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A Supplemental Checklist of Lichens in Theodore RooseveltState Natural Area, North Carolina, USA with a Note on theRare Teloschistes flavicansAuthor(s): Gary B. PerlmutterSource: Evansia, 24(4):116-121. 2007.Published By: The American Bryological and Lichenological Society, Inc.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1639/0747-9859-24.4.116URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1639/0747-9859-24.4.116

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116 EVANSIA

A Supplemental Checklist of Lichens in Theodore Roosevelt State Natural

Area, North Carolina, USA with a Note on the Rare Teloschistes flavicans

GARY B. PERLMUTTERNorth Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Air Quality, Raleigh RegionalOffice, 3800 Barrett Drive, Raleigh, NC 27609; e-mail: gary.perlmutter@ncmail.net.

Abstract. From 71 collections 48 species representing 29 genera of lichens were found during a one-dayforay in the Hoffman Trail area of Theodore Roosevelt Natural Area, North Carolina in December 2006.All but one were found on bark, with nearly equal representation in the midbole and canopy layers of theforest; only one species was found growing on the forest floor. This checklist supplements that from asurvey of the Natural Area conducted during the 12th Tuckerman Workshop in 2003, which focused on theTheodore Roosevelt Nature Trail area. Twenty-seven taxa reported here were not encountered in the 2003survey and thus represent new additions to the flora. Although not encountered during the survey, apopulation of the rare Teloschistes flavicans (lichenized Ascomycota: Teloschistiaceae) is reported fromthe Natural Area by park personnel.

Keywords. lichen checklist, maritime forest, North Carolina, Teloschistes flavicans

INTRODUCTION

Theodore Roosevelt State Natural Area(THRO) is located in the center of the barrier islandBouge Banks, in Carteret County, North Carolina,USA. The Area, managed by Fort Macon State Park,includes protected stands of mature maritime forest andsalt marsh, with the forest age of at least 100 years (R.Newman pers. comm.). Located in the Middle AtlanticCoastal Plain ecoregion (Griffith et al. 2002), THROwas initially surveyed during the 12th TuckermanWorkshop, which explored the lichen biota of theOuter Banks in March 2003. The Workshopparticipants surveyed the Theodore Roosevelt NatureTrail area within THRO, compiling a checklist of 69taxa for the Area and about 250 taxa for the OuterBanks (Lendemer & Yahr 2004). The purpose of thisstudy was to survey a different portion of THRO tomore thoroughly describe its lichen flora as asupplement to the Tuckerman Workshop’s findings.

METHODS

At the invitation of state park personnel, Iconducted an inventory of the lichen flora at THRO on9 December 2006. To better supplement earlier efforts

conducted in the Natural Area, the present surveyfocused on the Hoffman Trail area, NE of the NorthCarolina Aquarium at Pine Knoll Shores(34°42’01”N, 76°49’43”W). At 0-3 m elevation, thenatural community in the trail area is MaritimeEvergreen Forest (Shafale & Weakely 1990)characterized by Laurel Oak (Quercus laurifolia),Live Oak (Q. virginiana), and American Holly (Ilexopaca), Youpon (I. vomitoria), Eastern Red Cedar(Juniperus virginiana), Wild Olive (Osmanthusamericanus), Redbay (Persea borbonia), and LoblollyPine (Pinus taeda).

Inventory efforts included field-identification,digital imaging, and collection of specimens.Vouchers were deposited at the UNC Herbarium(NCU) with a nearly complete set of duplicates sent tothe Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia(PH) for further identification and/or verification.

Lichen observation records and images wereentered into state park system’s Natural ResourceInventory Database (NRID). The NRID is a web-accessible database(http://149.168.1.196/Checklist/find.php) designed tobring public awareness to the park system’sbiodiversity. Species checklists of groups of

117 Volume 24 (4)

organisms (e.g., “LICHEN”) or communities (e.g.,“ESTUARINE COMMUNITY”) can be generated fora particular park or natural area (e.g., “Fort MaconState Park”) from the pull-down menus, and printed forfield use. The site also has an image gallery for furtherreference or “armchair exploration” of a park’s naturalresources.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Forty-eight species vouchered by 71 collectionsrepresenting 29 genera were encountered during the2006 THRO survey. Thirty-five of these species werepreviously reported from the Coastal Plain (CP) duringthe 12th Tuckerman Workshop (Lendemer and Yahr2004) with 21 found in the Theodore Roosevelt NatureTrail area of THRO. In summary, 27 species arereported new for THRO and ten for the Coastal Plain.

Broken down by growth form, the lichen flora is 60%crustose, 24% foliose and 16% fruticose.

Lichens were found predominantly in themidbole and canopy forest layers, with 58% taxa ontrunk midboles, 40% in the canopy, and only 2%found on the floor. The only floor representativeobserved, Cladonia subradiata, is lignicolous. Norocks and very little bare soil was observed, leavingthese substrata unavailable for lichen colonization. Atmidbole, lichens were found on a variety of trees,with hardwoods harboring the richest communities(Fig. 1) and pines bearing relatively few species. Thecanopy flora was characterized using fallen material(branches, twigs, bark fragments) found on the forestfloor. Thus, corticolous species make up 98% of taxacollected.

ANNOTATED CHECKLIST

Checklist of lichens (lichenized Ascomycota) collected in the Hoffman Trail area of THRO, Carteret County,North Carolina with records from the Tuckerman Workshop (Lendemer and Yahr 2004) for comparison.Nomenclature follows Esslinger (2007) except where as noted. Collection numbers cited are the author’sfollowed by substrate(s).

THRO 2006 Survey – Hoffman Trail

Tuckerman

Workshop

(2003)

Taxon THRO CP

Bactrospora lamprospora (Nyl.) Lendemer – 725 on Q. virgniniana trunk; 735 on a laurel trunk x x

Brigantiaea leucoxantha (Spreng.) R. Sant. & Hafellner – 662 on Q. laurifolia trunk x x

Buellia stillingiana J. Steiner – 697 on fallen hardwood branch xChrysothrix flavovirens Tønsberg s. lat. – 700 on P. taeda trunk. This leprose crust has beenreported from Craven County (Lendemer 2005).

Cladonia subradiata (Vain.) Sandst. – 671, 672 on rotted P. taeda stump x xCryptothecia rubrocinta (Ehrenb. : Fr.) Thor – 696, 699 on Q. virginiana trunk and O.americanus trunk, respectively. x x

Dirinaria confusaD. D. Awasthi – 712 on M. virginiana trunk x x

Dyplolabia afzelii (Ach.) A. Massal. – 709 on I. opaca branch x x

Fissurina insidiosa C. Knight & Mitt. – 670 on fallen Carpinus caroliniana limb

Graphis desquamescens s. lat. – 711 on I. opaca branch

Haematomma accolens (Stirton) Hillm. – 739 on fallen branch x

Heterodermia albicans (Pers.) Swinscow & Krog – 718 on fallen bark fragment x x

Heterodermia crocea R. C. Harris – 676 on O. americanus trunk x

Lecanora louisianae B. de Lesd. – 716 on P. borbonia branch; 738 on fallen branch x

Leptogium azureum (Sw.) Mont. – 675 on Q. laurifolia trunk x x

Leptogium cyanescens (Rabenh.) Körber – 687 on Q. laurifolia trunk

Loxospora pustulata (Brodo & W.L. Culb.) R.C. Harris – 698 on C. caroliniana trunk x

118 EVANSIA

THRO 2006 Survey – Hoffman Trail

Tuckerman

Workshop

(2003)

Megalospora porphyritis (Tuck.) R. C. Harris – 714a, on Q. laurifolia trunk

Nadvornikia sorediata R. C. Harris – 706 on Q. laevigata trunk x

Ochrolechia africana Vain. – 686 on fallen branchParmelinopsis minarum (Vain.) Elix & Hale – 665, 694, 733 on P. borbonia, J. virginiana and I.opaca snags, respectively

Parmotrema praesorediosum (Nyl.) Hale – 689 on fallen branch; 717 on P. borbonia branch x x

Parmotrema hypoleucinum (J. Steiner) Hale – 688, 695 on fallen P. taeda bark fragment x x

Parmotrema subisidiosum (Müll. Arg.) Hale – 677 on O. americanus trunk x

Parmotrema subrigidum R.S. Egan – 690, 693 on fallen bark fragments x xParmotrema tinctorum (Despr. ex Nyl.) Hale – 664, 669, 684 on fallen I. opaca, fallen branchand bark fragment, respectively x xPertusaria commutata Müll. Arg. (syn. P. copiosa per J.C. Lendemer (pers. comm.)) – 685 onP. borbonia trunk x

Pertusaria epixantha R. C. Harris – 708 on I. opaca trunk xPertusaria sinusmexicani Dibben – 681, 714 on Q. laevigata trunk; 726 on Magnolia virginianatrunk

Pertusaria pustulata (Ach.) Duby – 737 on fallen branch

Phaeographis illitoraticola ined. – 674 on C. caroliniana snag x x

Phaeographis lobata (Eschw.) Müll. Arg. – 740 on fallen branch x

Phyllopsora confusa Swinsc. & Krog – 715 on Q. virgniniana trunk x

Phyllopsora parvifolia (Pers.) Müll Arg. var. parvifolia – 666 on C. caroliniana trunk x xPhyscia americana G. Merr. – 720, 722 on C. caroliniana trunk and I. opaca branch,respectively x

Pyrenula anomala (Ach.) Vain. – 692 on fallen branch x xPyrenula cruenta (Mont.) Vain. – 702, 707, 729, 730 on I. opaca trunk and branch, and Q.laurifolia trunk, respectively x x

Pyrenula microcarpaMüll. Arg. – 723 on I. opaca branch; 728 on I. opaca snag x

Pyrenula punctella (Nyl.) Trevisan – 732 on I. opaca snag

Ramalina stenospora Müll. Arg. – 667, 668 on C. caroliniana trunks x x

Ramalina willeyi R. Howe – 701, 734 on fallen branches x x

Thelotrema subtile Tuck. – 703, 705, 719 on I. opaca, Q. laevigata and C. caroliniana trunks x x

Trypethelium virens Tuck. ex Michener – 724 on I. opaca branch x x

Usnea mutabilis Stirton – 678, 680 on Q. virgniniana trunk x x

Usnea strigosa (Ach.) Eaton (norstictic acid) – 679 on Q. virgniniana trunk x

Usnea strigosa (Ach.) Eaton s. lat. – 721 on a fallen branch

Usnea subscabrosa Nyl. ex Mot. – 727 on fallen J. virginiana twig x

Sterile sorediate crust – 713 on I. opaca trunk

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TELOSCHISTES FLAVICANS

Prior to the survey, I was sent an image of therare Teloschistes flavicans by Park Ranger RandyNewman (Fig. 2). This was followed by a vouchersubmittal and a survey of its population. Acollection note follows –

Teloschistes flavicans (Sw.) Norman

(lichenized Ascomycota: Teloschistiaceae) –NORTH CAROLINA, Carteret Co., Bogue Banks,Theodore Roosevelt State Natural Area, USGSMansfield 7.5’quad., 34°41’49”N, 76°50’00”W, 27September 2006, Randy Newman s.n. (NCU!).Growing on J. virginiana limbs overhanging edgeof salt marsh.

Significance. Teloschistes flavicans is listedby the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program(NHP) as SR-P, meaning it is significantly rare andat the periphery of its range (Franklin 2006).Globally it is a widely distributed tropical andsubtropical species, but has become extremely rarein the eastern seaboard of North America (Brodo etal. 2001). The THRO population was surveyed on17 November 2006 by Fort Macon State Parkrangers R. Newman and J. Fullwood. The surveyrevealed over 400 thalli growing on exposedbranches of J. virginiana and Q. virginiana alongthe southwest-facing treeline bordering marsheswest of the NC Aquarium building. This protectedpopulation is considered healthy.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would first like to thank Park Ranger RandyNewman, who invited me to survey THRO andassisted me in the field. He aslo contributed aspecimen and population survey of Teloschistesflavicans for a NHP rare species survey report atmy request. James C. Lendemer (PH) kindlyverifyied my vouchers and commented on a draftof this paper. Fieldwork was conducted underDPR Scientific Research and Collecting PermitNo. R06-57.

LITERATURE CITED

Brodo, I.M., S.D. Sharnoff and S. Sharnoff. 2001.Lichens of North America. Yale UniversityPress, New Haven, CT. 795 pp.

Esslinger, T.L. 2007. A cumulative checklist forthe lichen-forming, lichenicolous and alliedfungi of the continental United States and

Canada. North Dakota State University:http://www.ndsu.nodak.edu/instruct/esslinge/chcklst/chcklst7.htm#Top (First Posted 1December 1997, Most Recent Update 10 April2006), Fargo, North Dakota.

Franklin, M.A. (ed.). 2006. Natural HeritageProgram list of rare plant species of NorthCarolina 2006. North Carolina NaturalHeritage Program, Office of Conservation andCommunity Affairs, N.C. Department ofEnvironment and Natural Resources, Raleigh,NC.

Griffith, G.E., Omernik, J.M., Comstock, J.A.,Schafale, M.P., McNab, W.H., Lenat, D.R.,MacPherson, T.F., Glover, J.B., andShelburne, V.B. 2002. Ecoregions of NorthCarolina and South Carolina (color poster withmap, descriptive text, summary tables, andphotographs). Reston, Virginia, U.S.Geological Survey (original map scale1:1,500,000).

Lendemer, J.C. 2005. Lichens of eastern NorthAmerica Exsiccati, Fascicle IV, No.s 151-200.Opuscula Philolichenum 2: 37-51.

Lendemer, J.C. and R. Yahr. 2004. A checklist ofthe lichens collected during the TuckermanWorkshop #12, Outer Banks, North Carolina,USA. Evansia 21:118-136.

Shafale, M. P. and A. S. Weakley. 1990.Classification of the natural communities ofNorth Carolina, third approximation. NorthCarolina Natural Heritage Program, Raleigh,North Carolina. 321 pp.

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Figure 1. Wild Olive (Osmanthus americanus) trunk with lichens from lower to upper: Parmotrema subisidiosum,Pertusaria commutata, Cryptothecia rubrocincta and a second Parmotrema sp.

121 Volume 24 (4)

Figure 2. Teloschistes flavicans specimen from Theodore Roosevelt State Natural Area, Carteret County, North Carolina.Specimen collected, imaged and deposited in NCU by Randy Newman

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