiicroceus, lnonotus = Hapalopilus croc eus, 191cubensis, Ptychogaster = Imperfect form of I.

rickiicucullatus, Polyporus = I. radiatus var,cuticularis, Boletus, Polyporus, Inonotus, Phaeo-

porus, Inodermus, Xanthochrous, Polystictoides,185

demidojJii, lnonotus = Phellinus dem idoffii, 191dentifer, Polyporus = 1. radiatus var, nodulosusdryadea, Ungularia = 1. dryadeusdryadeum, l schnoderma(?) = 1. dryadeusdryadeus, Boletus, Polyporus, Placodes, Phellinus,

Inonotus, Fames, Coltricia, 180dryophilus, Polyporus, Inonotus, 187dryophilus var. oulpinus, Polyporus = 1. rheades

elmerianus, Inonotus, Polyporus, Polystictus =Cydomyces tabacinus, 191

endocrocinus, Polyporus = 1. hispidus

fi brillosus, Inonotus, Hapalopilus = Pycnoporellusfibrillosus , 191

flaous, Boletus = I. hispidusfomentarius * dryadeus, Boletus = 1. dryad eusfriesii, Polyporus = 1. rheadesf ruticum, Inonotus, Coltricia = Polyporus frut i-

cum. rqrfulvomelleus, Inonotus, Poiyporns, 18Sfulous, Polyporus, Inonotus = 1. rheades/uscolutescens, Polypotus, Poria = 1. radiatus va r.

resupinatusIuscooelutinus, Xanthochrous, Polyporus = 1. cuti-

cularis

glorneratus, Polyporus, Inonotus, Xanihochrous,183

glomeratus, Xanthochrous, ssp. heinrichii = 1.heinrichii

hausmanni, Polyporus = 1. hispidusheinrichii , Xanthochrous, Inonotus, 179herbergii, lnonotus = Phaeolus schweinitzii

forma spongia , 191hirsutus, Boletus, lnonotus = 1. hispidushisingeri, Inonotus = 1. rheadeshispidus, Boletus,Polyporus,Inonotus, lnodermus,

Phaeoporus, Xanthochrous, Polystictus, Femes,184

hispidus resupinate Burt, Polyporus = 1. ander-sonii

bispidus,Polyporus sensu Rostk. = I. rheadeshypococcinus, Inonotus = Hapalopilus croc eus,

19 1

iliensis, Inonotus, 182illinoisensis, Polyporus = I. radiatus var. cepha-

lanthiincrustans, Polyporus = 1. obliquusinermis, lnonotus = Fuscoporia inermis, 191inonotus, Polyporus = 1. rheades

jamaicensis, Inonotus, Polyporus, Ig0juniperinus, Inonotus, Polyporus, Igo

kanehirae, Polyporus, Inonotus = Cryptodermakanehirae, 191

krauitzeuiii, Xanthochrous, lnonotus = 1. ander-sonii

lamaoensis, lnonotus = Phellinus lamaoensis,191

leei, lnonotus, Poria = 1. andersoniileporinus, lnonotus = Polystictus circinatus var.

triqueter, Ig1leprosus, lnonotus = Hexagona leprosaleois, lnonotus = 1. dryophiluslicentii, 1. radiatus var., 181ludo vicianus, Xanthachrous, Polyporus. Inonotus,

Ig0ludovicianus var, melleus , Inonotus, Igoluteocontextus, Inonotus, 180

melleomarginatus, In onotus, 195melleus, 1. ludovicianus var.mikadoi, Polyporus, Inonotus, Ig0minor, Polypotus, 1. hispidus var., 18Sminutus, Polyporus = 1. radiatusmunzii, Polyporus = I. cuticularis

negundinis, Polyporus rickii f. sp . = 1. rickiinidulans, lnonotus = H apalopilus nidulans, J 91niduspici, Inonotus, 182nodulosum, lnoderma = In onotus radiatus var,

nodulosusnodulosus, Xanthochrous, 1. heinrichii var. , 179nodulosus, Polyporus, Polystictus, Xanihochrous,

Inonotus = 1. radiatus var, nodulosusnothofagi, Inonotus, 186

obliqua, Fuscoporia = 1. obliquusobliqua, Poria forma 's ur chene ' = 1. nidus-

piciobliquus, Xanthochrous sensu Bourdot = 1.

andersoniiobliquus, Xanthochrous sur chene ' ~ I. nidus-

piciobliquus, Boletus, Poria, Polyporus, Phy sisporus,

Femes, Phaeoporus, Xanthochrous, Phellinus,Inonotus, 186

ochroporus, Polyporus, Inonotus, 183

pactolinum, Corticum, Chromosporium = Sporedeposit of 1. andersonii

patouillardii, Polystictus, Polyporus, Xantho-chrous, Inonotus, 184

perplexus, Polyporus, lnonotus = 1. rheadespertenuis, Inonotus, Polyporus, 186pini, Inonotus = Ph ellinus pini, 191pirisporus, Inonotus, 179plicat us, Polyporus = 1. ra diatusplorans, Xanthochrous, Polyporus, Inonotus, 189polymorphus, Polyporus, Polystictus, Xantho-

chrous, Inonotus , 179polymorphus, Xanthochrous, forma Bourdot = 1.

heinrichiiporrectus , Inonotus, Polyporus, 18gpruinosus, Inonotus, 182pseudohispidus, Inonotus, 187pseudoigniarius, Boletus, Ochroporus, Polyporus =

1. dryadeus

Survey of Inonotus. D. N. Pegler 193pseudoobliquus, Xanthochrous, Inonotus, 187purpurescens, Inonotus, triqueter var. = Lept a-

porus mollis, Iglpusillus , In onotus, Polyporus, 18gpygmaeus, POlyPOTUS = I. pusillus

quercus, Xanthochrous, Inonotus hispidusforma,185

radians, Polyporus = I. radiat usradiata, T rametes, M ensularia = I. radiatusradiatum, lnoderma = I. radiatusradiatus, Boletus, Polyporus, Polystictus, Inonotus,

lnodermus, Dchroporus, Xanthochrous, Fomes, 180radiatus, Xanthochrous, ssp. polymorphus = I.

polymorphusradiatus var. scrobiculatus, lnonotus = I. radia-

tusradiatus var. nodulosus, Polystictus, Xantho-

chrous, Inonotus, 181resupinatus, Xanthochrous, I. radiatus var., 181rheades, POlyPOTUS, Xanthochrous, Inonotus, 188rheades, Polyporus sensu Bres. = I. tamaricisrheades, Xanthochrous, ssp. tamaricis = I. tama-

ricisribis, lnonotus = Phellinus ribis, Igirickii, Xanthochrous, Polyporus, Inonotus , 183rodwayi, Inonotus, 183

salebrosus, Polyporus = I. polymorphussalicum, Xanthochrous, In onotus hispidus forma ,

185schinii, Inonotus, Polyporus = I. cuticularissciurinus, Inonotus, 182scrobiculatus, Inonotus, Polyporus, Polystictus =

I. radiatusscrobiculatus, lnonotus radiatus var . = I. radia-

tus

setigera, Poria = 1. radiatus var . resupinatussetiporus, Inonotus = Cyclomyces setiporus, Igispongia. Inonotus = Phaeolus schweinitzii forma

spongia, Iglspongiosa, Boletus = I. hispidusstuckerti, Ceriomyces = Imperfect form of I.

rickiisubexcarnis, Xanthochrous, I. radiatus forma, 182subhispidus , Polyporus, Inonotus, 18gsulphureopuloerulentus, Inonotus = Phaeolus

schweinitzii , Igi

tabacinus, lnonotus = Cyclomyces tabacinus, Igltamaricis, Xanthochrous, Polyporus, Inonotus, 187tenuicarnis, Inonotus, 18gtexanus, Inonotu s, Polyporus, 188tinctorius, Polyporus, Xanthochrous, lnonotus =

I. hispid ustriqueter, Inonotus = Polystictus circinatus var.

triqueter, 18gtriqueter var. purpurescens, Inonotus = Lepto-

porus mollis , Igi

ufensis, lnonotus = Coriolopsis trabea , Iglumbrinus, PolyPOTUS = I. obliquusunicolor, Inonotus = Spongipellis uni color , Ig l

uelutinus, Boletus = I. hispidusvictoriensis, Inonotus, Polyporus, 180oillosus, Boletus = I. hispidusuulpinus, Polystictus, PolypoTUS, lnonotus = I.

rheades

wilsonii, Inonotus, Polyporus = Polyporuschrysites, IgI

xanthosporus, Polyporus, Poria = I. andersoni i

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ADDENDUM

In 1963 Bondartsev & Ljubarsky (Notul. Syst., Crypt. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci.V.R.S.S. 16, 130, fig. 4-5) described from Quercus a polypore, Inonotus melleo-marginatus, from the Primorsk region, Siberia. The sporophore consisted ofimbricate, thin pilei, each being 0'2-0'S em. thick with a honey colouredmargin; spores hyaline, 4-S x 3-3'S (-4) /1; setae numerous, 35-90 x 9-1 t p..This species would appear to be very close to I. radiatus var. licentii, andultimately the two may be regarded as synonymous.

(Accepted for publication 26 June 1963)