A Study on Pulse Detonation Engine in Japan

12/10/07

A Study on Pulse Detonation Engine in Japan　 Shigeharu Ohyagi Saitama University Japan

Mechanical Engineering Annual National Seminar (SNTTM) organized by Indonesian Consortium of Higher Education in Mechanical Engineering (BKSTM) 18th Oct., 2012 at Gadja Mada University, Jogjakarta, Indonesia

Outline

�  About Saitama University

�  What is a Detonation Wave?

�  What is a Pulse Detonation Engine

�  Studies on PDE/PDTE in Japan

�  Concluding remarks

Saitama University

�  Founded by Japanese Government at 1949 in Urawa, Saitama

�  5 Faculties (Culture, Education, Economics, Science and Engineering)

�  8,000 undergraduate students, 1,000 graduate students

�  Foreign students; 170 undergraduates, 280 graduates

�  From Indonesia, only 2 graduate students(2012)

http://www.saitama-u.ac.jp/en/index.html

What is a Detonation?

�  Premixed Combustion �  Deflagration

�  Spark Ignition Engine �  Bunsen Burner

�  Detonation

�  Diffusive Combustion (Non premixed combustion) �  Diesel Engine �  Gas Turbine �  Candle

What is a Detonation?

�  It is a combustion wave.

�  It propagates through combustible mixtures like hydrogen/air.

�  It propagates at a velocity 2000-3000 m/s, i.e., supersonic velocity.

�  It consists of a shock wave and a combustion wave.

�  It compresses a medium 10 to 20 times a initial pressure.

12/10/07

Detonation Wave = Shock Wave + Combustion

Unburned Gas p1, T1

Burned Gas p2>p1, T2>T1

Supersonic Propagation Velocity

Processes of Pulse Detonation Engine

courtesy of Dr. Sakurai

Specific Impulse of Various Propulsion System First Experimental Study

Nicholls, J. A., Wilkinson, H. R. and Morrison, R. B., Intermittent Detonation as a Thrust-Producing Mechanism, Jet Propulsion, 27, 5, pp.534-541, 1957.

Review Papers

�  Kailasanath, K., Review of Propulsion Applications of Detonation Waves, AIAA J. 38, 9, pp. 1698-1708, 2000.

�  Roy G.D., Frolov S.M., Borisov A.A., Netzer D.W., Pulse detonation propulsion: challenges, current status, and future perspective, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 30, pp. 545-672, 2004.

Studies in World �  Dr. K. Kailasanath ; US Naval Research Laboratory

�  Dr. Venkat Tangirala ; US General Electric

�  Dr. John Hoke and Dr. Fred Schauer ; US Air Force Research Laboratory

�  Prof. Ming-Hsun Wu; Republic of China National Cheng-Kung University

�  Prof. Piotr Wolanski ; Poland Warsaw University of Technology

�  Prof. Sergey Frolov ; Russia Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics

�  Dr. Ratiba Zitoun ; France Institute PPRIME, CNRS

�  Prof. Longxi Zheng ; China Northwestern Polytechnical University

�  Prof. Mike Kuznetsov ; Germany Kalsruhe Institute of Technology

12/10/07

Studies in Japan

�  Aoyama Gakuin University; Prof. Koichi Hayashi

�  Hiroshima University; Prof. Takuma Endo

�  Hokkaido University; Prof. Masashi Wakita

�  Keio University; Prof. Akiko Matsuo

�  Tokyo Metropolitan University; Dr. Takashi Sakurai

�  Tsukuba University; Prof. Jiro Kasahara

�  Yokohama National University; Kazuhiro Ishii

�  Saitama University; Prof. Shigeharu Ohyagi

First PDE of Saitama University(2005)

Schematics of Experimental PDE

I/OBoard

SignalAmprifer

ValveDrive Circuit

IgnitionCircuit

PC

DigitalOscilloscope

PT:Pressure Transducer

Ion Probe

Circuit

S:Solenoid ValveIg:Ignition PlugS

S

S

S

Ig

Ig

Pt

H2 Air

P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 Dump Tank

PT

Schellkin spiral coil

Inside view of detonation tube

1 cycle

Air

H2

Fuel Injection

Time

Ignition Delay Time

Combustion and Exhaust

Time Sequence of a Cycle

Purging Time : τpu

Experimental Condition

Fuel/Oxidizer H2/Air Initial Pressure Atmospheric Pressure

H2/Air Injection Time [ms] 13 11 8

H2/Air Injection Volume [cc] 820 700 700

Equivalence Ratio ：φ 2.5 1.3～3.5 2.0～3.5 Ｉｇｎｉｔｉｏｎ　Delay Time ：

τig 0.1

Ignition Position [mm] 150 Purging Time [ms] ：τpu 1.9～12.9 1.9～14.9

Outlet of PDE

12/10/07

43

Time[0.5ms/div]

P7

P6

20 Hz 5th cycle

τinj=13 ms

τpu=3.9 ms

Non-d

imen

tiona

l Pres

sure[

5/div]

Pressure Profile on the Wall

Non-d

imen

tiona

l Pres

sure[

5/div]

P6

P7

Time[0.5 ms/div]

20 Hz 5th cycle

τinj

=13 ms

τpu=6.9 ms

Pressure Profile on the Wall

Impulse on Thrust Wall

0

10

20

30

40

50

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Thru

st w

all p

ress

ure,

P [a

tm]

Impulse [N

s]

Elapsed time from ignition [ms]

Pressure

Impulse

█■Impulse[Ns]; 𝐼=𝑆∫𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒↑▒𝑝(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 @Speci?ic Impulse[s]; 𝐼↓𝑠𝑝,𝑓 = 𝐼/𝑚↓𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 ,𝑓𝑔  

█■𝑝; Thrust Wall Pressure[Pa]@𝑡; time[s]@𝑆; Cross−sectional Area of the Tube[m↑2 ]@𝑚↓𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒,𝑓 ; mass of fuel consumed per cycle[kg]@𝑔; speci?ic gravity[m/s↑2 ] 

Comparison with Theory H2-Air (φ=1, p0=101 kPa)

0.633 155.0

0.266 65.1

Experiment

Nicholls Theory

Shepherd Theory

1D Numerical

0.493 104.7 1965

I [Ns] Isp [s] Ispf [s]

2511

5980

0.669 132.6 6320

Thermodynamic Cycles of Pulse Detonation Turbine Engine

TWO CYLINDER PULSE DETONATION TURBINE ENGINE

FUEL：HYDROGEN OXIDIZER：AIR PURGE GAS：AIR

12/10/07

44

Model A Model B

USED TURBO-CHARGERS THANKS FOR MOTOHIDE MURAYAMA (IHI)

Turbine Inlet Pressure and Rotation Speed

Model A

Turbine Output PDTE of Hiroshima University

Courtesy of Prof. Endo

Hiroshima University Courtesy of Prof. Endo


12/10/07

45


University of Tsukuba Courtesy of Prof. Kasahara

PDE of Tsukuba University

Courtesy of Prof. Kasahara



Tokyo Metropolitan University Courtesy of Dr. Sakurai

12/10/07

46



Concluding Remarks

�  A pulse detonation engine (PDE) is a propulsion system utilizing detonative combustion of combustible gas.

�  It is very attractive because of its rapid completion of combustion and of its high pressure release.

�  However, in the present stage, the development of PDE is not complete so that it is necessary to perform a fundamental study on detonation phenomena.

Thank you for your kind attention.

Shigeharu Ohyagi

Documents

A Study on Pulse Detonation Engine in Japan